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801 Integrales Resueltas Muy Bueno PDF
801 Integrales Resueltas Muy Bueno PDF
801 EJERCICIOS
RESUELTOS
DE
INTEGRAL
INDEFINIDA
ITALO G. CARLOS J.
CORTES A SANCHEZ C.
INDICE
INTRODUCCION ............................................................................................................................................. 5
INSTRUCCIONES............................................................................................................................................ 6
ABREVIATURAS DE USO FRECUENTE................................................................................................... 7
IDENTIFICACIONES USUALES ................................................................................................................. 7
IDENTIDADES ALGEBRAICAS .................................................................................................................. 7
IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMETRICAS....................................................................................................... 8
FORMULAS FUNDAMENTALES.................................................................................................................10
CAPITULO 1...................................................................................................................................................12
INTEGRALES ELEMENTALES ................................................................................................................12
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS .............................................................................................................12
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ......................................................................................................................20
RESPUESTAS..............................................................................................................................................21
CAPITULO 2...................................................................................................................................................29
INTEGRACION POR SUSTITUCION........................................................................................................29
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS .............................................................................................................29
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ......................................................................................................................39
RESPUESTAS..............................................................................................................................................41
CAPITULO 3...................................................................................................................................................59
INTEGRACION DE FUNCIONES TRIGONOMETRICAS .......................................................................59
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS .............................................................................................................59
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ......................................................................................................................66
RESPUESTAS..............................................................................................................................................67
CAPITULO 4...................................................................................................................................................77
INTEGRACION POR PARTES...................................................................................................................77
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS .............................................................................................................77
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ......................................................................................................................88
RESPUESTAS..............................................................................................................................................89
CAPITULO 5.................................................................................................................................................111
INTEGRACION DE FUNCIONES CUADRATICAS...............................................................................111
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS ...........................................................................................................111
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ....................................................................................................................116
RESPUESTAS............................................................................................................................................117
CAPITULO 6.................................................................................................................................................126
INTEGRACION POR SUSTITUCION TRIGONOMETRICA .................................................................126
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS ...........................................................................................................126
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS: ...................................................................................................................135
RESPUESTAS............................................................................................................................................137
CAPITULO 7.................................................................................................................................................154
INTEGRACIN DE FUNCIONES RACIONALES..................................................................................154
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS ...........................................................................................................154
EJERCICICOS PROPUESTOS..................................................................................................................162
RESPUESTAS............................................................................................................................................163
CAPITULO 8.................................................................................................................................................188
2
INTEGRACION DE FUNCIONES RACIONALES D SENO Y COSENO...............................................188
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS ...........................................................................................................188
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ....................................................................................................................195
RESPUESTAS............................................................................................................................................195
CAPITULO 9.................................................................................................................................................199
INTEGRACION DE FUNCONES IRRACIONALES ...............................................................................199
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS ...........................................................................................................199
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS ....................................................................................................................203
RESPUESTAS............................................................................................................................................203
EJERCICIOS COMPLEMENTARIOS ........................................................................................................208
RESPUESTAS............................................................................................................................................210
BIBLIOGRAFIA ............................................................................................................................................242
3
A Patricia. / A Ana Zoraida.
Compaeros de ayer,
De hoy y de siempre.
4
INTRODUCCION
5
INSTRUCCIONES
6
ABREVIATURAS DE USO FRECUENTE
IDENTIFICACIONES USUALES
s e n n x = (s e n x) n s e n 1 x = arcs e n x
n x = ( x) n og n x = ( ogx) n
ogx = og x
IDENTIDADES ALGEBRAICAS
an =
1 a 0 = 1, a 0
an
7
2. Sean a, b ,c: bases; m, n nmeros naturales
( a b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b2 ( a b ) = a3 3a 2b + 3ab2 + b3
2 3
(a b) = a 4 4a 3b + 6a 2b 2 4ab3 + b 4 a 2 b 2 = (a + b)(a b)
4
a 2 n b 2 n = (a n + b n )(a n b n ) a 3 b3 = (a b)(a 2 ab b 2 )
(a + b + c) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2(ab + ac + bc)
e = 1 exp x = x = x
ex = x e x = x
exp( x) = x
IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMETRICAS
1.
1 1
sen = cos =
cos ec s ec
s e n 1
g = g =
cos co g
s e n + cos 2 = 1
2
1 + g = sec 2
2
cos g = s e n
2.
(a)
s e n( + ) = s e n cos + cos s e n s e n 2 = 2s e n cos
1 cos 1 cos 2
sen = s e n2 =
2 2 2
s e n( ) = s e n cos cos s e n
8
(b)
1 + cos
cos( + ) = cos cos s e n s e n cos =
2 2
1 + cos 2 cos( ) = cos cos + s e n s e n
cos 2 =
2
cos 2 = cos s e n 2 = 1 2s e n 2 = 2 cos 2 1
2
(c)
g + g 2 g
g ( + ) = g 2 =
1 g g 1 g 2
1 cos 2 g g
g 2 = g ( ) =
1 + cos 2 1 + g g
1 cos s e n 1 cos
g = = =
2 1 + cos 1 + cos s e n
(d)
1 1
s e n cos = [s e n( + ) + s e n( )] cos s e n = [s e n( + ) s e n( )]
2 2
1 1
cos cos = [ cos( + ) + cos( ) ] s e n s e n = [ cos( + ) cos( ) ]
2 2
+ +
s e n + s e n = 2s e n cos s e n s e n = 2 cos sen
2 2 2 2
+ +
cos + cos = 2 cos cos cos cos = 2s e n sen
2 2 2 2
(e)
arcs e n(s e n x) = x arc cos(cos x) = x
arc g ( gx) = x arc co g (co gx) = x
arc sec(sec x) = x arc co sec(co sec x) = x
9
FORMULAS FUNDAMENTALES
Diferenciales Integrales
1.- du =
du
dx 1.- du = u + c
u
2.- d (au ) = adu 2.- adu = a du
3.- d (u + v) = du + dv 3.- (du + dv) = du + dv
4.- d (u n ) = nu n 1du u n +1
4.- u n du = + c (n 1)
n +1
du du
5.- d ( u ) = 5.- = u +c
u u
6.- d (e ) = e du 6.- eu du = eu + c
u u
7.- d (a u ) = a u adu au
7.- a u du = +c
a
8.- d (s e n u ) = cos udu 8.- cos udu = s e n u + c
9.- d (cos u ) = s e n udu 9.- s e n udu = cos u + c
10.- d ( gu ) = sec 2 udu 10.- sec 2 udu = gu + c
11.- d (co gu ) = cosec2 udu 11.- cosec 2 udu = co gu + c
12.- d (sec u ) = sec u gudu 12.- sec u gudu = sec u + c
13.- d (co sec u ) = co sec u co gudu 13.- co sec u co gudu = co sec u + c
du du
14.- d (arcs e n u ) = 14.- = arcs e n u + c
1 u 2
1 u2
du du
15.- d (arc cos u ) = 15.- = arc cos u + c
1 u2 1 u2
du du
16.- d (arc gu ) = 16.- = arc gu + c
1+ u2 1+ u2
du du
17.- d (arc co gu ) = 17.- = arc co gu + c
1+ u2 1+ u2
18.- d (arc sec u ) =
du du arc sec u + c; u > 0
18.- =
u u2 1 u u 2 1 arc sec u + c; u < 0
du du arc co sec u + c; u > 0
19.- d (arc co sec u ) = 19.- =
u u2 1 u u 2 1 arc co sec u + c; u < 0
10
OTRAS INTEGRALES INMEDIATAS
sec u + c
1.- gudu = 2.- co gudu = s e n u + c
cos u + c
sec u + gu + c
4.- co sec udu = co sec u co gu + c
3.- sec udu = u
gu 2 + 4 + c
5.- s e n hudu = cos u + c 6.- cos udu = s e n hu + c
7.- ghudu = cos u + c 8.- co ghudu = s e n u + c
9.- sec hudu = arc gh(s e n hu ) + c 10.- co sec hudu = arc co gh(cos hu ) + c
u
arcs e n + c
du a 12.-
du
= u + u2 a2 + c
11.- =
a u
2 2
arcs e n u + c u a2 2
a
1 u
arc g + c ua
du a a 14.-
du
=
1
+c
13.- 2 =
u +a 2 u a
2 2
2a u+a
1 arc co g u + c
a a
1 u
arc cos + c
du 1 u du a a
15.- = +c 16.- =
u a u2 2 a a + a2 u2 u u a
2 2
1 arc sec u + c
a a
u 2 a2
17.- u 2 a 2 du = u a2 u + u2 a2 + c
2 2
u 2 a2 u
18.- a u du =
2 2
a u + arcs e n + c
2
2 2 a
e (a s e n bu b cos bu )
au
19.- e au s e n budu = +c
a 2 + b2
e au (a cos bu + b s e n bu )
20.- e cos budu =
au
+c
a 2 + b2
11
CAPITULO 1
INTEGRALES ELEMENTALES
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
x4
Por lo tanto: e xdx = x xdx = x dx = + c
x2 2 3
4
x 4
x n +1
Respuesta: e x xdx = + c , x dx = n + 1 , n 1
2
n
Frmula utilizada:
4
1.2 .- Encontrar: 3a 7 x 6 dx
Solucin.-
x7
3a x dx = 3a x dx = 3a +c
7 6 7 6 7
7
x7
Respuesta: 3a 7 x 6 dx = 3a 7 +c, Frmula utilizada: del ejercicio anterior.
7
1.3.- Encontrar: (3 x 2 + 2 x + 1)dx
Solucin.-
(3x + 2 x + 1)dx = (3x + 2 x + 1)dx = 3x dx + 2 xdx + dx
2 2 2
x3 x2
= 3 x 2 dx + 2 xdx + dx = 3 +2 + x + c = x3 + x 2 + x + c
3 2
Respuesta: (3 x 2 + 2 x + 1)dx = x3 + x 2 + x + c
1.4.- Encontrar: x(x + a )( x + b)dx
Solucin.-
x(x + a)( x + b)dx = x x + (a + b) x + ab dx = x + ( a + b ) x + abx dx
2 3 2
x4 x3 x2
= + (a + b) + ab + c
4 3 2
12
x 4 (a + b) x3 abx 2
Respuesta: x(x + a)( x + b)dx = + + +c
4 3 2
1.5.- Encontrar: (a + bx 3 ) 2 dx
Solucin.-
(a + bx ) dx = (a + 2abx + b x )dx = a dx + 2abx dx + b x dx
3 2 2 3 2 6 2 3 2 6
x4 x7
= a 2 dx + 2ab x3dx + b 2 x 6 dx = a 2 x + 2ab
+ b2 + c
4 7
4 2 7
abx b x
Respuesta: (a + bx3 ) 2 dx = a 2 x + + +c
2 7
1.6.- Encontrar: 2 pxdx
Solucin.-
1 1 2
x2 2 2 px 3
= = = + = +c
1
2
2 pxdx 2 px dx 2 p x dx 2 p c 2
2 3
3
2 2 px x
Respuesta: 2 pxdx = +c
3
dx
1.7.-Encontrar: n
x
Solucin.-
1 1+ n 1+ n
+1
1 n n n
dx x x nx
n
x
= x n
dx =
1
+c =
1 + n
+c =
n 1
+c
+1
n n
1+ n
dx nx n
Respuesta: n = +c
x n 1
1 n
1.8.- Encontrar: (nx) n
dx
Solucin.-
1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1
1
(nx) n
dx = n n
x n
dx = n n
x n
dx = n n
x n dx
1 1
1 n 1+1 1 n 1 n 1 1 n 1 1 n + n 1
xn xn +1
= =n +c = n +c = n nx + c = n x +c = n xn + c = n nx n + c
n n 1 1
n n n n n
1 1
1+1
n n
1 n
Respuesta: (nx) n
dx = n nx + c
1.9.- Encontrar: (a 3 x 3 )3 dx
2 2
Solucin.-
x 3 )3 dx = a ( ) ( ) ( x ) ( x ) dx
3 2 2 3
(a 3 a x 3 + 3a
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 2 3 3 3
13
= (a 2 3a 3 x x 2 )dx = a 2 dx 3a 3 x 3 dx + 3a 3 x 3 dx x 2 dx
4 2 2 4
+ 3a 3 x
4 2 2 4
3 3
5 7
x3 x 3 x3
= a dx 3a x dx + 3a x dx x dx = a x 3a + 3a 3 +c
2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 4
3 3 3 3 3
5 7 3
3 3
4 5 2 7
9a 3 x 3 9a 3 x 3 x 3
= a2 x + +c
5 7 3
4 5 2 7
2 2 9 a 3 x 3 9a 3 x 3 x 3
Respuesta: (a x ) dx = a x
3 3 3 2
+ +c
5 7 3
1.10.- Encontrar: ( x + 1)( x x + 1)dx
Solucin.-
( x + 1)( x x + 1)dx = ( x x ( x ) 2 + x + x x + 1)dx
5 5
x2 2x 2
= ( x x + 1)dx = ( xx + 1)dx = ( x + 1)dx = x dx + dx = + x+c = + x+c
1 3 3
2 2 2
5 5
2
5
2x 2
= x dx x dx 2 x dx = 2
2 = 2 +c
10 4
3 3 3
10 4 2 13 7 1
+1 +1 +1 3
3 3 3 3 3
13 7 3 13 3 7
x 3 x3 x x x4 3 x x2 3 x
=3 3 6x 3 + c = 3 3 63 x + c = 3 3 63 x + c
1
13 7 13 7 13 7
( x + 1)( x 2)dx 3 x 3 x
2 2 4 2
Respuesta: = 6 3 x + c
3 2
x 13 7
(x x )
m n 2
1.12.- Encontrar: dx
x
Solucin.-
( x m x n )2 ( x2m 2 xm xn + x2n ) ( x2m 2 xm xn + x2n )
x
dx =
x
dx =
x1/ 2
dx
14
2 x2m x 4 x m+n x 2 x2n x
= + +c
4m + 1 2m + 2 n + 1 4n + 1
a2 4a ax 6ax 4 x ax x2
= 1 dx ax dx + (ax) 12 ax
dx dx + (ax) 12 dx
(ax) 2
= a 2 a 2 x 2 dx 4adx + 6aa 2 xx 2 dx 4 xdx + a 2 x 2 x 2 dx
1 1 1 1 1 1
x 2 dx 4a dx + 6a x dx 4 xdx + a x
=a
3 1 1 2 1 3
2 2 2 2
dx
1 +1 1 3 +1
x 2
x 2 +1
x1+1 12 x 2
=a 4ax + 6a 4 +a +c
3 1
2 2
1 1 1+1 3
+1 +1 +1
2 2 2
1 3 5
x 2
x 2
x2 12 x 2
=a 4ax + 6a 4 +a +c
3 1
2 2
1 3 2 5
2 2 2
5
12 x 2
= 2a x 4ax + 4a x 2 x + 2a +c
3 1 1 3 2
2 2 2 2
5
( a x )4 2 x3
Respuesta: dx = 2a x 4ax + 4a x 2 x + +c
3 1 1 3 2
2 2 2 2
ax 5 xa
dx
1.14.- Encontrar: 2
x 10
Solucin.-
dx dx 1 xa
Sea: a = 10 , Luego: 2 = 2 = +c
x 10 x a 2
2a x+a
1 x 10 10 x 10
= +c = +c
2 10 x + 10 20 x + 10
dx 10 x 10
Respuesta: = +c
x 10 20
2
x + 10
dx
1.15.- Encontrar:
x +72
dx dx 1 x
Solucin.- Sea: a= 7 , Luego: = 2 = arc g + c
x +72
x +a 2
a a
15
1 x 7 7x
arc g +c = arc g +c
7 7 7 a
dx 7 7x
Respuesta: = arc g +c
x +7 2
7 a
dx
1.16.- Encontrar:
4 + x2
Solucin.-
dx dx
Sea: a = 2 , Luego: = = x + a2 + x2 + c
4+ x 2
a +x
2 2
= x + 4 + x2 + c
dx
Respuesta: = x + 4 + x2 + c
4+ x 2
dx
1.17.- Encontrar:
8 x2
Solucin.-
dx dx x
Sea: a = 8 , Luego: = = arcs e n +c
8 x2 a2 x2 a
x x
= arcs e n + c = arcs e n +c
8 2 2
dx 2x
Respuesta: = arcs e n +c
8 x2 4
dy
1.18.- Encontrar:
x +92
Solucin.-
1
La expresin: acta como constante, luego:
x +9 2
dy 1 1 y
x2 + 9 = x 2 + 9 dy = x2 + 9 y + c = x 2 + 9 + c
dy y
Respuesta: 2 = 2 +c
x +9 x +9
2 + x2 2 x2
1.19.- Encontrar: dx
4 x4
Solucin.-
2 + x2 2 x2 2 + x2 2 x2
4 x4
dx =
4 x4
dx
4 x4
dx
2 + x2 2 x2 dx dx
= dx dx =
(2 x 2 ) (2 + x 2 ) (2 x 2 ) (2 + x 2 ) 2 x2 2 + x2
16
dx dx x
Sea: a = 2 , Luego: = arcs e n x + a2 + x2 + c
a2 x2 a2 + x2 a
x x
= arcs e n x + ( 2) 2 + x 2 + c = arcs e n x + 2 + x2 + c
2 2
2 + x2 2 x2 x
Respuesta: dx = arcs e n x + 2 + x2 + c
4 x 4
2
1.20.- Encontrar: g 2 xdx
Solucin.-
g xdx = (sec x 1)dx = sec xdx dx = gx x + c
2 2 2
Respuesta: g 2 xdx = gx x + c
1.21.- Encontrar: co g 2 xdx
Solucin.-
co g xdx = (cos ec x 1)dx = cos ec xdx dx = co gx x + c
2 2 2
Respuesta: co g 2 xdx = co gx x + c
dx
1.22.- Encontrar:
2x2 + 4
Solucin.-
dx dx 1 dx 1 1 x 2 2x
2 x 2 + 4 = 2( x 2 + 2) = 2 x 2 + 2 = 2 2 arc g 2 + c = 4 arc g 2 + c
dx 2 2x
Respuesta: = arc g +c
2x + 4
2
4 2
dx
1.23.- Encontrar: 2
7x 8
Solucin.-
dx dx dx 1 dx
7 x 2 8 = 2 8 = 7 ( x 2 ( 8 )2 = 7 x 2 ( 8 )2
7( x ) 7 7
7
1 1 x 87 1 x 87 7 7x 8
= +c = +c = +c
7 2( 7 ) 8
x+ 7 8
8 x+ 7 8
14 8 7x + 8
14
7
1 7x 2 2 14 7x 2 2
= +c = +c
4 14 7x + 2 2 56 7x + 2 2
dx 14 7x 2 2
Respuesta: = +c
7 x 8 56
2
7x + 2 2
x 2 dx
1.24.- Encontrar:
x2 + 3
17
Solucin.-
x 2 dx 3 dx dx
x2 + 3 = (1 x2 + 3)dx = dx 3 x 2 + 3 = dx 3 x2 + ( 3)2
1 x 3x
= x3 arc g + c = = x 3 arc g +c
3 3 3
x 2 dx 3x
Respuesta: = x 3 arc g +c
x +3
2
3
dx
1.25.- Encontrar:
7 + 8x2
Solucin.-
dx dx 1
7 + 8 x2 = ( 8 x)2 + ( 7)2 = 8 8x + 7 + 8x + c
2
dx 2
Respuesta: = 8x + 7 + 8x2 + c
7 + 8x 2 4
dx
1.26.- Encontrar:
7 5x2
Solucin.-
dx dx 1 5
7 5x 2
=
( 7) ( 5 x)
2 2
=
5
arcs e n x
7
+c
dx 5 35 x
Respuesta: = arcs e n +c
7 5x 2 5 7
(a x b x ) 2 dx
1.27.- Encontrar:
a xb x
Solucin.-
(a x b x ) 2 dx ( a 2 x 2a x b x + b 2 x ) a2x 2 a xb x b 2x
a xb x = a xb x
dx = a xb x a xb x
dx dx + a x b x dx
( a / b) 2x + (b / a ) + c
x x x x
ax bx a b
= x dx 2dx + x dx = dx 2 dx + dx =
b a b a
a
b
b a
(a / b) (b / a ) (a / b) (b / a )
x x x x
= 2x + +c = 2x +c
a b b a a b a b
ax bx
x x
=
b a
2x + c
a b
a 2 x b2 x
(a x b x ) 2 dx a b
x x
Respuesta: = 2x + c
a xb x a b
18
x
1.28.- Encontrar: s e n 2 dx
2
Solucin.-
x
1 cos 2
x 2 1 cos x 1 1
sen dx = dx = dx = dx cos xdx
2
2 2 2 2 2
x senx
= +c
2 2
x x senx
Respuesta: s e n 2 dx = +c
2 2 2
dx
1.29.- Encontrar: ;(0 < b < a )
( a + b) + ( a b ) x 2
Solucin.-
dx dx
Sea: c 2 = a + b, d 2 = a b, ; luego = 2
( a + b) + ( a b) x 2
c + d 2 x2
dx 1 dx 1 1 x 1 dx
2 c2 2 = d 2 c 2 2 = d 2 c arctg c + c = cd arctg c + c
d 2 +x +x d
d d d
1 a bx 1 ab
= arctg +c = arctg x+c
a +b a b a+b a b
2 2 a+b
dx 1 a b
Respuesta: = arctg x+c
( a + b) + ( a b) x 2
a 2 b2 a+b
dx
1.30.-Encontrar: ;(0 < b < a )
( a + b) ( a b ) x 2
Solucin.-
dx dx
Sea: c 2 = a + b, d 2 = a b, Luego: = 2
( a + b) ( a b) x 2
c d 2 x2
x c
=
dx 1
= 2
dx
= 2
1 1
d + c = 1 dx c + c
c 2
d c 2
d 2c x+ c 2cd dx + c
d 2 2 x2 x2 d
d d d
1 a bx a + b
= +c
2 a b2 2
a bx + a + b
dx 1 a bx a + b
Respuesta: = +c
( a + b) ( a b ) x 2
2 a 2 b2 a bx + a + b
1.31.- Encontrar: ( a 2 x ) 1dx
0
Solucin.-
19
( a )
1dx = (a 0 1)dx = (1 1)dx = dx dx = 0dx = c
2x 0
Respuesta: ( a 2 x ) 1dx = c
0
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
Mediante el uso del lgebra elemental, o algunas identidades trigonomtricas,
transformar en integrales de fcil solucin, las integrales que se presentan a
continuacin.
dx dx dx
1.50.- 1.51.- 1.52.-
x 2 + 12 12 x 2 x x 2 12
dx dx dx
1.53.- 1.54.- 1.55.-
x 12 x 2 x 12 + x 2 8 2x2
1.56.-
dx
1.57.-
dx 1.58.- x 2 10dx
2 x2 8 2 x2 + 8
1.59.- x 2 + 10dx 1.60.- 10 x 2 dx 1 cos 2 x
1.61.- dx
s e n2 x
1.62.- 1 s e n 2 xdx 1.63.- 1 cos 2 xdx 1.64.- (2 x 3x )0 dx
1.65.- (20 30 ) n dx
1.66.- gx
sen x
1.67.-
dx
dx 3 x
cos x
1.68.- 3
4 x 2 dx 1.69.- x 2 34 dx 1.70.- x 2 + 34 dx
dx dx dx
1.71.- 1.72.- 1.73.-
x 3 x 2
x x 3 2
x x2 + 3
1.74.- s e n 3 x dy 1.75.- u dx 1.76.- exp( x)dx
1.77.- e x dx x 2 1.79.- 11 x 2 dx
2
1.78.- dx
2x
1.80.- x 2 11dx 1.81.- x 2 + 11dx 1.82.- (e x )dx
20
1 + x + x 3
0 dx
1.85.-
1.83.- dx 1.84.- ( g x + sec x 1)dx
2 2
3x 2 1
1 x
1.86.- (co g s e n )dx 1.87.-
dx
1.88.-
dx
1 + 3x 2 1 3x 2
dx dx dx
1.89.- 1.90.- 2 1.91.- 2
1 + 3x 2 3x + 4 3x 1
dx dx dx
1.92.- 1.93.- 1.94.-
x 3x2 1 x 1 + 3x 2 x 1 3x 2
1.95.- 1 3 x 2 dx 1.96.- 1 + 3 x 2 dx 1.97.- 3 x 2 1dx
1.98.- (3 x 2 1)dx
0 n
1.99.- (3 x 2 1) dx 1.100.- (3 x 2 1) du
1.101.- exp( 1.102.- (e 1.103.- (e 2 + e + 1) x dx
2 x 1
x
3 )dx 2
)dx
1+ g 2x 1.105.- exp( 1 + x )dx 1.106.- 27 x 2 dx
1.104.- 2
1dx
sec x
1.107.- x 2 27 dx 1.108.- x 2 + 27 dx 1.109.-
dx
3x x2 1
dx dx dx
1.110.- 1.111.- 1.112.-
2x 1 x2 5x x2 + 1 3x 9 x2
1.113.-
dx
1.114.-
dx (1 x ) 2
1.115.- dx
4 x x 2 + 16 5 x x 2 25 x2
1.116.- (1 + x + x) 2 dx 1.117.- (1 x + x) 2 dx 1.118.- (1 + x) 4 dx
1 cos x 1 s e n x
1 + x2
1.119.- e 2
dx 1.120.- exp 2 dx 1.121.- e 3
dx
x
1.122.- (1 + x 3 x )0 dx 1.123.- e
(1+ x )2
2
dx
RESPUESTAS
3 x 5+1 x6 x6
1.32.- 3 x5 dx = 3 x 5 dx = +c =3 +c = +c
5 +1 6 2
1.33.- (1 + e) x dx
ax (1 + e) x
Sea: a = 1 + e, Luego: (1 + e) dx = a dx = x
+c = x
+c
a (1 + e)
1.34.- (1 + gx)dx = dx + gxdx = x + sec x + c
1 + cos x 1 1 1 1
1.35.- cos 2 2x dx = dx = dx + cos xdx = x + s e n x + c
2 2 2 2 2
21
1.36.- (1 + x )3 dx = (1 + 3 x + 3( x 2 ) + x3 )dx = dx + 3 x + 3 xdx + x 2 dx
3
x2 2 52 x2 2
= x + 2x 2 + 3 + x + c = x + 2 x x + 3 + x2 x + c
3
2 5 2 5
1.37.- (1 + x ) dx = dx = x + c
0
1+ x
1+ x
1+ x
1.38.- 2
dy = 2
dy = 2
y+c
1+ 3
x
1+ 3
x
1+ 3
x
dx
1.39.-
5 x2
dx dx x 5x
Sea: a = 5 , Luego: = = arcs e n + c = arcs e n +c
5 x2 ( 5) 2 x 2 5 5
dx dx
1.40.- = = x + x2 5 + c
x 52
x ( 5)
2 2
dx dx
1.41.- = = x + x2 + 5 + c
x +52
x 2 + ( 5) 2
dx
1.42.-
x +52
dx 1 x
Sea: a = 5 , Luego: = arc g +c
x + ( 5)
2 2
5 5
5 5x
= arc g +c
5 5
dx dx 1 x 5 5 x 5
1.43.- = 2 = +c = +c
x 52
x ( 5) 2
2 5 x+ 5 10 x+ 5
1.44.- (s e n 2 x + cos 2 x 1)dx = (1 1)dx = 0dx = c
2 32 x2
1.45.- x (1 x )dx = ( x x)dx = xdx xdx = x + c
3 2
1.46.- ( g x + 1)dx = sec xdx = gx + c
2 2
dx dx 1 x 12 1 x2 3
1.47.- = 2 = +c = +c
x 12
2
x ( 12) 2
2 12 x + 12 4 3 x+2 3
3 x2 3
= +c
12 x+2 3
dx
1.48.-
x + 12
2
dx 1 x
Sea: a = 12 , Luego: = arc g +c
x + ( 12)
2 2
12 12
22
1 x 3 3x
= arc g +c = arc g +c
2 3 2 3 6 6
dx dx
1.49.- = = x + x 2 12 + c
x 2 12 x ( 12)
2 2
dx dx
1.50.- = = x + x 2 + 12 + c
x 2 + 12 x + ( 12)
2 2
dx
1.51.-
12 x 2
dx dx
Sea: a = 12 ,Luego: =
12 x 2
( 12) 2 x 2
x x 3x
= arcs e n + c = arcs e n + c = arcs e n +c
12 2 3 6
dx dx 1 x 1 x
1.52.- = = arc sec +c = arc sec +c
x x 2 12 x x 2 ( 12) 2 12 12 2 3 2 3
3 3x
= arc sec +c
6 6
dx dx 1 x
1.53.- = = +c
x 12 x 2
x ( 12) x
2 2 12 12 + 12 x 2
3 x
= +c
6 12 + 12 x 2
dx 3 x
1.54.- = +c
x 12 + x 2 6 12 + 12 + x 2
dx dx 1 dx 1 x 2 x
1.55.- = = = arcs e n + c = arcs e n + c
8 2x 2
2(4 x )2
2 4 x 2
2 2 2 2
dx dx 1 dx 1
1.56.- = = = x + x2 4 + c
2 x2 8 2( x 4)
2
2 x 4
2
2
2
= x + x2 4 + c
2
dx dx 1 dx 1
1.57.- = = = x + x2 + 4 + c
2x + 8
2
2( x + 4)
2
2 x +4
2
2
2
= x + x2 + 4 + c
2
x 2 10
1.58.- x 2 10dx = x 2 ( 10)2 dx = x 10 x + x 2 10 + c
2 2
23
x 2
= x 10 5 x + x 2 10 + c
2
x 2
1.59.- x 2 + 10dx = x + 10 + 5 x + x 2 + 10 + c
2
x 10 x
1.60.- 10 x 2 dx = ( 10) 2 x 2 dx = 10 x 2 + arcs e n +c
2 2 10
x 10 x
= 10 x 2 + 5arcs e n +c
2 10
1 cos 2 x s e n2 x
1.61.- dx = s e n 2 x dx = dx = x + c
s e n2 x
1.62.- 1 s e n 2 xdx = cos 2 xdx = cos xdx = s e n x + c
1.63.- 1 cos 2 xdx = s e n 2 xdx = s e n xdx = cos x + c
1.64.- (2 x 3x )0 dx = dx = x + c
1.65.- (20 30 ) n dx = (0) n dx = 0dx = c
sen x
1.66.- gx dx = ( gx gx ) dx = 0dx = c
cos x
dx 3x
1.67.- x = 3x dx = +c
3 3
x 3 3 x
1.68.- 34 x 2 dx = ( 23 ) 2 x 2 dx = 4 x 2
+ 4
arcs e n 3 + c
2 2 2
x 3 3 2 x
= x 2 + arcs e n +c
2 4 8 3
x 2 3 34
1.69.- x 2 34 dx = x 2 ( 23 ) 2 dx = x 4 x + x 2 34 + c
2 2
x 2 3 3
= x 4 x + x 2 34 + c
2 8
x 2 3 3
1.70.- x 2 + 34 dx = x 2 + ( 23 ) 2 dx = x + 4 + x + x 2 + 34 + c
2 8
dx dx 1 x
1.71.- = = +c
x 3 x2 x ( 3) 2 x 2 3 3 + 3 x2
3 x
= +c
3 3 + 3 x2
dx 1 x 3 3x
1.72.- = arc sec +c = arc sec +c
x x 3
2
3 3 3 3
dx 3 x
1.73.- = +c
x x +3
2 3 3 + x2 + 3
24
1.74.- (s e n 3 x )dy = s e n 3 x dy = (s e n 3 x ) y + c
1.75.- u dx = u dx = u x + c
x2
1.76.- exp( x)dx = xdx = +c
2
x3
1.77.- e x2
dx = x dx = + c
2
3
x 2 x 2 x 2 1 1
1.78.- dx = dx dx = dx dx = dx dx =
2x 2x 2x 2x 2x 2 x
1
1 1 x2 2
dx x 2 dx =
1
= x +c = x 2x 2 + c
1
2 2 1
2 2
x 11 x x 11 11x
1.79.- 11 x 2 dx = 11 x 2 + arcs e n +c = 11 x 2 + arcs e n +c
2 2 11 2 2 11
x 2 11
1.80.- x 2 11dx = x 11 x + x 2 11 + c
2 2
x 2 11
1.81.- x 2 + 11dx = x + 11 + x + x 2 + 11 + c
2 2
3
x2 2
1.82.- (e )dx = xdx = x 2 dx = 3 + c = x x + c
x 1
2 3
0
1 + x + x 3
1.83.- dx = dx = x + c
1 x
1.84.- ( g 2 x + sec2 x 1)dx = 0dx = c
dx dx 1 dx 1
1.85.- = = = x + ( x 2 13 ) + c
3x 1 2
3 ( x 13 )
2
3 ( x 3)
2 1 3
3
= x + ( x2 13 ) + c
3
1.86.- (co g s e n )dx = (co g s e n ) dx = (co g s e n ) x + c
dx dx 3
1.87.- = = x+ 1
3 + x2 + c
1 + 3x 2
3 1
3 +x 2 3
dx dx 1 dx 1 x
1.88.- =
3
= = arcs e n 1 + c
1 3x 2
3 1
3 x 2 1
3 x 2
3 3
3
= arcs e n 3 x + c
3
dx dx 1 dx 1 1 x 3
1.89.- = 1 = 1 = 1 arc g 1 + c = arc g 3x + c
1 + 3x 2
3( 3 + x ) 3 3 + x 3 3
2 2
3
3
25
dx 1 dx 1 1 x 3 3x
1.90.- = 2 4 = 2 arc g 2 + c = arc g +c
3x + 4 3 x + 3 3 3
2
3
6 2
dx 1 dx 1 1 x 1
3 3x 1
1.91.- = 2 1= 3
+c = +c
3x 1 3 x 3 3 2 3
2 1
x+ 1
3
6 3x + 1
dx dx 1 dx 1 1 x
1.92.- = = = arc sec +c
x 3x 2 1 3x x 2 1 3 x x2 1 3 1 1
3 3 3 3
= arc sec 3x + c
dx 1 dx 1 1 x
1.93.- = = +c
x 1 + 3x 2
3 x 3+x
1 2
3 1 1
+ 1
+ x2
3 3
3
x
= +c
1
3
+ 1
3 + x2
dx 1 dx x
1.94.- = = +c
x 1 3x 2 3 x 13 x 2 1
3
+ 1
3 x2
x 1
x
1.95.- 1 3x 2 dx = 3 1
3 x 2 dx = 3 1
3 x 2 + 3 arcs e n +c
2 2
1
3
x 1
= 3 1
3 x 2 + arc s e n 3x + c
2 6
x 1 1
1.96.- 1 + 3x 2 dx = 3 + x 2 dx = 3 3 + x 2
+1
3
3
x + 13 + x 2 +c
2 2
x 1 1
= 3 3+ x +
2
x + 13 + x 2 + c
2 6
x 2 1 1
1.97.- 3x 2 1dx = 3 x 2 13 dx = 3 x 3 x + x 2 13 + c
2 6
1.98.- (3 x 2 1)dx = 3 x 2 dx dx = x3 x + c
0
1.99.- (3x 2 1) dx = dx = x + c
n
1.100.- (3 x 2 1) du = (3 x 2 1) n du = (3 x 2 1) n u + c
3
x 1 1 1x2 2 3
1.101.- exp( 3
x
)dx = dx = x 2 dx = +c = x 2 +c
3 3 3 32 9
2x 1 1 x2 1
1.102.- (e )dx = dx = xdx dx = x + c
2 x 1
2
2 2 2 2
1.103.- (e + e + 1) dx
2 x
26
ax (e 2 + e 1) x
Sea: a= (e 2 + e + 1) , Luego: a x dx = +c = +c
a (e2 + e 1)
1+ g 2x
1.104.- 2
1dx = (1 1)dx = 0dx = c
sec x
x2
1.105.- exp( 1 + x )dx = (1 + x)dx = dx + xdx = x + + c
2
x 27 x
1.106.- 27 x 2 dx = 27 x 2 + arc s e n +c
2 2 3 3
x 2 27
1.107.- x 2 27dx = x 27 x + x 2 27 + c
2 2
x 2 27
1.108.- x 2 + 27dx = x + 27 + x + x 2 + 27 + c
2 2
dx 1 dx 1
1.109.- = = arc secx + c
3x x 2 1 3 x x 2 1 3
dx 1 dx 1 x
1.110.- = = +c
2x 1 x2 2 x 1 x2 2 1 + 1 x2
dx 1 dx 1 x
1.111.- = = +c
5x x + 1 2 5 x x +1 5
2
1 + x2 + 1
dx 1 dx 11 x 1 x
1.112.- = = +c = +c
3x 9 x 2 3 x 9 x 2 33 3+ 9 x 2 9 3 + 9 x2
dx 1 dx 11 x
1.113.- = = +c
4 x x + 16 2 4 x x + 16 4 4
2
4 + x 2 + 16
1 x
= +c
16 4 + x 2 + 16
dx 1 dx 11 x 1 x
1.114.- = = arc sec + c = arc sec + c
5 x x 25 5 x x 25 5 5
2 2 5 25 5
(1 x ) 2
1 2 x + x
1.115.- dx = dx = ( x 2 2 x 2 + x 1 )dx
3
2 2
x x
1 1
x 2 x 2
= x dx 2 x dx + x dx = x 2 + x + c = x 2 + x +c
2 3 1 1 1
2
1 1
2 2
1 4
+ x +c = + + x +c
1
= x 1 + 4 x 2
x x
1.116.- (1 + x + x)2 dx = (1 + x + x 2 + 2 x + 2 x + 2 x 2 )dx
3
= (1 + 2 x 2 + 3x + 2 x 2 + x 2 )dx = dx + 2 x 2 dx +3 xdx + 2 x 2 dx + x 2 dx
1 3 1 3
3 5 3 5
2x 2 x2 x 2 x3 4x 2 x2 x 2 x3
x+ +3 +2 + +c = x+ +3 +4 + +c
3 2 5 3 3 2 5 3
2 2
27
1.117.- (1 x + x) 2 dx = (1 + x + x 2 2 x + 2 x 2 x 2 )dx
3
3 5
4x 2 x2 x 2 x3
= (1 2 x + 3x 2 x + x )dx = x +3 4 + +c
1 3 2
2 2
3 2 5 3
1.118.- (1 + x) dx = (1 + 4 x + 6 x + 4 x + x )dx
4 2 3 4
1
= dx + 4 xdx + 6 x 2 dx + 4 x3 dx + x 4 dx = x + 2 x 2 + 2 x3 + x 4 + x5 + c
5
1 cos x
1 cos x 1 1 1 1
1.119.- e 2
dx =
dx = dx cos xdx = x s e n xdx
2 2 2 2 2
1+ x
2
1+ x 2
1 1
1.120.- exp 2 dx = 2 dx = 2 dx + dx = x 2 dx + dx = + x + c
x x x x
1 s e n x
1 s e n x 1 1 1 1
1.121.- e 3
dx =
dx = dx s e n xdx = x + cos x + c
3 3 3 3 3
1.122.- (1 + x 3 x ) dx = dx = x + c
0
(1+ x )2 (1 + x) 2 1 + 2 x + x2 1 1
1.123.- e 2
dx = dx = dx = dx + xdx + x 2 dx
2 2 2 2
1 x 2 x3
= x+ + +c
2 2 6
28
CAPITULO 2
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
e x dx
2.1.-Encontrar: 2
x +7
e x dx xdx
Solucin.- Como: e x
= x, se tiene: 2 = 2
x +7 x +7
xdx 1 2 xdx
Sea la sustitucin: u = x 2 + 7 , donde: du = 2 xdx , Dado que: = 2 ,
x +7 2 x +7
2
1 2 xdx 1 du
2 x2 + 7 2 u
Se tiene: = , integral que es inmediata.
1 du 1 1
Luego: = u + c = x2 + 7 + c
2 u 2 2
e x dx 1
Respuesta: 2 = x2 + 7 + c
x +7 2
e x dx
2
2.2.-Encontrar: 3
x +8
e x dx
2
x 2 dx
Solucin.- Como: e = x , se tiene: 3
x2 2
= 3
x +8 x +8
x 2 dx 1 3 x 2 dx
Sea la sustitucin: w = x3 + 8 , donde: dw = 3x 2 dx , Dado que:
x3 + 8 3 x3 + 8
= ,
1 3x 2 dx 1 dw
3 x3 + 8 3 w
Se tiene: = integral que es inmediata.
1 dw 1 1
Luego: = w + c = x3 + 8 + c
3 w 3 3
x2
e dx 1
Respuesta: 3 = x3 + 8 + c
x +8 3
2.3.-Encontrar: ( x + 2) s e n( x 2 + 4 x 6)dx
Solucin.- Sea la sustitucin: u = x 2 + 4 x 6 , donde: du = (2 x + 4)dx
1
Dado que: ( x + 2) s e n( x 2 + 4 x 6)dx = (2 x + 4) s e n( x 2 + 4 x 6)dx , se tiene:
2
29
1 1
=
2 (2 x + 4) s e n( x 2 + 4 x 6)dx = s e n udu , integral que es inmediata.
2
1 1 1 1
Luego: = s e n udu = ( cos u ) + c = cos u + c = cos( x 2 + 4 x 6) + c
2 2 2 2
1
Respuesta: ( x + 2) s e n( x 2 + 4 x 6)dx = cos( x 2 + 4 x 6) + c
2
2.4.-Encontrar: x s e n(1 x )dx 2
2
2.5.-Encontrar: x co g ( x + 1)dx
2
4
1 1
Se tiene que: (1 + y 4 ) 2 4 y 3 dy = w 2 dw , integral que es inmediata.
1 1
4 4
3
1 1w 2
1 3 1
Luego: w 2 dw = + c = w 2 + c = (1 + y 4 ) 2 + c
1 3
3
4 4 2 6 6
1
Respuesta: 1 + y 4 y 3 dy = (1 + y 4 ) 2 + c
3
6
3tdt
2.7.-Encontrar:
t +3
3 2
30
3tdt
3 2tdt
Dado que: =
t + 3 2 (t + 3) 3
2 1
3 2
3 2tdt 3 du
Se tiene que: 2 = 1 , integral que es inmediata
2 (t + 3)
1
3
2 u3
2
3 du 3 13 3u 3 9 23 9 2
= u du = + = + = + +c
2
Luego: 1
2
c u c ( t 3) 3
2 u 3
2 2 3 4 4
3tdt 9
Respuesta: = (t 2 + 3) 3 + c
2
t +3 4
3 2
dx
2.8.-Encontrar: 1 , a y b constantes.
(a + bx) 3
Solucin.- Sea: w = a + bx , donde: dw = bdx
2
1
dx 1 bdx 1 dw 1 1w3 3 23
Luego: = = = = + = w +c
3
w c
(a + bx) 3 b (a + bx) 3 b w 3 b
1 1 1
b 23 2b
3 2
= (a + bx) + c
3
2b
dx 3 2
Respuesta: = + +c
3
( a bx )
(a + bx) 3 2b
1
arcs e n x
2.9.-Encontrar: dx
1 x2
arcs e n x dx
Solucin.- dx = arcs e n x ,
1 x 2
1 x2
dx
Sea: u = arcs e n x , donde: du =
1 x2
dx 2 3 2
Luego: arcs e n x = u 2 du = u 2 + c = (arcs e n x)3 + c
1
1 x 2 3 3
arcs e n x 2
Respuesta: dx = (arcs e n x)3 + c
1 x 2
3
x
arc g
2.10.-Encontrar: 2 dx
4 + x2
x 1 1 2dx
Solucin.- Sea: w = arc g , donde: dw = ( )dx =
2 1+ ( 2 ) 2
x 2
4 + x2
x
arc g 2
1 x 2dx 1 1 2 1 x
Luego: 2 dx = arc g = wdw = w + c = arc g + c
4 + x2 2 2 4+ x
2
2 4 4 2
x
arc g 2
Respuesta: 2 dx = 1 arc g x + c
4 + x2 4 2
31
x arc g 2 x
2.11.-Encontrar: dx
1 + 4x2
x arc g 2 x xdx arc g 2 x
Solucin.- dx =
1+ 4x 2
1+ 4x 2
1 + 4 x2
2dx
Sea: u = 1 + 4 x 2 , donde: du = 8 xdx ; w = arc g 2 x , donde: dw =
1 + 4x2
xdx arc g 2 x 1 8 xdx 1 2dx
Luego: = arc g 2 x
1 + 4x 2
1+ 4x 2
8 1+ 4x 22
1 + 4x2
1 du 1 1 1 3 1 1
= w 2 dw = u w 2 + c = 1 + 4 x 2 (arc g 2 x) 2 + c
1 3
8 u 2 8 3 8 3
x arc g 2 x 1 1
Respuesta: dx = 1 + 4 x 2 (arc g 2 x) 2 + c
3
1+ 4x 2
8 3
dx
2.12.-Encontrar:
(1 + x 2 ) x + 1 + x 2
dx dx
Solucin.- =
(1 + x 2 ) x + 1 + x 2 1 + x2 x + 1 + x2
1 2x dx
Sea: u = x + 1 + x 2 , donde: du = (1 + ) du =
x + 1+ x 2
2 1+ x 2
1 + x2
dx du
= = u 2 du = 2u 2 + c = 2 x + 1 + x2 + c
1 1
Luego:
1 + x2 x + 1 + x2 u
dx
Respuesta: =2 x + 1 + x2 + c
(1 + x 2 ) x + 1 + x 2
co g ( x)
2.13.-Encontrar: dx
x
dx
Solucin.- Sea: w = x , donde: dw =
x
co g ( x)
Luego: dx = co gwdw = s e n w + c = s e n( x) + c
x
co g ( x)
Respuesta: dx = s e n( x) + c
x
dx
2.14.-Encontrar:
x ( x )3
dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = x , donde: du =
x
2
dx du u 1 1
Luego: = 3 = u 3 du = +c = 2 +c = +c
x( x) 3
u 2 2u 2( x) 2
32
dx 1
Respuesta: = +c
x( x) 3
2( x) 2
1
e x2
2.15.-Encontrar: 3 dx
x
1 2
Solucin.- Sea: w = 2 , donde: dw = 3 dx
x x
1
e x2 1 1 2dx 1 1 1 1 x2
Luego: 3 dx = e x2 3 = e w dw = e w + c = e + c
x 2 x 2 2 2
1
e x2 1 1 x2
Respuesta: 3 dx = e + c
x 2
2.16.-Encontrar: e x2 + 2
xdx
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 + 2 , donde: du = 2 xdx
1 1 1 1 2
Luego: e x + 2 xdx = e x + 2 (2 xdx) = eu du = eu + c = e x + 2 + c
2 2
2 2 2 2
1
Respuesta: e x + 2 xdx = e x + 2 + c
2 2
2
2.17.-Encontrar: x e dx 2 x3
3 3 3
1 3
Respuesta: x 2 e x dx = e x + c
3
3
2.18.-Encontrar: (e + 1) 2 e x dx
x
33
= u + c1 + w + c2 = e x + 1 + 1 + e x + C = e x + 1 1 + e x + c
ex 1
Respuesta: x dx = (e x + 1)(1 + e x ) + c , otra respuesta seria:
e +1
e 1
x
e x + 1dx = e + 1 x + c
x 2
e2 x 1
2.20.-Encontrar: 2 x dx
e +3
e 1
2x
e2 x e0
Solucin.- 2 x dx = 2 x dx 2 x dx
e +3 e +3 e +3
2 x 2 x
e 2x
e e e 2x
e 2 x e2 x e 2 x
= 2 x dx 2 x dx = 2 x dx 2 x 2 x dx = 2 x dx dx
e +3 e +3 e +3 e (e + 3) e +3 1 + 3e 2 x
Sea: u = e 2 x + 3 , donde: du = 2e 2 x dx ; w = 1 + 3e 2 x ,donde: dw = 6e 2 x dx
e2 x e 2 x 1 2e 2 x 1 6e 2 x 1 du 1 dw
Luego: 2 x dx dx =
2 u 6 w
2 x
dx = dx + 2 x
+
e +3 1 + 3e 2 e +3
2x
6 1 + 3e
1 1 1 1 1 1 3
u + w + c = e 2 x + 3 + 1 + 3e2 x + c = e2 x + 3 + 1 + 2 x + c
2 6 2 6 2 6 e
1 1 e2 x + 3 1 1 1
= e2 x + 3 + 2 x + c = e2 x + 3 + e2 x + 3 e2 x + c
2 6 e 2 6 6
= ( e 2 x + 3) + ( e 2 x + 3) 2 x + c = ( e2 x + 3) ( e 2 x + 3) + c
1/ 2 1/ 6 1 1/ 2 1/ 6 x
6 3
= ( e 2 x + 3)
x
2/3
+c
3
e 1
2x
Respuesta: 2 x dx = ( e 2 x + 3) + c
2/3 x
e +3 3
x +1
2
2.22.-Encontrar: dx
x 1
Solucin.- Cuando el grado del polinomio dividendo es MAYOR o IGUAL que el
grado del polinomio divisor, es necesario efectuar previamente la divisin de
polinomios. El resultado de la divisin dada es:
x2 + 1 2 x2 + 1 2 dx
= ( x + 1) + , Luego: dx = x + 1 + dx = xdx + dx + 2
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
Sea u = x 1 , donde du = dx
dx du x 2
Luego: xdx + dx + 2 = xdx + dx + 2 = + x + x 1 + c
x 1 u 2
x +1
2
x 2
Respuesta: dx = + x + x 1 + c
x 1 2
x+2
2.23.-Encontrar: dx
x +1
34
x+2 1 x+2 1 dx
Solucin.- = 1+ , Luego: dx = 1 + dx = dx +
x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1
Sea u = x + 1 , donde du = dx
du
dx + u = x + u + c =x + x + 1 + c
x+2
Respuesta: dx = x + x + 1 + c
x +1
2.24.-Encontrar: g 5 x sec2 xdx
Solucin.- Sea: w = gx , donde: dw = sec 2 x
( gx) g6x
6
w6
Luego: g x sec xdx = ( gx) sec xdx = w dw =
5 2 5 2
+c =
5
+c = +c
6 6 6
g6x
Respuesta: g 5 x sec 2 xdx = +c
6
2.25.-Encontrar: s e n x sec 2 xdx
1 sen x
Solucin.- s e n x sec 2 xdx = s e n x 2
dx = dx
cos x cos 2 x
Sea: u = cos x , donde: du = s e n x
sen x s e n xdx du u 1 1 1
Luego: dx = = = u 2
du = +c = +c = +c
2
cos x cos x2
u 1 u cos x
Respuesta: s e n x sec 2 xdx = sec x + c
sec2 3xdx
2.26.-Encontrar:
1 + g 3x
Solucin.- Sea: u = 1 + g 3 xdx , donde: du = 3sec 2 3xdx
sec2 3 xdx 1 3sec 2 3 xdx 1 du 1 1
Luego: = = = u + c = 1 + g 3x + c
1 + g 3x 3 1 + g 3x 3 u 3 3
sec 2 3 xdx 1
Respuesta: = 1 + g 3x + c
1 + g 3x 3
2.27.-Encontrar: s e n 3 x cos xdx
Solucin.- Sea: w = s e n x , donde: dw = cos xdx
w4 s e n4 x
Luego: s e n 3 x cos xdx = (s e n x)3 cos xdx = w3 dw = + c = +c
4 4
s e n4 x
Respuesta: s e n 3 x cos xdx = +c
4
2.28.-Encontrar: cos 4 x s e n xdx
Solucin.- Sea: u = cos x , donde: du = s e n x
Luego: cos 4 x s e n xdx = (cos x) 4 s e n xdx = (cos x) 4 ( s e n x) dx = u 4 du
35
u5 cos x5 cos5 x
= +c = +c = +c
5 5 5
cos5 x
Respuesta: cos 4 x s e n xdx = +c
5
sec5
2.29.-Encontrar: dx
cos ecx
1
sec5 5 sen x
Solucin.- dx = cos x dx = dx
cos ecx 1 (cos x)5
sen x
Sea: w = cos x , donde: dw = s e n xdx
sen x dw w4 1 1 1
Luego: dx = = w 5
dw = +c = +c = +c
(cos x) 5
w5
4 4w 4
4 cos 4 x
sec 4 x
= +c
4
sec5 sec 4 x
Respuesta: dx = +c
cos ecx 4
2.30.-Encontrar: e g 2 x sec2 2 xdx
Solucin.- Sea: u = g 2 x , donde: du = 2sec 2 2 xdx
1 1 1 1
Luego: e g 2 x sec2 2 xdx = e g 2 x (2sec2 2 xdx) = eu du = eu + c = e g 2 x + c
2 2 2 2
1
Respuesta: e g 2 x sec2 2 xdx = e g 2 x + c
2
2x 5
2.31.-Encontrar: 2 dx
3x 2
Solucin.- Sea: w = 3x 2 2 , donde: dw = 6 xdx
2x 5 1 3(2 x 5) 1 6 x 15 1 6 xdx 15 dx
Luego: 2 dx = dx = 2 dx = 2 2
3x 2 3 3x 2
2
3 3x 2 3 3x 2 3 3x 2
1 6 xdx dx 1 6 xdx 5 dx 1 6 xdx 5 dx
= 2 5 = 2 2 2 = 2 2
3 3x 2 3( x 3 ) 3 3x 2 3 ( x 3 ) 3 3 x 2 3 x ( 23 ) 2
2 2
1 dw 5 dx 1 5 dx
2
3 w 3 x ( 3) 3
2 2
= w + c1 2
3 x ( 23 ) 2
; Sea: v = x , donde: dv = dx
1 5 dv
Adems: a = 2 ; se tiene: w + c1 2 2
3 v a
3
3
1 5 1 va 1 5 1 x 2
= 3x 2 2 + c1 + c2 = 3x 2 2 3
+C
3 3 2a v+a 3 3 2 2 3 x+ 2
3
1 5 3x 2 1 5 3x 2
= 3x 2 2 + C = 3x 2 2 +C
3 32 2 3x + 2 3 2 6 3x + 2
36
2x 5 1 5 3x 2
Respuesta: dx = 3 x 2 2 +C
3x 2
2
3 2 6 3x + 2
dx
2.32.-Encontrar:
x 4 9 2x
dx dx
Solucin.- =
x 4 9 2x x 22 (3 x) 2
3dx
Sea: u = 3 x , donde: du =
x
dx 1 3dx 1 du 1 u
Luego: = = = arcs e n + c
x 2 (3 x)
2 2 3 x 2 (3 x)
2 2 3 2 (u )
2 2 3 2
1 3 x 1
+ c = arcs e n x 2 + c
3
= arcs e n
3 2 3
dx 1
Respuesta: = arcs e n x 2 + c
3
x 4 9 2x 3
dx
2.33.-Encontrar:
ex 1
e x dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = e x 1 , donde: du = ; Tal que: e x = u 2 + 1
2 e 1
x
dx 2du du
Luego: = 2 = 2 2 = 2 arc gu + c = 2 arc g e x + 1 + c
e 1
x u + 1 u + 1
dx
Respuesta: = 2 arc g e x + 1 + c
e 1
x
x2 + 2 x + 2
2.34.-Encontrar: dx
x +1
x2 + 2 x + 2 ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + 1 ( x + 1) 2 + 1 ( x + 1) 2 + 1
Solucin.- dx = dx = dx = dx
x +1 x +1 x +1 x +1
1 dx
= (x +1+ )dx = xdx + dx + , Sea: w = x + 1 , donde: dw = dx
x +1 x +1
dx dw x 2
Luego: xdx + dx + = xdx + dx + = + x+ w +c
x +1 w 2
2
x
= + x + x +1 + c
2
x2 + 2 x + 2 x2
Respuesta: dx = + x + x + 1 + c
x +1 2
2x
e
2.35.-Encontrar: dx
ex + 1
Solucin.- Sea: u = e x + 1 , donde: du = e x dx
37
1
u 1
3
e2 x u2 u 2
Luego: dx = 1 du = (u 2 u 2 )du = u 2 du u 2 du =
1 1
+c
1 1
ex + 1 u2 3
2
1
2
3 1
u 2
u 2
= + c = 23 u 2 12 u 2 + c = (e x + 1)3 2 (e x + 1) + c
3 1
2
3 1 3
2 2
e2 x
Respuesta: dx = 2
3 (e x + 1)3 2 (e x + 1) + c
e +1
x
2 x dx
2.36.-Encontrar:
4x x
dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = 4 x , donde: du = ; adems: 4 x = (2 2 x) = 2 + 2 x
x
u = 2 + 2x 2x = u 2
2 x dx u 2 2 du
Luego: = du = du du = du 2 = u 2 u + c
4x x u u u
= 4 x 2 [ ( 4 x)] + c
2 x dx
Respuesta: = 4 x 2 [ ( 4 x) ] + c
4x x
2.37.-Encontrar: x(3 x + 1)7 dx
w 1
Solucin.- Sea: w = 3x + 1 , donde: dw = 3dx ; adems: w 1 = 3x x =
3
w 1 7 dw 1 1
Luego: x(3 x + 1)7 dx = w = ( w 1) w7 dw = ( w8 w7 )dw
3 3 9 9
9 8
1 1 1w 1w 1 1
= w8 dw w7 dw = + c = w9 w8 + c
9 9 9 9 9 8 81 72
1 1
= (3x + 1)9 (3x + 1)8 + c
81 72
(3x + 1)9 (3 x + 1)8
Respuesta: x(3 x + 1)7 dx = +c
81 72
x2 5x + 6
2.38.-Encontrar: dx
x2 + 4
x2 5x + 6 2 5x
Solucin.- dx = 1 + 2
x +4
2
x +4
x 5x + 6
2
2 5x dx xdx
Luego: dx = (1 + 2 )dx = dx + 2 2 5 2
x +4
2
x +4 x +4 x +4
Sea: u = x + 4 , donde: du = 2 xdx ; Entonces:
2
x 5 du x 5 x 5
= x + arc g =x + arc g u + c = x + arc g x 2 + 4 + c
2 2 u 2 2 2 2
x 5x + 6
2
x 5
Respuesta: dx = x + arc g x 2 + 4 + c
x +4
2
2 2
38
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
Usando Esencialmente la tcnica de integracin por sustitucin, encontrar las
siguientes integrales:
2.39.- 3x e x dx adx 4t + 6
2.40.- 2.41.- dt
ax 2t + 1
1 3x xdx ax b
2.42.- dx 2.43.- 2.44.- dx
3 + 2x a + bx x+
3t 2 + 3 x2 + 5x + 7 x4 + x2 + 1
2.45.- dt 2.46.- dx 2.47.- dx
t 1 x+3 x 1
b
2 x bdy
2.48.- a + 2.49.- dx 2.50.-
dx ( x + 1) 2 1 y
xa
2.51.- a bxdx 2.52.-
xdx x + x
2.53.- dx
x +1 2
x
2.54.-
dx x3 dx y2 5 y + 6
2.55.- 2 2.56.- dy
3x 2 + 5 a x2 y2 + 4
6t 15 3 2x 3x + 1
2.57.- dt 2.58.- 2 dx 2.59.- dx
3t 2 2 5x + 7 5x2 + 1
xdx xdx ax + b
2.60.- 2 2.61.- 2 2.62.- 2 2 dx
x 5 2x + 3 a x + b2
xdx x 2 dx x 2 dx
2.63.- 2.64.- 2.65.-
a4 x4 1 + x6 x6 1
x arc g 3x arc g ( 3x )
2.66.- dx 2.67.-
arcs e n t
dt 2.68.- dx
1 + 9 x2 4 4t 2 9 + x2
2.69.-
dt 2.70.- ae mx dx 2.71.- 423 x dx
(9 + 9t 2 ) t + 1 + t 2
ax x2 x
2.78.- x7 x dx 2.80.- e x a be x dx
2
et dt
2.79.-
et 1
2.81.- (e a + 1) 3 e a dx
x 1 x
dx a x dx
2.82.- x 2.83.- ;a > 0
2 +3 1 + a2 x
e bx et dt 2.86.- cos dx
x
2.84.- dx 2.85.-
1 e2bx 1 e 2t 2
2.87.- s e n(a + bx)dx 2.88.- cos x
dx
2.89.- s e n( x)
dx
x x
2.90.- (cos ax + s e n ax) 2 dx 2.91.- s e n xdx
2
2.92.- cos 2 xdx
39
2.93.- sec 2 (ax + b)dx 2.94.- cos g 2 axdx 2.95.-
dx
s e n ax
dx dx xdx
2.96.- 2.97.- 2.98.-
3cos(5 x 4 ) s e n(ax + b) cos 2 x 2
x dx dx
2.99.- co g dx 2.100.- g x 2.101.-
a b x g 5x
2
dx cos ax
2.102.-
1
1 dx 2.103.- 2.104.- dx
sen x 2 s e n x cos x s e n 5 ax
2.105.- t s e n(1 2t 2 )dt 2.106.-
s e n 3x
dx 2.107.- g 3 3x sec 2 3x dx
3 + cos 3 x
2.108.-
s e n x cos x gx 2.110.- cos ax s e n ax dx
dx 2.109.- dx
cos x s e n x
2 2
cos 2 x
2.120.- 3 2 + 3x 2
dx 2.122.- dx
x4 4x + 1 2 + 3x 2
g 3 x co g 3x dx 1+ s e n x
2.123.- dx 2.124.- 2.125.- dx
s e n 3x ex x + cos x
sec 2 xdx 2.127.-
dx 2.128.- a s e n x cos xdx
2.126.-
g2x 2 x x 2
x2 2.130.-
xdx 2.131.- g 2 axdx
2.129.- dx
x3 + 1 1 x4
sec 2 xdx 2.133.-
dx 3 1+ x
2.132.- 2.134.- dx
4 g 2 x cos x a x
dx xdx s e n x cos x
2.135.- g x 1 2.136.- 2.137.- dx
x 1 s e n x2 s e n x + cos x
arc gx
+ x (1 + x 2 ) + 1 2.140.- es e n x s e n 2 xdx
2
e x 2 dx
2.138.- 2.139.- 2
1 + x2 x 2
(1 s e n x2 ) 2 5 3x ds
2.141.- dx 2.142.- dx 2.143.-
s e n x2 4 3x 2 e +1 s
d es 2.146.- s e n( 2T t + 0 )dt
2.144.- 2.145.- ds
s e n a cos a e2 s 2
40
2.147.-
arc cos x 2
dx 2.148.-
dx 2.149.- e gx sec 2 xdx
4 x2 x(4 2 x)
s e n x cos x 2.151.- dt
2.150.- dx 2.152.-
2sen x s ecx gx s e n t cos 2 t
2
4
dx
s ec 2 x + 1
arc s e n x + x xdx 2.155.- x(5 x 2 3)7 dx
2.153.- dx 2.154.-
1 x2 x +1
s e n3 x cos xdx
( x + x 2 + 1) 2.157.- 2.158.-
2.156.- dx cos x
dx
1+ s e n2 x
x2 + 1
2.150.- e x + e dx 2.161.- t (4t + 1)7 dt
x
(arcs e n x) 2
2.159.- dx
1 x2
2t 2 10t + 12 et e t
2.162.- dt 2.163.- dt
t2 + 4 et + e t
RESPUESTAS
2.39.- 3x e x dx , Sea: u = x, du = dx, a = 3e
au (3e) x (3e) x 3x e x 3x e x
(3e) dx = (a) du = +c = +c = +c = +c = +c
x u
a (3e) 3 e 3 + e 3 +1
adx
2.40.- , Sea: u = a x, du = dx
ax
adx du
a x = a u = a u + c = a a x + c
4t + 6 2t + 3 2
2.41.- dt , Sea: u = 2t + 1, du = 2dt ; = 1+
2t + 1 2t + 1 2t + 1
4t + 6 2 2 du
2t + 1 dt = 2 1 + 2t + 1 dt = 2 dt + 2 2t + 1 dt =2 dt + 2 u =2t + 2 u + c
= 2t + 2 2t + 1 + c
11
1 3x 1 3x 3
2.42.- dx , Sea: u = 3 + 2 x, du = 2dx ; = + 2
3 + 2x 3 + 2x 2 2x + 3
1 3x 3 11
3 11 dx 3 11 du
3 + 2 x 2 2 x + 3 dx = 2 dx + 4 2 x + 3 = 2 dx + 4 u
= + 2
dx
3 11
x+ 2x + 3 + c
2 4
a
xdx x 1
2.43.- , Sea: u = a + bx, du = bdx ; = b
a + bx a + bx b a + bx
xdx 1 a dx 1 a du 1 a x a
a + bx = b dx b a + bx = b dx b2 u = b x b2 u + c = b b2 a + bx + c
41
+b
ax b ax b a
2.44.- dx , Sea: u = x + , du = dx ; =
x+ ax + b x
a + b
+b
ax b a a a a + b dx
x + dx = x dx = dx x + dx = dx a + b
a a + b du a a + b a a + b
= dx = x u +c = x x+ +c
2
u 2
2
3t 2 + 3 t2 +1 2
2.45.- dt , Sea: u = t 1, du = dt ; = t +1+
t 1 t 1 t 1
3t + 3
2
2 2 3 2
t 1 dt = 3 t + 1 + t 1 dt = 3 tdt + 3 dt + 3 t 1 dt = 2 t + 3t + 6 u + c
3
= t 2 + 3t + 6 t 1 + c
2
x2 + 5x + 7 x2 + 5x + 7 1
2.46.- dx , Sea: u = t 1, du = t + 1 ; = x+2+
x+3 x+3 x+3
x2 + 5x + 7 1 1 x 2
x + 3 dx = x + 2 + x + 3 dx = xdx + 2 dx + x + 3 dx = 2 + 2 x + u + c
x2 x2
= + 2x + u + c = + 2x + x + 3 + c
2 2
x + x +1
4 2
2.47.- dx , Sea: u = x 1, du = dx ;
x 1
x4 + x2 + 1 3 3 dx
x 1 dx = x + x + 2 x + 2 + x 1 dx = x dx + x dx + 2 dx + 3 x 1
2 3 2
x 4 x3 x 4 x3
= + + x2 + 2 + 3 u + c = + + x2 + 2 x + 3 x 1 + c
4 3 4 3
2
b
2.48.- a + dx , Sea: u = x a, du = dx
xa
2 2ab b2
2
b dx dx
x a
+ = x a ( x a)2 dx = a dx + 2ab x a + b ( x a)2
+ + 2 2
a dx a
du du u 1 b2
= a 2 dx + 2ab + b 2 2 = a 2 x + 2ab u + b 2 + c = a 2 x + 2ab x a + c 2.
u u 1 xa
x
49.- dx , Sea: u = x + 1, du = dx
( x + 1) 2
x ( x + 1) 1 x +1 dx dx dx u 1
( x + 1)2 ( x + 1)2
dx = dx = ( x + 1)2 ( x + 1)2 u u 2
dx = = u
1
+c
42
1
= x +1 + +c
x +1
bdy
2.50.- , Sea: u = 1 y, du = dy
1 y
bdy du
1 y = b u = b u 2 du = 2bu 2 + c = 2b(1 y) 2 + c
1 1 1
1
xdx 1 du 1 12 1 u2
= = u du = + c =( x 2 + 1) 2 + c
1
x +1 2
1
2
u 2 2 2
x + x dx
2.53.- dx , Sea: u = x, du =
x x
x + x x x1/ 2
u2
x x
1/ 2 1/ 2
dx = x dx + dx = x dx + udu = + +c
1/ 2 2
2x
=2 x+ +c
2
dx
2.54.- 2 , Sea: u 2 = 3 x 2 , u = 3 x, du = 3dx ; a 2 = 5; a = 5
3x + 5
dx 1 du 1 1 u 1 1 3x 15 3x
3x 2 + 5 = 3 u 2 + a 2 = 3 a arc tg a + c = 3 5 arc tg 5 + c = 15 arc tg 5 + c
x3dx
2.55.- , Sea: u = x 2 a 2 , du = 2 xdx
a2 x2
x 3dx a 2 xdx xdx a 2 du
a2 x2
= x2 a2 = x2 a2
=
2 u
2
xdx xdx a xdx
x2 a2 x2 a2
= u +c = x2 a2 + c
2 2 2 2
y2 5 y + 6
2.56.- dy , Sea: u = y 2 + 4, du = 2 ydy
y +4
2
y2 5 y + 6 5 y + 2 5 y + 2 ydy dy
y 2 + 4 dy = (1 + y 2 + 4 )dy = dy + y 2 + 4 dy = dy 5 y 2 + 4 + 2 y 2 + 22
y y
= y 5 u + 2 1 arc g + c = y 5 y 2 + 4 + arc g + c
2 2 2 2 2
6t 15
2.57.- 2 dt , Sea: u = 3t 2 2, du = 6tdt ; w = 3t , dw = 3dt
3t 2
43
6t 15 tdt dt tdt dt
3t 2
2
dt = 6 2
3t 2
15 2
3t 2
= 6 2
3t 2
15
( 3t ) 2 ( 2) 2
du 15 dw 15 3 1 w 2
= = u +c
u 3 w ( 2)
2 2
3 2 2 w+ 2
5 6 t 3 2
= 3t 2 2 +c
4 t 3+ 2
3 2x
2.58.- dx , Sea: u = 5 x 2 + 7, du = 10 xdx; w = 5 x, dw = 5dx
5x + 7
2
3 2x dx dx dx 2 du
5 x 2 + 7dx = 3 5 x2 + 7 2 5x 2 + 7 = 3 ( 5x )2 + ( 7)2 10 u
3 dw 1 du 3 1 x 5 1
=
5 w + ( 7) 5 u
2 2
=
5 7
arc g u +c
7 5
3 35 5 1
= arc gx 5x2 + 7 + c
35 7 5
3x + 1
2.59.- dx , Sea: u = 5 x 2 + 1, du = 10 xdx; w = x 5, dw = 5dx
5x + 1
2
3x + 1 xdx dx xdx dx
5 x2 + 1dx = 3 5 x2 + 1 + ( x 5)2 + 12 = 3 5 x 2 + 1 + ( x 5)2 + 12
1
3 du 1 dw 3 u2 1
= + = + w + w2 + 1 + c
10 u 5 w + 1 10 1 2
2 2
5
3 1
= 5x2 + 1 + x 5 + 5x2 + 1 + c
5 5
xdx
2.60.- 2 , Sea: u = x 2 + 5, du = 2 xdx
x 5
xdx 1 du 1 1
x2 5 = 2 u = 2 u + c = 2 x 5 + c
2
xdx
2.61.- , Sea: u = 2 x 2 + 3, du = 4 xdx
2x + 3
2
xdx 1 du 1 1
2x2 + 3 = 4 u = 4 u + c = 4 2x + 3 + c
2
ax + b
2.62.- 2 2 dx , Sea: u = a 2 x 2 + b 2 , du = 2a 2 xdx; w = ax, dw = adx
a x +b 2
ax + b xdx dx a du b dw
a 2 x 2 + b2 dx = a a 2 x 2 + b2 + b a 2 x 2 + b2 = 2a 2 u + a w2 + b2
1 b 1 w 1 1 ax
= u+ arc g + c = a 2 x 2 + b 2 + arc g + c
2 a b b 2 a b
44
xdx
2.63.- , Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
a x4 4
xdx xdx 1 du 1 u
a x
= =
2 = arcs e n 2 + c
( a 2 )2 u 2 2 a
4 4
( a 2 )2 ( x2 )2
1 x2
= arcs e n 2 + c
2 a
2
x dx
2.64.- , Sea: u = x3 , du = 3x 2 dx
1+ x 6
2
x dx x 2 dx 1 du 1 1
1 + x6 = 1 + ( x3 )2 = 3 1 + u 2 = 3 arc g u + c = 3 arc gx + c
3
x 2 dx
2.65.- , Sea: u = x3 , du = 3x 2 dx
x 16
2
x dx x 2 dx 1 du 1 1
x 1
6
=
(x ) 1
3 2
= = u + u 2 1 + c = x3 + x 6 1 + c
3 u 1 3
2 3
x arc g 3x 3dx
2.66.- dx , Sea: u = 1 + 9 x 2 , du = 18 xdx; w = arc g 3 x, dw =
1+ 9x 2
1 + 9 x2
x arc g 3x xdx arc g 3x 1 du 1
1 + 9 x2 dx = 1 + 9 x 2 1 + 9 x 2 dx = 18 u 3 w 2 dw
1
2(arc g 3 x) 2
3 3
1 1w2 1
= u +c = 1+ 9x
2
+c
18 33 18 9
2
arcs e n t dt
2.67.- dt , Sea: u = arcs e n t , du =
4 4t 2
1 t2
3
arcs e n t 1 arcs e n t 1 arcs e n t 1 1 u 2
1 3
4 4t 2
dt =
2 1 t 2
dt =
2 1 t2
dt = udu =
2 2 3
+c = u 2 +c
3
2
1
= (arcs e n t )3 + c
3
arc g ( 3x ) 3dx
2.68.- dx , Sea: u = arc g 3x , du =
9+ x 2
9 + x2
arc g ( 3x ) 1 1 u2 1 2 arc g ( 3x ) 2
9 + x2 dx =
3
udu =
3 2
+ c =
6
u + c =
6
+c
dt dt
2.69.- , Sea: u = t + 1 + t 2 , du =
(9 + 9t 2 ) t + 1 + t 2 1+ t2
1
1 dt 1 du 1 u 2 2 2
= = = +c = u +c = t + 1+ t 2 + c
3 (1 + t 2 ) 3 u 3 1 3 3
t + 1+ t2 2
45
2.70.- ae mx dx , Sea: u = mx, du = mdx
a u a a
ae dx = a e mx dx =
mx
e du = eu + c = e mx + c
m m m
2.71.- 42 3 x dx , Sea: u = 2 3x, du = 3dx; a = 4
1 u 1 au 4 2 3 x
4 dx = 3
2 3 x
a du = + c = +c
3 a 3 4
2.72.- (et e t )dt , Sea: u = t , du = dt
(e e t )dt = et dt e t dt = et dt eu dt = et + eu + c = et + e t + c
t
2.73.- e ( x +1)
Sea: u = x 2 1, du = 2 xdx
2
xdx ,
1 u 1 1 1
e xdx = e x 1 xdx =
( x 2 +1)
e du = eu + c = e ( x +1) + c = x2 +1 + c
2 2
2 2 2 2e
2 x 2 dx 2 x 2dx
2.74.- (e a e a ) 2 dx , Sea: u = , du = ; w = , dw =
x x
a a a a
(e a e a ) dx = (e a + 2e a e a + e a )dx = e a dx + 2 dx + e a dx
x x 2 2x x x 2 x 2x 2 x
a u a a a a 2x a 2x
=
2 e du + 2 dx e w dw = eu + 2 x e w + c = e a + 2 x e a + c
2 2 2 2 2
a 1
2x
2.75.- dx , Sea: u = 2x , du = dx2 ; w = 32x , dw = 32dx
x
a
a 1
2x
a 2 x dx dx
ax a x a x = a 2 dx a 2 dx = a 2 dx a 2 dx
2 x x x x
=
3x
dx
3x x 3x
2 w 2 aw au 2a 2 a 2 2 a 2
= a dw + 2 a du =
x
u
+2 +c = +2 +c = ( + a 2)+c
3 3 a a 3 a a a 3
1
ex 1 dx
2.76.- 2 dx , Sea: u = , du = 2
x x x
1
e x
x 2 dx = e du = e + c = e x + c = e + c
u u 1
x
dx dx
2.77.- 5 x , Sea: u = x , du =
x 2 x
dx 2 5u 25 x
5 = 2 5u du = +c = +c
x
x 5 5
2.78.- x7 x dx , Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
2
2
1 u 1 7u 1 7x
=
2
= + = +c
x2
x 7 dx 7 du c
2 7 2 7
et dt
2.79.- , Sea: u = et 1, du = et dt
et 1
46
et dt du
et 1 = u = u + c = e 1 + c
t
2.80.- e x a be x dx , Sea: u = a be x , du = be x dx
3
1 1u 2 2 3 2
e a be dx = udu = + c = u 2 + c = (a be x ) 2 + c
x x 3
b b 2
3 3b 3b
x
ea
2.81.- (e a + 1) 3 e a dx , Sea: u = e a +1
, du =
x 1 x x
dx
a
3a(e a + 1) 3
4 x 4
au 3
(e + 1) e dx = e + 1e dx = a u du = 4 + c = +c
x 1 x 3 xa x 1
a 3 a a 3
4
3
dx
2.82.- x , Sea: u = 2 x + 3, du = 2 x 2dx
2 +3
dx 1 3dx 1 2x + 3 2x 1 2x + 3 1 2x 1 1 du
2x + 3 3 2x + 3 3 2x + 3
= = dx =
3 2 +3
x
dx
3 2 +3
x
dx = dx
3 3 u
1 1 1 1 1 2 +3
x
= x u +c = x u +c = x +c
3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2
a x dx
2.83.- , Sea: u = a x , du = a x adx; a > 0
1+ a 2x
x
a dx a x dx 1 du 1 1
1 + a 2 x 1 + (a x )2 = a 1 + u 2 = a arc gu + c = a arc ga + c
= x
e bx
2.84.- dx , Sea: u = e bx , du = be bx dx
1 e2bx
e bx e bx 1 du 1 du 1 u 1
1 e2bx dx = 1 (ebx )2 dx = b 1 u 2 = b (1)(u 2 1) = 2b u + 1 + c
1 e bx 1
= bx +c.
2b e +1
et dt
2.85.- , Sea: u = et , du = et dt
1 e 2t
t
e dt et dt du
1 e 2t
=
1 (e ) t 2
=
1 u 2
= arcs e n u + c = arcs e n et + c
x x dx
2.86.- cos dx , , du = Sea: u =
2 2 2
x x
cos 2 dx = 2 cos udu = 2 s e n u + c = 2 s e n 2 + c
2.87.- s e n(a + bx)dx , Sea: u = a + bx, du = bdx
1 1 1
s e n(a + bx)dx = b s e n udu = b cos u + c = b cos(a + bx) + c
47
dx dx
2.88.- cos x , Sea: u = x , du =
x 2 x
dx
cos x
x
= 2 cos udu = 2s e n u + c = 2s e n x + c
dx dx
2.89.- s e n( x) , Sea: u = x, du =
x x
dx
s e n( x) x = s e n udu = cos u + c = cos x + c
2.90.- (cos ax + s e n ax) 2 dx , Sea: u = 2ax, du = 2adx
2 2 2 2 4 2 4
1 1
= x s e n 2x + c
2 4
2.92.- cos 2 xdx , Sea: u = 2 x, du = 2dx
1 + cos 2 x 1 1 1 1 1 1
cos xdx = dx = dx + cos 2 xdx = dx + cos udu = x + s e n u + c
2
2 2 2 2 4 2 4
1 1
= x + s e n 2x + c
2 4
2.93.- sec 2 (ax + b)dx , Sea: u = ax + b, du = adx
1 1 1
sec (ax + b)dx = a sec udu = gu + c = g (ax + b) = + c
2 2
a a
2.94.- co g axdx ,
2
Sea: u = ax, du = adx
1 1 1 1
co g axdx = a co g udu = a (cos ec u 1)du = a cos ec udu a du
2 2 2 2
co gu u co gax a x co gax
= +c = +c = x+c
a a a a a
dx
2.95.- , Sea: u = x a , du = dx a
s e n ax
dx
s e n ax = cos ec ax dx = a cos ecudu = a cos ecu co gu + c
= a cos ec x a co g x a + c
48
Sea: u = 5 x , du = 5dx
dx
2.96.- ,
3cos(5 x 4 ) 4
dx 1 1 1
3cos(5 x 4 ) = 3 sec(5 x 4 )dx = 15 sec udu = 15 sec u + gu + c
1
= sec(5 x 4 ) + g (5 x 4 ) + c
15
dx
2.97.- , Sea: u = ax + b, du = adx
s e n(ax + b)
dx 1 1
s e n(ax + b) = cos ec(ax + b)dx = a cos ecudu = a cos ecu co gu + c
1
= cos ec(ax + b) co g (ax + b) + c
a
xdx
2.98.- , Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
cos 2 x 2
xdx 1 1 1
cos2 x2 = x sec x dx = 2 sec udu = 2 gu + c = 2 gx + c
2 2 2 2
x x dx
2.99.- co g dx , Sea: u = , du =
a b a b a b
x x
co g a b dx = (a b) co gudu = (a b) s e n u + c = (a b) s e n a b + c
dx dx
2.100.- g x , Sea: u = x , du =
x 2 x
dx
g x x = 2 gudu = 2 sec u + c = 2 sec x + c
dx
2.101.- , Sea: u = x , du = dx
g 5x 5 5
dx
g x = co g 5x dx = 5 co gudu = 5 s e n u + c = 5 s e n x 5 + c
5
2
1
2.102.- 1 dx , Sea: u = x 2, du = 2dx
sen x 2
2
1
s e n x 2 1 dx = (cos ecx 2 1) dx = (cos ec x 2 2 cos ecx 2 + 1)dx
2 2
1 2
= cos ec 2 x 2dx 2 cos ecx 2dx + dx = 2
cos ec 2udu cos ecudu + dx
2
1
= co gu 2 cos ecu co gu + x + c
2
1
= co gx 2 2 cos ecx 2 co gx 2 + x + c
2
49
dx
2.103.- , Sea: u = 2 x, du = 2dx
s e n x cos x
dx dx
s e n x cos x = 1 s e n 2 x = 2 cos ec2 xdx = cos ecudu = cos ecu co gu + c
2
= cos ec 2 x co g 2 x + c
cos ax
2.104.- dx , Sea: u = s e n ax, du = a cos axdx
s e n 5 ax
cos ax 1 du 1 u 4 u 4 s e n 4 ax 1
s e n 5 ax a u 5 a 4
dx = = + c =
4a
+ c =
4a
+c =
4a s e n 4 ax
+c
4 4 4
s e n 3x
2.106.- dx , Sea: u = 3 + cos 3x, du = 3s e n 3xdx
3 + cos 3x
s e n 3x 1 du 1 1
3 + cos 3xdx = 3 u = 3 u + c = 3 3 + cos 3x + c
2.107.- g 3 3x sec 2 3x dx , Sea: u = g ( x 3 ), du = 13 sec2 ( x 3 )dx
3u 4 3 g 4 ( x 3 )
g 3x sec 3x dx = 3 u du = +c = +c
3 2 3
4 4
s e n x cos x
2.108.- dx , Sea: u = cos 2 x, du = 2s e n 2 xdx
cos 2 x s e n 2 x
1 1
s e n x cos x s e n x cos x 1 s e n 2 x 1 du 1 u 2 u2
cos2 x s e n 2 x dx = cos 2 x dx = 4 cos 2 x = 4 u = 4 12 + c = 2 + c
cos 2 x
= +c
2
gx
2.109.- dx , Sea: u = gx, du = sec 2 xdx
cos 2 x
gx
3
u2 2 3 2 3
cos2 x = = = + c = u 2 + c = g 2x + c
2 1
dx gx sec xdx u 2
du
3 3 3
2
2.110.- cos ax s e n ax dx , Sea: u = 2 x , du = 2dx
a
1 a a a
cos ax s e n ax dx = 2 s e n 2ax dx = 4 s e n udu = 4 cos u + c = 4 cos 2ax + c
2.111.- t co g (2t 2 3)dt , Sea: u = 2t 3 3, du = 4tdt
1 1 1
t co g (2t 3)dt = co gudu = s e n u + c = s e n(2t 2 3) + c
2
4 4 4
50
x 3 dx
2.112.- , Sea: u = x 4 , du = 4 x3 dx
x +5
8
3
x dx x3 dx 1 du 1 1 u 5 x4
x8 + 5 ( x 4 )2 + ( 5)2 4 u 2 + ( 5)2 4 5
= = = arc g
5
+ c =
20
arc g
5
+c
5 + 3cos 2 x
3
1 1 1u 2 2 3
= s e n 2 xdx = u 2 du = +c = u 2 +c
2 3 3 3 9
2
3
2 5 + 3cos 2 x 2
= +c
9 2
2.115.- x 5 5 x 2 dx , Sea: u = 5 x 2 , du = 2 xdx
5(5 x 2 ) 5
6 6
1 15 1u5 5 65
x 5 x dx = 2 u du = 2 6 + c = 12 u + c = 12 + c
5 2
5
1 + s e n 3x
2.116.- dx , Sea: u = s e n 3x, du = 3dx; w = cos u, dw = s e n udu
cos 2 3x
1 + s e n 3x dx s e n 3x 1 1 senu
cos2 3x dx = cos2 3x + cos2 3xdx = 3 s ec udu + 3 cos2 u du
2
1 1 dw 1 1 1 1 1 1
= s ec 2udu 2 = gu + + c = gu + + c = g 3x + +c
3 3 w 3 3w 3 3cos u 3 3cos 3x
(cos ax + s e n ax) 2
2.117.- dx , Sea: u = ax, du = adx
s e n ax
(cos ax + s e n ax) 2 cos 2 ax + 2 cos ax s e n ax + s e n 2 ax
s e n ax
dx = s e n ax
dx
cos 2 ax cos ax s e n ax s e n 2 ax
= dx + 2 dx + dx
s e n ax s e n ax s e n ax
1 s e n 2 ax
= dx + 2 cos axdx + s e n axdx
s e n ax
dx
= + 2 cos axdx
s e n ax
1 2
= cos ecaxdx + 2 cos axdx = cos ecudu + cos udu
a a
51
1 2 1 2
= cos ecu co gu + s e n u + c = cos ecax co gax + s e n ax + c
a a a a
x3 1
2.118.- dx , Sea: u = x + 1, du = dx
x +1
x3 1 2 2
x + 1 dx = ( x x + 1 x + 1)dx = x dx xdx + dx x + 1 dx
2 2
du x3 x 2
= x 2 dx xdx + dx 2 = + x 2 x +1 + c
u 3 2
2
cos ec 3xdx
2.119.- , Sea: u = b a co g 3 x, du = 3a cos ec 2 3 xdx
b a co g 3 x
cos ec 2 3 xdx 1 du 1 1
b a co g 3x = 3a u = 3a u + c = 3a b a co g 3x + c
x3 1
2.120.- dx , Sea: u = x 4 4 x + 1, du = (4 x3 4)dx
x 4x + 1
4
x 1
3
1 (4 x3 4)dx 1 du 1 1
x4 4 x + 1 4 x4 4 x + 1 = 4 u = 4 u + c = 4 x 4 x + 1 + c
= 4
dx
1 u 1 1 2
xe
x2
dx = e du = eu + c = e x + c
2 2 2
3 2 + 3x2
2.122.- dx , Sea: u = x 3, du = 3dx; a = 2
2 + 3x 2
3 2 + 3x 2 (2 + 3x 2 ) 2
1
dx
2 + 3x 2 dx = 3 ( 2)2 + ( 3x)2 2 + 3x 2 dx
1
(2 + 3x 2 )
2
3 3dx 3 3dx
(2 + 3x 2 ) 2 dx
1
dx =
3 ( 2) + ( 3 x)
2 2
2 + 3x 2
3 ( 2) + ( 3 x)
2 2
3 du du dx
(2 + 3 x 2 ) 2 dx = 3 2
1
=
3 (a) + (u ) (a ) + (u )
2 2 2
( 2) 2 + ( x 3) 2
du 1 du 3 u 1
= 3 = arc g u + a2 + u2 + c
(a ) + (u )
2 2
3 a +u
2 2 a a 3
3 x 3 3
= arc g x 3 + 2 + 3 + x2 + c
2 2 3
g 3 x co g 3x
2.123.- dx , Sea: u = 3x, du = 3dx; w = s e n u, dw = cos udu
s e n 3x
s e n 3 x cos 3 x
g 3 x co g 3 x dx cos 3 x
s e n 3x dx = s e n 3x
cos 3x s e n 3x dx =
cos 3x s e n 2 3xdx
52
cos 3x 1 1 cos u 1 1 dw
= sec 3xdx 2
dx = sec udu 2
du = sec udu 2
s e n 3x 3 3 sen u 3 3 w
1 1 w1 1 1
= sec u + gu + c = sec 3x + g 3 x + +c
3 3 1 3 3s e n 3x
dx x dx
2.124.- , Sea: u = , du =
ex 2 2
dx dx 2 2
e x = (e x ) 12 = e 2 dx = 2 e du = 2e + c = 2e 2 + c = e x 2 + c = e x + c
x u u x
1+ s e n x
2.125.- dx , Sea: u = x + cos x, du = (1 s e n x)dx
x + cos x
1+ s e n x du
x + cos x dx = u = u + c = x + cos x + c
sec 2 xdx
2.126.- , Sea: u = gx, du = sec 2 xdx
g x2
2
sec 2 xdx du
g x2 2
=
u 2
2
= u + u 2 2 + c = gx + gx 2 2 + c
dx dx
2.127.- , Sea: u = x, du =
x x 2
2
dx dx du u 1 1 1
x 2
x
=
x( x) 2
= u 2
=
1
+c = +c =
u x
+c
a a
x2
2.129.- dx , Sea: u = x3 + 1, du = 3 x 2 dx
x +13
( x 2 + 1) 3 ( x 2 + 1) 2
2 2 2 2
x dx x 2 dx 1 du 1 u 3 u3 3
x3 + 1 = ( x3 + 1) 13 = 3 u 13 = 3 2 + c = 2 + c = 2 + c = 2 + c
3
xdx
2.130.- , Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
1 x 4
53
1 1
g axdx = (sec ax 1)dx = sec2 axdx dx = sec 2 udu dx = gu x + c
2 2
a a
1
= gax x + c
a
sec 2 xdx
2.132.- , Sea: u = gx, du = sec 2 xdx
4 g 2 x
sec 2 xdx du u gx
4 g x 2
=
2 u2
= arcs e n + c = arcs e n
2 2 2
+c
dx
2.133.- , Sea: u = x , du = dx
cos x a a a
dx
cos x a = sec x a dx = a secudu = a sec u + gu + c = a sec x a + g x a + c
3 1+ x dx
2.134.- dx , Sea: u = 1 + x, du =
x x
1+ x 3(1 + x) 3
4 4 4
3
u3 3u 3
x dx = u 3 du = 4 + c = 4 + c = +c
1
4
3
dx dx
2.135.- g x 1 , Sea: u = x 1, du =
x 1 2 x 1
dx du
g x 1 x 1 = 2 gu u = 2 sec x 1 + c = 2 cos x 1 + c
xdx
2.136.- , Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
s e n x2
xdx 1 du 1 1
s e n x 2 = 2 s e n u = 2 cos ecudu = 2 cos ecu co gu + c
1
= cos ecx 2 co gx 2 + c
2
s e n x cos x
2.137.- dx , Sea: u = s e n x + cos x, du = (cos x s e n x)dx
s e n x + cos x
s e n x cos x du
s e n x + cos xdx = u = s e n x + cos x + c
earc gx + x (1 + x 2 ) + 1 dx 2 xdx
2.138.- , Sea: u = arc gx, du = ; w = (1 + x 2 )d , dw =
1+ x 2
1+ x 2
1 + x2
earc gx + x (1 + x 2 ) + 1 earc gx dx x (1 + x 2 )dx dx
1+ x 2
= 1+ x 2
+ 1+ x 2
+
1 + x2
1 dx 1 w2 2 (1 + x 2 )
= eu du + wdw + = e u
+ + arc gx + c = e u
+ + arc gx + c
2 1 + x2 2 2 4
x 2 dx
2.139.- 2 ,
x 2
54
x 2 dx 2 dx 1 x 2
x2 2 = (1 + x2 2 )dx = dx + 2 x2 2 = x + 2 2 2 x + 2 + c
2 x 2
= x+ +c
2 x+ 2
1 cos 2 x
2.140.- es e n x s e n 2 xdx , Sea: u = , du = s e n 2 xdx
2
2
1 cos 2 x
e s e n 2 xdx = e s e n 2 xdx = eu du = eu + c = es e n x + c
2 2
sen x 2
(1 s e n x 2
) x dx
2.141.- x
2
dx , Sea: u = , du =
sen 2
2 2
(1 s e n 1 2s e n x2 + s e n 2 x2
x 2
)
sen x = dx = cos ec x2 dx 2 dx + s e n x2 dx
2
dx
sen 2 x
2
= 2 cos ecudu 2 dx + 2 s e n udu = 2 cos ecu co gu 2 x 2 cos u + c
= 2 cos ec x
2
co g x
2
2 x 2 cos x
2
+c
5 3x
2.142.- dx , Sea: u = x 3, du = 3dx; w = 4 3x 2 , dw = 6 xdx
4 3x 2
5 3x dx xdx dx xdx
4 3x 2
dx = 5
4 3x 2
3
4 3x 2
= 5
4 ( x 3) 2
3
4 3x2
1
5 du 3 dw 5 u 1w2 5 3 x 3
=
3 2 u
2 2
+
6 w
=
3
arcs e n +
2 2 1
+c =
3
arcs e n
2
+ 4 3x 2 + c
2
ds
2.143.- , Sea: u = 1 + e s , du = e s ds
e +1 s
ds e s ds du
e s + 1 e s + 1 = u = u + c = e + 1 + c
s
=
d
2.144.- , Sea: u = 2a , du = 2ad
s e n a cos a
d d 2
s e n a cos a = 12 s e n 2a = 2 cos ec2a d = 2a cos ecudu
1 1
= cos ecu co gu + c = cos ec 2a co g 2a + c
a a
s
e
2.145.- ds , Sea: u = e s , du = e s ds
e 2
2s
s
e es du
e2 s 2 (es )2 2 ds = u 2 2 = u + u 2 + c
= 2
ds
= e s + (e s ) 2 2 + c = e s + e 2 s 2 + c
55
2 t 2 t
2.146.- s e n( 2T t + 0 )dt , Sea: u = + 0 , du = dt
T T
T T T 2 t
s e n( 2T t + 0 )dt = 2 s e n udu = 2 cos u + c = 2 cos( T + 0 ) + c
arc cos x 2 x dx
2.147.- dx , Sea: u = arc cos , du =
4 x 2 2 4 x2
arc cos x 2 u2 (arc cos x 2 ) 2
4 x2 dx = udu =
2
+ c =
2
+c
dx dx
2.148.- , Sea: u = x, du =
x(4 x) 2
x
dx dx du 1 2+u 1 2 + x
x(4 x) 2
=
x 2 ( x)
2 2
= 2
2 u 2
=
4 2u
+c =
4 2 x
+c
e sec 2 xdx = eu du = eu + c = e gx + c
gx
s e n x cos x
2.150.- dx , Sea: u = s e n 2 x, du = 2s e n x cos xdx
2sen x 4
s e n x cos x s e n x cos x 1 du 1 u
2sen x 4
dx =
2 (s e n x)
2 2
dx =
2 2u 2
= arcs e n
2 2
+c
1 (s e n 2 x)
= arcs e n +c
2 2
s ecx gx
2.151.- dx , Sea: u = sec x, du = sec x gxdx
s ec 2 x + 1
s ecx gx du
s ec 2 x + 1dx = u 2 + 1 = u + u + 1 + c = s ecx + s ec x + 1 + c
2 2
dt
2.152.- , Sea: u = 2t , du = 2dt
s e n t cos 2 t
2
dt dt dt dt
s e n 2 t cos2 t = (s e n t cos t )2 = ( 1 s e n 2t )2 = 4 s e n 2 2t = 4 cos ec 2tdt
2
2
= 2 cos ec 2udu = 2 co gu + c = 2 co g 2t + c
arc s e n x + x
2.153.- dx ,
1 x2
dx
Sea: u = arcs e n x, du = ; w = 1 x 2 , dw = 2 xdx
1 x 2
arc s e n x + x arc s e n x x 1 dw 1 1
1 x 2 dx = 1 x 2 dx + 1 x2 dx = udu 2 w = udu 2 w 2 dw
56
1
u2 1 w 2 (arcs e n x) 2
= +c = 1 x2 + c
2 2 1 2
2
xdx
2.154.- , Sea: t = x + 1 x = t 2 1; dx = 2tdt
x +1
xdx (t 2 1)2tdt t3 2 ( x + 1)3
x +1 t
= = = + = 2 x +1 + c
2
2 (t 1) dt 2( t ) c
3 3
2.155.- x(5 x 2 3)7 dx , Sea: u = 5 x 2 3, du = 10 xdx
1 1 u8 u8 (5 x 2 3)8
x(5 x 3) dx = 10
= + = + = +c
2 7 7
u du c c
10 8 80 80
( x + x 2 + 1) dx
2.156.- dx , Sea: u = ( x + x 2 + 1), du =
x +1
2
x2 + 1
( x + x 2 + 1) ( x + x 2 + 1)
3
u2
x2 + 1
dx =
x2 + 1
dx = udu =
3
+c
2
3
2 ( x + x 2 + 1)
= +c
3
s e n3 x
2.157.- dx , Sea: u = cos x, du = s e n xdx
cos x
s e n3 x s e n 2 x s e n xdx (1 cos 2 x) s e n xdx s e n xdx cos 2 x s e n xdx
cos x dx =
cos x
= cos x
= cos x
cos x
3 5
u 2
u 2
3 5
2 2
3 5 3 5
2u 2 2u 2 2 cos x 2 2 cos x 2 2 cos3 x 2 cos5 x
= + +c = + +c = + +c
3 5 3 5 3 5
cos xdx
2.158.- ,
1+ s e n2 x
Sea: t = 1 + s e n 2 x s e n 2 x = t 2 1; 2s e n x cos xdx = 2tdt
t
cos xdx t 2 1 dt
1+ s e n2 x = t = t 2 1 = 1+ s e n x + s e n x + c
2
(arcs e n x) 2 dx
2.159.- dx , Sea: u = arcs e n x, du =
1 x2 1 x2
(arcs e n x) 2 u3 (arcs e n x)3
1 x2
dx = u 2 du =
3
+c =
3
+c
2.150.- e x + e dx , Sea: u = ee , du = ee e x dx
x x x
57
e dx = e x ee dx = du = u + c = ee + c
x+ex x x
u 1
2.161.- t (4t + 1)7 dt , Sea: u = 4t + 1 t = , du = 4dt
4
u 1 7 du 1 1 1 u9 1 u8
+ = 4 4 16 = =
16
= +c
7 7 8 7
t (4t 1) dt u (u 1)u du (u u )du
16 9 16 8
(4t + 1)9 (4t + 1)8
= +c
144 128
2t 2 10t + 12
2.162.- dt , Sea: u = t 2 + 4, du = du = 2tdt
t2 + 4
2t 2 10t + 12 t 2 5t + 6 2 5t dt dt
t2 + 4 dt = 2 t 2 + 4 dt = 2 1 + t 2 + 4 dt = 2 dt + 4 t 2 + 4 10 t 2 + 4
dt du
= 2 dt + 4 2 5 = 2t + 2 arc g 2t 5 u + c = 2t + 2 arc g 2t 5 t 2 + 4 + c
t +4 u
et e t
2.163.- t dt ,
e + et
Sea: u = e 2t + 1, du = 2e 2t dt ; w = 1 + e 2t , dw = 2e2t dt
et e t et dt e t dt e 2t dt e 2t dt 1 du 1 dw
et + et et + et et + et e2t + 1 1 + e2t = 2 u + 2 w
dt = =
1 1 1
= ( u + w ) + c = uw + c = (e2t + 1)(1 + e 2t ) + c
2 2 2
58
CAPITULO 3
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
1 + cos x
Solucin.- cos 2 12 x =
2
1 + cos x
2
1
Luego: cos 4 12 xdx = (cos 2 12 x) 2 dx = dx = (1 + 2 cos x + cos x)dx
2
2 4
1 1 1
= dx + cos xdx + cos 2 xdx , como: cos 2 xdx = 1 x + 1 s e n 2 x + c
4 2 4 2 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= dx + cos xdx + cos 2 xdx = x + s e n x + ( x + s e n 2 x) + c
4 2 4 4 2 4 2 4
1 1 1 1 3 1 1
= x + s e n x + x + s e n 2x + c = x + s e n x + s e n 2x + c
4 2 8 16 8 2 16
3 1 1
Respuesta: cos 2 xdx = x + s e n x + s e n 2 x + c
4 1
8 2 16
3.3.-Encontrar: cos xdx3
59
= cos x cos 2 xdx = cos x(1 s e n 2 x)dx = cos xdx cos x s e n 2 xdx
Sea: u = s e n x, du = cos xdx
u3 s e n3 x
= cos xdx cos x s e n 2 xdx = cos xdx u 2 du = s e n x + c = sen x +c
3 3
s e n3 x
Respuesta: cos3 xdx = s e n x +c
3
3.4.-Encontrar: s e n x3 4 xdx
Solucin.- s e n x3 4 xdx = s e n 4 x s e n 2 4 xdx , como: s e n 2 4 x = 1 cos 2 4 x
= s e n 4 x s e n 2 4 xdx = s e n 4 x(1 cos 2 4 x)dx = s e n 4 xdx s e n 4 x(cos 4 x) 2 dx
Sea: u = cos 4 x, du = 4s e n 4 xdx
1 2 1 1 u3 cos 4 x cos3 4 x
= s e n 4 xdx +
4
u du = cos 4 x + + c = + +c
4 4 3 4 12
cos 4 x cos3 4 x
Respuesta: s e n x3 4 xdx = + +c
4 12
3.5.-Encontrar: s e n 2 x cos3 xdx
Solucin.- s e n 2 x cos3 xdx = s e n 2 x cos 2 x cos xdx = s e n 2 x(1 s e n 2 x) cos xdx
= s e n 2 x cos xdx s e n 4 x cos xdx ; Sea: u = s e n x, du = cos xdx
u3 u5 s e n3 x s e n5 x
= u 2 du u 4 du = +c = +c
3 5 3 5
s e n3 x s e n5 x
Respuesta: s e n 2 x cos3 xdx = +c
3 5
3.6.-Encontrar: s e n 3 x cos 2 xdx
Solucin.- s e n 3 x cos 2 xdx = s e n 2 x s e n x cos 2 xdx = (1 cos 2 x) s e n x cos 2 xdx
= (1 cos 2 x) s e n x cos 2 xdx = s e n x cos 2 xdx s e n x cos 4 xdx
Sea: u = cos x, du = s e n xdx
u3 u5
= s e n x cos 2 xdx s e n x cos 4 xdx = u 2 du + u 4 du = + +c
3 5
cos3 x cos5 x
= + +c
3 5
cos3 x cos5 x
Respuesta: s e n 3 x cos 2 xdx = + +c
3 5
3.7.-Encontrar: s e n 2 x cos5 xdx
Solucin.- s e n 2 x cos5 xdx = s e n 2 x(cos 2 x) 2 cos xdx = s e n 2 x(1 s e n 2 x) 2 cos xdx
= s e n 2 x(1 2s e n 2 x + s e n 4 x) cos xdx
60
= (s e n x) 2 cos xdx 2 (s e n x) 4 cos xdx + (s e n x)6 cos xdx
Sea: u = s e n x, du = cos xdx
u3 u5 u7 s e n3 x s e n5 x s e n7 x
= u 2 du 2 u 4 du + u 6 du =
2 + +c = 2 + +c
3 5 7 3 5 7
s e n3 x s e n5 x s e n7 x
Respuesta: s e n 2 x cos5 xdx = 2 + +c
3 5 7
3.8.-Encontrar: s e n 3 x cos3 xdx
Solucin.- s e n 3 x cos3 xdx = (s e n x cos x)3 dx ; como: s e n 2 x = 2s e n x cos x,
s e n 2x
Se tiene que: s e n x cos x = ; Luego:
2
3
s e n 2x 1 1
= (s e n x cos x) dx =
3
dx = s e n 2 xdx = s e n 2 x s e n 2 xdx
3 2
2 8 8
1 1 1
= s e n 2 x(1 cos 2 2 x)dx = s e n 2 xdx s e n 2 x(cos 2 x) 2 dx
8 8 8
Sea: u = cos 2 x, du = 2s e n 2 xdx
1 1 1 1
= s e n 2 xdx + 2s e n 2 x(cos 2 x) 2 dx = s e n 2 xdx + u 2 du
8 16 8 16
3 3
1 1 u 1 cos 2 x
= cos 2 x + + c = cos 2 x + +c
16 16 3 16 48
1 cos3 2 x
Respuesta: s e n 3 x cos3 xdx = cos 2 x + +c
16 48
3.9.-Encontrar: s e n 4 x cos 4 xdx
4
s e n 2x 1
Solucin.- s e n 4 x cos 4 xdx = (s e n x cos x) 4 dx = dx = s e n 2 xdx
4
2 16
1 1 cos 4 x
2
1 2 1 2
=
16 (s e n 2 2 x) dx =
16 2
dx =
16 4 (1 cos 4 x) dx
1 1 1 1
=
64 (1 2 cos 4 x + cos 2 4 x)dx =
64 dx cos 4 xdx + cos 2 4 xdx
32 64
1 1 1 1 + cos8 x
64
= dx cos 4 xdx + dx
32 64 2
1 1 1 1
=
64 dx cos 4 xdx +
32 128 dx +
128
cos8 xdx
1 1 1 1 3x s e n 4 x s e n 8 x
= x s e n 4x + x+ s e n 8x + c = + +c
64 128 128 1024 128 128 1024
1 s e n 8x
Respuesta: s e n 4 x cos 4 xdx = 3x s e n 4 x + +c
128 8
3.10.-Encontrar: x(cos3 x 2 s e n 3 x 2 )dx ; Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
61
1 1
x(cos 2 x(cos3 x 2 s e n 3 x 2 )dx = (cos3 u s e n 3 u )du
x 2 s e n 3 x 2 )dx =
3
2 2
1 1 1 1
= cos3 udu s e n 3 udu = cos u cos 2 udu s e n u s e n 2 udu
2 2 2 2
1 1
= cos u (1 s e n 2 u )du s e n u (1 cos 2 u )du
2 2
1 1 1 1
= cos udu cos u s e n 2 udu s e n udu + s e n u cos 2 udu
2 2 2 2
Sea: w = s e n u, dw = cos udu; z = cos u, dz = s e n udu
1 1 1 1 2 1 1 w3 1 1 z3
2 2 2 2
= cos udu w 2
dw s e n udu z dz = s e n u + cos u +c
2 2 3 2 2 3
s e n u s e n 3 u cos u cos3 u 1 1
= + + c = (s e n u + cos u ) (s e n 3 u + cos3 u ) + c
2 6 2 6 2 6
Dado que: s e n u + cos u = (s e n u + cos u )(s e n u s e n u cos u + cos 2 )
3 3 2
62
3.12.-Encontrar: cos 3x cos 2 xdx
1
Solucin.- cos cos = [cos( ) + cos( + )] ; Se tiene que:
2
1 1
cos 3x cos 2 x = [ cos(3x 2 x) + cos(3 x + 2 x) ] = [ cos x + cos 5 x ] , Luego:
2 2
1 1 1
= cos 3 x cos 2 xdx = [ cos x + cos 5 x ]dx = cos xdx + cos 5 xdx
2 2 2
1 1
= s e n x + s e n 5x + c
2 10
1 1
Respuesta: cos 3 x cos 2 xdx = s e n x + s e n 5 x + c
2 10
3.13.-Encontrar: s e n 5 x s e n xdx
1
Solucin.- s e n s e n = [ cos( ) cos( + )] ; Se tiene que:
2
1 1
s e n 5 x s e n x = [ cos(5 x x) cos(5 x + x) ] = [ cos 4 x cos 6 x ] ; Luego:
2 2
1 1 1
= s e n 5 x s e n xdx = [ cos 4 x cos 6 x ] = cos 4 xdx cos 6 xdx
2 2 2
1 1
= s e n 4x s e n 6x + c
8 12
1 1
Respuesta: s e n 5 x s e n xdx = s e n 4 x s e n 6 x + c
8 12
3.14.-Encontrar: g xdx 4
63
2 1 2 1
= sec 2 xdx + 2 u 2 du + u 4 du = gx + u 3 + u 5 + c = gx + g 3 x + g 5 x + c
3 5 3 5
2 1
Respuesta: sec6 xdx = gx + g 3 x + g 5 x + c
3 5
3.16.-Encontrar: g 2 xdx3
Solucin.-
g 2 xdx = g 2 x g 2 xdx = g 2 x(sec 2 x 1)dx = g 2 x sec 2 xdx g 2 xdx
3 2 2 2
g 2 2x 1 1
Respuesta: g 3 2 xdx = +c
4 2 cos 2 x
3.17.-Encontrar: g 5 xdx2
1
Solucin.- g 2 5 xdx = (sec 2 5 x 1)dx = sec 2 5 xdx dx = g 5 x x + c
5
1
Respuesta: g 2 5 xdx = g 5 x x + c
5
3.18.-Encontrar: g 3x sec 3xdx
3
= ( gx) 2 sec 2 xdx + ( gx) 2 sec 2 xdx ; Sea: u = gx, du = sec 2 xdx
3 7
2 5 2 9 2 5 2 9
Luego: u 2 du + u 2 du = u 2 + u 2 + c = g 2 x + g 2 + c
3 7
5 9 5 9
2 5 2 9
Respuesta: g 2 x sec4 xdx = g 2 x + g 2 + c
3
5 9
3.20.-Encontrar: g x sec xdx
4 4
64
u5 u7 g5x g7 x
Luego: u 4 du + u 6 du = + +c = + +c
5 7 5 7
g5x g7x
Respuesta: g 4 x sec 4 xdx = + +c
5 7
3.21.-Encontrar: co g 3 x co sec 4 xdx
Solucin.- co g 3 x co sec 4 xdx = co g 3 x(co sec2 x) co sec2 xdx
Como: cos ec 2 x = 1 + co g 2 x ; Luego:
co g x(1 + co g 2 x) co sec 2 xdx = co g 3 x co sec 2 xdx + co g 5 x co sec 2 xdx
3
3 3
udu u du = + c = +c
6 12 6 12
co g 2 3x co g 4 3x
Respuesta: co g 3x co sec 4 3xdx = +c
6 12
3.23.-Encontrar: co sec 4 2 xdx
Solucin.- co sec 2 2 x co sec 2 2 xdx = (1 + co g 2 2 x) co sec 2 2 xdx
1 2 1 u3 co g 2 x co g 3 2 x
Luego: co sec 2 2 xdx
2
u du = co g 2 x + c = +c
2 3 2 6
co g 2 x co g 3 2 x
Respuesta: co sec 4 2xdx = +c
2 6
3.24.-Encontrar: co g 3 x co sec3 xdx
Solucin.- co g 3 x co sec3 xdx = co g 2 x co sec2 x co gx co sec xdx
Como: co g 2 x = co sec 2 x 1 ; Luego: (co sec 2 x 1) co sec 2 x co gx co sec xdx
= (co sec4 x co gx co sec xdx co sec2 x co gx co sec xdx
Sea: u = cos ecx, du = cos ecx co gxdx ;
65
u5 u3 cos ec5 x cos ec3 x
Entonces: u 4 du + u 2 du = + +c = + +c
5 3 5 3
cos ec5 x cos ec3 x
Respuesta: co g 3 x co sec3 xdx = + +c
5 3
3.25.-Encontrar: co g 3 xdx
Solucin.- co g 3 xdx = co g 2 x co gxdx = (cos ec 2 x 1) co gxdx
= cos ec 2 x co gxdx co gxdx ; Sea: u = co gx, du = cos ec 2 xdx
u2 co g 2 x
Luego: udu co gxdx = sen x + c = sen x + c
2 2
co g 2 x
Respuesta: co g 3 xdx = sen x + c
2
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
Usando esencialmente el mecanismo tratado, encontrar las siguientes integrales:
3.26.- g 2 5 xdx 3.27.- s e n x cos xdx 3.28.-
dx
sec 2 x
3.29.-
cos 2 x
dx 3.30.- cos x s e n xdx 3
3.31.- g 2 3x sec 2 3x dx
cos x
3.32.- g 3 4 x sec 4 xdx 3.33.- s e n 2 6x dx 3.34.-
s e n 2x
dx
sen x
3.35.- (sec x + cos ecx) 2 dx 3.36.- sec3 4x g 4x dx 3.37.- g 4 2 x sec 4 2 xdx
3.38.- s e n 8 x s e n 3 xdx 3.39.- cos 4 x cos 5 xdx 3.40.- s e n 2 x cos 3xdx
3.43.- cos ec 4 3 xdx
4
sec x cos3 x
3.41.- 3.42.- dx
dx s e n4 x
gx
3.44.- ( g 3 3x + g 4 3x )dx 3.45.- co g 3 3x dx 3.46.- co g 4 6x dx
dx cos 2 x dx
3.47.- 5 3.48.- dx 3.49.-
s e n x cos x s e n6 x s e n x cos 4 x
2
3.50.-
dx cos3 x 3.52.- cos3 7x dx
3.51.- dx
cos 6 4 x 1 s e n x
3.53.- s e n 5 2x dx 3.54.- 1 cos xdx 3.55.-
dx
cos ec 4 x
3
66
3.65.- g 3 x sec xdx 3.66.- sec6 a d 3.67.- sec xdx
3.68.- co g 2 2 x cos ec 2 2 xdx s e n3 x 3.70.- sec 4 3x g 3xdx
3.69.- dx
cos 2 x
3.71.- sec n x gxdx;(n 0) cos3 x 3.73.-
dx
3.72.- dx
s e n2 x s e n4 x
3.74.- g n x sec 2 xdx;(n 1) 3.75.- s e n 6 xdx 3.76.- s e n 4 axdx
3.77.- s e n n x cos xdx;(n 1) 3.78.- co g n axdx 3.79.- co g 4 3 xdx
3.80.- cos x n s e n xdx;(n 1) 3.81.- g n xdx 3.82.- g 4 xdx
3.83.- cos 2 n +1 xdx
RESPUESTAS
1
3.26.- g 2 5 xdx = (sec 2 5 x 1)dx = sec 2 5 xdx + dx = g 5 x x + c
5
1 1 1
3.27.- s e n x cos xdx = 2s e n x cos xdx = s e n 2 xdx = cos 2 x + c
2 2 4
dx 1
3.28.-
sec 2 x
= cos 2 xdx = s e n 2 x + c
2
cos 2 x cos x s e n 2 x
2
cos 2 x s e n2 x
3.29.- dx = dx = dx dx
cos x cos x cos x cos x
1 cos 2 x dx
= cos xdx dx = cos xdx
cos x
+ cos xdx = 2 cos xdx sec xdx
cos x
= 2s e n x sec x + gx + c
3.30.- cos x s e n 3 xdx = cos x s e n 2 x s e n xdx = cos x (1 cos 2 x) s e n xdx
= cos x s e n xdx cos x cos 2 x s e n xdx = cos 2 x s e n xdx cos 2 x s e n xdx
1 5
1 5
2 3 2 7
Sea: u = cos x, du = s e n xdx ; Luego: u du + u du = u 2 + u 2 + c
2 2
3 7
2 2 2 2
= cos 2 + cos 2 + c = cos3 x + cos 7 x + c
3 7
3 7 3 7
2 2
= cos x cos x + cos x 3 cos x + c
3 7
1
3.31.- g 2 3x sec2 3x dx = ( g 3x ) 2 sec 2 3x dx ; Sea: u = g 3x , du = sec2 3x dx
3
3 ( g 3 ) 3 sec 3 dx = 3 u du = u + c = g 3 + c
x 2 1 2 x 2 3 3 x
67
1 2 1 1 u3 1 sec3 4 x sec 4 x
4 4
= u du du = u + c = +c
4 3 4 12 4
1 cos 2 6x 1 cos 3x 1 1
3.33.- s e n 2 6x dx = dx = dx = dx cos 3x dx
2 2 2 2
1 3
= x s en 3x + c
2 2
s e n 2x 2 s e n x cos x
3.34.- dx = dx = 2 cos xdx = 2s e n x + c
sen x sen x
3.35.- (sec x + cos ecx) 2 dx = (sec 2 x + 2sec x cos ecx + cos ec 2 x)dx
1 1
= sec 2 xdx + 2 sec x cos ecxdx + cos ec 2 xdx = sec 2 xdx + 2 dx + cos ec 2 xdx
cos x s e n x
dx dx
= sec 2 xdx + 2 2 + cos ec 2 xdx = sec 2 xdx + 4
s e n 2x
+ cos ec 2 xdx
2 cos x s e n x
= sec 2 xdx + 4 cos ec 2 xdx + cos ec 2 xdx
= gx + 4 cos ec 2 x co g 2 x co gx + c
2
= gx + 2 cos ec 2 x co g 2 x co gx + c
3.36.- sec3 4x g 4x dx = (sec 2 4x ) sec 4x g 4x dx
Sea: u = sec 4x , du = 14 sec 4x g 4x dx ,
u3 4sec3 4x
Luego: 4 u 2 du = 4 +c = +c
3 3
3.37.- g 4 2 x sec4 2 xdx = g 4 2 x(sec2 2 x) sec 2 2 xdx = g 4 2 x(1 + g 2 2 x) sec 2 2 xdx
= ( g 2 x) 4 sec 2 2 xdx + ( g 2 x)6 sec 2 2 xdx
Sea: u = g 2 x, du = 2sec 2 2 xdx , Luego:
1 1 1 1
= ( g 2 x) 4 2sec 2 2 xdx + ( g 2 x)6 2sec 2 2 xdx = u 4 du + u 6 du
2 2 2 2
5
1u 1u 7
g 2x g 2x
5 7
= + +c = + +c
2 5 2 7 10 14
3.38.- s e n 8 x s e n 3 xdx
1
Considerando: s e n s e n = [cos( ) cos( + )]
2
1
Luego: s e n 8 x s e n 3 x = (cos 5 x cos11x) ; Se tiene:
2
1 1 1 s e n 5 x s e n11x
= (cos 5 x cos11x)dx = cos 5 xdx cos11xdx = +c
2 2 2 10 22
3.39.- cos 4 x cos 5 xdx
1
Considerando: cos cos = [cos( ) + cos( + )]
2
68
1
Luego: cos 4 x cos 5 x = (cos( x) + cos 9 x) ;
2
1
Como: cos( x) = cos x (cos x + cos 9 x) ; entonces:
2
1 1 1
cos 4 x cos 5 xdx = 2 ( cos x + cos 9 x)dx = 2 cos xdx + 2 cos 9 xdx
s e n x s e n 9x
= + +c
2 18
3.40.- s e n 2 x cos 3 xdx
1
Considerando: s e n cos = [s e n( ) + s e n( + )]
2
1
Luego: s e n 2 x cos 3x = [s e n( x) + s e n 5 x]
2
1
Como: s e n( x) = s e n x ( s e n x + s e n 5 x) ; entonces:
2
1 1 1
s e n 2 x cos 3xdx = 2 ( s e n x + s e n 5 x)dx = 2 s e n xdx + 2 s e n 5 xdx
1 1
= cos x cos 5 x + c
2 10
4
sec x
4
1 1
4
3.41.- dx =
4
cos x
sen x
= dx = cos ec xdx = cos ec 2 x cos ec 2 xdx
gx cos x sen x
= (1 + co g 2 x) cos ec 2 xdx = cos ec 2 xdx + co g 2 x cos ec 2 xdx
Sea: u = co gx, du = cos ec 2 xdx
u3 co g 3 x
Luego: cos ec xdx u du = co gx + c = co gx
2 2
+c
3 3
cos3 x cos3 x 1
3.42.- 4
dx = 3
dx = co g 3 x cos ecxdx
sen x sen x sen x
= (co g x) co gx cos ecxdx = (cos ec 2 x 1) co gx cos ecxdx =
2
69
3.44.- ( g 3 3x + g 4 3x )dx = g 3 3x dx + g 4 3x dx = ( g 2 3x ) g 3x dx + ( g 2 3x ) g 2 3x dx
= (sec 2 3x 1) g 3x dx + (sec 2 3x 1) g 2 3x dx
= sec 2 3x g 3x dx g 3x dx + (sec 2 3x ) g 2 3x dx g 2 3x dx
= sec 2 3x g 3x dx g 3x dx + (sec 2 3x ) g 2 3x dx (sec2 3x 1)dx
= sec 2 3x g 3x dx g 3x dx + (sec 2 3x ) g 2 3x dx sec 2 3x dx + dx
1
Sea: u = g 3x , du = sec 2 3x dx
3
Luego: 3 udu g 3x dx + 3 u 2 du sec 2 3x dx + dx
3 3
= u 2 3 sec 3x + u 3 3 g 3x + x + c = g 2 3x 3 sec 3x + g 3 3x 3 g 3x + x + c
2 2
3.45.- co g 3 dx = (co g 3 ) co g 3 dx = (cos ec 2 3x 1) co g 3x dx
3 x 2 x x
1
= cos ec 2 3x co g 3x dx co g 3x dx ; Sea: u = cos ec 3x , du = cos ec 3x co g 3x dx
3
Luego: 3 (cos ec 3 )( 1 cos ec 3 co g 3 )dx co g 3 dx = 3 udu co g 3x dx
x x x x
3
3u 2
3cos ec 2 3x
= 3 sen 3 + c =x
3 s e n 3x + c
2 2
3.46.- co g 4 6x dx = (co g 2 6x ) co g 2 6x dx = (cos ec 2 6x 1) co g 2 6x dx
= cos ec 2 6x co g 2 6x dx co g 2 6x dx = cos ec 2 6x co g 2 6x dx (cos ec 2 6x 1)dx
= cos ec 2 6x co g 2 6x dx cos ec 2 6x dx + dx
1
Sea: u = co g 6x , du = cos ec 2 6x dx
6
Luego: 6 u du cos ec 2 6x dx + dx = 2u 3 + 6 co g 6x + x + c
2
= 2 co g 3 6x + 6 co g 6x + x + c
dx
3.47.- 5
; Como: s e n 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 ,
s e n x cos x
s e n 2 x + cos 2 x dx cos xdx
Luego: 5
dx = 3
+
s e n x cos x s e n x cos x s e n5 x
s e n 2 x + cos 2 x cos xdx dx cos xdx cos xdx
= 3
dx + 5
= + 3
+
s e n x cos x sen x s e n x cos x sen x s e n5 x
dx
= + (s e n x) 3 cos xdx + (s e n x) 5 cos xdx
s e n x cos x
dx
=
s e n 2x
+ (s e n x) 3 cos xdx + (s e n x) 5 cos xdx
2
= 2 cos ec 2 xdx + (s e n x) 3 cos xdx + (s e n x) 5 cos xdx ()
70
Sea: u = s e n x, du = cos xdx , Luego:
1 1
() = 2 cos ec 2 xdx + u 3 du + u 5 du = cos ec 2 x co g 2 x 2
4 +c
2u 4u
1 1
= cos ec 2 x co g 2 x +c
2s e n x 4s e n 4 x
2
cos ec 2 x cos ec 4 x
= cos ec 2 x co g 2 x +c
2 4
cos 2 x cos 2 x 1
3.48.- 6
dx = dx = co g 2 x cos ec 4 xdx
sen x s e n x s e n4 x
2
dx dx dx
= sec 4 xdx + 2
= sec 4 xdx + = sec 4 xdx + 4
(s e n x cos x) (
s e n 2 x
)2 s e n2 2x
2
= sec xdx + 4 cos ec 2 xdx = sec x sec xdx + 4 cos ec 2 2 xdx
4 2 2 2
= (1 + g 2 x) sec2 xdx + 4 cos ec 2 2 xdx = sec2 xdx + g 2 x sec 2 xdx + 4 cos ec 2 2 xdx
Sea: u = gx, du = sec 2 xdx ,
u3
Luego: sec 2 xdx + u 2 du + 4 cos ec 2 2 xdx = gx + 2 co g 2 x + c
3
g3x
= gx + 2 co g 2 x + c
3
dx
3.50.- 6
= sec6 4 xdx = (sec 2 4 x)2 sec2 4 xdx = (1 + g 2 4 x)2 sec2 4 xdx
cos 4 x
= (1 + 2 g 2 4 x + g 4 4 x) sec2 4 xdx
= sec 2 4 xdx + 2 ( g 4 x) 2 sec 2 4 xdx + ( g 4 x) 4 sec 2 4 xdx
Sea: u = g 4 x, du = 4sec 2 4 xdx , Luego:
1 2 1 4 g 4x 1 u3 1 u5 g 4x g 3 4x g 5 4x
sec 4 xdx + 2
+
4
= + + + = + + +c
2
u du u du c
4 2 3 4 5 4 6 20
cos3 x cos3 x(1 + s e n x) cos 3 x(1 + s e n x)
3.51.- dx = dx = dx
1 s e n x 1 s e n2 x cos 2 x
1
= cos x(1 + s e n x)dx = cos xdx + cos x s e n xdx = cos xdx +
2
s e n 2 xdx
71
1
= s e n x cos 2 x + c
4
3.52.- cos3 7x dx = (cos 2 7x ) cos 7x dx = (1 s e n 2 7x ) cos 7x dx
= cos 7x dx s e n 2 7x cos 7x dx
Sea: u = s e n 7x , du = 1 cos 7x dx
7
7u 3 7
Luego: = cos 7x dx 7 u 2 du =7 s e n 7x + c = 7 s e n 7x s e n 3 7x + c
3 3
3.53.- s e n 2 dx = (s e n 2 ) s e n 2 dx = (1 cos 2 ) s e n 2x dx
5 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
1 1 1 1
= (1 2 cos 23x + cos 2 23x )dx = dx cos 23x dx + cos 2 23x dx
4 4 2 4
1 1 1 1 + cos 3 4x
1 1 1
= dx cos 23x dx + dx = dx cos 23x dx + (1 + cos 43x )dx
4 2 4 2 4 2 8
1 1 1 1 3 1 1
= dx cos 23x dx + dx + cos 43x dx = dx cos 23x dx + cos 43x dx
4 2 8 8 8 2 8
2x 4x
3 13 1 3 3 3s e n 3s e n
= x s e n 23x + s e n 43x + c = x 3
+ 3
+c
8 22 84 8 4 32
3.56.- s e n 3 2x cos5 2x dx = s e n 2x s e n 2 2x cos5 2x dx = s e n 2x (1 cos 2 2x ) cos5 2x dx
= s e n 2x cos5 2x dx cos 7 2x s e n 2x dx
1
Sea: u = cos 2x , du = s e n 2x dx
2
72
2u 6 2u 8 u 6 u8 cos 6 2x cos8 2x
Luego: 2 u 5 du + 2 u 7 du = + +c = + +c = + +c
6 8 3 4 3 4
2
s e n 2x 1
3.57.- s e n 2 x cos 2 xdx = (s e n x cos x) 2 dx = dx = s e n 2 xdx
2
2 4
1 1 cos 4 x 1 1 1 x 1
= dx = (1 cos 4 x)dx = dx cos 4 xdx = s e n 4 x + c
4 2 8 8 8 8 32
3.58.- s e n x cos xdx = (s e n x cos x) s e n xdx = (s e n x cos x) 2 s e n 2 xdx
4 2 2 2 2
s e n 2 x 1 cos 2 x 1 cos 2 x
2
1
= dx = s e n 2 x
2
dx
2 2 4 2
1 1 1 1 cos 4 x 1
= s e n 2 2 xdx s e n 2 2 x cos 2 xdx = dx s e n 2 2 x cos 2 xdx
8 8 8 2 8
1 1 1
= dx cos 4 xdx s e n 2 2 x cos 2 xdx()
16 16 8
Sea: u = s e n 2 x, du = 2 cos 2 xdx , luego:
1 1 1 1 1 1 u3
16 16 16
() = dx cos 4 xdx u 2
du = x s e n 4 x +c
16 64 16 3
1 s e n 4 x s e n3 2x
= x +c
16 64 48
1 cos 2 x
1 cos 2 x s e n2 x
3.59.- dx = 2 dx = dx = g 2 xdx = (sec 2 x 1)dx
1 + cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x cos x2
2
= sec xdx dx = gx x + c
2
cos3 x
3.60.- dx = (s e n x) 2 cos3 xdx = (s e n x) 2 cos 2 x cos xdx
1 1
sen x
= (s e n x) 2 (1 s e n 2 x) cos xdx = (s e n x) 2 cos xdx s e n 2 x cos xdx()
1 1 3
5
3.61.- s e n 3 2 xdx = s e n 2 2 x s e n 2 xdx = (1 cos 2 2 x) s e n 2 xdx
= s e n 2 xdx cos 2 2 x s e n 2 xdx()
Sea: u = cos 2 x, du = 2s e n 2 xdx , luego:
1 u2 1 1 u3 1 u3
() = s e n 2 x +
2 2
du = cos 2 x + + c = cos 2 x + +c
2 2 3 2 6
1 (cos3 2 x)
= cos 2 x + +c
2 6
73
1 cos 4 x 1 + cos 4 x 1
3.62.- s e n 2 2 x cos 2 2 xdx = dx = (1 cos 4 x)dx
2
2 2 4
1 1 1 1 1 + cos8 x 1 1
= dx cos 2 4 xdx = dx dx = dx (1 + cos8 x)dx
4 4 4 4 2 4 8
1 1 1 1 1 x s e n 8x
= dx dx cos8 xdx = dx cos8 xdx = +c
4 8 8 8 8 8 64
1 + cos 2 x
2
1
3.63.- cos 4 xdx = (cos 2 x) 2 dx = dx = (1 + cos 2 x) dx
2
2 4
1 1 1 1
= (1 + 2 cos 2 x + cos 2 x)dx = dx + cos 2 xdx + cos 2 2 xdx
4 4 2 4
1 1 1 1 + cos 4 x 1 1 1
= dx + cos 2 xdx + dx = dx + cos 2 xdx + (1 + cos 4 x)dx
4 2 4 2 4 2 8
1 1 1 1 3 1 1
= dx + cos 2 xdx + dx + cos 4 xdx = dx + cos 2 xdx + cos 4 xdx
4 2 8 8 8 2 8
3 1 1
= x + s e n 2x + s e n 4x + c
8 4 32
3.64.- g x sec xdx
4 2
74
3.68.- co g 2 2 x cos ec 2 2 xdx
Sea: u = co g 2 x, du = 2 cos ec 2 2 xdx
1 2 u3 co g 3 2 x
Luego: u du = + c = +c
2 6 6
s e n3 x s e n 2 x s e n xdx (1 cos 2 x) s e n xdx s e n xdx
3.69.- dx = = =
cos 2 x
2 2 2
s e n xdx
cos x cos x cos x
Sea: u = cos x, du = s e n xdx ,
1 1
Luego: u 2 du s e n xdx = + cos x + c = + cos x + c = sec x + cos x + c
u cos x
3.70.- sec 4 3 x g 3xdx = sec3 3x(sec 3x g 3x)dx
Sea: u = sec 3x, du = 3sec3 x g 3xdx
1 3 1 u4 u4 sec 4 3 x
3
Luego: u du = + c = + c = +c
3 4 12 12
3.71.- sec n x gxdx = secn 1 x(sec x gx)dx
Sea: u = sec x, du = sec x gxdx , Luego:
un secn x
u du =
n 1
+c = + c, (n 0)
n n
cos3 x cos 2 x cos x (1 s e n 2 x) cos x cos xdx
3.72.- dx =
s e n2 x
2
dx = 2
dx = 2
cos xdx
sen x sen x sen x
1
sen x + c
sen x
dx s e n 2 x + cos 2 x dx cos 2 x
3.73.-
s e n4 x s e n 2 x s e n 4 x dx
= dx = +
s e n4 x
cos 2 x dx
= cos ec 2 xdx + 2 2
= cos ec 2 xdx + co g 2 x cos ec 2 xdx
sen x sen x
1
= co gx co g 3 x + c
3
3.74.- g x sec 2 xdx;(n 1)
n
75
5 x s e n 2 x 3s e n 4 x s e n 3 2 x
= + + +c
16 4 64 48
1
3.76.- s e n 4 axdx = (s e n 2 ax) 2 dx = (1 cos 2ax) 2 dx
4
1 1 1
= (1 2 cos 2ax + cos 2 2ax)dx = dx cos 2axdx + cos 2 2axdx
4 2 4
1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1
= x s e n 2ax + ( x + s e n 4ax) + c = x s e n 2ax + s e n 4ax + c
4 4a 4 2 8a 8 4a 32a
s e n n +1 x
3.77.- s e n n x cos xdx = + c, (n 1)
n +1
3.78.- co g n axdx = co g n 2 ax co g 2 axdx = co g n 2 ax(cos ec 2 ax 1)dx
1 co g n 1ax
= co g n 2 ax cos ec 2 axdx co g n 2 axdx = co g n 2 axdx
a n 1
3.79.- co g 3xdx , Haciendo uso del ejercicio anterior:
4
co g 3 3x co g 3 3x
= co g 2 3xdx = (cos ec 2 3 x 1)dx
3 3 9
co g 3 3x co g 3 3x
= cos ec 2 3 xdx + dx = cos ec 2 3 xdx + dx
9 9
co g 3 3x co g 3x
= + + x+c
9 3
cos n +1 x
3.80.- cos x n s e n xdx = + c;(n 1)
n +1
3.81.- g n xdx = g n 2 x g 2 xdx = g n 2 x(sec 2 x 1)dx
g n 1 x
= g n2
x sec xdx g
2 n2
xdx = g n 2 xdx
n 1
g xdx
3
g3x
3.82.- g xdx =
4
g xdx =
2
(sec 2 x 1)dx
3 3
g x
3
g x
3
= sec 2 xdx dx = gx + x + c
3 3
3.83.- cos 2 n +1 xdx = cos 2 n x cos xdx = (cos 2 x) n cos xdx = (1 s e n 2 x) n cos xdx
Sea: u = s e n x, du = cos xdx .El resultado se obtiene, evaluando (1 u 2 ) n por la
frmula del binomio de Newton y calculando cada sumando, cuyas integrales son
del tipo: u n du .
Las frmulas provenientes de los ejercicios 3.78 y 3.81, se denominan frmulas
de reduccin y su utilidad es obvia. Ms adelante, en otros captulos, usted
deducir nuevas frmulas de reduccin.
76
CAPITULO 4
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
du = dx v = sen x
x cos xdx = x s e n x s e n xdx =x s e n x + cos x + c
Respuesta: x cos xdx = x s e n x + cos x + c
4.2.-Encontrar: x sec 2 xdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
x sec 2 3 x
u=x dv = sec 2 3 xdx
du = dx v = 13 g 3 x
1 1 x g 3x 1
x sec 2 xdx = x g 3 x g 3xdx = sec 3x + c
3 3 3 9
x g 3 x 1
Respuesta: x sec 2 xdx = sec 3x + c
3 9
4.3.-Encontrar: x s e n xdx
2
Solucin.- I L A T E
x2 s e n x
77
u = x2 dv = s e n xdx
du = 2 xdx v = cos x
x s e n xdx = x cos x + 2 x cos xdx , integrando por partes la segunda integral:
2 2
dv = cos 2 xdx
u = x2 + 5x + 6
1
du = (2 x + 5)dx v = s e n 2x
2
( x + 5 x + 6)
2
1
( x 2 + 5 x + 6) cos 2 xdx = s e n 2 x (2 x + 5) s e n 2 xdx
2 2
Integrando por partes la segunda integral:
I L A T E
2x + 5 s e n 2x
dv = s e n 2 xdx
u = 2x + 5
1
du = 2dx v = cos 2 x
2
1 1
( x + 5 x + 6) cos 2 xdx = s e n 2 x( x 2 + 5 x + 6) (2 x + 5)( 1 2 cos 2 x) + cos 2 xdx
2
2 2
x + 5x + 6
2
1 1
= s e n 2 x + cos 2 x(2 x + 5) cos 2 xdx
2 4 2
x + 5x + 6
2
2x + 5 1
= s e n 2x + cos 2 x s e n 2 x + c
2 4 4
x2 + 5x + 6 2x + 5 1
Respuesta: ( x 2 + 5 x + 6) cos 2 xdx = s e n 2x + cos 2 x s e n 2 x + c
2 4 4
Nota.-Ya se habr dado cuenta el lector, que la eleccin conveniente para el u y el
dv , depender de la ubicacin de los trminos funcionales en la palabra ILATE. El
de la izquierda corresponde al u , y el otro ser el dv .
4.5.-Encontrar: xdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
x 1
78
u = x
dv = 1dx
dx
du = v=x
x
xdx = x x dx = x x x + c = x( x 1) + c
Respuesta: xdx = x( x 1) + c
4.6.-Encontrar: (a 2 + x 2 )dx
Solucin.- I L A T E
(a + x 2 ) 1
2
u = x
dv = 1dx
dx
du = v=x
x
2 x 2 dx 2a 2
(a 2 + x 2 )dx = x (a 2 + x 2 ) = x ( a 2
+ x 2
) x2 + a 2 )dx
(2
a2 + x2
dx 2 a2
= x (a 2 + x 2 ) 2 dx + 2a 2 = x ( a 2
+ x 2
) 2 x + arc g ax + c
x +a
2 2
a
= x (a + x ) 2 x + 2a arc g a + c
2 2 x
4.7.-Encontrar: x + x 2 1 dx
Solucin.- I L A T E
dv = 1dx
x + x2 1 1
v=x
u = x + x2 1
x x2 1 + x
1+
du = x 2 1 d du = x 2 1 dx du = dx
x + x2 1 x + x2 1 x2 1
xdx
x + x 2 1 dx = x x + x 2 1
x2 1
Sea : w = x 2 + 1, dw = 2 xdx .
1 1 1
Luego: x x + x 2 1 ( x 2 1) 2 2 xdx = x x + x 2 1 w 2 dw
1
2 2
1
1w 2
= x x + x2 1 + c = x x + x2 1 w 2 + c = x x + x2 1 x2 1 + c
1
2 21
Respuesta: x + x 2 1 dx = x x + x 2 1 x 2 1 + c
79
4.8.-Encontrar: 2 xdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
2x 1
u = 2x
dv = 1dx
1
du = 2 x dx v=x
x
1
2 xdx = x 2 x 2 x xdx = x 2 x 2 xdx
x
Por ejercicio 4.5, se tiene: xdx = x( x 1) + c
Luego: 2 xdx = x 2 x 2 [ x( x 1) + c ] = x 2 x 2 x( x 1) + c
Respuesta: 2 xdx = x 2 x 2 x( x 1) + c
4.9.-Encontrar: arc gxdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
arc gx 1
u = arc gx
dv = 1dx
dx
du = v=x
1 + x2
xdx
arc gxdx = x arc gx
1 + x2
Sea: w = 1 + x , dw = 2 xdx
2
1 2 xdx 1 dw 1
Luego: x arc gx = x arc gx = x arc gx w + c
2 1+ x 2
2 w 2
1
= x arc gx 1 + x 2 + c
2
1
Respuesta: arc gxdx = x arc gx 1 + x 2 + c
2
4.10.- x arc gxdx
2
Solucin.- I L A T E
arc gx x 2
u = arc gx dv = x 2 dx
dx x3
du = v=
1+ x 2
3
3
x 1 x 2 dx x3 1 x
x 2 arc gxdx = arc gx = arc gx ( x 2 )dx
3 3 1+ x 2
3 3 x +1
80
x3 1 1 x
= arc gx xdx 2 dx
3 3 3 x +1
xdx 1
Por ejercicio 4.9, se tiene: 2 = x2 + 1 + c
x +1 2
3
x 1 1 x3 x2 1
Luego: arc gx xdx + x 2 + 1 + c = arc gx + x 2 + 1 + c
3 3 6 3 6 6
3 2
x x 1
Respuesta: x 2 arc gxdx = arc gx + x 2 + 1 + c
3 6 6
4.11.-Encontrar: arc cos 2xdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
arc cos 2x 1
u = arc cos 2 x
dv = 1dx
2dx
du = v=x
1 4x2
xdx
arc cos 2 xdx = x arc cos 2 x + 2
1 4 x2
Sea: w = 1 4 x 2 , dw = 8 xdx
2 8 xdx
1
1 1w2
Luego: x arc cos 2 x = x arc cos 2 x w 2 dw =x arc cos 2 x
1
+c
8 1 4 x2 4 4 1
2
1
= x arc cos 2 x 1 4x2 + c
2
1
Respuesta: arc cos 2xdx = x arc cos 2 x 1 4x2 + c
2
arcs e n x
4.12.-Encontrar: dx
x
Solucin.- I L A T E
arc s e n x 1
u = arc s e n x 1
dv = x 2 dx
1 dx
du = v=2 x
1 x x
dx
arc s e n xx 2 dx = 2 x arc s e n x
1
1 x
Sea: w = 1 x, dw = dx
dx
Luego: 2 x arc s e n x + = 2 x arc s e n x + w 2 dw
1
1 x
= 2 x arc s e n x + 2 w + c = 2 x arc s e n x + 2 1 x + c
1
2
81
arcs e n x
Respuesta: dx = 2 x arc s e n x + 2 1 x + c
x
4.13.-Encontrar: x arcs e n 2 x 2 dx
Solucin.- I L A T E
arc s e n 2 x 2 x
u = arc s e n 2 x 2 dv = xdx
4 xdx x2
du = v =
1 4x4 2
2
x x3 dx
x arc s e n 2 x 2 dx = arc s e n 2 x 2 2
2 1 4x4
Sea: w = 1 4 x 4 , dw = 16 x3 dx
x2 2 (16 x3 dx) x 2 1 1
Luego: arc s e n 2 x 2 + = arc s e n 2 x 2 + w 2 dw
2 16 1 4x4 2 8
1
x2 1w2 x2 1 1
= arc s e n 2 x 2 + + c = arc s e n 2 x 2 + w 2 + c
2 8 1 2 4
2
x2 1
= arc s e n 2 x 2 + 1 4 x4 + c
2 4
x2 1
Respuesta: x arcs e n 2 x 2 dx = arc s e n 2 x 2 + 1 4 x4 + c
2 4
4.14.-Encontrar: xe dx
x
a
x dx
Sea: w = , dw =
a a
x x dx
Luego: xe a dx = a 2 e a = a 2 we w dw , integrando por partes se tiene:
x
a a
Solucin.- I L A T E
w ew
u=w dv = e w dw
du = dw v = ew
( )
a 2 we w dw = a 2 we w e w dw = a 2 ( we w e w + c ) = a 2 ( we w e w ) + c
x x x x
= a 2 e a e a + c = a 2 e a ( 1) + c
x
a a
x
Respuesta: xe a dx = a 2 e a ( 1) + c
x x
a
4.15.-Encontrar: x e dx2 3 x
Solucin.- I L A T E
82
x2 e 3 x
dv = e3 x dx
u=x 2
1
du = 2 xdx v = e 3 x
3
1 2
x 2 e 3 x dx = x 2 e3 x + xe3 x dx , integrando por partes la segunda integral:
3 3
I L A T E
x e 3 x
u=x dv = e3 x dx
1
du = dx v = e 3 x
3
1 2 3 x 2 1 3 x 1 3 x x 2 e 3 x 2 3 x 2 3 x
x e dx = x e + xe + e dx =
2 3 x
xe + e dx
3 3 3 3 3 9 9
2 3 x
xe 2 2
= xe 3 x e 3 x + c
3 9 27
e 3 x 2 2 2
Respuesta: x 2 e 3 x dx = x + x+ +c
3 3 9
4.16.-Encontrar: x 3e x dx
2
Solucin.- x 3e x dx = x 2 e x xdx
2 2
2 2 2
Partes se tiene:
I L A T E
w ew
u=w dv = e w dw
du = dw v = ew
1
(
1
) 1 1 1
we w dw = we w e w dw = we w e w dw = we w e w + c
2 2 2 2 2
1
2
1 2 x2 1 x2 1 x2 2
= x e e + c = e ( x + 1) + c
2 2 2
1 2
Respuesta: x 3e x dx = e x ( x 2 + 1) + c
2
2
4.17.-Encontrar: ( x 2 x + 5)e x dx
2
Solucin.- I L A T E
83
x 2 2 x + 5 e x
u = x2 2x + 5 dv = e x dx
du = (2 x 2)dx v = e x
( x 2 2 x + 5)e x dx = e x ( x 2 2 x + 5) + (2 x 2)e x dx , integrando por partes la
segunda integral:
I L A T E
2 x 2 e x
u = 2x 2 dv = e x dx
du = 2dx v = e x
( x 2 2 x + 5)e x dx = e x ( x 2 2 x + 5) + e x (2 x 2) + 2 e x dx
= e x ( x 2 2 x + 5) e x (2 x 2) + 2 e x dx = e x ( x 2 2 x + 5) e x (2 x 2) 2e x + c
= e x ( x 2 2 x + 5 +2x 2 + 2 ) + c = e x ( x 2 + 5) + c
Respuesta: ( x 2 2 x + 5)e x dx = e x ( x 2 + 5) + c
4.18.-Encontrar: e ax cos bxdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
cos bx e ax
dv = e ax dx
u = cos bx
1 ax
du = b s e n bxdx v= e
a
e ax cos bx b ax
e ax cos bxdx = + e s e n bxdx , Ntese que la segunda integral es
a a
semejante a la primera, salvo en la parte trigonomtrica; integrando por partes la
segunda integral:
I L A T E
s e n bx e ax
dv = e ax dx
u = s e n bx
1
du = b cos bxdx v = e ax
a
e cos bx b e s e n bx b ax
ax ax
= + e cos bxdx
a a a a
e ax cos bx beax s e n bx b 2 ax
= + 2 e cos bxdx , Ntese que:
a a2 a
e cos bx beax s e n bx b 2 ax
ax
84
b2
. Transponiendo ste trmino al primer miembro y dividiendo por el nuevo
a2
b2 a 2 + b2
coeficiente: 1 + 2 = , se tiene:
a a2
a 2 + b 2 ax ae ax cos bx + beax s e n bx
2 e cos bxdx = +c
a a2
ae ax cos bx + be ax s e n bx
a2 eax (a cos bx + b s e n bx)
e cos bxdx = +c = +c
ax
a 2 + b2 a 2 + b2
2
a
e (a cos bx + b s e n bx)
ax
Respuesta: e ax cos bxdx = +c
a 2 + b2
4.19.-Encontrar: e x cos 2 xdx
Solucin.- Este ejercicio es un caso particular del ejercicio anterior, donde: a = 1 y
b = 2 . Invitamos al lector, resolverlo por partes, an cuando la respuesta es
inmediata.
e x (cos 2 x + 2s e n 2 x)
Respuesta: e x cos 2 xdx = +c
5
4.20.-Encontrar: e ax s e n bxdx
Solucin.- I L A T E
s e n bx e ax
dv = e ax dx
u = s e n bx
1
du = b cos bxdx v = e ax
a
ax
e s e n bx b ax
e ax s e n bxdx = e cos bxdx , integrando por partes la segunda
a a
integral:
I L A T E
ax
cos bx e
dv = e ax dx
u = cos bx
1
du = b s e n bxdx v = e ax
a
e s e n bx b e ax cos bx b ax
ax
e ax s e n bxdx = + e s e n bxdx
a a a a
e ax s e n bx be ax cos bx b 2 ax
= 2 e s e n bxdx ,
a a2 a
85
Como habr notado el lector, la integral a encontrar aparece con coeficiente 1 en
b2
el primer miembro, y en el segundo con coeficiente: 2 . Transponiendo ste
a
b2 a 2 + b2
trmino al primer miembro y dividiendo por el nuevo coeficiente: 1 + 2 = , se
a a2
tiene:
a 2 + b 2 ax ae ax s e n bx be ax cos bx
2 e s e n bxdx = +c
a a2
ae ax s e n bx be ax cos bx
a2 e ax (a s e n bx b cos bx)
e s e n bxdx = + c = e ax s e n bxdx = +c
ax
a 2 + b2 a 2 + b2
2
a
e (a s e n bx b cos bx)
ax
Respuesta: e ax s e n bxdx = +c
a2 + b2
4.21.-Encontrar: x 1 + xdx
Solucin.- Cuando el integrando, est formado por el producto de funciones
algebraicas, es necesario tomar como dv , la parte ms fcil integrable y u como la
parte ms fcil derivable. Sin embargo, la opcin de ms fcil quedar a criterio
del lector.
dv = (1 + x) 2 dx
1
u=x
2
du = dx v = (1 + x) 2
3
3
2 (1 + x) 2
5
2 2 2
x 1 + xdx = x(1 + x) (1 + x) dx = x(1 + x) +c
3 3 3
2 2 2
3 3 3 3 5
2
4(1 + x)
5
2 2
= x(1 + x) 2 +c
3
3 15
4(1 + x) 2
5
2
Respuesta: x 1 + xdx = x(1 + x) +c
3
2
3 15
x 2 dx
4.22.-Encontrar:
1+ x
2
x dx
Solucin.- = x 2 (1 + x) 2 dx
1
1+ x
1
u = x2 dv = (1 + x) 2 dx
du = 2 xdx v = 2(1 + x)
1
2
x 2 dx
= 2 x 2 1 + x 4 x 1 + xdx , integrando por partes la segunda integral:
1+ x
86
dv = (1 + x) 2 dx
1
u=x
2
du = dx v = (1 + x) 2
3
3
x 2 dx 2 2 3
= 2 x2 1 + x 4 x(1 + x) 2 (1 + x) dx
3 2
1+ x 3 3
8 (1 + x) 2
5
8 8 16
= 2 x 1 + x x(1 + x) 2 + + c = 2 x 2 1 + x x(1 + x) 2 + (1 + x) 2 + c
2 3 3 5
3 3 5 3 15
2
x 2 dx 8 16
Respuesta: = 2 x 2 1 + x x(1 + x) 2 + (1 + x) 2 + c
3 5
1+ x 3 15
xdx
4.23.-Encontrar: x
e
xdx
Solucin.- x = xe x dx
e
I L A T E
x e x
u=x dv = e x dx
du = dx v = e x
xe x dx = xe x + e x dx = xe x e x + c = e x ( x 1) + c = e x ( x + 1) + c
xdx
Respuesta: x
= e x ( x + 1) + c
e
4.24.-Encontrar: x 2 1 x dx
u = 1 x dv = x 2 dx
Solucin.- 1 1 1 dx x3
du = (1 x) 2 (1)dx du = v=
1 x 2 2(1 x) 3
x3 1 x3 x3 1 1
x 2 1 x dx = 1 x + dx = 1 x x2 + x + 1 dx
3 6 1 x 3 6 1 x
x3 1 x3 1 x 2 1 1
= 1 x x 1 x + c
3 6 3 6 2 6 6
3 3 2
x 1 x x x
= 1 x 1 x + c
3 6 18 12 6
x3 1 x3 x 2 x
Respuesta: x 2 1 x dx = 1 x 1 x + c
3 6 18 12 6
4.25.-Encontrar: x s e n xdx
2
Solucin.-
87
u=x dv = s e n 2 xdx
1 cos 2 x
1 1 v= dx
du = dx v = x s e n 2x 2
2 4
1 1 1 1
x s e n 2 xdx = x 2 x s e n 2 x xdx + s e n 2 xdx
2 4 2 4
1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1
= x x s e n 2 x x cos 2 x + c = x x s e n 2 x cos 2 x + c
2 4 4 8 4 4 8
2
x x s e n 2 x cos 2 x
Respuesta: x s e n 2 xdx = +c
4 4 8
Otra solucin.-
1 cos 2 x 1 1 1 x2 1
= =
2
2
=
2 2 2
2
x s e n xdx x dx xdx x cos 2 xdx x cos 2 xdx
2
x2 1
= x cos 2 xdx ; integrando por partes, la segunda integral:
4 2
dv = cos 2 xdx
u=x
1
du = dx v = s e n 2x
2
x 1 x
2
1 x
2
x 1
= = s e n 2 x + s e n 2 xdx
2
x s e n xdx s e n 2 x s e n 2 xdx
4 2 2 2 4 4 4
x2 x 1 1 x2 x cos 2 x
= s e n 2 x + ( cos 2 x) + c = s e n 2 x +c
4 4 4 2 4 4 8
x 2 x s e n 2 x cos 2 x
Respuesta: x s e n xdx =
2
+c
4 4 8
4.26.-Encontrar: x(3 x + 1)7 dx
Solucin.-
u=x dv = (3x + 1)7 dx
du = dx 1
v = (3x + 1) 8 (
v = (3x + 1)7 dx )
24
x 1 x 1 1 (3x + 1)9
x(3 x + 1) dx = (3x + 1) (3x + 1) dx = (3 x + 1)
7 8 8 8
+c
24 24 24 24 3 9
x (3x + 1)9
= (3 x + 1)
8
+c
24 648
x (3x + 1)9
Respuesta: x(3x + 1) dx = (3x + 1)
7 8
+c
24 648
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
88
4.27.- x(2 x + 5)10 dx 4.28.- arcs e n xdx 4.29.- x s e n xdx
4.30.- x cos 3 xdx 4.31.- x 2 x dx 4.32.- x 2 e3 x dx
4.33.- x3e 3 dx 4.34.- x s e n x cos xdx 4.35.- x 2 xdx
x
RESPUESTAS
4.27.- x(2 x + 5)10 dx
Solucin.-
89
dv = (2 x + 5)10 dx
u=x
(2 x + 5)11
du = dx v=
22
x 1 x 1
x(2 x + 5) dx = 22 (2 x + 5) 22 (2 x + 5) dx = 22 (2 x + 5) 44 (2 x + 5) + c
10 11 11 11 12
x 1
= (2 x + 5)11 (2 x + 5)12 + c
22 528
4.28.- arcs e n xdx
Solucin.-
u = arcs e n x
dv = dx
dx Adems: w = 1 x 2 , dw = 2 xdx
du = v=x
1 x2
xdx 1 dw
arcs e n xdx = x arcs e n x 1 x 2
= x arcs e n x +
2w 2
1 = x arcs e n x + 1 x 2 + c
4.29.- x s e n xdx
Solucin.-
u=x dv = s e n xdx
du = dx v = cos x
x s e n xdx = x cos x + cos xdx = x cos x + s e n x + c
4.30.- x cos 3 xdx
Solucin.-
dv = cos 3xdx
u=x
1
du = dx v = s e n 3x
3
x 1 x cos 3 x
x cos 3xdx = 3 s e n 3x 3 s e n 3xdx = 3 s e n 3x + 9 + c
4.31.- x 2 x dx
Solucin.-
dv = 2 x dx
u=x
2 x
du = dx v=
2
x 2 x 1 x 2 x 1 2 x x 1
x2 dx =
x x
+ 2 dx = + +c = x x 2 + c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4.32.- x 2 e3 x dx
Solucin.-
90
dv = e3 x dx
u=x 2
1
du = 2 xdx v = e3 x
3
x2 3x 2
x e dx = e xe3 x dx , integral la cual se desarrolla nuevamente por partes,
2 3x
3 3
u=x dv = e3 x dx
esto es: 1
du = dx v = e3 x
3
x 2
2 x 1 x
2
2 2 x2 2x 2
= e3 x e3 x e3 x dx = e3 x xe3 x + e3 x dx = e3 x e3 x + e3 x + c
3 33 3 3 9 9 3 9 27
4.33.- x3e 3 dx
x
Solucin.-
u = x3 dv = e 3 dx
x
du = 3x 2 dx v = 3e 3
x
u = x2 dv = e 3 dx
x
(
= 3x3e 3 + 9 3 x 2 e
x x
3
x
)
+ 6 xe 3 dx = 3 x3e 3 27 x 2 e 3 + 54 xe 3 dx
x x x
du = dx v = 3e 3
x
=
3x 3 27 x 2
e
x
3
e
x
3
+ (
54 3 xe x3
+ 3 e x3
dx = )
3 x 3 27 x 2 162 x
e
x
3
e 3
e 3
x
x x + 162(3e 3 ) + c
3 2
3 x 27 x 162 x 486
= x x x x +c
e3 e3 e3 e3
4.34.- x s e n x cos xdx
Solucin.-
dv = s e n 2 xdx
u=x
cos 2 x
du = dx v=
2
1 1 x 1
x s e n x cos xdx = 2 x s e n 2 xdx = 2 2 cos 2 x + 2 cos 2 xdx
x 1 x 1
= cos 2 x + cos 2 xdx = cos 2 x + s e n 2 x + c
4 4 4 8
4.35.- x xdx
2
Solucin.-
91
u = x dv = x 2 dx
dx x3
du = v=
x 3
x x 1 2
3
x x x3
3
=
3
= +c
2
x xdx x dx
3 3 9
x
4.36.- 3 dx
x
Solucin.-
u = x dv = x 3 dx
dx 1
du = v= 2
x 2x
x x 1 x 1
x3 dx = x xdx = 2 x2 + 2 x dx = 2 x 2 4 x 2 + c
3 3
x
4.37.- dx
x
Solucin.-
u = x
dv = x 2 dx
1
dx
du = v=2 x
x
x
x dx = x 2 xdx = 2 x x 2 x 2 dx = 2 x x 4 x + c
1 1
92
x2 1 s e n 2 cos d
= arcs e n x
2 2 cos
x2 1 1 cos 2
x2 1 1
= arcs e n x d = arcs e n x d + cos 2 d
2 2
2 2 4 4
x 2
1 1 x 2
1 2s e n cos
= arcs e n x + s e n 2 + c = arcs e n x arcs e n x + +c
2 4 8 2 4 8
Como: s e n = x, cos = 1 x 2 ; luego:
x2 1 1
= arcs e n x arcs e n x + x 1 x 2 + c
2 4 4
xdx
4.40.-
s e n2 x
Solucin.-
u=x dv = cos ec 2 xdx
du = dx v = co gx
xdx
s e n 2 x = x cos ec xdx = x co gx + co gxdx = x co gx + s e n x + c
2
4.41.- e x s e n xdx
Solucin.-
u = sen x dv = e x dx
du = cos xdx v = ex
e s e n xdx = e s e n x e cos xdx , integral la cual se desarrolla por partes, esto es:
x x x
u = cos x dv = e x dx
du = s e n xdx v = ex
( )
= e x s e n x e x cos x + e x s e n xdx = e x s e n x e x cos x e x s e n xdx
Luego se tiene: e x s e n xdx = e x s e n x e x cos x e x s e n xdx , de donde es inmediato:
2 e x s e n xdx = e x (s e n x cos x) + c
ex
e s e n xdx = (s e n x cos x) + c
x
2
4.42.- 3x cos xdx
Solucin.-
dv = 3x dx
u = cos x
3x
du = s e n xdx v=
3
93
3x 1
3 cos xdx = cos x +
3
x x
3 s e n xdx , integral la cual se desarrolla por partes,
3
dv = 3x dx
u = sen x
esto es: 3x
du = cos xdx v=
3
3x 1 3x 1
= cos x
3
+
3 3
sen x
3 3x cos xdx
3x 3x s e n x 1
= cos x + 2 3x cos xdx ,luego:
3 32
3
3x sen x 1
= 3x cos xdx = cos x + 2 3 cos xdx , de donde es inmediato:
x
3 3
1 3x sen x
= (1 + 2 ) 3x cos xdx = cos x + +c
3 3 3
23 +1 x 3x sen x
=(
3
2
) 3 cos xdx =
3
cos x +
3
+c
3x 3 sen x
= 3x cos xdx = 2 cos x + +c
3 +1 3
4.43.- s e n( x)dx
Solucin.-
u = s e n( x)
dv = dx
cos( x)
du = dx v=x
x
s e n( x)dx = x s e n( x) cos( x)dx , integral la cual se desarrolla por partes,
esto es:
u = cos( x)
dv = dx
s e n( x)
du = dx v=x
x
= x s e n( x) x cos( x) + s e n( x)dx = x s e n( x) x cos( x) s e n( x)dx
Se tiene por tanto:
s e n( x)dx = x [s e n( x) cos( x)] s e n( x)dx , de donde es inmediato:
x
2 s e n( x)dx = x [s e n( x) cos( x) ] + c s e n( x)dx = [s e n( x) cos( x)] + c
2
4.44.- ( x 2 2 x + 3) xdx
Solucin.-
94
u = x dv = ( x 2 2 x + 3)dx
dx x3
du = v= x 2 + 3x
x 3
x3 x2
( x 2 x + 3) xdx = ( x 2 + 3 x) x ( x + 3)dx
2
3 3
3 2
x x x3 x3 x2
= ( x 2 + 3x) x dx xdx + 3 dx = ( x 2 + 3 x) x + 3 x + c
3 3 3 9 2
1 x
4.45.- x dx
1+ x
Solucin.-
1 x
u= dv = xdx
1+ x
x2
2dx v=
du = 2 2
x 1
1 x x2 1 x x 2 dx x 2 1 x 1
1+ x
x dx =
2
1+ x
x 1 2
2
=
1+ x
(1 + 2 )dx
x 1
x2 1 x dx x2 1 x 1 x 1
= dx 2 = x +c
2 1+ x x 1 2 1+ x 2 x +1
2x
4.46.- dx
x2
Solucin.-
u = 2x dv = x 2 dx
2 x 1
du = dx v=
x x
x
2
x
2
x 2x
x2 dx =
x
+ 2 x 2
dx =
x
+ 2 x 2 xdx , integral la cual se desarrolla
por partes, esto es:
u = x dv = x 2 dx
dx 1
du = v=
x x
x
2
x dx 2
x 2 x dx 2x 2 x 2
= + 2 + 2 = + 2 2 = +c
x x x x x x x x x
4.47.- x 2 arc g 3 xdx
Solucin.-
u = arc g 3x dv = x 2 dx
3dx x3
du = v=
1 + 9x2 3
95
x3 x3dx x3 1 x3 dx
x arc g 3xdx = arc g 3x =
9 1 + x2
2
arc g 3 x
3 1 + 9 x2 3
9
x3
x3 1 1 x
dx = arc g 3 x 1 x + 1
2
xdx
= arc g 3x x 2 9
3 9 x +1 3 9 2 81 x 2 + 1
9 9
3 2
x x 1 1
= arc g 3x + x2 + + c
3 18 162 9
4.48.- x(arc gx) 2 dx
Solucin.-
u = (arc gx) 2 dv = xdx
2 arc gxdx x2
du = v =
1 + x2 2
2
x x 2 dx
=
2 2
x (arc gx ) dx (arc gx ) (arc gx ) , integral la cual se desarrolla por
2 1 + x2
partes, esto es:
u = arc gx x 2 dx
dv =
dx 1 + x2
du =
1 + x2 v = x arc gx
( x arc gx) dx
2
= ( x arc gx) arc gx ( x arc gx)
2 1 + x 2
( x arc gx) arc gxdx
2
xdx
= x arc gx + (arc gx) 2 +
2 1+ x 2
1 + x2
( x arc gx) (arc gx)
2 2
1
= x arc gx + (arc gx) + (1 + x )
2 2
+c
2 2 2
4.49.- (arcs e n x) 2 dx
Solucin.-
u = (arc s e n x) 2
dv = dx
2 arc s e n xdx
du = v=x
1 x2
xdx
(arcs e n x) dx = x(arcs e n x) 2 arcs e n x
2 2
, integral la cual se desarrolla por
1 x2
u = arcs e n x xdx
dv =
partes, esto es: dx 1 x2
du =
1 x2 v = 1 x2
= x(arcs e n x) 2 2 1 x 2 arcs e n x + dx
= x(arcs e n x) 2 + 2 1 x 2 arcs e n x 2 x + c
96
arcs e n x
4.50.- dx
x2
Solucin.-
u = arcs e n x dv = x 2 dx
dx
du = v=
1
1 x 2
x
arcs e n x arcs e n x dx
x2 dx = x arcs e n xdx = x + x 1 x2
2
arcs e n x x
= + +c
x 1 + 1 x2
arcs e n x
4.51.- dx
1 x
Solucin.-
u = arcs e n x dv =
dx
dx 1 1 x
du =
1 x 2 x v = 2 1 x
arcs e n x dx
1 x
dx = 2 1 x arcs e n x +
x
= 2 1 x arcs e n x + 2 x + c
s e n2 x
4.52.- dx
ex
Solucin.-
u = s e n2 x dv = e x dx
du = 2s e n x cos x v = e x
s e n2 x
e x dx = s e n xe dx = e s e n x + 2 s e n x cos xe dx
2 x x 2 x
s e n 2x x
= e x s e n 2 x + 2 e dx , Integral la cual se desarrolla por partes, esto es:
2
u = s e n 2x dv = e x dx
du = 2 cos 2 xdx v = e x
= e x s e n 2 x + 2 cos 2 xe x dx , Integral la cual se desarrolla por partes, esto es:
u = cos 2 x dv = e x dx
du = 2s e n 2 xdx v = e x
s e n 2 xe dx = e s e n 2 x + 2 ( e cos 2 x 2 s e n 2 xe dx )
x x x x
s e n 2 xe dx = e s e n 2 x 2e cos 2 x 4 s e n 2 xe dx , de donde:
x x x x
5 s e n 2 xe dx = e (s e n 2 x + 2 cos 2 x) + c
x x
97
e x
s e n 2 xe dx =
x
(s e n 2 x + 2 cos 2 x) + c , Sustituyendo en:
5
s e n 2 xdx 2e x
ex
x
= e s e n 2
x (s e n 2 x + 2 cos 2 x) + c
5
4.53.- g 2 x sec3 xdx = (sec 2 x 1) sec3 xdx = sec5 xdx() sec3 xdx()
Solucin.-
u = sec3 x dv = sec 2 xdx
sec xdx ,5
Sea:
du = 3sec3 x gxdx v = gx
= sec x gx sec3 xdx + sec xdx , luego: 2 sec3 xdx = sec x gx + sec xdx
1
Esto es: sec3 xdx = (sec x gx + n sec x gx ) + c , ahora bien:
2
g x sec xdx = sec xdx sec xdx , con ( y )
2 3 5 3
1
g x sec3 xdx = sec3 x gx 3 sec3 x g 2 xdx (sec x gx + n sec x gx ) + c
2
2
1
De lo anterior: 4 g 2 x sec3 xdx = sec3 x gx (sec x gx + n sec x gx ) + c
2
1 1
Esto es: g 2 x sec3 xdx = sec3 x gx (sec x gx + n sec x gx ) + c
4 8
4.54.- x xdx
3 2
Solucin.-
u = 2x dv = x3 dx
2 x x4
du = dx v=
x 4
4
x 1 3
x xdx = 4 x 2 x xdx , integral la cual se desarrolla por partes, esto es:
3 2 2
u = x dv = x3 dx
dx x4
du = v=
x 4
x 4
1 x 4
1 x4 2 1 4 1 x4
= 2x x x 3dx = x x x + +c
4 2 4 4 4 8 8 4
x4 2 1 4 x4
= x x x + + c
4 8 32
98
4.55.- x (9 + x 2 )dx
Solucin.-
u = (9 + x 2 ) dv = xdx
2 xdx x2
du = v =
9 + x2 2
9x
2 3
x x x2
+ = + = (9 + x 2 ) x 2
2 2
x (9 x ) dx (9 x ) dx dx
2 9+ x 2
2 x +9
x2 xdx x2 x2 9
= (9 + x 2 ) xdx + 9 = (9 + x 2
) + ( x 2 + 9) + c
2 9 + x2 2 2 2
x2 9
= (9 + x 2 ) 1 + ( x 2 + 9) + c
2 2
4.56.- arcs e n xdx
Solucin.-
u = arcs e n xdx
dv = dx
dx 1
du = v=x
1 x 2 x
2
xdx 1 1 xdx
arcs e n xdx = x arcs e n x
1 x 2 x
= x arcs e n x
2 1 x
Para la integral resultante, se recomienda la siguiente sustitucin:
1 x = t , de donde: x = 1 t 2 , y dx = 2tdt ( ver capitulo 9)
1 1 t 2 (2 t dt )dx
= x arcs e n x = x arcs e n x + 1 t 2 dt , Se recomienda la
2 t
sustitucin: t = s e n , de donde: 1 t 2 = cos , y dt = cos d . Esto es:
1
= x arcs e n x + cos 2 d = x arcs e n x + (1 + cos 2 )d
2
1 1 1 1
= x arcs e n x + + s e n 2 + c = x arcs e n x + + s e n cos + c
2 4 2 2
arcs e n t t arcs e n 1 x 1 x
= x arcs e n x + + 1 t 2 + c = x arcs e n x + + x +c
2 2 2 2
4.57.- x arc g (2 x + 3)dx
Solucin.-
u = arc g (2 x + 3) dv = xdx
2dx x2
du = v=
1 + (2 x + 3) 2 2
x2 x 2 dx
x arc g (2 x + 3)dx = 2
arc g (2 x + 3)
1 + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 9
99
x2 x 2 dx x2 1 3x + 5
= arc g (2 x + 3) 2 = arc g (2 x + 3) 2 2 dx
2 4 x + 12 x + 10 2 4 4 x + 12 x + 10
x2 1 3x + 5
= arc g (2 x + 3) dx + 2 2 dx
2 4 4 x + 12 x + 10
x2 1 x+ 5
= arc g (2 x + 3) x + 3 2 6 dx
2 4 4 x + 12 x + 10
x2 1 3 8 x + 40
= arc g (2 x + 3) x + 2 6 dx
2 4 8 4 x + 12 x + 10
3 8 x + 12 6
32
x2 1
= arc g (2 x + 3) x + 2 dx
2 4 8 4 x + 12 x + 10
x2 1 3 (8 x + 12)dx 3 32 dx
= arc g (2 x + 3) x + 2
2 4 8 4 x + 12 x + 10 8 6 4 x + 12 x + 10
2
2
x 1 3 dx
= arc g (2 x + 3) x + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 10 2 2
2 4 8 4 x + 12 x + 10
2
x 1 3 dx
= arc g (2 x + 3) x + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 10 2
2 4 8 (2 x + 3) 2 + 1
x2 1 3 2 2dx
= arc g (2 x + 3) x + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 10
2 4 8 2 (2 x + 3) 2 + 1
x2 1 3
= arc g (2 x + 3) x + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 10 arc g (2 x + 3) + c
2 4 8
1 1 3
= ( x 2 2) arc g (2 x + 3) x + 4 x 2 + 12 x + 10 + c
2 2 4
4.58.- e x dx
Solucin.-
u=e x
dv = dx
e x dx
du = v=x
2 x
1 xe x dx dx
e dx = xe , Se recomienda la sustitucin: z = x , dz =
x x
2 2 x 2 x
1 2 z
2
= xe x
z e dz , Esta integral resultante, se desarrolla por partes:
u = z2 dv = e z dz
du = 2 zdz v = ez
1
( )
= xe x z 2 e z 2 ze z dz = xe x
2
z 2e z
2
+ ze z dz , integral que se desarrolla por
partes:
100
u=z dv = e z dz
du = dz v = ez
z 2e z z 2e z xe x
= xe x
+ ze z e z dz = xe x
+ ze z e z + c = xe x
+ xe x
e x
+c
2 2 2
x
= e x + x 1 + c
2
4.59.- cos ( x)dx
2
Solucin.-
u = cos(2 x)
dv = dx
du =
[ s e n(2 x) ] 2dx
v=x
x
1 + cos(2 x) 1 1
cos ( x)dx = dx = dx + cos(2 x)dx
2
2 2 2
1 1 x x
= x + x cos(2 x) + 2 s e n(2 x)dx = + cos(2 x) + s e n(2 x)dx
2 2 2 2
Integral que se desarrolla por partes:
u = s e n(2 x)
dv = dx
du =
[ cos(2 x) ] 2dx
v=x
x
x x
= + cos(2 x) + x s e n(2 x) 2 cos(2 x)dx ,
2 2
Dado que apareci nuevamente: cos(2 x)dx , igualamos:
x 1 x x
+ cos(2 x)dx = + cos(2 x) + x s e n(2 x) 2 cos(2 x)dx , de donde:
2 2 2 2
5 x
2 cos(2 x)dx = cos(2 x) + x s e n(2 x) + c
2
1 x x
2 cos(2 x)dx = cos(2 x) + s e n(2 x) + c , Por tanto:
10 5
x x x
cos ( x)dx = 2 + 10 cos(2 x) + 5 s e n(2 x) + c
2
( x) dx
4.60.- dx , Sustituyendo por: w = x, dw = , Se tiene:
x x
Solucin.-
( x)
x dx = wdw , Esta integral se desarrolla por partes:
u = w
dv = dw
dw
du = v=w
w
= w w dw = w w w + c = w( w 1) + c = x [ ( x) 1] + c
101
4.61.- x + 1 dx
Solucin.-
u = x +1
dv = dx
dx
du = v=x
x +1
xdx 1
x + 1 dx = x x + 1
x +1
= x x + 1 1 dx
x +1
= x x +1 x + x +1 + c
4.62.- x 2 e x dx
Solucin.-
u = x2 dv = e x dx
du = 2 xdx v = ex
x e dx = x e 2 xe dx
2 x 2 x x
du = dx v = ex
= x 2 e x 2 xe x e x dx = x 2 e x 2 xe x + 2e x + c
4.63.- cos n xdx = cos n 1 x cos xdx
Solucin.-
u = cos n 1 x dv = cos xdx
n n
4.64.- s e n xdx = s e n x s e n xdx
n n 1
Solucin.-
u = s e n n 1 x dv = s e n xdx
102
= s e n n 1 x cos x + (n 1) s e n n 2 xdx (n 1) s e n n xdx , Se tiene:
n s e n xdx = s e n
n n 1
x cos x + (n 1) s e n n 2 xdx
s e n n 1 x cos x (n 1)
s e n xdx = +
n
s e n n 2 xdx
n
n
4.65.- x m ( x)n dx = x m +1 ( x)n n x m ( x)n 1 dx m x m ( x)n dx
Solucin.-
u = x m ( x)n
dv = dx
n 1 dx
du = x n( x)
m
+ mx ( x) dx
m 1 n
v=x
x
Se tiene: (m + 1) x m ( x) n dx = x m +1 ( x) n n x m ( x) n 1 dx
x m +1 ( x) n n
x ( x) dx =
(m + 1)
x m ( x) n 1 dx
m n
(m + 1)
4.66.- x3 ( x) 2 dx
Solucin.-
Puede desarrollarse como caso particular del ejercicio anterior, haciendo:
m = 3, n = 2
x3+1 ( x) 2 2 x 4 ( x) 2 1 3
x ( x) dx = 3 + 1 3 + 1 x ( x) dx = 4 2 x ( x)dx
3 2 3 2 1
4 4 4 16
x ( x)
4 2
x 4
x 4
x ( x) dx = 4 8 ( x) + 32 + c
3 2
4.67.- x n e x dx
Solucin.-
u = xn dv = e x dx
du = nx n 1dx v = ex
x e dx = x e n x e dx
n x n x n 1 x
4.68.- x3e x dx
Solucin.-
u = x3 dv = e x dx
du = 3x 2 dx v = ex
103
x 2 e x dx = x 2 e x 2 xe x dx , Adems: xe x dx = xe x e x dx = xe x e x + c
Reemplazando en y luego en :
x e dx = x e 3 x e 2( xe e ) + c
3 x 3 x 2 x x x
x e dx = e ( x 3x + 6 x 6) + c
3 x x 3 2
Solucin.-
u = sec n 2 x dv = sec 2 xdx
104
4.73.- arcs e n axdx
Solucin.-
u = arcs e n ax
dv = dx
adx
du = v=x
1 a2 x2
axdx 1 (2a 2 x)dx
arcs e n axdx = x arcs e n ax 1 a2 x2
= x arcs e n ax +
2a 1 a 2 x 2
1 (1 a 2 x 2 ) 2
1
1
= x arcs e n ax + + c = x arcs e n ax + 1 a2 x2 + c
2a 1 a
2
4.74.- x s e n axdx
Solucin.-
dv = s e n axdx
u=x
1
du = dx v = cos ax
a
x 1 x 1
x s e n axdx = a cos ax + a cos axdx = a cos ax + a 2
s e n ax + c
1 x
= 2
s e n ax cos ax + c
a a
4.75.- x cos axdx
2
Solucin.-
dv = cos axdx
u = x2
1
du = 2 xdx v = s e n ax
a
x2 2
x cos axdx = s e n ax x s e n axdx , aprovechando el ejercicio anterior:
2
a a
x 2
2 1 x x2 2 2x
= s e n ax 2 s e n ax cos ax + c = s e n ax 3 s e n ax 2 cos ax + c
a aa a a a a
4.76.- x sec 2 axdx
Solucin.-
u=x dv = sec 2 axdx
1
du = dx v = gax
a
x 1 x 11
x sec axdx = a gax a gaxdx = a gax a a sec ax + c
2
x 1
= gax 2 sec ax + c
a a
4.77.- cos( x)dx
Solucin.-
105
u = cos( x)
dv = dx
s e n( x)
du = dx v=x
x
cos( x)dx = x cos( x) + s e n( x)dx , aprovechando el ejercicio:4.43
x
s e n( x)dx = 2 [s e n( x) cos( x)] + c , Luego:
x x x
= x cos( x) + [s e n( x) cos( x)] + c = x cos( x) + s e n( x) cos( x) + c
2 2 2
x
= [ cos( x) + s e n( x)] + c
2
4.78.- (9 + x 2 )dx
Solucin.-
u = (9 + x 2 )
dv = dx
2 xdx
du = v=x
9 + x2
x 2 dx 9
(9 + x 2 )dx = x (9 + x 2 ) 2
9+ x 2
= x (9 + x 2 ) 2 1 2
9+ x
dx
dx
= x (9 + x 2 ) 2 dx + 18 =x (9 + x 2 ) 2 x + 6 arc g x + c
9+ x 2 3
4.79.- x cos(2 x + 1)dx
Solucin.-
dv = cos(2 x + 1)dx
u=x
1
du = dx v = s e n(2 x + 1)
2
x 1
x cos(2 x + 1)dx = 2 s e n(2 x + 1) 2 s e n(2 x + 1)dx
x 1
= s e n(2 x + 1) + cos(2 x + 1) + c
2 4
4.80.- x arc sec xdx
Solucin.-
u = arc sec x dv = xdx
dx x2
du = v=
x x2 1 2
2
x 1 xdx x2 1 2
x arc sec xdx = 2 arc sec x 2 x 2 1 = 2 arc sec x 2 x 1 + c
4.81.- arc sec xdx
Solucin.-
106
u = arc sec x
dv = dx
1 dx
du = v=x
2 x x 1
1 dx
arc sec xdx = x arc sec x
2 x 1
= x arc sec x x 1 + c
a2 x2 dx x 2 dx
4.82.- a 2 x 2 dx = dx = a 2
a2 x2 a2 x2 a2 x2
x xdx
= a 2 arcs e n x , integral que se desarrolla por partes:
a a2 x2
Solucin.-
xdx
u=x dv =
a2 x2
du = dx
v = a2 x2
x
( )
= a 2 arcs e n x a 2 x 2 + a 2 x 2 dx , Se tiene que:
a
x
a x dx = a arcs e n a + x a x a x dx , De donde:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
x
2 a 2 x 2 dx = a 2 arcs e n + x a 2 x 2 + c
a
2
a x x 2
a x dx = 2 arcs e n a + 2 a x + c
2 2 2
4.83.- 1 x dx
Solucin.-
u = 1 x
dv = dx
dx
du = v=x
1 x
xdx 1
1 x dx = x 1 x
x 1
= x 1 x 1 + dx
x 1
dx
= x 1 x dx = x 1 x x x 1 + c
x 1
4.84.- ( x 2 + 1)dx
Solucin.-
u = ( x 2 + 1)
dv = dx
2 xdx
du = 2 v=x
x +1
x 2 dx 1
( x 2 + 1)dx = x ( x 2 + 1) 2
x +1
2
= x ( x 2 + 1) 2 1 2 dx
x +1
= x ( x 2 + 1) 2 x + 2 arc gx + c
107
4.85.- arc g xdx
Solucin.-
u = arc g x
dv = dx
dx 1
du = v=x
1+ x 2 x
1 xdx
arc g xdx = x arc g x
2 1+ x
En la integral resultante, se recomienda la
2 2 x 1 2
2 2
x arc gx
4.88.- dx
( x 2 + 1) 2
Solucin.-
xdx
u = arc gx dv =
( x + 1) 2
2
dx
du = 2 1
x +1 v=
2( x 2 + 1)
x arc gx arc gx 1 dx
( x2 + 1)2 dx = 2( x 2 + 1) + 2 ( x 2 + 1)2 , Se recomienda la siguiente sustitucin:
108
x = g , de donde: dx = sec 2 d ; x 2 + 1 = sec 2
arc gx 1 sec 2 d arc gx 1 arc gx 1 1 + cos 2 d
+ + cos 2 d =
2( x 2 + 1) 2
= = +
2( x + 1) 2 sec
2 4
2( x + 1) 2
2
2
arc gx 1 1 arc gx 1 1
= + + s e n 2 + c = + arc gx + s e n cos + c
2( x + 1) 4
2
8 2( x + 1) 4
2
4
arc gx 1 1 x 1
= + arc gx + +c
2( x + 1) 4
2
4 x2 + 1 x2 + 1
arc gx 1 x
= + arc gx + +c
2( x + 1) 4
2
4( x + 1)
2
xdx
4.89.- arcs e n x
(1 x 2 )3
Solucin.-
xdx
u = arcs e n x dv =
(1 x 2 ) 2
3
dx
du = 1
1 x2 v=
1 x2
xdx arcs e n x dx arcs e n x 1 1 x
arcs e n x (1 x 2 )3 = 1 x 2 1 x2 = 1 x 2 + 2 1 + x + c
4.90.- x 2 1 xdx
Solucin.-
u = 1 x dv = x 2 dx
dx x3
du = v=
2 1 x 3
3 3
x 1 x dx
x 1 xdx = 3 1 x + 6 1 x , Se recomienda
2
usar la siguiente
109
IMPORTANTE: En este captulo ningn resultado, o casi ninguno, se presentaron
en su forma ms reducida. Esto es intencional. Una de las causas del fracaso en
stos tpicos, a veces est en el mal uso del lgebra elemental.
He aqu una oportunidad para mejorar tal eficiencia. Exprese cada resultado en su
forma ms reducida.
110
CAPITULO 5
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
dx
5.1.-Encontrar:
x + 2x + 5
2
111
dx 1
Respuesta: = arc g (2 x + 1) + c
4x + 4x + 2 2
2
2 xdx
5.3.-Encontrar: 2
x x +1
Solucin.- u = x x + 1, du = (2 x 1)dx
2
112
du dw 1 w
= dx 3 2 = x u 3 arc g + c
u w +a 2
a a
3 x + 1
= x x 2 + 2 x + 5 arc g +c
2 2
x 2 dx 3 x +1
Respuesta: 2 = x x 2 + 2 x + 5 arc g +c
x + 2x + 5 2 2
2x 3
5.5.-Encontrar: 2 dx
x + 2x + 2
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 + 2 x + 2, du = (2 x + 2)dx
2x 3 2x + 2 5 2x + 2 dx
x2 + 2 x + 2dx = x 2 + 2 x + 2dx = x 2 + 2 x + 2dx 5 x 2 + 2 x + 2
du dx
= dx 5 2 , Completando cuadrados:
u x + 2x + 2
x 2 + 2 x + 2 = ( x + 1) 2 + 12 . Luego:
du dx
= dx 5 , Sea: w = x + 1, du = dx; a = 1 . Entonces se tiene:
u ( x + 1) 2 + 12
du dx 1 w
= dx 5 2 = u 5 arc g + c = x 2 + 2 x + 5 5arc g ( x + 1) + c
u w +a 2
a a
2x 3
Respuesta: 2 dx = x 2 + 2 x + 5 5arc g ( x + 1) + c
x + 2x + 2
dx
5.6.-Encontrar:
x 2x 8
2
dx
Respuesta: = x 1 + x2 2 x 8 + c
x 2x 8
2
xdx
5.7.-Encontrar:
x2 2 x + 5
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 2 x + 5, du = (2 x 2)dx . Luego:
xdx 1 2 xdx 1 2x 2 + 2
x 2 2 x + 5 = 2 x 2 2 x + 5 = 2 x 2 2 x + 5 dx
1 (2 x 2)dx 2 dx 1 du dx
= + = +
2 x2 2 x + 5 2 x2 2 x + 5 2 u x2 2x + 5
Completando cuadrados se tiene: x + 2 x + 5 = ( x 1) 2 + 22 . Por lo tanto:
2
113
1 1 2 dx
=
2 u du +
( x 1) 2 + 22
. Sea: w = x 1, du = dx; a = 2
1
1 1 dw 1 u2
= u 2 du + = + w + w2 + a 2 + c = u 2 + w + w 2 + a 2 + c
1
2 w +a
2 2 2 1
2
= x2 + 2x + 5 + x 1 + x2 2x + 5 + c
xdx
Respuesta: = x2 2x + 5 + x 1 + x2 2x + 5 + c
x 2x + 5
2
( x + 1)dx
5.8.-Encontrar:
2 x x2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 2 x x 2 , du = (2 2 x)dx .Luego:
( x + 1)dx 1 2( x + 1)dx 1 (2 x 2)dx 1 (2 x + 2 4)dx
2 x x2 = 2 2 x x2 = 2 2 x x2 = 2 2 x x2
1 (2 2 x)dx 4 dx 1 du dx
= + = + 2
2 2 x x2 2 2x x2 2 u 2x x2
Completando cuadrados: 2 x x = ( x 2 x) = ( x 2 2 x + 1 1) = ( x 2 2 x + 1) + 1
2 2
2
2
( x + 1)dx
Respuesta: = 2 x x 2 + 2 arcs e n( x 1) + c
2x x 2
xdx
5.9.-Encontrar:
5x2 2 x + 1
Solucin.- Sea: u = 5 x 2 2 x + 1, du = (10 x 2)dx . Luego:
xdx 1 10 xdx 1 (10 x 2 + 2)dx
5 x2 2 x + 1 = 10 5 x 2 2 x + 1 = 10 5 x2 2 x + 1
1 (10 x 2)dx 2 dx 1 du 1 dx
= + = +
10 5 x 2 x + 1 10
2
5 x 2 x + 1 10
2
u 5 5x 2 x + 1
2
1 du 1 dx 1 1 dx
= + = u 2 du +
1
10 u 5 5( x 2 2 x + 1 ) 10 5 5 ( x2 2 x + 1 )
5 5 5 5
2 1 2 1
Completando cuadrados: x 2 x + = ( x 2 x + __) + __
5 5 5 5
2 1 1 1
= ( x2 x + ) + = ( x 1 ) 2 + ( 2 ) 2 , Luego es equivalente:
5 25 5 25 5 5
114
1 1 dx
1
= u 2 du + , Sea: w = x 1 , dw = dx; a = 2 ,
10 5 5
5 5 (x ) + ( )
1 2 2 2
5 5
1
1 1 dw 1 u2 1
Entonces: = u du + w + w2 + a 2 + c
1
2
= +
10 5 5 w +a
2 2 10 1 5 5
2
5x2 2 x + 1 1 1 5x2 2 x + 1
= + x + +c
5 5 5 5 5
1
1 1 dw 1 u2 w
= u 2 du + 2 = + 2 arcs e n + c
2 a 2 w2 2 1 a
2
x2
= 5 + 4 x x 2 + 2 arcs e n +c
3
xdx x2
Respuesta: = 5 + 4 x x 2 + 2 arcs e n +c
5 + 4x x 2 3
dx
5.11.-Encontrar:
2 + 3x 2 x 2
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
3 9 25
2 + 3x 2 x 2 = (2 x 2 3 x 2) = 2( x 2 3 x 1) = 2( x 2 x + )
2 2 16 16
3 9 25
= 2 ( x 2 x + ) = 2 ( x 3 ) 2 ( 5 ) 2 = 2 ( 5 ) 2 ( x 3 ) 2 , luego:
2 16 16 4 4 4 4
dx dx 1 dx
2 + 3x 2 x 2 = 5 2 =
2 ( ) ( x 3 )2 2 ( 5 ) ( x 3 )2
2
4 4 4 4
Sea: w = x 3 , dw = dx, a = 5 . Luego:
4 4
115
1 dx 1 dw 1 w 1 x 3
= = a w
= arcs e n
a
+ c = arcs e n
5
4 +c
(5 ) (x 3 )
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 4
2 4x 3
= arcs e n +c
2 5
dx 2 4x 3
Respuesta: = arcs e n +c
2 + 3x 2 x 2 2 5
dx
5.12.-Encontrar: 2
3 x + 12 x + 42
Solucin.-
dx dx 1 dx 1 dx
3x 2 + 12 x + 42 = 3( x 2 + 4 x + 14) = 3 ( x2 + 4 x + 14) = 3 ( x 2 + 4 x + 4 + 10) =
1 dx 1 dx 1 1 x+2
= = = arc g +c
3 ( x + 2) + 10 3 ( x + 2) + ( 10)
2 2 2
3 10 10
dx 10 x+2
Respuesta: = arc g +c
3x + 12 x + 42 30
2
10
3x 2
5.13.-Encontrar: 2 dx
x 4x + 5
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 4 x + 5, du = (2 x 4)dx , Luego:
3x 2 xdx dx ( x 2) + 2 dx
x2 4 x + 5dx = 3 x 2 4 x + 5 2 x2 4 x + 5 = 3 x2 4 x + 5 2 x 2 4 x + 5
( x 2) dx dx 3 du dx
= 3 2 + 6 2 2 2 = + 4 2
x 4x + 5 x 4x + 5 x 4x + 5 2 u x 4x + 5
3 du dx 3 dx
= + 4 2 = x 2 4 x + 5 + 4
2 u ( x 4 x + 4) + 1 2 ( x 2) 2 + 1
3
= x 2 4 x + 5 + 4 arc g ( x 2) + c
2
3x 2 3
Respuesta: 2 dx = x 2 4 x + 5 + 4 arc g ( x 2) + c
x 4x + 5 2
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
116
xdx ( x 1)dx (2 x 3)dx
5.20.- 5.21.- 5.22.-
27 + 6 x x 2 3x 2 4 x + 3 x 2 + 6 x + 15
dx (2 x + 2)dx (2 x + 4)dx
5.23.- 2 5.24.- 2 5.25.-
4 x + 4 x + 10 x 4x + 9 4 x x2
( x + 6)dx
2 ( x + 2 )dx
3 dx
5.27.- 5.28.- 2
5.26.- 2 5 4x x2 2 x + 20 x + 60
3 9 x 12 x + 8
3dx dx 5dx
5.29.- 5.30.- 5.31.-
80 + 32 x 4 x 2 12 x 4 x 2 8 28 12 x x 2
5.32.- 12 8 x 4 x 2 dx 5.33.- x 2 x + 5 dx 5.34.- 2
dx
4 x 2x + 5
(1 x)dx xdx (2 x + 3)dx
5.35.- 5.36.- 5.37.- 2
8 + 2x x 2 x + 4x + 5
2
4x + 4x + 5
( x + 2)dx (2 x + 1)dx dx
5.38.- 2 5.39.- 2 5.40.-
x + 2x + 2 x + 8x 2 x2 6 x
( x 1)dx
5.41.- 2
x + 2x + 2
RESPUESTAS
5.14.- x 2 2 x 3dx
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 2 x 3 = ( x 2 2 x + 1) 3 1 = ( x 1) 2 4 = ( x 1) 2 22
Haciendo: u = x 1, du = dx; a = 2 , se tiene:
x 2 2 x 3dx = ( x 1) 2 22 dx = u 2 a 2 du
1 1
= u u2 a2 a2 u + u2 a2 + c
2 2
1 1
= ( x 1) ( x 1) 2 22 22 ( x 1) + ( x 1)2 22 + c
2 2
1
= ( x 1) x 2 2 x 3 2 ( x 1) + x 2 2 x 3 + c
2
5.15.- 12 + 4x x 2 dx
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
12 + 4 x x 2 = ( x 2 4 x 12) = ( x 2 4 x + 4 12 4) = ( x 2 4 x + 4) + 16
= 42 ( x 2) 2
Haciendo: u = x 2, du = dx; a = 4 , se tiene:
1 1 u
12 + 4 x x 2 dx = 42 ( x 2) 2 dx = a 2 u 2 du = u a 2 u 2 + a 2 arcs e n + c
2 2 a
117
1 1 ( x 2)
= ( x 2) 42 ( x 2)2 + 42 arcs e n +c
2 2 4
1 ( x 2)
= ( x 2) 12 + 4 x x 2 + 8arcs e n +c
2 4
5.16.- x 2 + 4 xdx
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 + 4 x = ( x 2 + 4 x + 4) 4 = ( x + 2) 2 22
Haciendo: u = x + 2, du = dx; a = 2 , se tiene:
x 2 + 4 xdx = ( x + 2) 2 22 dx = u 2 a 2 du
1 1
= u u2 a2 a2 u + u2 a2 + c
2 2
1 1
= ( x + 2) ( x + 2) 2 22 22 ( x + 2) + ( x + 2) 2 22 + c
2 2
( x + 2) 2
= x + 4 x 2 ( x + 2) + x 2 + 4 x + c
2
5.17.- x 2 8 xdx
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 8 x = ( x 2 8 x + 16) 16 = ( x 4) 2 42
Haciendo: u = x 4, du = dx; a = 4 , se tiene:
1 1 2
( x 4) 4 dx = u a du = 2 u u a 2 a u + u a + c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
= ( x 4) ( x 4) 2 42 42 ( x 4) + ( x 4) 2 42 + c
2 2
( x 4) 2
= x 8 x 8 ( x 4) + x 2 8 x + c
2
5.18.- 6x x 2 dx
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
6 x x 2 = ( x 2 6 x) = ( x 2 6 x + 9 9) = ( x 2 6 x + 9) + 9 = 32 ( x 3) 2
Haciendo: u = x 3, du = dx; a = 3 , se tiene:
1 1 2 u
6 x x dx = 3 ( x 3) dx = a u du = 2 u a u + 2 a arcs e n a + c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 x 3
= ( x 3) 32 ( x 3) 2 + 32 arcs e n +c
2 2 3
( x 3) 9 x 3
= 6 x x 2 + arcs e n +c
2 2 3
(5 4 x)dx
5.19.-
12 x 4 x 2 8
Solucin.- Sea: u = 12 x 4 x 2 8, du = (12 8 x)dx
118
(5 4 x)dx (4 x + 5)dx 1 2(4 x + 5)dx 1 (8 x + 10)dx
12 x 4 x 2 8
=
= =
12 x 4 x 2 8 2 12 x 4 x 2 8 2 12 x 4 x 2 8
1 (8 x + 12 2)dx 1 (8 x + 12)dx dx
= =
2 12 x 4 x 8 2 12 x 4 x 8
2 2
12 x 4 x 2 8
1 (8 x + 12)dx dx 1 (8 x + 12)dx 1 dx
= =
2 12 x 4 x 8 2
4(3x x 2) 2 12 x 4 x 8 2
2 2
3x x 2 2
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
9 9 9 9
3 x x 2 2 = ( x 2 3x + 2) = ( x 2 3 x + + 2) = ( x 2 3 x + ) + 2
4 4 4 4
1 1 3
= ( x 3 ) 2 + = ( ) 2 ( x ) 2
2 4 2 2
1 (8 x + 12)dx 1 dx
=
2 12 x 4 x 2 8 2 ( 1 )2 ( x 3 )2
2 2
Haciendo: u = 12 x 4 x 8, du = (12 8 x)dx y w = x 3 , dw = dx , entonces:
2
2
1
1 du 1 dw 1 u 2
1 w
= = arcs e n +c
2 u 2 ( 1 ) 2 w2 2 1 2 1
2 2 2
1 1
= u 2 arcs e n 2 w + c = 12 x 4 x 2 8 arcs e n(2 x 3) + c
1
2 2
xdx
5.20.-
27 + 6 x x 2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 27 + 6 x x 2 , du = (6 2 x)dx
xdx 1 2 xdx 1 (2 x + 6 6)dx
27 + 6 x x2 = 2 27 + 6 x x 2 = 2 27 + 6 x x2
1 (2 x + 6)dx dx 1 du dx
= + 3 = + 3
2 27 + 6 x x 2
27 + 6 x x 2 2 u 27 + 6 x x 2
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
27 + 6 x x 2 = ( x 2 6 x 27) = ( x 2 6 x + 9 9 27) = ( x 2 6 x + 9) + 36
= 62 ( x 3) 2 , Luego:
x 3
1
1 1 2 dx 1 u2
=
2 u du + 3
62 ( x 3) 2
=
2 1
+ 3arcs e n
6
+c
2
x 3 x3
= u 2 + 3arcs e n + c = 27 + 6 x x 2 + 3arcs e n +c
1
6 6
( x 1)dx
5.21.- 2
3x 4 x + 3
Solucin.- Sea: u = 3x 2 4 x + 3, du = (6 x 4)dx
( x 1)dx 1 (6 x 6)dx 1 (6 x 4 2)dx 1 (6 x 4)dx 1 dx
3x 2 4 x + 3 = 6 3x 2 4 x + 3 = 6 3x 2 4 x + 3 = 6 3x 2 4 x + 3 3 3x 2 4 x + 3
119
1 du 1 dx 1 du 1 dx
= 2 =
6 u 3 3x 4 x + 3 6 u 3 3( x 2 4 x + 1)
3
1 du 1 dx
= 2
6 u 9 (x 4 x + 1)
3
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
4 4 4 4 4 4 5
x 2 x + 1 = ( x 2 x + ) + 1 = ( x 2 x + ) + = ( x 2 )2 + ( 5 )2
3 3 9 9 3 9 9 3 3
1 du 1 dx 1 1 1 x2
= = u arc g 3 +c
6 u 9 ( x 2 )2 + ( 5 )2 6 9 5 5
3 3 3 3
1 5 3x 2
= 3x 2 4 x + 3 arc g +c
6 15 5
(2 x 3)dx
5.22.- 2
x + 6 x + 15
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 + 6 x + 15, du = (2 x + 6)dx
(2 x 3)dx (2 x + 6 9)dx (2 x + 6)dx dx
x2 + 6 x + 15 = x 2 + 6 x + 15 = x2 + 6 x + 15 9 x 2 + 6 x + 15
du dx
= 9 2 , Completando cuadrados se tiene:
u x + 6 x + 15
x 2 + 6 x + 15 = ( x 2 + 6 x + 9) + 15 9 = ( x + 3) 2 + 62 = ( x + 3) 2 + ( 6)2
du dx 1 x+3
= 9 = x 2 + 6 x + 15 9 arc g +c
u ( x + 3) + ( 6)
2 2
6 6
3 6 x+3
= x 2 + 6 x + 15 arc g +c
2 6
dx
5.23.-
4 x + 4 x + 10
2
Solucin.-
dx dx 1 dx
4 x 2 + 4 x + 10 = 4( x 2 + x + 5 ) = 4 ( x2 + x + 5 ) , Completando cuadrados:
2 2
5 1 5 1 1 9 1 3
x 2 + x + = ( x 2 + x + ) + = ( x + )2 + = ( x + )2 + ( )2
2 4 2 4 2 4 2 2
x+ 1
=
1 dx
=
1 1
arc g 2 + c = 1 arc g 2 x + 1 + c
1 3
4 ( x + )2 + ( )2 4 3 3 6 3
2 2
2 2
(2 x + 2)dx
5.24.- 2
x 4x + 9
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 4 x + 9, du = (2 x 4)dx
120
(2 x + 2)dx (2 x 4 + 6)dx (2 x 4)dx dx
x 2
4x + 9
= 2
x 4x + 9
= 2
x 4x + 9
+ 6 2
x 4x + 9
du dx
= + 6 2 , Completando cuadrados se tiene:
u x 4x + 9
x 2 4 x + 9 = ( x 2 4 x + 4) + 9 4 = ( x 2) 2 + 5 = ( x 2) 2 + ( 5) 2 ,
du dx 1 x2
= + 6 = u +6 arc g +c
u ( x 2) + ( 5)
2 2
5 5
6 5 x2
= x2 4 x + 9 + arc g +c
5 5
(2 x + 4)dx
5.25.-
4 x x2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 4 x x 2 + 9, du = (4 2 x)dx
(2 x + 4)dx (2 x 4)dx (2 x + 4 8)dx (2 x + 4)dx dx
4 x x 2 = 4 x x 2 = 4 x x 2 = 4 x x 2 + 8 4 x x 2
dx
= u 2 du + 8
1
, Completando cuadrados se tiene:
4 x x2
4 x x 2 = ( x 2 4 x) = ( x 2 4 x + 4 4) = ( x 2 4 x + 4) + 4 = 22 ( x 2) 2
dx x2
= u 2 du + 8
1
= 2u 2 + 8arcs e n +c
1
2 ( x 2)
2 2 2
x2
= 2 4 x x 2 + 8arcs e n +c
2
2 ( x + 2 )dx
3
5.26.- 2
3 9 x 12 x + 8
Solucin.- Sea: u = 9 x 2 12 x + 8, du = (18 x 12)dx
2 ( x + 2 )dx
3
2 1 (18 x + 27)dx 1 (18 x + 27)dx 1 (18 x 12 + 39)dx
3 9 x 12 x + 8 3 18 9 x 2 12 x + 8 27 9 x 2 12 x + 8 27 9 x 2 12 x + 8
2
= = =
1 (18 x 12)dx 39 dx 1 du 39 dx
= + 2 = +
27 9 x 12 x + 8 27 9 x 12 x + 8 27 u 27 9( x 2 4 x + 8 )
2
3 9
1 du 39 dx
27 u 27 9 ( x 2 4 x + 8 )
= +
3 9
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
4 8 4 4 8 4
x 2 + = ( x 2 x + ) + = ( x 2 )2 + 4 = ( x 2 )2 + ( 2 )2
3 9 3 9 9 9 3 9 3 3
1 du 39 dx 1 39 1 x2
27 u 27 9 ( x 2 ) 2 + ( 2 ) 2 27
= + = u + arc g 3 +c
27 9 2 2
3 3 3 3
121
1 13 3x 2
= 9 x 2 12 x + 8 arc g +c
27 54 2
( x + 6)dx
5.27.-
5 4 x x2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 5 4 x x 2 , du = (4 2 x)dx
( x + 6)dx 1 (2 x 12)dx 1 (2 x 4 8)dx
5 4 x x2 = 2 5 4 x x2 = 2 5 4 x x2
1 (2 x 4)dx dx 1 du dx
= + 4 = + 4
2 5 4x x 2
5 4x x 2 2 u 5 4 x x2
Completando cuadrados se tiene: 5 4 x x 2 = 9 ( x + 2) 2 = 32 ( x + 2) 2
1 du dx x+2
= + 4 = u + 4 arcs e n +c
2 u 3 ( x + 2)
2 2 3
x+2
= 5 4 x x 2 + 4 arcs e n +c
3
dx
5.28.-
2 x + 20 x + 60
2
Solucin.-
dx 1 dx
2 x 2 + 20 x + 60 = 2 x 2 + 10 x + 30 , Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 + 10 x + 30 = ( x 2 + 10 x + 25) + 5 = ( x + 5) 2 + ( 5) 2
1 dx 1 1 x+5 5 x+5
=
2 ( x + 5) + ( 5)
2 2
=
2 5
arc g
5
+c =
10
arc g
5
+c
3dx
5.29.-
80 + 32 x 4 x 2
Solucin.-
3dx 3dx 3 dx
80 + 32 x 4 x 2 = 4(20 + 8 x x 2 ) = 2 (20 + 8x x2 )
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
20 + 8 x x 2 = ( x 2 8 x 20) = ( x 2 8 x + 16 20 16) = ( x 2 8 x + 16) + 36
= ( x 4) 2 + 62 = 62 ( x 4) 2
3 dx 3 x4
= = arcs e n +c
2 6 ( x 4)
2 2 2 6
dx
5.30.-
12 x 4 x 2 8
Solucin.-
dx dx 1 dx
12 x 4 x 2 8 = 4( x 2 + 3x 2) = 2 ( x 2 + 3x 2)
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
122
9 9 9 1
x 2 + 3x 2 = ( x 2 3 x + 2) = ( x 2 3x + + 2 ) = ( x 2 3x + ) +
4 4 4 4
= ( ) (x )
1 2 3 2
2 2
1 dx 1 x 3
= = arcs e n 2 + c = 1 arcs e n(2 x 3) + c
2 ( 1 ) (x 3 )
2 2 2 1 2
2 2 2
5dx
5.31.-
28 12 x x 2
Solucin.-
5dx dx
28 12 x x2 = 5 28 12 x x 2 , Completando cuadrados se tiene:
28 12 x x 2 = 82 ( x + 6) 2
dx x+6
= 5 = 5arcs e n +c
8 ( x + 6)
2 2 8
5.32.- 12 8 x 4 x 2 dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = x + 1, du = dx; a = 2
12 8 x 4 x 2 dx = 4(3 2 x x 2 )dx = 2 3 2 x x 2 dx
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
3 2 x x 2 = ( x 2 + 2 x 3) = ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + 4 = 22 ( x + 1) 2
1 a2 u
2 22 ( x + 1) 2 dx = 2 a 2 u 2 du = 2( u a 2 u 2 + arcs e n ) + c
2 2 a
x + 1
= ( x + 1) x 2 2 x + 3 + 4 arcs e n +c
2
5.33.- x 2 x + 5 dx
4
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 1 , du = dx; a = 1
2
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x2 x + 5 = ( x 1 )2 + 1
4 2
x 2 x + 5 dx = ( x 1 ) 2 + 1dx = u 2 + a 2 du
4 2
1 1
= u u2 + a2 + a2 u + u2 + a2 + c
2 2
1 1
= ( x 1 ) x2 x + 5 + x 1 + x2 x + 5 + c
2 2 4 2 2 4
1 1
= (2 x 1) x 2 x + 5 + x 1 + x 2 x + 5 + c
4 4 2 2 4
dx
5.34.- 2
x 2x + 5
123
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 2 x + 5 = ( x 2 2 x + 4) + 1 = ( x 2) 2 + 1
dx dx
x 2 2 x + 5 = ( x 2)2 + 1 = arc g ( x 2) + c
(1 x)dx
5.35.-
8 + 2 x x2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 8 + 2 x x 2 , du = (2 2 x)dx = 2(1 x)dx
(1 x)dx 1 du 1 1
8 + 2 x x 2 = 2 u = 2 u 2 du = u + c = 8 + 2 x x + c
2
xdx
5.36.- 2
x + 4x + 5
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 + 4 x + 5, du = (2 x + 4)dx
xdx 1 2 xdx 1 (2 x + 4) 4
x2 + 4 x + 5 = 2 x 2 + 4 x + 5 = 2 x 2 + 4 x + 5 dx
1 (2 x + 4)dx dx 1 du dx
= 2 2 2 = 2 2 , Completando cuadrados se
2 x + 4x + 5 x + 4x + 5 2 u x + 4x + 5
tiene: x 2 + 4 x + 5 = ( x 2 + 4 x + 4) + 1 = ( x + 2) 2 + 1
1 du dx 1
= 2 = u 2 arc g ( x + 2) + c
2 u ( x + 2) + 1 2
2
1
= x 2 + 4 x + 5 2 arc g ( x + 2) + c
2
(2 x + 3)dx
5.37.- 2
4x + 4x + 5
Solucin.- Sea: u = 4 x 2 + 4 x + 5, du = (8 x + 4)dx
(2 x + 3)dx 1 (8 x + 12)dx 1 (8 x + 4) + 8
4 x 2 + 4 x + 5 = 4 4 x 2 + 4 x + 5 = 4 4 x 2 + 4 x + 5 dx
1 (8 x + 4)dx dx 1 du dx 1 du dx
4 4x + 4x + 5
2
+ 2 2 =
4x + 4x + 5 4 u
+ 2 2 =
4x + 4x + 5 4 u
+ 2
4( x 2 + x + 5 )
4
1 du 1 dx
= + 2 , Completando cuadrados se tiene:
4 u 2 (x + x + 5 )
4
5 1
x2 + x + = ( x 2 + x + ) + 1 = ( x + 1 )2 + 1
4 4 2
1 du 1 dx 1 1
= + = u + arc g ( x + 1 ) + c
4 u 2 (x + 1 ) +1 4 2
2 2
2
( x + 2)dx
5.38.- 2
x + 2x + 2
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 + 2 x + 2, du = (2 x + 2)dx
124
( x + 2)dx 1 (2 x + 4)dx 1 (2 x + 2) + 2 1 (2 x + 2)dx dx
x 2
= 2 = 2
+ 2x + 2 2 x + 2x + 2 2 x + 2x + 2
dx = 2
2 x + 2x + 2
+ 2
x + 2x + 2
1 du dx 1 du dx
=
2 u x 2 + 2 x + 2 2 u ( x + 1) 2 + 1
+ = +
1 1
= u + arc g ( x + 1) + c = x 2 + 2 x + 2 + arc g ( x + 1) + c
2 2
(2 x + 1)dx
5.39.- 2
x + 8x 2
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 + 8 x 2, du = (2 x + 8)dx
(2 x + 1)dx (2 x + 8) 7 dx (2 x + 8)dx dx
x2 + 8x 2 = x2 + 8x 2 = x2 + 8x 2 7 x2 + 8x 2
du dx du dx
= 7 2 = 7
u ( x + 8 x + 16) 18 u ( x + 4) (3 2) 2
2
1 ( x + 4) (3 2)
= u 7 +c
2(3 2) ( x + 4) + (3 2)
7 2 ( x + 4) (3 2)
= x2 + 8x 2 +c
12 ( x + 4) + (3 2)
dx
5.40.-
x2 6 x
Solucin.- Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 6 x = ( x 2 + 6 x) = ( x 2 + 6 x + 9) + 9 = 32 ( x + 3) 2
dx x+3
32 ( x + 3)2 = arcs e n 3 + c
( x 1)dx
5.41.-
x2 + 2x + 2
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 + 2 x + 2, du = (2 x + 2)dx
( x 1)dx 1 (2 x + 2) 4 1 (2 x + 2)dx dx
x2 + 2 x + 2 = 2 x 2 + 2 x + 2 dx = 2 x 2 + 2 x + 2 2 x 2 + 2 x + 2
1 du dx 1 du dx 1
= 2 2 = 2 = u 2 arc g ( x + 1) + c
2 u x + 2x + 2 2 u ( x + 1) + 1 2
2
1
= x 2 + 2 x + 2 2 arc g ( x + 1) + c
2
125
CAPITULO 6
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
dx
1. Encontrar:
(4 x 2 )3
Solucin.- Dada le expresin: 4 x 2 , la forma es: a 2 x 2 , la sustitucin adecuada
x
es: x = a s e n o sea: x = 2s e n dx = 2 cos d . Adems: s e n = . Una figura
a
auxiliar adecuada para sta situacin, es:
2
x
22 x 2
dx dx 2 cos d 2 cos d
(4 x 2 )3
=
(22 x 2 )3
=
(22 22 s e n 2 )3
=
3
(22 (1 s e n 2 )
2 cos d 2 cos d 2 cos d 1 d 1
= = = 3 = 2 = sec 2 d
(2 cos )
2 2 3 (2 cos ) 3
2 cos 2 cos 4
3 2
1 1
= sec 2 d = g + c . A partir de la figura triangular se tiene:
4 4
x 1 1 x
g = , Luego: g + c = +c
4 x2 4 4 4 x2
dx 1 x
Respuesta: = +c
(4 x 2 )3 4 4 x 2
25 x 2
6.2.-Encontrar: dx
x
Solucin.-
126
25 x 2 52 x 2
x
dx =
x
dx , la forma es: a 2 x 2 , luego:
25 x 2 5 25 x 2
Respuesta: dx = 5 + 25 x 2 + c
x x
dx
6.3.-Encontrar:
(4 x x 2 )3
Solucin.- 4 x x 2 = ( x 2 4 x) = ( x 2 4 x + 4 4) = 4 ( x 2 4 x + 4) = 22 ( x 2) 2
dx dx
(4 x x2 )3 = ( 22 ( x 2)2 )3 , la forma es: a u ,
2 2
2
x-2
De la figura se tiene:
4 ( x 2) 2 = 4 x x 2
x2 1 x2
Pero: g = , luego: g + c = +c
4x x2 4 4 4x x2
dx x2
Respuesta: = +c
(4 x x )
2 3
4 4x x2
127
x 2 dx
6.4.-Encontrar:
(a 2 x 2 ) 2
3
Solucin.-
x 2 dx x 2 dx
(a 2 x 2 ) 2 ( a 2 x 2 )3 , la forma es: a x
= 2 2
3
x
Luego: x = a s e n , dx = a cos , a 2 x 2 = a cos , adems: s e n =
a
x 2 dx a 2 s e n 2 a cos d a 3 s e n 2 cos d s e n 2 d
( a 2 x 2 )3
=
(a cos )3
= a3 cos cos2 cos2
=
(1 cos 2 )d d
= = d = s ec 2 d d = g + c
cos
2
cos
2
a
x
De la figura se tiene: a2 x2
x x x
Pero: g = , adems: s e n =
y = arcs e n
a2 x2 a a
x x
Luego: g + c = arcs e n + c
a2 x2 a
2
x dx x x
Respuesta: = arcs e n + c
( a 2 x 2 )3 a2 x2 a
dx
6.5.-Encontrar:
x2 9 x2
Solucin.-
dx dx
x 2
9 x 2
=
x 2
3 x
2 2
, la forma es: a 2 x 2
x
Luego: x = 3s e n , dx = 3cos d , 32 x 2 = 3cos , adems: s e n =
3
dx 3cos d 1 d 1 1
x 2
32 x 2
= 2
2
= 2
= cos ec 2 d = co g + c
3 s e n 3cos 9 s e n 9 9
3
x
De la figura se tiene: 9 x2
128
9 x2 1 9 x2
Pero: co g = , luego: co g + c = +c
x 9 9x
dx 9 x2
Respuesta: = +c
x2 9 x2 9x
x 2 dx
6.6.-Encontrar:
9 x2
Solucin.-
x 2 dx x 2 dx
9 x 2 32 x 2 , la forma es: a x
= 2 2
x
Luego: x = 3s e n , dx = 3cos d , 32 x 2 = 3cos , adems: s e n =
3
Usaremos la misma figura anterior, luego:
x 2 dx 32 s e n 2 3cos d (1 cos 2 )d
32 x 2
=
3cos
= 9 s e n 2 d = 9
2
9 9 9 9 9 9
2 cos 2 d = s e n 2 + c = 2s e n cos + c
2 2 4 2 4
9 9 x 9 x2
= s e n cos + c , de la figura se tiene que: s e n = , cos = y
2 2 3 3
x
= arcs e n , luego es equivalente:
3
9 x 9 x 9 x2 9 x 9 x2
= arcs e n + c = arcs e n +c
2 3 43 3 2 3 9
x 2 dx 9 x 9 x2
Respuesta: = arcs e n +c
9 x 2 2 3 9
6.7.-Encontrar: x 2 4dx
Solucin.-
x 2 4dx = x 2 22 dx , la forma es: x 2 a 2
x
Luego: x = 2sec , dx = 2sec g d , x 2 22 = 2 g , adems: sec =
2
x 2 22 dx = 2 g 2sec g d = 4 sec g 2 d = 4 sec (sec 2 1)d
= 4 sec3 d 4 sec d
sec g 1
Se sabe que: sec3 d = + sec + g + c , luego lo anterior es
2 2
equivalente a:
129
1 1
= 4 sec g + sec + g 4 sec + g + c
2 2
= 2sec g + 2 sec + g 4 sec + g + c
= 2sec g 2 sec + g + c x
x 2 22
De la figura se tiene:
x x 4
2 2
sec = , g = , luego:
2 2
x x2 4 x x2 4 x x2 4 x + x2 4
= 2 2 + +c = 2 +c
2 2 2 2 2 2
x x2 4
= 2 x + x2 4 2 2 + c
2
x x2 4
Respuesta: x 4dx = 2
2 x + x2 4 + c
2
2
x dx
6.8.-Encontrar:
x 2 16
Solucin.-
x 2 dx x 2 dx
x 2 16 x 2 42 , la forma es: x a
= 2 2
x
Luego: x = 4sec t , dx = 4sec t gtdt , x 2 42 = 4 gt , adems: sec t =
4
x 2 dx 42 sec 2 t ( 4 sec t gt dt )
x 42 2
=
4 gt
= 16 sec3 tdt
1 1
= 16 sec t gt + sec t + gt + c = 8sec t gt + 8 sec t + gt + c
2 2
x
x 2 16
De la figura se tiene:
x x 16
2
4
sec t = , gt = , luego equivale a:
4 4
x x 2 16 x x 2 16 x 2 x x 2 16
=8 +8 + +c = x 16 + 8 +c
4 4 4 4 2 4
x 2 x 2
= x 16 + 8 x x 2 16 8 4 + c = x 16 + 8 x x 2 16 + c
2 2
130
x 2 dx x 2
Respuesta: = x 16 + 8 x x 2 16 + c
x 16
2 2
dx
6.9.-Encontrar:
x x2 1
Solucin.-
dx dx
x x2 1 = x x 2 12 , la forma es: x a
2 2
x
x2 1
De la figura se tiene:
Dado que: sec t = x t = arc sec x , luego:
t + c = arc sec x + c
dx
Respuesta: = arc sec x + c
x x2 1
dx
6.10.-Encontrar:
( 4 x 24 x + 27)3
2
Solucin.-
dx dx dx
( 4 x2 24 x + 27)3 = =
( )
3
4( x 6 x +
2 27 ) 3
43 x 2 6 x + 27
4 4
1 dx
=
8 , Se tiene:
( x 2 6 x + 27 )3
4
27 27 27
x2 6 x + = ( x 2 6 x + __) + __ = ( x 2 6 x + 9) + 9
4 4 4
9
= ( x 2 6 x + 9) = ( x 2 6 x + 27 ) = ( x 3) 2 ( 3 ) 2 , la expresin anterior equivale a:
4 4 2
1 dx 1 dx
=
8 3
, siendo la forma: u 2 a 2 , luego:
( x 3) 2 ( 3 ) 2
8 ( x 6 x + 27 )
2 3
4 2
x3
x 3 = 3 sec t , dx = 3 sec t gtdt , adems: sec t =
2 2 3
2 x-3 2
x 6+
27
4
3 131
2
De la figura se tiene:
x x 2 16
sec t = , gt = , luego equivale a:
4 4
1
3 sec t gtdt
1 dx 1 1 1 sec tdt 1 cos t
8 2
3
= 2 2 3 =
8 (3 ) g t 8 32 g 2t 18 s e n 2 t
=
( x 3) ( )
2 3 2
2 22 cos 2 t
1 cos tdt 1 1 (s e n t ) 1 1 1
= = (s e n t ) 2
cos tdt = +c = +c
18 (s e n t ) 182
18 1 18 (s e n t )
1 x3
= cos ect + c , como: cos ect = , entonces:
18 x 2 6 x + 27
4
1 x3 1 x3 1 x3
= +c = +c = +c
18 x 2 6 x + 27 18 4 x 2 24 x + 27 18 4 x 2 24 x + 27
4
4 2
1 x3
= +c
9 4 x 24 x + 27
2
dx 1 x3
Respuesta: = +c
( 4 x 24 x + 27)
2 3 9 4 x 24 x + 27
2
dx
6.11.-Encontrar:
(16 + x 2 ) 4
Solucin.-
dx dx
(16 + x )2 4
=
(4 + x 2 ) 4
2
1 1 1 1
=
128 dt +
128 cos 2tdt = t+
128 256
s e n 2t + c
132
dx 1 x x
Respuesta: = arc g + +c
(16 + x 2 ) 4 128 4 32(16 + x 2 )
x 2 dx
6.12.-Encontrar:
( x 2 + 100) 2
3
Solucin.-
x 2 dx x 2 dx
( x 2 + 100) 2 ( x 2 + 102 )3 ,
3 =
x
se tiene: x = 10 gt , dt = 10sec2 tdt , x 2 + 102 = 10sec t ;adems: gt = , luego:
10
s e n2 t
x 2 dx 102 g 2t (10 sec2 t )dt g 2tdt 2
cos 2 t dt = s e n t dt
( x 2 + 102 )3 (103 sec 3 t )
= = sec t 1
= cos t
cos t
(1 cos t )
2
dt
= dt =
cos t
cos tdt = sec tdt cos tdt = sec t + gt s e n t + c
cos t
100 + x 2 x x
Como: sec t = , gt = , adems: s e n t =
10 10 100 + x 2
100 + x 2 x x 100 + x 2 + x x
= + +c = +c
10 10 x 2 + 100 10 x 2 + 100
x x
= 100 + x 2 + x 10 + c = 100 + x 2 + x +c
x 2 + 100 x 2 + 100
x 2 dx x
Respuesta: 2 = 100 + x 2 + x +c
( x + 100)
3
2
x 2 + 100
x
se tiene: x = 8 gt , dt = 8sec 2 tdt , x 2 + 82 = 8sec t adems: gt = , luego:
8
x 2 dx 82 g 2t ( 8 sec 2 t ) g 2t
( x 2 + 82 ) 3
=
83 sec 3 t
dt =
sec t
dt = sec tdt cos tdt
133
x 2 + 64 x x
= sec t + gt s e n t + c , como: sec t = , gt = ,s e n t =
8 8 x 2 + 64
Se tiene como expresin equivalente:
x 2 + 64 x x x 2 + 64 + x x
= + +c = +c
8 8 x + 64
2 8 x + 64
2
x
= x 2 + 64 + x +c
x + 64
2
x 2 dx x
Respuesta: 2 2 3 = x 2 + 64 + x +c
(x + 8 ) 2 x 2 + 64
dx
6.14.-Encontrar:
( 3 + x 2 )4
2
134
x 2
4 x + 13
x2
De la figura se tiene:
x 2 4 x + 13 x2
sec t = , gt = , luego:
3 3 3
x 2 4 x + 13 x 2 x 2 4 x + 13 + ( x 2)
= + +c = +c
3 3 3
= x 2 4 x + 13 + ( x 2) + c
dx
Respuesta: = x 2 4 x + 13 + ( x 2) + c
x 4 x + 13
2
6.16.-Encontrar: 1 + 4x 2 dx
Solucin.-
1 + 4 x 2 dx = 12 + (2 x) 2 dx
1 2x
Se tiene: 2 x = gt , 2dx = sec 2 tdt dx = sec 2 tdt , Adems: gt =
2 1
2 1 1 1
1 + (2 x) dx = 1 + g t 2 sec dt = 2 sec t sec tdt = 2 sec tdt
2 2 2 2 2 3
1 1
= sec t gt + sec t gt + c ,
4 4
De la figura se tiene: 1+ 4x 2 2x
1 + 4x2
sec t = , gt = 2 x
1
1 1 1
= 1 + 4x2 2 x + 1 + 4x2 + 2x + c
4 4
1 1
Respuesta: 1 + 4 x 2 dx = 1 + 4x2 2x + 1 + 4 x2 + 2x + c
4 4
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS:
6.17.- 4 x 2 6.18.-
dx
6.19.-
dx
a2 x2 x + a2
2
135
dx dx dx
6.20.- 6.21.- 6.22.-
x a2
2
x2 + a2 x2 a2
dx dx dx
6.23.- 6.24.- 6.25.-
x x2 9 x x2 2 x 1 + x2
x 2 dx x3 dx x2 9
6.26.- 6.27.- 6.28.- dx
1 x2 2 x2 x
dx x2 + 1 dx
6.29.- 6.30.- dx 6.31.-
x 4 x 2 16 x x2 4 x2
6.32.- a x 2 dx 6.33.- a 2 x 2 dx 6.34.-
x 2 dx
x2 + a2
dx dx x 2 dx
6.35.- 6.36.- 6.37.-
x +9 5 4 x2 (4 x 2 ) 2
2 2 3
x
6.38.- x 2 5 x 2 dx 6.39.-
dx 6.40.- x3 a 2 x 2 + b 2 dx
xx +3
4 2
6.41.-
dx
6.42.- 2
dx 6.43.- x3 a 2 x 2 b 2 dx
x 2
x +a
2 2 ( x + a 2 )2
dx 2x2 5 x3dx
6.44.- 6.45.- dx 6.46.-
x2 a2 x2 x 3x 2 5
x 2 100 dx dx
6.48.- 6.49.-
6.47.- x
dx
x2 x2 2 x 9 x2
x2 + a2 xdx dx
6.50.- dx 6.51.- 6.52.-
x a2 x2 1 4 x2
dx xdx dx
6.53.- 6.54.- 6.55.-
4 + x2 4 + x2 x a2 + x2
( x + 1)dx dx dx
6.56.- 6.57.- 6.58.- 2
(a x 2 ) 2
3
4 x2 2 5x2
dx x 2 dx x 2 dx
6.59.- 6.60.- 6.61.-
4 ( x 1) 2 2 x x2 17 x 2
x 2 dx dx (2 x + 1)dx
6.62.- 6.63.- 2 6.64.-
( x 2 x + 5) 2
3
21 + 4 x x 2 (4 x 2 2 x + 1)3
dx xdx ( x + 1)dx
6.65.- 6.66.- 6.67.-
( x 1) x 3 x + 2 2
x 2x + 5
2
2 x x2
( x 1)dx dx xdx
6.68.- 6.69.- 6.70.-
x2 4 x + 3 x2 2 x 8 x2 + 4 x + 5
136
RESPUESTAS
6.17.- 4 x 2
Solucin.- 2
x
4 x2
Se tiene: x = 2s e n , dx = 2 cos d , 4 + x 2 = 2 cos
dx
6.20.- 2
x a2 x
Solucin.- x2 a2
a
Se tiene: x = a sec , dx = a sec g d , x 2 a 2 = a g
dx dx a sec g d 1 sec d 1
x 2
a 2
=
( x a )
2 2 2
=
a 2 g 2
=
a g
= cos ec d
a
1 1 x a
= cos ec co g = +c
a a x2 a2 x2 a2
1 xa 1 ( x a)2 1 xa
= +c = +c = +c
a x2 a2 a x a
2 2
2a x+a
dx
6.21.-
x2 + a2
Solucin.- x 2
+ a 2
x
a
137
Se tiene: x = a g , dx = a sec 2 d , x 2 + a 2 = a sec
dx a sec 2 d
x2 + a2
=
a sec
= sec d = sec + g + c
x2 + a2 x x2 + a2 + x
= + +c = + c = x + x2 + a2 a + c
a a a
= x + x2 + a2 + c
dx
6.22.-
x a22
x
Solucin.- x2 a2
a
Se tiene: x = a sec , dx = a sec g d , x 2 + a 2 = a g
dx a sec g d
x2 a2
=
a g
= sec d = sec + g + c
x x2 a2 x + x2 a2
= + +c = + c = x + x2 a2 + c
a a a
dx
6.23.-
x x2 9
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x = 3sec , dx = 3sec g d , x 2 9 = 3 g
dx 3sec g d 1 1 arc sec x
x =
3
= d = + c = 3 +c
x2 9 3sec 3 g 3 3
dx
6.24.-
x x2 2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x = 2 sec , dx = 2 sec g d , x 2 2 = 2 g
dx 2 sec g d 2 2 2 2
x x 2
2
=
2 sec 2 g
=
2 d =
2
+c =
2
arc sec
2
x+c
dx
6.25.-
x 1 + x2
Solucin.- 1+ x 2
x
1
138
Se tiene: x = g , dx = sec 2 d , 1 + x 2 = sec
dx sec 2 d d
x 1 + x2
=
g sec
=
s e n
= cos ec d = cos ec co g + c
1 + x2 1 1 + x2 1
= +c = +c
x x x
x 2 dx
6.26.-
1 x2
Solucin.- 1 x
1 x2
Se tiene: x = s e n , dx = cos d , 1 x 2 = cos
x 2 dx s e n 2 cos d 1 1
1 x2 =
cos
= s e n 2 d = s e n 2 + c
2 4
1 1 arcs e n x x
= s e n cos + c = 1 x2 + c
2 2 2 2
x3dx
6.27.-
2 x2 2 x
Solucin.-
2 x2
x3 dx 2 2 s e n 3 2 cos d cos3
2 x2
=
2 cos
= 2 2 s e n 3 d = 2 2( cos +
3
)+c
2 x 2 ( 2 x 2 )3 (2 x 2 ) 2 x 2
= 2 2( + ) + c = 2(2 x 2
) + +c
2 3( 2)3 3
x2 9
6.28.- dx
x
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x = 3sec , dx = 3sec g d , x 2 9 = 3 g
x2 9 3 g 3sec g d
x dx = 3sec
= 3 g 2 d = 3 (sec 2 1)d
x
= 3 sec 2 d 3 d = 3 g 3 + c = x 2 9 3arc sec + c
3
139
dx
6.29.-
x 4 x 2 16
Solucin.-
x x2
Se tiene: = sec , dx = 2sec g d , 1 = g
2 4
dx 1 dx 1 2sec g d 1 1
x 4 x 2 16 4 x 2
= = 2sec g
= d = + c
x ( ) 1 4 4 4
2
1 x
= arc sec + c
4 2
x2 + 1
6.30.- dx
x
Solucin.- x 2
+ 1 x
Se tiene: x = g , dx = sec d , x + 1 = sec
2 2
1
x +12
sec sec d 2
d 1
x
dx =
g
=
cos s e n
2
= g +
2 cos
+ c , o bien:
1 x2 + 1 1 1
= cos ec co g + +c = + +c
cos x x 1
x2 + 1
x2 + 1 1
= + x2 + 1 + c
x
dx
6.31.-
x2 4 x2
Solucin.- 2
x
4 x2
Se tiene: x = 2s e n , dx = 2 cos d , 4 x 2 = 2 cos
dx 2 cos d 1 1
x 2
4 x 2
= 2
= cos ec 2 d = co g + c
4s e n 2 cos 4 4
4 x2
= +c
4x
6.32.- a x 2 dx
Solucin.- a x
a x2
140
Se tiene: x = a s e n , dx = a cos d , a x 2 = a cos
a
Se tiene: x = a g , dx = a sec d , x + a = a sec
2 2 2
x 2 dx a 2 g 2 a sec 2 d s e n2
x2 + a2
=
a sec
= a 2 g 2 sec d = a 2
cos3
d
2 (1 cos )
2
=a d = a 2 sec3 d a 2 sec d
cos
3
sec g 1
= a2 + sec + g a 2 sec + g + c
2 2
a2 a2
= sec g + sec + g a 2 sec + g + c
2 2
a2 a2
= sec g sec + g + c
2 2
a2 x2 + a2 x a2 x2 + a2 x x x2 + a2 a2
= + +c = x2 + a2 + x + c
2 a a 2 a a 2 2
dx
6.35.-
x x2 + 9
2
Solucin.-
x 2
+ 9 x
141
Se tiene: x = 3 g , dx = 3sec 2 d , x 2 + 9 = 3sec
dx 3 sec 2 d 1 sec d 1 cos 1
x 2
x2 + 9
= 2
=
9 g 3sec 9 g 2
=
9 sen
2
d =
9s e n
+c
x2 + 9
= +c
9x
dx
6.36.-
5 4x2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x = 5 s e n , dx = 5 cos d , ( 5 ) 2 x 2 = 5 cos
4 4 4 4
5 cos d
dx 1 dx 1 4 1 1
5 4x 2
=
2 5 x 2
=
2 5 cos
=
2 d = + c
2
4 4
1 x 1 2x
= arcs e n + c = arcs e n +c
2 5 2 5
4
2
x dx
6.37.-
(4 x 2 ) 2
3
Solucin.-
2
x
4 x2
Se tiene: x = 2s e n , dx = 2 cos d , 4 x = 2 cos
2
x 2 dx x 2 dx 4 s e n 2 2 cos d
(4 x 2 ) 32 (4 x 2 )3
= =
8 cos
3
= g 2 d = (sec2 1)d
x x
= g + c = arcs e n + c
4 x2 2
6.38.- x 2 5 x 2 dx
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x = 5 s e n , dx = 5 cos d , 5 x 2 = 5 cos
25
x 5 x 2 dx = 5s e n 2 5 cos 5 cos d = 25 s e n 2 cos 2 d =
4
s e n 2 2 d
2
25 25 25 25 25
=
8 (1 cos 4 )d = s e n 4 + c = (2s e n 2 cos 2 ) + c
8 32 8 32
25 25
= 2s e n cos 2 (cos 2 s e n 2 ) + c
8 32
142
25 25
= s e n cos3 s e n 3 cos ) + c
8 16
25 x x ( 5 x 2 )3 x 3 5 x 2
= arcs e n + +c
2 5 25 25
dx
6.39.-
x4 x2 + 3
Solucin.- x 2
+ 3 x
= 4 + + c = +c
a 5b5 3b3 5a 4 3a 4
dx
6.41.-
x2 x2 + a2
Solucin.-
x2 + a2 x
143
dx a sec 2 d 1 sec d 1 cos d
x 2 x 2 + a 2 a 2 g 2 a sec = a 2 g 2 = a 2 s e n 2 d
=
1 cos ec 1
= 2 co g cos ec d = 2
+ c = 2 x2 + a2 + c
a a a x
dx
6.42.- 2
( x + a 2 )2
Solucin.-
x 2
+ a 2
x
a
Se tiene: x = a g , dx = a sec 2 d , x 2 + a 2 = a sec
dx dx a sec 2 d 1 1 1 s e n 2
( x 2 + a 2 )2 ( x 2 + a 2 )4 a 4 sec 4 = a3 cos d = 2a3 + 2a3 2 + c
= = 2
1 1 2 s e n cos 1 x 1 x a
= 3
+ 3
+ c = 3
arc g + 3 +c
2a 2a 2 2a a 2a x + a 2
2
x2 + a2
1 x 1 ax
= 3 arc g + 3 +c
2a a 2a x 2 + a 2
6.43.- x3 a 2 x 2 b 2 dx
Solucin.-
Se tiene: ax = b sec , adx = b sec g d , a 2 x 2 b 2 = b g
b3 b b5
x a x b dx = =
a4
sec 4 g 2 d
3 2 2 2 3
sec b g sec g d
a3 a
b5 b5 b5
= =
a4
a4
sec2 sec 2 d
4 2 4 2
sec (sec 1) d sec sec d
a4
b5 b5
= 4 +
a4
(1 + g 2 ) sec 2 d
2 2 2
(1 g ) sec d
a
b5 b5
= 4 + +
a4
(1 + g 2 ) sec 2 d
2 4 2
(1 2 g g ) sec d
a
g 2 sec 2 d + g 4 sec 2 d = b 4 g + g + c
b5 5
3 5
= 4
a a
3 5
3 5
b5 1 a 2 x 2 b 2 1 a 2 x2 b2
= 4 + +c
a 3 b 5
b
dx
6.44.-
x2 a2 x2
Solucin.-
144
Se tiene: x = a s e n , dx = a cos d , a 2 x 2 = a cos
dx a cos d 1 1
x 2
a x 2 2
= 2
= 2 cos ec 2 d = 2 co g + c
a s e n a cos a
2
a
1 cos 1 a2 x2
= + c = +c
a2 s e n a 2 x
2x2 5
6.45.- dx
x
Solucin.-
Se tiene: 2 x = 5 sec , 2dx = 5 sec g d , 2 x 2 5 = 5 g
5
5 g sec g d
2x 52
2
x
dx =
5
= 5 g 2 d = 5 sec2 d 5 d
sec
2
= 5 g 5 + c = 2 x 2 5 5 arc sec 2 x + c
3
3
x dx
6.46.-
3x 2 5
Solucin.-
Se tiene: 3x = 5 sec , 3dx = 5 sec g d , 3 x 2 5 = 5 g
= 5 5 g + g + c
5 5 3
= +
2 2 2
sec d sec g d
9 9 3
5 ( 3x 2 5)3
= 3x 5 +
2
+c
9 15
x 2 100
6.47.- x dx
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x = 10sec , dx = 10sec g d , x 2 100 = 10 g
x 2 100 10 g 10sec g d
x dx = 10sec
= 10 g 2 d = 10 sec 2 10 d
x
= 10( g ) + c = x 2 100 10 arcs e n + c
10
145
dx
6.48.-
x2 x2 2
Solucin.- x
x2 2
2
dx 2 sec g d 1 1 1 x2 2
x 2
x2 2
=
2sec 2 2 g
=
2 cos d = s e n + c =
2 2 x
+c
x2 2
= +c
2x
dx
6.49.-
x 9 x2
Solucin.- 3
x
Se tiene: x = 3s e n , dx = 3cos d , 9 x 2 = 3cos 9 x2
dx 3cos d 1 1
x 9 x 2
= = cos ec d = cos ec co g + c
3s e n 3cos 3 3
1 3 9 x2
= +c
3 x
x2 + a2
6.50.- dx
x
Solucin.- x 2
+ a 2
x
a
Se tiene: x = a g , dx = a sec 2 d , x 2 + a 2 = a sec
x2 + a2 a sec sec3 d sec2 sec
x
dx =
a g
a sec 2 d = a
g
= a
g
d
(1 + g 2 ) sec sec
= a d = a d + a sec g d
g g
x2 + a2 a
a cos ec co g + a sec + c = a + x2 + a2 + c
x
146
xdx
6.51.-
a2 x2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x = a s e n , dx = a cos d , a 2 x 2 = a cos
xdx a s e n a cos
a x
2 2
=
a cos
d = a s e n d = a cos + c = a 2 x 2 + c
dx
6.52.-
1 4 x2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: 2 x = s e n , 2dx = cos d , 1 4 x 2 = cos
dx 1 cos 1 1 1
1 4 x 2 2 cos
d = d = + c = arcs e n 2 x + c
=
2 2 2
dx
6.53.-
4 + x2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x = 2 g , dx = 2sec 2 d , 4 + x 2 = 2 sec
dx 2 sec 2 d
4+ x 2
=
2sec
= sec d = sec + g + c = 4 + x2 + x + c
xdx
6.54.-
4 + x2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x = 2 g , dx = 2sec 2 d , 4 + x 2 = 2sec
xdx 2 g 2 sec 2 d
4 + x2
=
2sec
= 2 g sec d = 2sec + c = 4 + x 2 + c
dx
6.55.-
x a2 + x2
Solucin.- a 2
+ x 2
x
a
Se tiene: x = a g , dx = a sec 2 d , a 2 + x 2 = a sec
dx a sec 2 d 1 sec d 1
x a2 + x2
=
a g a sec a g
= = cosec d
a
1 1 a2 + x2 a 1 a2 + x2 a
= cos ec co g + c = +c = +c
a a x x a x
( x + 1)dx
6.56.-
4 x2
Solucin.-
147
Se tiene: x = 2s e n , dx = 2 cos d , 4 x 2 = 2 cos
( x + 1)dx xdx 2s e n 2 cos d
dx 2 cos d
4 x 2
=
4 x 4 x2
+
2 cos
2
= +
2 cos
x
2 s e n d + d = 2 cos + + c = 4 x 2 + arcs e n + c
2
dx
6.57.-
2 5x2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: 5 x = 2 s e n , 5dx = 2 cos d , 2 5 x 2 = 2 cos
2
cos d
dx 5 5 5 5
2 5x2
=
2 cos
=
5 d =
5
+c =
5
arcs e n 5 x + c
2
dx
6.58.-
(a x 2 ) 2
3 2
a
Solucin.- x
a2 x2
Se tiene: x = a s e n , dx = a cos d , a x = a cos 2 2
dx dx a cos d 1 1
(a x )
2 2 32
=
( a 2 x 2 )3
= 3
a cos 3
= 2 sec 2 d = 2 g + c
a a
x
= +c
a2 a2 x2
dx
6.59.-
4 ( x 1) 2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x 1 = 2s e n , dx = 2 cos d , 4 ( x 1) 2 = 2 cos
dx 2 cos d x 1
4 ( x 1) 2
=
2 cos
= d = + c = arcs e n
2
+c
x 2 dx
6.60.-
2 x x2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x 1 = s e n x = s e n + 1, dx = cos d , 1 ( x 1) 2 = cos
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
2 x x 2 = ( x 2 2 x) = ( x 2 2 x + 1) + 1 = 1 ( x 1) 2 , luego:
x 2 dx x 2 dx (s e n + 1) 2 cos d
2x x2
=
1 ( x 1) 2
=
cos
= (s e n + 1) 2 d
148
1 1
= s e n 2 d + 2 s e n d + d =
d cos 2 d + 2 s e n d + d
2 2
3 1 3 1
= d cos 2 d + 2 s e n d = s e n 2 2 cos + c
2 2 2 4
3 1 3 1
= s e n cos 2 cos + c = arcs e n( x 1) ( x 1) 2 x x 2 2 2 x x 2 + c
2 2 2 2
2
x dx
6.61.-
17 x 2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x = 17 s e n , dx = 17 cos d , 17 x 2 = 17 cos
x 2 dx 17 s e n 2 17 cos d 17 17
17 x 2
=
17 cos
= 17 s e n 2 d =
2 d cos 2 d
2
17 17 17 17
= s e n 2 + c = s e n cos + c
2 4 2 2
17 x 17 x 17 x 2 17 x 1
= arcs e n +c = arcs e n x 17 x 2 + c
2 17 2 17 17 2 17 2
2
x dx
6.62.-
21 + 4 x x 2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x 2 = 5s e n x = 5s e n + 2, dx = 5cos d , 52 ( x 2) 2 = 5cos
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
21 + 4 x x 2 = ( x 2 4 x + 4 4) + 21 = ( x 2 4 x + 4) + 25 = 52 ( x 2) 2 , luego:
x 2 dx x 2 dx (5s e n + 2) 2 5cos d
21 + 4 x x2 = 52 ( x 2)2 = 5cos
= (5s e n + 2) 2 d
1 cos 2
= (25s e n 2 + 20s e n + 4)d = 25 d + 20 s e n d + 4 d
2
25 25 25 25
=
2 d cos 2 d + 20 s e n d = s e n 2 20 cos + 4 + c
2 2 4
33 25
= s e n cos 20 cos + c
2 2
33 x 2 25 x 2 21 + 4 x x 2 21 + 4 x x 2
= arcs e n 20 +c
2 5 2 5 5
5
33 x2 x2
= arcs e n 21 + 4 x x 2 ( + 4) + c
2 5 2
33 x2 x+6
= arcs e n 21 + 4 x x 2 ( )+c
2 5 2
149
dx
6.63.-
( x 2 x + 5) 2
2 3
Solucin.-
x 2
2x + 5 x 1
2
Se tiene: x 1 = 2 g , dx = 2sec2 d , ( x 1) 2 + 22 = 2sec
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 2 x + 5 = ( x 2 2 x + 1) + 5 1 = ( x 2 2 x + 1) + 4 = ( x 1) 2 + 22 , luego:
dx dx 2sec2 d 1 1
( x2 2 x + 5) 2
3 =
3
= 2 sec
3 3
= cos d = s e n + c
4 4
( x 1) 2 + 22
1 x 1
= +c
4 x 2x + 5
2
(2 x + 1)dx
6.64.-
(4 x 2 2 x + 1)3
1 1
Solucin.- x2 x + 1
2 4 x
4
Sea: u = 4 x 2 x + 1, du = (8 x 2)dx
2
3
4
1 3 3
Se tiene: x = g , dx = sec 2 d , ( x 1 ) 2 + ( 3 ) 2 = 3 sec
4 4 4
4 4 4
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 3
x 2 x + = ( x 2 x + ) + = ( x ) 2 + = ( x ) 2 + ( ) 2 , luego:
2 4 2 16 4 16 4 16 4 4
(2 x + 1)dx 1 (8 x + 4)dx 1 (8 x 2 + 6)dx
(4 x 2 2 x + 1)3 = 4 (4 x 2 2 x + 1)3 = 4 (4 x 2 2 x + 1)3
1 (8 x 2)dx 3 dx
=
4 (4 x 2 2 x + 1)3 2
+
(4 x 2 2 x + 1)3
1 du 3 dx 1 31 dx
= = (u ) 2 du +
3
3 +
4 (u ) 2 2 4( x 2 1 x + 1 )3 4 28 ( x 2 1 x + 1 )3
2 4 2 4
3
sec2 d
1 3 dx 1 3
= (u ) 2 du + = (u ) 2 du + 4
3 3
4 16 ( x 1 )2 + ( 3 )2
3 4 16 3
( sec )3
4 4 4
150
d
1
1 1 u 2 1
= (u ) 2 du + + s e n + c = 1 + s e n + c
3
=
4 sec 4 ( 1 ) 2u 2
2
1 x 1 4x 2
= + 4 +c = +c
2 4x 2x +1
2
x
2 1 x+ 1 4 x 2 1 x+ 1
2 4 2 4
dx
6.65.-
( x 1) x 2 3x + 2
Solucin.-
x 3
2 x 2 3x + 2
1
2
3 1 1 1
Se tiene: x = sec x 1 = (sec + 1), dx = sec g d ,
2 2 2 2
( x 3 ) 2 + ( 1 ) 2 = 1 g
2 2 2
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
9 1 3 1
x 2 3 x + 2 = ( x 2 3x + ) = ( x ) 2 ( ) 2 , luego:
4 4 2 2
1 sec g d
dx dx 2
( x 1) x 2 3x + 2 =
3 1
= 1 (sec + 1) 1 g
( x 1) ( x ) 2 ( ) 2 2 2
2 2
sec d sec d sec (sec 1)d sec 2 d sec d
= = 2 = 2 = 2 2
1 (sec + 1) (sec + 1) sec 1
2
g 2
g 2
2
cosec d
= 2 cos ec 2 d 2 = 2 co g + 2 cosec + c
s e n2
1 x 3 2x 4
2 2 +2 2 +c = +c
x 2 3x + 2 x 2 3x + 2 x 2 3x + 2
xdx
6.66.-
x 2x + 5
2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x 1 = 2 g , dx = 2sec2 d , ( x 1) 2 + (2) 2 = 2sec
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 2 x + 5 = ( x 2 2 x + 1) + 4 = ( x 1) 2 22 , luego:
151
xdx xdx (2 g + 1) 2 sec 2 d
x2 2 x + 5
=
( x 1) 2 22
=
2sec
= 2 g sec d + sec d = 2sec + sec + g + c
x2 2 x + 5 + x 1
= x 2x + 5 +
2
+c
2
( x + 1)dx
6.67.-
2 x x2
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x 1 = s e n x + 1 = s e n + 2, dx = cos d , 1 ( x 1) 2 = cos
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
2 x x 2 = ( x 2 2 x) = ( x 2 2 x + 1 1) = ( x 2 2 x + 1) + 1 = 1 ( x 1) 2 , luego:
( x + 1)dx ( x + 1)dx (s e n + 2) cos d
2 x x 2 = 1 ( x 1)2 = cos
= s e n d + 2 d
= cos + 2 + c = 2 x x 2 + 2 arcs e n( x 1) + c
( x 1)dx
6.68.-
x2 4 x + 3
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x 2 = sec x 1 = sec + 1, dx = sec g d , ( x 2)2 1 = g
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 4 x + 3 = x 2 4 x + 4 1 = ( x 2) 2 1 , luego:
( x 1)dx ( x 1)dx (sec + 1) sec g d
x2 4 x + 3
=
( x 2) 2 1
=
g
= sec 2 d + sec d = g + sec + g + c
= x2 4x + 3 + x 2 + x2 4x + 3 + c
dx
6.69.-
x2 2 x 8
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x 1 = 3sec , dx = 3sec g d , ( x 1) 2 32 = 3 g
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 2 x 8 = x 2 2 x + 1 9 = ( x 1) 2 32 , luego:
dx dx 3 sec g d
x 2x 8
2
=
( x 1) 3
2 2
=
3 g
= sec d = sec + g + c
x 1 x2 2 x 8
= + + c = x 1 + x2 2x 8 + c
3 3
152
xdx
6.70.-
x2 + 4 x + 5
Solucin.-
Se tiene: x + 2 = g , dx = sec 2 d , ( x + 2) 2 + 12 = s ec
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
x 2 + 4 x + 5 = ( x 2 + 4 x + 4) + 1 = ( x + 2) 2 + 12 , luego:
xdx xdx ( g 2) sec 2 d
x2 + 4 x + 5
=
( x + 2) 2 + 12
=
sec
= g sec d 2 sec d
= sec 2 sec + g + c = x 2 + 4 x + 5 2 x2 + 4 x + 5 + x + 2 + c
153
CAPITULO 7
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
dx
7.1.-Encontrar:
x 9
2
1 A B
= + 1 = A( x 3) + B ( x + 3)() 1 = ( A + B ) x + (3 A + 3B)
x2 9 x+3 x3
A + B = 0 3 A + 3B = 0
6 B = 1 B = 6 , adems:
1
3 A + 3 B = 1 3 A + 3 B = 1
A + B = 0 A = B = A = 1
6
Tambin es frecuente usar otro mecanismo, que consiste en la expresin ()
Sustituyendo a x por los valores que anulen los denominadores de las fracciones:
x = 3 1 = 6B B = 1
6
x = 3 1 = 6 A A = 1
6
Usando cualquier mtodo de los sealados anteriormente, se establece que:
1 1 1
= 6 + 6 , Luego se tiene:
x2 9 x + 3 x 3
dx 1 dx 1 dx 1 1
x2 9 = 6 x + 3 + 6 x 3 = 6 x + 3 + 6 x 3 + c
= ( x 3 x +3 )+c
1
6
154
dx 1 x3
Respuesta: = +c
2
x 9 6 x+3
dx
7.2.-Encontrar: 2
x + 7x 6
Solucin.- Sea: x + 7 x + 6 = ( x + 6)( x + 1) , factores lineales y diferentes; luego:
2
1 A B
= + ,
x + 7x + 6 x + 6 x +1
2
De donde:
1 = A( x + 1) + B( x + 6)() 1 = ( A + B) x + ( A + 6 B) , calculando las constantes A y B
por el mtodo general, se tiene: 1 = ( A + B) x + ( A + 6 B)
A + B = 0 A B = 0
5B = 1 B = 5 , adems:
1
A + 6 B = 1 A + 6 B = 1
A + B = 0 A = B = A = 1
5
Ahora utilizando el mtodo abreviado se tiene:
x = 1 1 = 5 B B = 1
5
x = 6 1 = 5 A A = 1
5
Usando cualquier mtodo se puede establecer:
1 1 1
= 5 + 5 , Luego se tiene:
x2 + 7 x + 6 x + 6 x + 1
dx 1 dx 1 dx 1 1
x2 + 7 x + 6 = 5 x + 6 + 5 x + 1 = 5 x + 6 + 5 x + 1 + c
= ( x +1 x + 6 ) + c
1
5
dx 1 x +1
Respuesta: 2 = +c
x + 7x + 6 5 x+6
xdx
7.3.-Encontrar: 2
x 4x + 4
Solucin.- Sea: x 4 x + 4 = ( x 2) 2 , factores lineales con repeticin; luego:
2
x A B x A( x 2) + B
= + 2 = ,
x x + 4 x 2 ( x 2)
2 2
x x+4 ( x 2) 2
De donde:
x = A( x 2) + B() , calculando las constantes A y B por el mtodo general, se
tiene: x = Ax + (2 A + B ) , luego:
A = 1
B = 2 A B = 2(1) B = 2
2 A + B = 0
155
Usando el mtodo abreviado, se sustituye en x , el valor que anula el
denominador(o los denominadores), y si este no es suficiente se usan para
sustituir cualquier valor conveniente de x , esto es: x = 0, x = 1 ; luego en ()
x=22= B B =2
x = 0 0 = 2 A + B 2 A + B A = B A = 1
2
Usando cualquier mtodo se establece:
xdx dx dx 2
x2 4 x + 4 = x 2 + 2 ( x 2)2 = x 2 x 2 + c
xdx 2
Respuesta: 2 = x2 +c
x 4x + 4 x2
(2 x 2 + 3)dx
7.4.-Encontrar: 3
x 2x2 + x
Solucin.- Sea: x3 2 x 2 + x = x( x 2 2 x + 1) = x( x 1) 2 , factores lineales:
x, x 1 ; donde este ltimo es con repeticin; luego:
2x2 + 3 A B C 2 x2 + 3 A( x 1) 2 + Bx( x 1) + Cx
= + + 3 =
x3 2 x 2 + x x ( x 1) ( x 1) 2 x 2x2 + x x( x 1) 2
De donde:
2 x 2 + 3 = A( x 1) 2 + Bx( x 1) + Cx() , calculando las constantes A y B por el
mtodo general, se tiene: 2 x 2 + 3 = ( A + B ) x 2 + (2 A B + C ) x + A , de donde
identificando los coeficientes de igual potencia de x se puede obtener el siguiente
sistema de ecuaciones:
A +B =2
2 A B + C = 0 B = 2 A B = 2 3 B = 1 , tomando la segunda ecuacin
A = 3
del sistema: C = 2 A + B C = 2(3) 1 C = 5 ,tambin es posible usar el mtodo
abreviado, utilizando para ello la expresin () en la cual:
x = 1 2(1) + 3 = C C = 5
x =03= A A=3
Usando un valor arbitrario para x , sea este x = 1 :
x = 1 2(1) 2 + 3 = A(2) 2 + B(1)(2) + C (1) 5 = 4 A + 2 B C , luego:
2 B = 5 4 A + C 2 B = 5 4(3) + 5 2 B = 2 B = 1 , S, e establece que:
2 x2 + 3 3 1 5
= + , entonces:
x 2 x + x x x 1 ( x 1) 2
3 2
2x2 + 3 dx dx dx 5
= 3 + 5 = 3 x x 1 +c
x 2x + x
3 2
x x 1 ( x 1) 2
x 1
(2 x 2 + 3)dx x3 5
Respuesta: = +c
x 2x + x
3 2
x 1 x 1
156
dx
7.5.-Encontrar:
x 2x2 + x
3
dx dx dx dx 1
x3 2 x 2 + x = x x 1 + ( x 1)2 = x x 1 x 1 + c
dx x 1
Respuesta: 3 = +c
x 2x + x
2
x 1 x 1
x 4 6 x3 + 12 x 2 + 6
7.6.-Encontrar: dx
x3 6 x 2 + 12 x 8
Solucin.- Se sabe que si el grado del polinomio dividendo, es igual o superior al
grado del polinomio divisor, previamente conviene efectuar la divisin de tales
polinomios.
x 4 6 x3 + 12 x 2 + 0 x + 6 x 3 6 x 2 + 12 x 8
x 4 + 6 x3 12 x 2 + 8 x x
8x + 6
x 4 6 x3 + 12 x 2 + 6 (8 x + 6)dx
Luego se tiene: dx = xdx + 3
x 6 x + 12 x 8
3 2
x 6 x 2 + 12 x 8
La descomposicin de: x3 6 x 2 + 12 x 8 :
1 6 12 8
2 2 8 8
1 4 4 0 x = 2 ( x 2)
x 2 4 x + 4 = ( x 2) 2
x3 6 x 2 + 12 x 8 = ( x 2)3
157
Esto es factores lineales: [ ( x 2)] con repeticin por tanto:
8x + 6 A B C
= + +
x 6 x + 12 x 8 x 2 ( x 2) ( x 2)3
3 2 2
8x + 6 A( x 2) 2 + B (( x 2) + C
=
x3 6 x 2 + 12 x 8 ( x 2)3
Luego:
8 x + 6 = A( x 2) 2 + B( x 2) + C 8 x + 6 = A( x 2 4 x + 4) + B( x 2) + C
8 x + 6 = Ax 2 + (4 A + B) x + (4 A 2 B + C )
(8 x + 6)dx dx dx
x3 6 x 2 + 12 x 8 = 8 ( x 2)2 + 22 ( x 2)3 , o sea:
dx dx
= xdx +8 + 22 = xdx +8 ( x 2) 2 dx + 22 ( x 2) 3 dx
( x 2) 2
( x 2) 3
x2 8 11
+c
2 x 2 ( x 2) 2
x 4 6 x3 + 12 x 2 + 6 x2 8 11
Respuesta: dx = +c
x 6 x + 12 x 8
3 2
2 x 2 ( x 2) 2
x3 + x 2 + x + 3
7.7.-Encontrar: dx
x4 + 4x2 + 3
Solucin.- x 4 + 4 x 2 + 3 = ( x 2 + 3)( x 2 + 1) , la descomposicin es en factores
cuadrticos sin repeticin, por lo tanto:
x3 + x 2 + x + 3 Ax + B Cx + D
= 2 + 2
x4 + 4 x2 + 3 x +3 x +1
x + x + x + 3 ( Ax + B )( x 2 + 1) + (Cx + D)( x 2 + 3)
3 2
=
x4 + 4 x2 + 3 ( x 2 + 3)( x 2 + 1)
x3 + x 2 + x + 3 = A( x3 + x) + B( x 2 + 1) + C ( x3 + 3 x) + D( x 2 + 3)
x3 + x 2 + x + 3 = ( A + C ) x3 + ( B + D) x 2 + ( A + 3C ) x + ( B + 3D) , luego:
158
(1) A + C =1
(2) B + D = 1
(3) A + 3C =1
(4) B + 3D = 3
A + C = 1
Con (1) y (3), se tiene: A = 1, C = 0
A + 3C = 1
B + D = 1
Con (2) y (4), se tiene: B = 0, D = 1
B + 3D = 3
x3 + x 2 + x + 3 x 1
Por lo tanto: = + 2 , o sea:
x + 4x + 3
4 2
x + 3 x +1
x3 + x 2 + x + 3 xdx dx
x4 + 4 x 2 + 3 dx = x + 3 + x2 + 1 , sea: u = x + 3, du = 2 xdx , luego:
2
x3 + x 2 + x + 3 1 2 xdx dx 1 du dx
x4 + 4 x 2 + 3 dx = 2 x + 3 + x 2 + 12 = 2 u + x2 + 12
1 1
= u + arc gx + c = x 2 + 3 + arc gx + c
2 2
x + x + x+3
3 2
1
Respuesta: 4 dx = x 2 + 3 + arc gx + c
x + 4x + 3
2
2
4
x dx
7.8.-Encontrar: 4
x + 2x2 + 1
Solucin.-
x4 x4 + 2 x2 + 1
x4 2x2 1 1
2 x 2 1
x 4 dx 2x2 + 1 2 x2 + 1
Luego
x4 + 2 x2 + 1 x4 + 2 x2 + 1 x 4 + 2 x2 + 1dx
= 1 dx = dx
159
Resolviendo el sistema: C = A A = 0 C = 0 , B + D = 1 D = 1 B D = 1
luego:
2x2 + 1 2 1
= 2 2 , o sea:
x + 2 x + 1 x + 1 ( x + 1) 2
4 2
2x2 + 1 dx dx dx dx
x4 + 2 x 2 + 1 = 2 x 2 + 12 ( x 2 + 1)2 = 2 x 2 + 12 ( x2 + 1)4
Sea: x = g , dx = sec 2 d ; x 2 + 1 = sec , luego:
sec 2 d
= 2 arc gx d = 2 arc gx = 2 arc gx cos 2
sec
4
sec
2
1 + cos 2 1 1
= 2 arc gx d = 2 arc gx d cos 2 d
2 2 2
1 1 1 1
arc gx s e n 2 + c = 2 arc gx s e n cos + c
2 2 2 2
x 2
+ 1
x
De la figura se tiene que:
x 1 1
g = x, arc g ,s e n = , cos =
x +1
2
x +1
2
1 1 x 1 1 x
Luego: = 2 arc gx arc gx + c = 2 arc gx arc gx +c
2 2 x2 + 1 x2 + 1 2 2( x + 1)
2
Recordando que:
x 4 dx (2 x 2 + 1)dx 1 1 x
x + 2x + 1
4 2
= dx x + 2x +1
4 2
= x 2 arc gx + arc gx +
2 2 ( x + 1)
2
+c
x 4 dx 3 x
Respuesta: = x arc gx + +c
x + 2x + 1
4 2
2 2( x + 1)
2
x 4 dx
7.9.-Encontrar:
x4 1
Solucin.-
x4 x4 1
x4 + 1 1
1
Luego:
x 4 dx 1 dx
x4 1 = 1 + x 4 1 dx = dx + x 4 1
Descomponiendo en factores el denominador:
x 4 1 = ( x 2 1)( x 2 + 1) = ( x 2 + 1)( x + 1)( x 1) , es decir factores lineales y cuadrticos
sin repeticin por tanto:
160
1 Ax + B C D
= 2 + +
x 1 x +1 x + 1 x 1
4
1 ( Ax + B )( x 2 1) + C ( x 2 + 1)( x 1) + D( x + 1)( x 2 + 1)
=
x4 1 ( x 2 + 1)( x + 1)( x + 1)
1 = A( x 3 x) + B( x 2 + 1) + C ( x3 x 2 + x 1) + D( x3 + x 2 + x + 1)
1 = ( A + C + D ) x 3 + ( B C + D ) x 2 + ( A + C + D ) x + ( B C + D )
Luego:
(1) A + C +D = 0
(2) B C + D = 0
(3) A + C + D = 0
(4) B C + D = 1
A+ C + D = 0
Con (1) y (3), se tiene: 2C + 2 D = 0 (5)
A + C + D = 0
B C + D = 0
Con (2) y (4), se tiene: 2C + 2 D = 1 (6)
B C + D = 1
2C + 2 D = 0
C = 4,D = 4
Con (5) y (6), se tiene: 1 1
2C + 2 D = 1
Adems: A = 0, B = 1 , luego:
2
1 1 1 1
= + , con lo cual:
x 1
4
2( x + 1) 4( x + 1) 4( x 1)
2
dx 1 dx 1 dx 1 dx
x4 1 = 2 ( x 2 + 1) 4 ( x + 1) + 4 ( x 1)
= 1 arc gx 1 x + 1 + 1 x 1 + c
2 4 4
4
x dx dx x 1
Dado que: 4 = dx + 4 = x 1 arc gx + 1 + c , entonces:
x 1 x 1 2 4 x +1
1 x 1
Respuesta: 4 = x 1 arc gx + 1 +c
x 1 2 4 x +1
x 4 2 x3 + 3x 2 x + 3
7.10.-Encontrar: dx
x3 2 x 2 + 3x
Solucin.-
x 4 2 x3 + 3x 2 x + 3 x3 2 x 2 + 3x
x 4 + 2 x3 3x 2 x
x + 3
Luego:
161
x 4 2 x3 + 3x 2 x + 3 x3 x3
x3 2 x 2 + 3x dx = x x3 2 x2 + 3x dx = xdx x3 2 x 2 + 3xdx
Descomponiendo en factores el denominador:
x3 2 x 2 + 3x = x( x 2 2 x + 3) , es decir un factor lineal y uno cuadrtico; por lo cual:
x 3 A Bx + C x 3 A( x 2 2 x + 3) + ( Bx + C ) x
= + =
x3 2 x 2 + 3x x x 2 2 x + 3 x3 2 x 2 + 3x x( x 2 2 x + 3)
x 3 = A( x 2 2 x + 3) + ( Bx + C ) x x 3 = ( A + B) x 2 + (2 A + C ) x + 3 A
De donde:
A+ B = 0 A = 1
2 A + C = 1 B = A B = 1
3A
= 3 C = 1 + 2 A C = 1
Luego:
x 3 1 x 1
= + 2 , de donde:
x 2 x + 3x
3 2
x x 2x + 3
x3 dx x 1 x 1
x3 2 x 2 + 3x dx = x + x 2 2 x + 3 dx = x + x 2 2 x + 3 dx
x 4 2 x3 + 3x 2 x + 3 x 1
x3 2 x 2 + 3x dx = xdx + x x2 2 x + 3 dx
x2 x 1 x2 1 2( x 1)dx
= + x 2 dx = + x 2
2 x 2x + 3 2 2 x 2x + 3
Sea: u = x 2 2 x + 3, du = (2 x 2)dx du = 2( x 1)dx
x2 1 du x 2 1
= + x = + x x2 2x + 3 + c
2 2 u 2 2
x 2 x + 3x x + 3
4 3 2
x2 x
Respuesta: dx = + +c
x 2 x + 3x
3 2
2 x2 2 x + 3
EJERCICICOS PROPUESTOS
( x5 + 2)dx 7.12.-
xdx x3 dx
7.11.- 7.13.-
x2 1 ( x + 1) 2 x2 2 x 3
(3 x + 7)dx dx ( x + 5)dx
7.14.- 7.15.- 3 dx 7.16.- 2
( x 1)( x 2)( x 3) x +1 x x+6
( x 2 + 1)dx ( x 2 + 6)dx ( x 2 1)dx
7.17.- 7.18.- 7.19.-
x3 + 1 ( x 1) 2 ( x 2) ( x 2 + 1)( x 2)
162
xdx xdx ( x + 1)dx
7.20.- 7.21.- 7.22.-
x 4x 5
2
x 2x 3
2
x2 + 4 x 5
x 2 dx dx dx
7.23.- 2 7.24.- 7.25.-
x + 2x +1 x( x + 1) 2 ( x + 1)( x 2 + 1)
7.26.-
dx 2 x2 + 5x 1 ( x 2 + 2 x + 3)dx
7.27.- 3 dx 7.28.-
x( x + x + 1)
2
x + x2 2x ( x 1)( x + 1) 2
3x2 + 2 x 2 x 4 x3 + 2 x 2 x + 2 (2 x 2 7 x 1)dx
7.29.- dx 7.30.- dx 7.31.-
x3 1 ( x 1)( x 2 + 2) 2 x3 + x 2 x 1
3x 2 + 3x + 1 x3 + 7 x 2 5 x + 5 7.34.- 2
2 xdx
7.32.- dx 7.33.- dx
x3 + 2 x 2 + 2 x + 1 ( x 1) 2 ( x + 1) 2 ( x + x + 1) 2
x2 + 2 x + 3 (2 x 2 3x + 5)dx (3x 2 + x 2)dx
7.35.- dx 7.36.- 7.37.-
x3 x ( x + 2)( x 1)( x 3) ( x 1)( x 2 + 1)
( x + 5)dx 2 x3 + 3x 2 + x 1 (2 x + 1)dx
7.38.- 3 7.39.- dx 7.40.- 3
x 3x + 2 ( x + 1)( x 2 + 2 x + 2) 2 3x + 2 x 1
(2 x 2 + 3 x 1)dx x4 2 x2 + 3x + 4 et dt
7.41.- 7.42.- dx 7.43.-
x3 + 2 x 2 + 4 x + 2 ( x 1)3 ( x 2 + 2 x + 2) e2t + 3et + 2
s e n d 4 x 4 2 x3 x 2 + 3x + 1 3x 4 dx
7.44.- 7.45.- dx 7.46.-
cos + cos 2
2
( x3 + x 2 x 1) ( x 2 + 1) 2
(2 x 2 + 41x 91)dx (2 x 4 + 3x3 x 1)dx 7.49.- 2 x x
dx
7.47.- 7.48.-
x3 2 x 2 11x + 12 ( x 1)( x 2 + 2 x + 2) 2 e +e 2
7.50.-
s e n xdx (2 + g 2 ) sec 2 d (5 x3 + 2)dx
7.51.- 7.52.-
cos x(1 + cos 2 x) 1 + g 3 x3 5 x 2 + 4 x
x5 dx
7.53.-
( x3 + 1)( x3 + 8)
RESPUESTAS
( x5 + 2)dx
7.11.-
x2 1
Solucin.-
( x5 + 2)dx 3 x+2 x+2
x 2 1 = x + x + x 2 1 dx = x dx + xdx + x 2 1 dx
3
x4 x2 ( x + 2)dx
= + + () , luego:
4 2 ( x + 1)( x 1)
x+2 A B
= + x + 2 = A( x 1) + B( x + 1)
x 1 x +1 x 1
2
163
x = 1 3 = 2B B = 3
2
x = 1 1 = 2 A A = 1 2
x 4 x 2 1 dx 3 dx x4 x2 1 3
() = + + = + x +1 + x 1 + c
4 2 2 x + 1 2 x 1 4 2 2 2
( x 1)
4 2 3
x x 2
= + + +c
4 2 x +1
xdx
7.12.-
( x + 1) 2
Solucin.-
xdx Adx Bdx
( x + 1)2 = x + 1 + ( x + 1)2 () , luego:
x A B
= + x = A( x + 1) + B
( x + 1) 2
x + 1 ( x + 1) 2
x = 1 1 = B
x = 0 0 = A + B A = B A = 1
dx dx 1
() = x + 1 + ( x + 1) 1 + c = x + 1 + +c
x +1 ( x + 1) 2
x +1
x 3dx
7.13.-
x2 2 x 3
Solucin.-
x3dx 7x + 6 (7 x + 6)dx
x2 2 x 3 = x + 2 + x 2 2 x 3 dx = xdx + 2 dx + x 2 2 x 3
x2 (7 x + 6)dx
= + 2x + () , luego:
2 ( x 3)( x + 1)
(7 x + 6) A B
= + 7 x + 6 = A( x + 1) + B( x 3)
( x 3)( x + 1) x 3 x + 1
x = 3 27 = 4 A A = 27
4
x = 1 1 = 4 B B = 1 4
x2 27 dx 1 dx x2 27 1
() = + 2 x + + = + 2x + x 3 + x +1 + c
2 4 x 3 4 x +1 2 4 4
2
x 1
= + 2 x + ( x 3) 27 ( x + 1) + c
2 4
(3 x + 7)dx
7.14.-
( x 1)( x 2)( x 3)
Solucin.-
(3x + 7)dx Adx Bdx Cdx
( x 1)( x 2)( x 3) = x 1 + x 2 + x 3 ()
164
(3x + 7) A B C
= + +
( x 1)( x 2)( x 3) x 1 x 2 x 3
3 x 7 = A( x 2)( x 3) + B ( x 1)( x 3) + C ( x 1)( x 2) , luego:
x = 1 4 = 2 A A = 2
x = 2 1 = B B = 1
x = 3 2 = 2C C = 1
dx dx dx
() = 2 + + = 2 x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + c
x 1 x2 x3
( x 2)( x 3)
= +c
( x 1) 2
dx
7.15.- 3 dx
x +1
Solucin.-
dx dx Adx ( Bx + C )dx
x3 + 1dx = ( x + 1)( x 2 x + 1) = x + 1 + ( x 2 x + 1) () , luego:
1 A ( Bx + C )
= + 2 1 = A( x 2 x + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x + 1)
( x + 1)( x x + 1) x + 1 ( x x + 1)
2
x = 1 1 = 3 A A = 1
3
x = 0 1 = A + C C = 1 A C = 2
3
x = 1 1 = A + ( B + C )2 1 = 3 + 2 B + 2C 1 3 = B + C B = 1 3 C
1
B=1
3
1 dx ( 1 x + 2 )dx 1 1 ( x 2)dx
() = + 3 3 = x +1 2
3 x +1 ( x x + 1)
2
3 3 x x +1
1 1 (2 x 4)dx 1 1 (2 x 1 3)dx
= x +1 2 = x +1
3 6 x x +1 3 6 x2 x + 1
1 1 (2 x 1)dx 1 dx
= x +1 2 + 2
3 6 x x +1 2 x x +1
1 1 1 dx
= x + 1 x2 x + 1 + 2
3 6 2 (x x + 1 ) + 3
4 4
1 1 1 dx
= x + 1 x2 x + 1 +
3 6 2 ( x 1 )2 + ( 3 )2
2 2
1 1 1 1 x 1
= x + 1 x2 x + 1 + arc g 2 +c
3 6 2 3 3
2 2
1 1 3 2x 1
= x + 1 x2 x + 1 + arc g +c
3 6 3 3
165
3
x +1 3 2x 1
= + arc g +c
6
x2 x + 1 3 3
( x + 5)dx
7.16.- 2
x x+6
Solucin.-
( x + 5)dx ( x + 5)dx Adx Bdx
x2 x + 6 = ( x + 3)( x 2) = ( x + 3) + ( x 2) () , luego:
( x + 5) A B
= + x + 5 = A( x 2) + B ( x + 3)
( x + x 6) ( x + 3) ( x 2)
2
x = 2 7 = 5B B = 7
5
x = 3 2 = 5 A A = 2 5
2 dx 7 dx 2 2 1 ( x 2)7
() = + = x+3 + x2 +c = +c
5 x+3 5 x2 5 5 5 ( x + 3) 2
( x 2 + 1)dx
7.17.-
x3 + 1
Solucin.-
( x 2 + 1)dx ( x 2 + 1)dx Adx ( Bx + C )dx
x3 + 1 ( x + 1)( x 2 x + 1) = ( x + 1) + ( x2 x + 1) () , luego:
=
( x 2 + 1) A Bx + C
= + 2 x 2 + 1 = A( x 2 x + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x + 1)
x + 1 ( x + 1) ( x x + 1)
3
x = 1 2 = 3 A A = 2
3
x = 0 1 = A + C C = 1
3
x = 1 2 = A + ( B + C )2 B = 1 3
( x 2 + 1)dx ( x 2 + 1)dx 2 dx 1 ( x + 1)dx
() = = + 2
x +1
3
( x + 1)( x x + 1) 3 ( x + 1) 3 ( x x + 1)
2
1 (2 x 1) + 2 dx
= x +1 + 2 2
2 1 3 = 2 x + 1 + 1 (2 x 1)dx + 1 dx
3 3 ( x x + 1) 3 2
6 ( x x + 1) 2 ( x x + 1)
2
2 1 1 dx
= x + 1 + x2 x + 1 + 2
3 6 2 ( x x + 1)
2 1 1 dx
= x + 1 + x2 x + 1 + 2
3 6 2 (x x + 1 ) + 3
4 4
4 1 1 dx
= x + 1 + x2 x + 1 +
6 6 2 ( x 1 )2 + ( 3 )2
2 2
166
1 1 1 x 1
= ( x + 1) ( x x + 1) +
4 2
arc g 2 +c
6 2 3 3
2 2
1 3 2x 1
= ( x + 1) 4 ( x 2 x + 1) + arc g +c
6 3 3
( x 2 + 6)dx
7.18.-
( x 1) 2 ( x 2)
Solucin.-
( x 2 + 6)dx Adx Bdx Cdx
( x 1)2 ( x 2) = ( x + 1) + ( x 1)2 + ( x + 2) () , luego:
( x 2 + 6) A B C
= + +
( x 1) ( x 2) ( x + 1) ( x 1) ( x + 2)
2 2
x 2 + 6 = A( x + 1) + ( x + 2) + B( x + 2) + C ( x 1) 2
x = 1 7 = 3B B = 7
3
x = 2 10 = 9C C = 10
9
x = 0 6 = 2 A + B + C A = 1 9
1 dx 7 dx 10 dx 1 7 1 10
() = + + = x 1 + x+2 +c
9 ( x + 1) 3 ( x 1) 2
9 ( x + 2) 9 3 x 1 9
1 ( x + 2)10 7
= +c
9 x 1 3( x 1)
( x 2 1)dx
7.19.-
( x 2 + 1)( x 2)
Solucin.-
( x 2 1)dx Ax + B Cdx
( x2 + 1)( x 2) = ( x 2 + 1) dx + ( x 2) () , luego:
( x 2 1) Ax + B C
= 2 + x 2 1 = ( Ax + B)( x 2) + C ( x 2 + 1)
( x + 1)( x 2) ( x + 1) ( x 2)
2
x = 2 3 = 5C C = 3
5
x = 0 1 = 2 B + C B = 4
5
x = 1 0 = ( A + B ) + 2C A = 2 5
( 2 x + 4 )dx 3 dx
1 2 xdx 4 dx 3 dx
() = 5 5 + 5 = 2 + 2 +
( x + 1)
2
( x 2) 5 ( x + 1) 5 ( x + 1) 5 x 2
1 4 3 1 4
= x 2 + 1 + arc x + x 2 + c = ( x 2 + 1)( x 2)3 + arc x + c
5 5 5 5 5
167
xdx
7.20.- 2
x 4x 5
Solucin.-
xdx xdx Adx Bdx
x2 4 x 5 = ( x + 5)( x 1) = ( x + 5) + ( x 1) () , luego:
x A B
= + x = A( x 1) + B( x + 5)
( x + 5)( x 1) ( x + 5) ( x 1)
x = 1 1 = 6B B = 1
6
x = 5 5 = 6 A A = 5 6
5 dx 1 dx 5 1 5
() = + = x + 5 + x 1 + c = ( x + 5)5 ( x 1) + c
6 ( x + 5) 6 ( x 1) 6 6 6
xdx
7.21.- 2
x 2x 3
Solucin.-
xdx xdx Adx Bdx
x2 2 x 3 = ( x 3)( x + 1) = ( x 3) + ( x + 1) () , luego:
x A B
= + x = A( x + 1) + B( x 3)
( x 3)( x + 1) ( x 3) ( x + 1)
x = 1 1 = 4 B B = 1
4
x = 3 3 = 4 A A = 3 4
3 dx 1 B 3 1 1
() = + = x 3 + x + 1 + c = ( x 3)3 ( x + 1) + c
4 ( x 3) 4 ( x + 1) 4 4 4
( x + 1)dx
7.22.- 2
x + 4x 5
Solucin.-
( x + 1)dx ( x + 1)dx Adx Bdx
x2 + 4 x 5 = ( x + 5)( x 1) = ( x + 5) + ( x 1) () , luego:
x +1 A B
= + x + 1 = A( x 1) + B ( x + 5)
( x + 4 x 5) ( x + 5) ( x 1)
2
x = 1 2 = 6B B = 1
3
x = 5 3 = 4 A 6 A = 2 3
2 dx 1 B 2 1 1
() = + = x + 5 + x 1 + c = ( x + 5) 2 ( x 1) + c
3 ( x + 5) 3 ( x 1) 3 3 3
2
x dx
7.23.- 2
x + 2x +1
Solucin.-
168
x 2 dx 2x +1 (2 x + 1)dx (2 x + 1)dx
x2 + 2 x + 1 = 1 x 2 + 2 x + 1 dx = dx x 2 + 2 x + 1 = dx ( x + 1)2
Adx Bdx
= x + () , luego:
( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2
2x +1 A B
= + 2 x + 1 = A( x + 1) + B
( x + 1) 2
( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2
x = 1 1 = B B = 1
x = 0 1 = A + B A = 2
dx dx 1 1
() = x 2 2
= x 2 x + 1 + + c = x 2 x +1 +c
( x + 1) ( x + 1) x + 5 x+5
dx
7.24.-
x( x + 1) 2
Solucin.-
dx Adx Bdx Cdx
x( x + 1)2 = x + ( x + 1) + ( x + 1)2 () , luego:
1 A B C
= + + 1 = A( x + 1) 2 + Bx( x + 1) + Cx
x( x + 1) 2
x ( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2
x = 1 1 = C C = 1
x = 0 1 = A A = 1
x = 1 1 = 4 A + 2 B + C B = 1
dx dx dx 1 x 1
() = = x x +1 + +c = + +c
x ( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2
x +1 x +1 x +1
dx
7.25.-
( x + 1)( x 2 + 1)
Solucin.-
dx Adx Bx + C
( x + 1)( x + 1)2 = x + 1 + ( x2 + 1) dx () , luego:
1 A Bx + C
= + 2 1 = A( x 2 + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x + 1)
( x + 1)( x + 1) x + 1 ( x + 1)
2
x = 1 1 = 2 A A = 1
2
x = 0 1 = A + C C = 1
2
x = 1 1 = 2 A + ( B + C )2 B = 1 2
1 dx (1 x + 1 )dx 1 1 x 1
() = + 2 2 = x +1 2 dx
2 ( x + 1) ( x + 1)
2
2 2 ( x + 1)
1 1 2 xdx 1 dx 1 1 1
= x +1 2 + 2 = x + 1 x 2 + 1 + arc gx + c
2 4 ( x + 1) 2 ( x + 1) 2 4 2
169
1 ( x + 1) 2 1
= 2 + arc gx + c
4 x +1 2
dx
7.26.-
x( x + x + 1)
2
Solucin.-
dx Adx Bx + C
x( x 2 + x + 1) = x + ( x 2 + x + 1) dx () , luego:
1 A Bx + C
= + 2 1 = A( x 2 + x + 1) + ( Bx + C ) x
x( x + x + 1) x ( x + x + 1)
2
x = 0 1 = A A = 1
x = 1 1 = 3 A + B + C B + C = 2
x = 1 1 = A + B C B C = 0
dx ( x + 1)dx 1 (2 x + 2)dx
() = 2 = x +1 2
x ( x + x + 1) 2 ( x + x + 1)
1 (2 x + 1) + 1 1 (2 x + 1)dx 1 dx
= x 2 dx = x 2 2
2 ( x + x + 1) 2 ( x + x + 1) 2 ( x + x + 1)
1 1 dx
= x x2 + x + 1 2
2 2 (x + x + 1 ) + 3
4 4
1 1 dx
= x x2 + x + 1
2 2 ( x + 1 )2 + ( 3 )2
2 2
1 1 1 x+ 1
= x x2 + x + 1 arc g 2 +c
2 2 3 3
2 2
1 3 2x +1
= x x2 + x + 1 arc g +c
2 3 3
2 x2 + 5x 1
7.27.- 3 dx
x + x2 2 x
Solucin.-
(2 x 2 + 5 x 1)dx Adx Bdx Cdx
( x3 + x 2 2 x) = x + ( x 1) + ( x + 2) () , luego:
2 x2 + 5x 1 A B C
= + +
( x + x 2 x) x ( x 1) ( x + 2)
3 2
170
1 dx dx 1 dx 1 1
() =
2 x
+ 2 = x + 2 x 1 x + 2 + c
( x 1) 2 ( x + 2) 2 2
x2 + 2 x + 3
7.28.- dx
( x 1)( x + 1) 2
Solucin.-
x2 + 2x + 3 Adx Bdx Cdx
( x 1)( x + 1)2 dx = ( x 1) + ( x + 1) + ( x + 1)2 () , luego:
x2 + 2x + 3 A B C
= + +
( x 1)( x + 1) 2
( x 1) ( x 1) ( x + 1) 2
x 2 + 2 x + 3 = A( x + 1) 2 + B ( x 1)( x + 1) + C ( x 1)
x = 1 6 = 4A A = 3
2
x = 1 2 = 2C C = 1
x = 0 3 = A B C B = 2
1
3 dx 1 dx dx 3 1 1
() = = x 1 x +1 + +c
2 x 1 2 x +1 ( x + 1) 2
2 2 x +1
1 ( x 1)3 1
= + +c
2 x +1 x +1
3x2 + 2 x 2
7.29.- dx
x3 1
Solucin.-
3x 2 + 2 x 2 3x 2 + 2 x 2 Adx ( Bx + C )dx
x3 1 dx = ( x 1)( x2 + x + 1)dx = x 1 + ( x 2 + x + 1) () , luego:
3x 2 + 2 x 2 A Bx + C
= + 2
( x 1)( x + x + 1) x 1 ( x + x + 1)
2
3 x 2 + 2 x 2 = A( x 2 + x + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x 1)
x = 1 3 = 3A A = 1
x = 0 2 = A C C = 3
x = 1 1 = A + ( B + C )(2) B = 2
dx (2 x + 3)dx (2 x + 1) + 2
() = + 2 = x 1 + 2 dx
x 1 ( x + x + 1) ( x + x + 1)
(2 x + 1)dx dx
= x 1 + 2 + 2 2
( x + x + 1) ( x + x + 1)
dx
= x 1 + x 2 + x + 1 + 2
( x + 1 )2 + ( 3 )2
2 2
171
1 x+ 1
= ( x 1)( x + x + 1) + 2
2
arc g 2 +c
3 3
2
4 3 2x +1
= ( x 1)( x 2 + x + 1) + arc g +c
3 3
x 4 x3 + 2 x 2 x + 2
7.30.- dx
( x 1)( x 2 + 2) 2
Solucin.-
x 4 x3 + 2 x 2 x + 2 Adx ( Bx + C )dx ( Dx + E )dx
( x 1)( x 2 + 2)2 dx = x 1 + ( x2 + 2) + ( x 2 + 2)2 () , luego:
x 4 x3 + 2 x 2 x + 2 A Bx + C Dx + E
= + 2 + 2
( x 1)( x + 2)
2 2
x 1 ( x + 2) ( x + 2) 2
x 4 x3 + 2 x 2 x + 2 = A( x 2 + 2) 2 + ( Bx + C )( x 1)( x 2 + 2) + ( Dx + E )( x 1)
= A( x 4 + 4 x 2 + 4) + ( Bx + C )( x3 + 2 x x 2 2) + Dx 2 Dx + Ex E
= Ax 4 + 4 Ax 2 + 4 A + Bx 4 + 2 Bx 2 Bx3 2 Bx + Cx3 + 2Cx Cx 2 2C
+ Dx 2 Dx + Ex E
= ( A + B ) x 4 + (C B ) x3 + (4 A C + 2 B + D) x 2 + (2 B + 2C D + E ) x + (4 A 2C E )
Igualando coeficientes, se tiene:
A+ B =1
B+ C = 1
4 A+ 2 B C + D = 2 A = 1 3 , B = 2 3 , C = 13 , D = 1, E = 0
2 B + 2 C D + E = 1
2C E = 2
4A
1 dx ( 2 x 1 )dx xdx
() = + 3 2 3 2
3 x 1 ( x + 2) ( x + 2)2
1 dx 1 2 xdx 1 dx 1 2 xdx
= + 2 2 2
3 x 1 3 ( x + 2) 3 ( x + 2) 2 ( x + 2) 2
1 1 2 x 1 1
= x 1 + x2 + 2 arc g + +c
2 2 x +2
2
3 3 6
1 2 x 1
= ( x 1)( x 2 + 2) arc g + +c
2 2( x + 2)
2
3 6
2 x2 7 x 1
7.31.- 3 dx
x + x2 x 1
Solucin.-
2x2 7 x 1 2 x2 7 x 1 Adx Bdx Cdx
x3 + x2 x 1 ( x 1)( x + 1)2 dx = x 1 + ( x + 1) + ( x + 1)2 () , luego:
dx =
172
2x2 7 x 1 A B C
= + +
( x + x x 1) x 1 ( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2
3 2
2 x 2 7 x 1 = A( x + 1) 2 + B ( x 1)( x + 1) + C ( x 1)
x = 1 8 = 2C C = 4
x =1 6 = 4 A A = 3
2
x = 0 1 = A B C B = 7 2
3 dx 7 dx dx 3 7 4
() = + 4 = x 1 + x +1 + +c
2 x 1 2 x +1 ( x + 1) 2
2 2 x +1
1 ( x + 1)7 4
= + +c
2 ( x 1) 3
x +1
3x 2 + 3x + 1
7.32.- dx
x3 + 2 x 2 + 2 x + 1
Solucin.-
3x 2 + 3x + 1 (3 x 2 + 3x + 1)dx Adx ( Bx + C )dx
x3 + 2 x 2 + 2 x + 1 ( x + 1)( x 2 + x + 1) = x + 1 + ( x2 + x + 1) () , luego:
dx =
3x2 + 3x + 1 A Bx + C
= + 2
( x + 1)( x + x + 1) x + 1 ( x + x + 1)
2
3 x 2 + 3 x + 1 = A( x 2 + x + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x + 1)
x = 1 A = 1
x = 0 1 = A + C C = 0
x = 1 7 = 3 A + ( B + C )(2) B = 2
dx 2 xdx (2 x + 1) 1
() = + 2 = x +1 + 2 dx
x +1 ( x + x + 1) ( x + x + 1)
(2 x + 1)dx dx
= x +1 + 2 2
( x + x + 1) ( x + x + 1)
dx
= x + 1 + x2 + x + 1
( x 2 + x + 1 ) + ( 3 )2
4 2
1 x+ 1
= x + 1 + x2 + x + 1 arc g 2 +c
3 3
2 2
2 3 2x +1
= ( x + 1)( x 2 + x + 1) arc g +c
3 3
x3 + 7 x 2 5 x + 5
7.33.- dx
( x 1) 2 ( x + 1) 2
Solucin.-
173
x3 + 7 x 2 5 x + 5 Adx Bdx Cdx Ddx Edx
( x 1)2 ( x + 1)3 dx = x 1 + ( x 1)2 + ( x + 1) + ( x + 1)2 + ( x + 1)3 () , luego:
x3 + 7 x 2 5 x + 5 A B C D E
= + + + +
( x 1) ( x + 1)
2 3
x 1 ( x 1) 2
x + 1 ( x + 1) ( x + 1)3
2
dx dx 1 2 x2 4x 1
() = + 4 ( x + 1)3 x 1 ( x + 1)2
= + c = +c
( x 1) 2 ( x 1)( x + 1) 2
2 xdx
7.34.- 2
( x + x + 1) 2
Solucin.-
2 xdx ( Ax + B)dx (Cx + D)dx
( x2 + x + 1)2 = x 2 + x + 1 + ( x 2 + x + 1)2 () , luego:
2x Ax + B Cx + D
= 2 + 2
( x + x + 1)
2 2
x + x + 1 ( x + x + 1) 2
2 x = ( Ax + B)( x 2 + x + 1) + Cx + D 2 x = Ax3 + Ax 2 + Ax + Bx 2 + Bx + B + Cx + D
= Ax3 + ( A + B) x 2 + ( A + B + C ) x + B + D , igualando coeficientes se tiene:
A = 0
A+ B = 0
A+ B +C =2
+ D = 0
A = 0, B = 0, C = 2, D = 0
2 xdx
() = 2 , de donde el mtodo sugerido pierde aplicabilidad; tal como se
( x + x + 1)
haba planteado la tcnica trabajada debe ser sustituida por otra:
2 xdx (2 x + 1)dx dx
( x2 + x + 1) = ( x 2 + x + 1) ( x 2 + x + 1)2
174
(2 x + 1)dx 16 dx
= ()
( x + x + 1) 9
2
2
2 ( x + 1 2) + 1
3
sea: u = 2 ( x + 1 ), dx = 3 du , entonces:
3 2 2
1 16 3 du
()
x + x + 1 9 2 (u + 1) 2
2 2
, trabajando la integral sustituyendo
trigonomtricamente:
1 8 3 sec2 d
= 2
x + x +1
9 sec
4
, ya que: u = g , du = sec 2 d
1 8 3 1 1 u
= 2 arc gu +
x + x +1 9 2 2 (u 2 + 1)
2 (x + 1 )
1 8 3 1 2 3 2
= 2 arc g (x + ) +
1 +c
x + x +1 9 2 3 2 2 4 ( x + 1 ) + 1
2
3 2
x+ 1
1 8 3 1 2
arc g
= 2 (x + ) + 2
1 +c
x + x +1 9 2 3 2 3 4 ( x + 1 ) + 1
2
3 2
1 4 3 2 8 (x + 1 )
= 2 arc g (x + 1 ) 2 +c
x + x +1 9 3 2 9 ( x + ) 2 + 1
4 1
3 2
x + 2x + 3
2
7.35.- dx
x3 x
Solucin.-
x2 + 2 x + 3 x2 + 2 x + 3 Adx Bdx Cdx
x3 x dx = x( x 1)( x + 1)dx = x + ( x 1) + ( x + 1) () , luego:
x2 + 2 x + 3 A B C
= + +
x( x 1)( x + 1) x ( x 1) ( x + 1)
x 2 + 2 x + 3 = A( x 1)( x + 1) + Bx( x + 1) + Cx( x 1)
x = 0 3 = A A = 3
x = 1 2 = 2C C = 1
x = 1 6 = 2B B = 3
dx dx dx
() = 3 + 3 + = 3 x + 3 x 1 + x + 1 + c
x ( x 1) ( x + 1)
( x 1)3 ( x + 1)
= +c
x3
175
(2 x 2 3 x + 5)dx
7.36.-
( x + 2)( x 1)( x 3)
Solucin.-
2 x 2 3x + 5 Adx Bdx Cdx
( x + 2)( x 1)( x 3)dx = ( x + 2) + ( x 1) + ( x 3) () , luego:
2 x 2 3x + 5 A B C
= + +
( x + 2)( x 1)( x 3) x + 2 x 1 x 3
2 x 2 3x + 5 = A( x 1)( x 3) + B ( x + 2)( x 3) + C ( x + 2)( x 1)
x = 1 4 = 6 B B = 2
3
x = 3 14 = 10C C = 7
5
x = 2 19 = 15 A A = 19 15
19 dx 2 dx 7 dx 19 2 7
() = + = x + 2 x 1 + x 3 + c
15 x + 2 3 x 1 5 x 3 15 3 5
3x + x 2
2
7.37.- dx
( x 1)( x 2 + 1)
Solucin.-
3x2 + x 2 Adx ( Bx + C )dx
( x 1)( x 2 + 1)dx = ( x 1) + ( x 2 + 1) () , luego:
3x2 + x 2 A Bx + C
= + 2
( x 1)( x + 1) x 1 x + 1
2
3 x 2 + x 2 = A( x 2 + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x 1)
x = 1 2 = 2A A = 1
x = 0 2 = A C C = 3
x = 2 12 = 5 A + 2 B + C B = 2
dx (2 x + 3)dx dx 2 xdx dx
() = + = + 2 + 3 2
x 1 x +1
2
x 1 x +1 x +1
= x 1 + x + 1 + 3arc gx + c = ( x 1)( x 2 + 1) + 3arc gx + c
2
( x + 5)dx
7.38.-
x3 3x + 2
Solucin.-
( x + 5)dx ( x + 5)dx Adx Bdx Cdx
x3 3x + 2 = ( x 1)2 ( x + 2) = ( x 1) + ( x 1)2 + ( x + 2) () , luego:
x+5 A B C
= + +
x 3 x + 2 x 1 ( x 1) ( x + 2)
3 2
x + 5 = A( x 1)( x + 2) + B( x + 2) + C ( x 1) 2
176
x = 1 6 = 3B B = 2
x = 2 3 = 9C C = 1
3
x = 0 5 = 2 A + B + C A = 1 3
1 dx dx 1 dx 1 2 1
() = + 2 + = x 1 + x+2 +c
3 ( x 1) ( x 1) 3 ( x + 2)
2
3 x 1 3
1 x+2 2
= +c
3 x 1 x 1
2 x3 + 3x 2 + x 1
7.39.- dx
( x + 1)( x 2 + 2 x + 2) 2
Solucin.-
(2 x3 + 3 x 2 + x 1)dx Adx ( Bx + C )dx ( Dx + E )dx
( x + 1)( x2 + 2 x + 2)2 = x + 1 + ( x2 + 2 x + 2) + ( x2 + 2 x + 2)2 () , luego:
2 x3 + 3x 2 + x 1 A Bx + C Dx + E
= + 2 + 2
( x + 1)( x + 2 x + 2)
2 2
x + 1 ( x + 2 x + 2) ( x + 2 x + 2) 2
2 x3 + 3x 2 + x 1 = A( x 2 + 2 x + 2) 2 + ( Bx + C )( x 2 + 2 x + 2)( x + 1) + ( Dx + E )( x + 1)
= Ax 4 + 4 Ax3 + 8 Ax 2 + 8 Ax + 4 A + Bx 4 + 3Bx 3 + 4 Bx 2 + 2 Bx + Cx3 + 3Cx 2 + 4Cx
+2C + Dx 2 + Dx + Ex + E
= ( A + B ) x 4 + (4 A + 3B + C ) x3 + (+8 A + 4 B + 3C + D) x 2
+ (8 A + 2 B + 4C + D + E ) x + (4 A + 2C + E )
Igualando coeficientes, se tiene:
A + B = 0
4 A +3B + C = 2
8 A + 4 B + 3C + D = 3 A = 1, B = 1, C = 3, D = 2, E = 3
8 A + 2 B + 4C + D + E = 1
4A + 2C + E = 1
dx ( x + 3)dx (2 x + 3)dx
() = + 2 2
x +1 ( x + 2 x + 2) ( x + 2 x + 2) 2
1 (2 x + 6)dx (2 x + 2) + 1dx
= x 1 + 2 2
2 ( x + 2 x + 2) ( x + 2 x + 2) 2
1 (2 x + 2) + 4 (2 x + 2)dx dx
= x 1 + 2 dx 2 2
2 ( x + 2 x + 2) ( x + 2 x + 2) 2
( x + 2 x + 2) 2
1 (2 x + 2)dx dx (2 x + 2)dx dx
= x 1 + 2 + 2 2 2 2
2 ( x + 2 x + 2) ( x + 2 x + 2) ( x + 2 x + 2) 2
( x + 2 x + 2) 2
1 dx 1 1 dx
= x 1 + x2 + 2 x + 2 + 2 +
2 ( x + 1) + 1 2 x + 2 x + 2
2 2
( x + 1) 2 + 1
2
177
1
= x 1 + x 2 + 2 x + 2 + 2 arc g ( x + 1)
2
1 1 1 x +1 1
+ arc g ( x + 1) + c
2 x + 2x + 2 2 x + 2x + 2 2
2 2
x2 + 2x + 2 3 1 x
= + arc g ( x + 1) +c
x +1 2 2 x + 2x + 2
2
(2 x 2 + 3 x 1)dx
7.40.- 3
x + 2x2 + 4x + 2
Solucin.-
(2 x 2 + 3x 1)dx (2 x 2 + 3x 1)dx Adx ( Bx + C )dx
x3 + 2 x 2 + 4 x + 2 ( x + 1)( x2 + 2 x + 2) = ( x + 1) + ( x2 + 2 x + 2) () , luego:
=
(2 x 2 + 3 x 1) A ( Bx + C )
= + 2
( x + 1)( x + 2 x + 2) ( x + 1) ( x + 2 x + 2)
2
2 x 2 + 3x 1 = A( x 2 + 2 x + 2) + ( Bx + C )( x + 1)
x = 1 2 = A A = 2
x = 0 1 = 2 A + C C = 3
x = 1 4 = 5 A + ( B + C )(2) B = 4
dx (4 x + 3)dx (2 x + 2) 1
() = 2 + 2 = 2 x + 1 + 2 2 dx
( x + 1) x + 2x + 2 x + 2x + 2
(2 x + 2)dx dx
= 2 x + 1 + 2 2 2 2
x + 2x + 2 x + 2x + 2
= 2 x + 1 + 2 x + 2 x + 2 2 arc g ( x + 1) + c
2
(2 x + 1)dx
7.41.-
3x3 + 2 x 1
Solucin.-
(2 x + 1)dx (2 x + 1)dx Adx ( Bx + C )dx
3x3 2 x 1 = ( x 1)(3x 2 + 3x + 1) = ( x 1) + (3x2 + 3x + 1) () , luego:
(2 x + 1) A ( Bx + C )
= +
(3 x 2 x 1) ( x 1) (3x 2 + 3x + 1)
3
2 x + 1 = A(3x 2 + 3x + 1) + ( Bx + C )( x 1)
x = 1 3 = 7 A A = 3
7
x = 0 1 = A C C = 4
7
x = 1 1 = A + ( B + C )(2) B = 9 7
1 9 (6 x + 3 3 )dx
1
3 dx 1 (9 x + 4)dx 3
7 ( x 1) 7 3x 2 + 3x + 1 7 7 6 3x2 + 3x + 1
() = = x 1
178
3 3 (6 x + 3)dx 1 dx
= x 1 2 + 2
7 14 3 x + 3 x + 1 14 3x + 3x + 1
3 3 1 dx
= x 1 3x 2 + 3x + 1 +
7 14 14 3( x + 1 ) 2 + 1
2 4
3 3 2 dx
= x 1 3x 2 + 3x + 1 +
7 14 7 12( x + 1 ) 2 + 1
2
3 3 3
= x 1 3x 2 + 3x + 1 + arc g 2 3( x + 1 ) + c
7 14 21 2
x 2 x + 3x + 4
4 2
7.42.- dx
( x 1)3 ( x 2 + 2 x + 2)
Solucin.-
x 4 2 x 2 + 3x + 4 Adx Bdx Cdx ( Dx + E )dx
( x 1)3 ( x 2 + 2 x + 2)dx = ( x 1) + ( x 1)2 + ( x 1)3 + ( x2 + 2 x + 2) () , luego:
x 4 2 x 2 + 3x + 4 A B C Dx + E
= + + + 2
( x 1) ( x + 2 x + 2) ( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 1) ( x + 2 x + 2)
3 2 2 3
x 4 2 x 2 + 3x + 4 = A( x 1) 2 ( x 2 + 2 x + 2) + B( x 1)( x 2 + 2 x + 2)
+C ( x 2 + 2 x + 2) + ( Dx + E )( x 1)3
x 4 2 x 2 + 3x + 4 = A( x 2 2 x + 1)( x 2 + 2 x + 2) + B( x3 + 2 x 2 + 2 x x 2 2 x 2)
+C ( x 2 + 2 x + 2) + ( Dx + E )( x3 3 x 2 + 3x 1)
x 4 2 x 2 + 3x + 4 = Ax 4 Ax 2 2 Ax + 2 A + Bx3 + Bx 2 2 B + Cx 2 + 2Cx + 2C
+ Dx 4 3Dx 3 + 3Dx 2 Dx + Ex3 3Ex 2 + 3Ex E
x 4 2 x 2 + 3 x + 4 = ( A + D ) x 4 + ( B 3 D + E ) x 3 + ( A + B + C + 3 D 3E ) x 2
+ (2 A + 2C D + 3E ) x + (2 A 2 B + 2C E )
Igualando coeficientes se tiene:
A +D = 1
B 3 D + E = 0
A + B + C + 3 D 3 E = 2
2 A +2C D +3E = 3
2 A 2 B +2C E = 4
A = 106 ,B = 9 , C = 6 , D = 19 , E = 102
125 25 5 125 125
19 ( x +
102 )dx
106 9 1 6 1
25 x 1 5 (2)( x 1) 2 125 ( x 2 + 2 x + 2)
= x 1 + + + 19
125
179
106 9 3 19 (2 x + 2) + 8 14
=
125
x 1 +
25( x 1) 5( x 1) 2
+
250 ( x + 2 x + 2)
2
19
dx
106 9 3 19 19 166 dx
=
125
x 1 +
25( x 1) 5( x 1) 2
+
250
x2 + 2 x + 2 +
250 19 ( x + 2 x + 1) + 1
2
106 9 3 19 166 dx
=
125
x 1 +
25( x 1) 5( x 1) 2
+
250
x2 + 2x + 2 +
250 ( x + 1) 2 + 1
106 9 3 19 166
= x 1 + + x2 + 2 x + 2 + arc g ( x + 1) + c
125 25( x 1) 5( x 1) 2 250 250
et dt
7.43.- 2t
e + 3et + 2
Solucin.-
et dt et dt
e2t + 3et + 2 (et + 2)(et + 2) () , Sea: u = e + 1, du = e dt; e + 2 = u + 1
= t t t
Luego:
du Adu Bdu
() = + ()
(u + 1)u (u + 1) u
1 A B
= + 1 = Au + B (u + 1)
(u + 1)u (u + 1) u
u = 0 1 = B B = 1
u = 1 1 = A A = 1
du du
() = + = u + 1 + u + c = et + 2 + e t + 1 + c
(u + 1) u
et + 1
= +c
et + 2
s e n d
7.44.-
cos + cos 2
2
Solucin.-
s e n d s e n d
cos2 + cos 2 = (cos + 2)(cos 1) () ,
Sea: u = cos 1, du = s e n d , cos + 2 = u + 3
Luego:
du du Adu Bdu
() = = ()
(u + 3)u u (u + 3) u u +3
1 A B
= + 1 = A(u + 3) + Bu
u (u + 3) u u + 3
u = 0 1 = 3 A A = 1
3
u = 3 1 = 3B B = 1 3
180
1 du 1 du 1 1
() = +
3 u 3 (u + 3)
= u + u+3 +c
3 3
1 1
= cos 1 + cos + 2 + c , Como: cos < 1 , se tiene:
3 3
1 1 1 2 + cos
= 1 cos + 2 + cos + c = +c
3 3 3 1 cos
4 x 4 2 x3 x 2 + 3x + 1
7.45.- dx
( x3 + x 2 x 1)
Solucin.-
4 x 4 2 x3 x 2 + 3x + 1 9 x2 + x 5
( x3 + x 2 x 1) dx =
4 x 6 + dx
x3 + x 2 x 1
(9 x 2 + x 5)dx (9 x 2 + x 5)dx
= 4dx 6dx + = 2 x 2
6 x + x3 + x 2 x 1 ()
x3 + x 2 x 1
Trabajando slo la integral resultante:
(9 x 2 + x 5)dx (9 x 2 + x 5)dx Adx Bdx Cdx
x3 + x 2 x 1 ( x + 1)2 ( x 1) = ( x + 1) + ( x + 1)2 + ( x 1) () , luego:
=
(9 x 2 + x 5) A B C
= + +
( x + x x 1) ( x + 1) ( x + 1)
3 2 2
x 1
= 9 x + x 5 = A( x + 1)( x 1) + B( x 1) + C ( x + 1) 2
2
x = 1 5 = 4C C = 5
4
x = 1 3 = 2 B B = 3
2
x = 0 5 = A B + C A = 31 4
31 dx 3 dx 5 dx 31 3 5
() = + = x +1 + + x 1 + c
4 ( x + 1) 2 ( x + 1) 4 ( x 1) 4
2
2( x + 1) 4
31 3 5
() = 2 x 2 6 x + x +1 + + x 1 + c
4 2( x + 1) 4
3 x 4 dx
7.46.- 2
( x + 1) 2
Solucin.-
3 x 4 dx 3 x 4 dx 2 x2 + 1 2 x2 + 1
( x2 + 1)2 = ( x 4 + 2 x2 + 1) = 3 1 ( x 2 + 1)2 dx = 3 dx 3 ( x 2 + 1)2 dx
2 x2 + 1
= 3 x 3 2 dx ()
( x + 1) 2
Trabajando slo la integral resultante:
(2 x 2 + 1)dx ( Ax + B)dx (Cx + D)dx
( x 2 + 1)2 = ( x2 + 1) + ( x 2 + 1)2 () , luego:
181
(2 x 2 + 1) Ax + B Cx + D
= 2 + 2 2 x 2 + 1 = ( Ax + B )( x 2 + 1) + Cx + D
( x + 1)
2 2
( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2
2 x 2 + 1 = Ax3 + Ax + Bx 2 + B + Cx + D 2 x 2 + 1 = Ax3 + Bx 2 + ( A + C ) x + ( B + D)
Igualando coeficientes: A = 0, B = 2, A + C = 0 C = 0, B + D = 1 D = 1
dx dx 1 x
() = 2 2 2 = 2 arc gx arc gx + +c
( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2
2 1 + x2
3 x
= arc gx +c
2 2(1 + x 2 )
9 x
() = 3 x arc gx +c
2 2(1 + x 2 )
(2 x 2 + 41x 91)dx
7.47.-
x3 2 x 2 11x + 12
Solucin.-
(2 x 2 + 41x 91)dx (2 x 2 + 41x 91)dx
x3 2 x 2 11x + 12 = ( x 1)( x + 3)( x 4)
(2 x 2 + 41x 91)dx Adx Bdx Cdx
= = + + ()
( x 1)( x + 3)( x 4) x 1 x+3 x4
(2 x 2 + 41x 91) A B C
= + +
( x 1)( x + 3)( x 4) x 1 x + 3 x 4
(2 x 2 + 41x 91) = A( x + 3)( x 4) + B ( x 1)( x 4) + C ( x 1)( x + 3)
x = 3 18 123 91 = B(4)(7) B = 7
x = 4 32 + 164 91 = C (3)(7) C = 5
x = 1 2 + 41 91 = A(4)(3) A = 4
dx dx dx
() = 4 7 + 5 = 4 x 1 7 x + 3 + 5 x 4 + c
( x 1) ( x + 3) ( x 4)
( x 1) 4 ( x 4)5
= +c
( x + 3)7
(2 x 4 + 3 x 3 x 1)dx
7.48.-
( x 1)( x 2 + 2 x + 2) 2
Solucin.-
2 x 4 + 3x3 x 1 Adx ( Bx + C )dx ( Dx + E )dx
( x 1)( x 2 + 2 x + 2)2 dx = ( x 1) + ( x 2 + 2 x + 2) + ( x2 + 2 x + 2)2 () , luego:
2 x 4 + 3x 2 x 1 A Bx + C Dx + E
= + 2 + 2
( x 1)( x + 2 x + 2)
2 2
( x 1) ( x + 2 x + 2) ( x + 2 x + 2) 2
2 x 4 + 3 x3 x 1 = A( x 2 + 2 x + 2) 2 + ( Bx + C )( x 1)( x 2 + 2 x + 2) + ( Dx + E )( x 1)
2 x 4 + 3 x3 x 1 = A( x 4 + 4 x 2 + 4 + 4 x3 + 4 x 2 + 8 x) + B ( x 4 + 2 x3 + 2 x 2 x3 2 x 2 2 x)
+C ( x3 + 2 x 2 + 2 x x 2 2 x 2) + D( x 2 x) + E ( x 1)
182
2 x 4 + 3 x3 x 1 = ( A + B ) x 4 + (4 A + B + C ) x3 + (8 A + C + D) x 2
+ (8 A 2 B D + E ) x + (4 A 2C E )
Igualando coeficientes se tiene:
A + B = 2
4A + B + C = 3
8A + C +D = 0
8A 2B D + E = 1
4A 2C E = 1
A= 3 , B = 47 , C = 16 , D = 8 , E = 1
25 25 25 5 5
3 dx 1 (47 x + 16)dx 1 (8 x 1)dx
() = + 2 2
25 x 1 25 ( x + 2 x + 2) 5 ( x + 2 x + 2) 2
47 ( x + 8 ( x 8 )dx
16 )dx 1
3
= x 1 + 2 47 2
25 25 ( x + 2 x + 2) 5 ( x + 2 x + 2) 2
47 (2 x + 2) 47 4 (2 x + 2) 4
62 9
3
x 1 +
5 ( x 2 + 2 x + 2) 2
= dx dx
25 50 ( x 2 + 2 x + 2)
3 47 (2 x + 2)dx 62 dx 4 (2 x + 2)dx
= x 1 + 2 2 2
25 50 ( x + 2 x + 2) 50 ( x + 2 x + 2) 5 ( x + 2 x + 2) 2
9 dx
+ 2
5 ( x + 2 x + 2) 2
3 47 62 dx 4 1
= x 1 + x2 + 2 x + 2 + 2
25 50 50 ( x + 1) + 1 5 ( x + 2 x + 2)
2
9 dx
+
5 ( x + 1) 2 + 1 2
3 47 62 4
= x 1 + x 2 + 2 x + 2 arc g ( x + 1) +
25 50 50 5( x + 2 x + 2)
2
9 1 1 x +1
+ arc g ( x + 1) + +c
5 2 2 x + 2 x + 2
2
3 47 17 9 x + 17
= x 1 + x 2 + 2 x + 2 arc g ( x + 1) + +c
25 50 50 10( x 2 + 2 x + 2)
dx
7.49.- 2 x
e + ex 2
Solucin.-
dx dx dx
e 2 x + e x 2 = (e x ) 2 + e x 2 = (e x ) 2 + e x + 1 2 1
4 4
183
dx du
= () , Sea: u = e x + 1 , du = e x dx dx =
2
e x + 1 ( 3 ) 2 2 u 1
2 2 2
Luego:
du
u 1 du Adu Bdu Cdu
() 2 2 =
= + ()
u ( 3 )2 (u 1 )(u + 3 )(u 3 ) u 1 (u + 3 ) (u 3 )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 A B C
= +
(u 1 )(u + 3 )(u 3 ) (u 1 2) (u + 3 ) (u 3 )
2 2 2 2 2
1 = A(u + )(u ) B (u )(u ) + C (u )(u + 3 )
3 3 1 3 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
u = 1 1 = A(2)(1) A = 1
2 2
u = 3 1 = B (2)(3) B = 1
2 6
u = 3 2 1 = C (1)(3) C = 1 3
1 du 1 du 1 du
() = + +
2 (u ) 6 (u + ) 3 (u 3 )
1 3
2 2 2
1 1 1
= (u 1 ) + (u + 3 ) + (u 3 ) + c
2 2 6 2 3 2
(u + 3 )(u 3 ) 2
2 + c = 1 (e + 2)(e 1) + c = 1 (e + 2)(e 1) + c
x x 2 x x 2
1
= 2
6 (u 1 )3 6 (e x )3 6 e3 x
2
s e n xdx
7.50.-
cos x(1 + cos 2 x)
Solucin.-
s e n xdx s e n xdx du Adu ( Bu + C )du
cos x(1 + cos2 x) = cos x(1 + cos2 x) = u(1 + u 2 ) = u (1 + u 2 ) ()
Sea: u = cos x, du = s e n xdx
1 A ( Bu + C )
= + 1 = A(1 + u 2 ) + ( Bu + C )u
u (1 + u ) u (1 + u 2 )
2
1 = A + Au 2 + Bu 2 + Cu 1 = ( A + B )u 2 + Cu + A
Igualando Coeficientes se tiene:
A + B = 0 B = A B = (1) B = 1
C = 0,
A =1
du udu
() = + = u + 1 + u 2 + c = cos x + 1 + (cos x) 2 + c
u 1+ u 2
184
1 + (cos x) 2
= +c
cos x
(2 + g 2 ) sec2 d
7.51.-
1 + g 3
Solucin.-
(2 + g 2 ) sec2 d (2 + u 2 )du (2 + u 2 )du
1 + g 3
= (1 + u 3 ) (1 + u)(u 2 u + 1) ()
=
Sea: u = g , du = sec2 d
(2 + u 2 )du Adu Bu + C
(1 + u 3 ) = (1 + u) + (u 2 u + 1) , luego:
(2 + u 2 ) A Bu + C
= + 2 (2 + u 2 ) = A(u 2 u + 1) + ( Bu + C )(1 + u )
(1 + u ) (1 + u ) (u u + 1)
3
(2 + u 2 ) = Au 2 Au + A + Bu 2 + Bu + C + Cu
(2 + u 2 ) = ( A + B)u 2 + ( A + B + C )u + A + C
Igualando Coeficientes se tiene:
A+ B =1
A + B + C = 0 A = 1, B = 0, C = 1
A + C = 2
du du du du
() = + 2 = +
1+ u u u +1 1+ u (u 1 ) 2 + ( 3 ) 2
2 2
u 1
= 1+ u +
1
arc g 2 + c = 1 + u + 2 arc g 2u 1 + c
3 3 3 3
2 2
2 (2 g 1)
= 1 + g + arc g +c
3 3
(5 x 3 + 2)dx
7.52.- 3
x 5x2 + 4 x
Solucin.-
185
x = 0 2 = 4A A = 1
2
x = 1 7 = 3B B = 7
3
x = 4 322 = 12C C = 161 6
1 dx 7 dx 161 dx 1 7 161
() = + = x x 1 + x4 +c
2 x 3 x 1 6 x 4 2 3 6
3 14 161 1 x3 ( x 4)161
= x x 1 + x4 +c = +c
6 3 6 6 ( x 1)14
x5 dx
7.53.-
( x3 + 1)( x3 + 8)
Solucin.-
x 5 dx x5 dx
( x3 + 1)( x3 + 8) ( x + 1)( x 2 x + 1)( x + 2)( x2 2 x + 4)
=
A= 1 ,B = 8
, C = 2 , D = 1 , E = 16 , F = 16
21 21 21 21 21 21
1 dx 8 dx 1 (2 x 1)dx 16 ( x 1)dx
() =
21 x + 1 21 ( x + 2) 21 ( x 2 x + 1) 21 ( x 2 2 x + 4)
+ +
1 8 1 8 (2 x 2)dx
= x +1 + x+2 x2 x + 1 + 2
21 21 21 21 x 2 x + 4
186
1 8 1 8
= x +1 + x+2 x2 x + 1 x2 2x + 4 + c
21 21 21 21
8
1 ( x + 2)( x 2 2 x + 4)
= +c
21 ( x + 1)( x 2 x + 1)
187
CAPITULO 8
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
dx
8.1.-Encontrar:
2 cos x
1
Solucin.- La funcin racional con expresin trigonomtrica es: , y su
2 cos x
solucin se hace sencilla, usando sustituciones recomendadas, este es:
x 2dz 1 z2
z = g , x = 2 arc gz , dx = , cos x =
2 1+ z2 1+ z2
2dz 2dz
dx 1+ z2 = 1+ z2 2dz 2dz
2 cos x 1 z 2 2 + 2 z 1 + z 2 = 3z 2 + 1 = 3( z 2 + 1 )
=
2 3
1+ z2 1+ z2
2 dz 2 x
= = 3 arc g 3z + c , recordando que: z = g , se tiene:
3 z +( 1 ) 3
2 2 2
3
2 x
= 3 arc g 3 g + c
3 2
dx 2 x
Respuesta: = arc g 3 g + c
2 cos x 3 2
dx
8.2.-Encontrar:
2sen x
1
Solucin.- Forma racional: ,
2sen x
x 2dz 2z
sustituciones: z = g , x = 2 arc gz , dx = ,sen x =
2 1+ z 2
1+ z2
2dz 2dz
dx 1+ z 2 1+ z2 2 dz dz
2 s e n x 2 z 2 + 2 z 2 2 z = 2 (1 + z 2 z ) = ( z 2 z + 1)
= =
2
1+ z2 1+ z2
188
Ahora bien: z 2 z + 1 = ( z 2 z + 1 ) + 1 1 = ( z 1 ) 2 + 3 = ( z 1 ) 2 + ( 3 ) 2
4 4 2 4 2 2
2z 1
dx 1 z 1
= arc g 2 + c = 2 arc g 2 + c
( z 1 )2 + ( 3 )2 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2
2 2z 1 x
= arc g + c ,recordando que: z = g , se tiene:
3 3 2
2 3 2 g x 1
= arc g 2 +c
3 3
dx 2 3 2 g x 1
Respuesta: = arc g 2 +c
2sen x 3 3
d
8.3.-Encontrar:
4 5cos
1
Solucin.- Forma racional: ,
4 5cos
2dz 1 z2
sustituciones: z = g , x = 2 arc gz , dx = , cos x =
2 1+ z2 1+ z2
2dz 2dz
dx 1+ z 2 1+ z2 2dz 2dz
= = = 2 =
4 5cos 1 z 2
4 + 4z 5 + 5z
2 2
9z 1 9( z 1 )
2
4 5 2
9
1+ z 1+ z 2
z 1
2
= 2
dz
=
2 1
3 + c = 1 3z 1 + c
9 z ( 1 )2 9 2 ( 1 ) z+ 1 3 3z + 1
3 3 3
1 3 g 1
Recordando que: z = g , se tiene: = 2 +c
2 3 3 g +1
2
d 1 3 g 1
Respuesta: = 2 +c
4 5cos 3 3 g + 1
2
d
8.4.-Encontrar:
3cos + 4s e n
Solucin.- usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
2dz 2dz
d 1+ z2 1+ z2
3cos + 4s e n 1 z 2 2 z 3 3z 2 + 8z
= =
3 2
+ 4 2
1+ z 1+ z 1+ z2
189
2dz 2 dz
= = , pero:
3( z 2 8 z 1) 3 z2 8 z 1
3 3
z 2 8 z 1 = ( z 2 8 z + 16 ) 1 16 = ( z 4 ) 2 ( 5 ) 2 , luego:
3 3 9 9 3 3
2 dz
= , sea: w = z 4 , dw = dz ; de donde:
3 ( z 4 )2 ( 5 )2 3
3 3
z4 5
=
2 1
3 3 + c = 1 3z 9 + c , como: z = g , se tiene:
3 2( 5 ) z4 +5 5 3z + 1 2
3 3 3
1 3 g 9
= 2 +c
5 3 g +1
2
d 1 3 g 9
Respuesta: = 2 +c
3cos + 4s e n 5 3 g + 1
2
d
8.5.-Encontrar:
3 + 2 cos + 2s e n
Solucin.- usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
2dz 2dz
d
3 + 2 cos + 2s e n = 1 z12+z 2 z = 2 12+z 2z 4 z
2 2
3+ 2 2
+ 2 2
3+ +
1 + z 1 + z 1 + z 2
1+ z2
2dz
1+ z2 2dz 2dz
= = 2 = = 2 arc g ( z + 2) + c
3 + 3z + 2 2 z + 4 z
2 2
z + 4z + 5 ( z + 2) 2 + 1
1+ z2
Como: z = g , se tiene: = 2 arc g ( g + 2) + c
2 2
d
Respuesta: = 2 arc g ( g + 2) + c
3 + 2 cos + 2s e n 2
dx
8.6.-Encontrar:
g s e n
Solucin.- Antes de hacer las sustituciones recomendadas, se buscar la
equivalencia correspondiente a g
2z
s e n 1+ z2 2z
g = = = , procdase ahora como antes:
cos 1 z 2
1 z2
1+ z2
190
2dz 2dz
dx 1+ z 2 1+ z2 2(1 z 2 )dz
g s e n 2 z 2 z 2 z (1 + z 2 ) 2 z (1 z 2 ) 2 z + 2 z 3 2 z + 2z 3
= = =
+
1 z2 1+ z2 (1 z 2 ) (1 + z 2 )
(2 2 z 2 )dz 1 3 1 dz 1 1
= 3
= z dz = 2 z + c
4z 2 2 z 4z 2
Como: z = g , se tiene: = (co g 2 ) g + c
1 1
2 4 2 2 2
= (co g 2 ) g + c
dx 1 1
Respuesta:
g s e n 4 2 2 2
dx
8.7.-Encontrar:
2+sen x
Solucin.- usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
2dz 2dz
dx 1+ z 2 1+ z2 dz dz
2+sen x =
2z
= 2 + 2z + 2z
2
= 2
z + z +1
= 2
(z + z + 1 ) + 3
2+ 4 4
1+ z 2
1+ z 2
(z + 1 )
=
2dz
=
1
arc g 2 + c = 2 arc g 2 z + 1 + c
( z + 1 )2 + ( 3 )2 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2
2 2 g x + 1
Como: z = g x , se tiene: = arc g 2 +c
2 3 3
dx 2 2 g x + 1
Respuesta: = arc g 2 +c
2+sen x 3 3
cos xdx
8.8.-Encontrar:
1 + cos x
Solucin.-usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
1 z 2 2dz 1 z 2 2dz
2
1+ z2 1+ z2 1+ z 1+ z 2 (1 z 2 )dz (1 z 2 )dz
2
cos xdx
1 + cos x =
1 z2
= 1 + z 2 + 1 z 2 (1 + z 2 ) 2 (1 + z 2 )
= =
1+
1+ z2 1+ z2
( z 2 + 1)dz 2 dz
= = 1 + 2 dz = dz + 2 2 = z + 2 arc gz + c
( z + 1)
2
z +1 z +1
x x
Como: z = g x , se tiene: = g + 2 arc g ( g ) + c
2 2 2
cos xdx x
Respuesta: = g + x + c
1 + cos x 2
191
dx
8.9.-Encontrar:
1 + s e n x + cos x
Solucin.- usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
2dz
dx 1+ z2 2dz
1 + s e n x + cos x 2 z 1 z 2 = 1 + z 2 + 2 z + 1 z 2
=
1+ +
2 2
1+ z 1+ z
2dz dz
= = = z + 1 + c , como: z = g x , se tiene: = g x + 1 + c
2z + 2 z +1 2 2
dx
Respuesta: = g x +1 + c
1 + s e n x + cos x 2
dx
8.10.-Encontrar:
cos x + 2s e n x + 3
Solucin.- usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
2dz
dx 1+ z2 2dz 2dz
cos x + 2s e n x + 3 1 z 2 4 z = 1 z 2 + 4 z + 3 + 3z 2 = 2 z 2 + 2 z + 2
=
2
+ 2
+3
1+ z 1+ z
= arc g ( z + 1) + c , como: z = g ,
dz dz
= 2 =
z + 2z + 2 ( z + 1) + 1
2 2
Se tiene: = arc g ( g x + 1) + c
2
dx
Respuesta: = arc g ( g x + 1) + c
cos x + 2s e n x + 3 2
s e n xdx
8.11.-Encontrar:
1+ s e n2 x
Solucin.- usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
2 z 2dz 4 zdz
2 2
1 + z 1 + z (1 + z ) =
2 2
s e n xdx 4 zdz 4 zdz
1+ s e n2 x =
2z
2 4z 2 (1 + z ) + 4 z
2 2 2
=
1+ 2z + z4 + 4z2
2
1+ 2
1 +
1+ z (1 + z 2 ) 2
4 zdz 4 zdz 4 zdz
= 4 = 4 = 2
z + 6z +12
( z + 6 z + 9) 8
2
( z + 3) 2 ( 8) 2
Sea: w = z 2 + 3, dw = 2 zdz
dw 2 w 8 8 w 8 8 z2 + 3 8
= 2 = + c = + c = +c
w2 ( 8) 2 2 8 w+ 8 8 w+ 8 8 z2 + 3 + 8
z2 + 3 8 g2 x 2 + 3 2 2
Como: z = g , se tiene: =
2
2 +c =
2
2 +c
2 4 z +3+ 8 4 g x2 +3+ 2 2
192
s e n xdx 2 g2 x 2 + 3 2 2
Respuesta: = 2 +c
1+ s e n2 x 4 g x2 +3+ 2 2
d
8.12.-Encontrar:
5 + 4 cos
Solucin.-usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
2dz
dx 1+ z2 2dz 2dz dz
5 + 4 cos = 1 z
2
=
5 + 5z + 4 4 z
2 2
= 2
z +9
= 2 2 2
z +3
5 + 4 2
1+ z
2 z 2 g 2
= arc g + c , como: z = g , se tiene: = arc g +c
3 3 2 3 3
d 2 g 2
Respuesta: = arc g +c
5 + 4 cos 3 3
dx
8.14.-Encontrar:
s e n x + cos x
Solucin.- usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
2dz
dx 1+ z2 2dz dz
s e n x + cos x 2 z 1 z 2 = 2 z + 1 z 2 = 2 ( z 2 + 2 z + 1)
=
+
2 2
1+ z 1+ z
dz dz 1 z 1 2
= 2 = 2 =2 +c
( z 2 z + 1) 2
2
( z 1) ( 2)
2 2
2 2 z 1+ 2
2 z 1 2 2 g x 2 1 2
= + c , como: z = g x
2
, se tiene: = +c
2 z 1 + 2 2 g x 2 1+ 2
dx 2 g x 2 1 2
Respuesta: = +c
s e n x + cos x 2 g x 2 1 + 2
sec xdx
8.14.-Encontrar:
sec x + 2 gx 1
Solucin.- usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
1 2dz
dx
sec x + 2 gx 1 = 1 cos2sx e n x = 1 + 2s e n x cos x = 4 z1 +z 1 z 2
sec xdx dx 2
+ 1 1+
2 2
cos x cos x 1+ z 1+ z
193
2dz
1+ z2 2dz 2 dz dz
= = 2 = = ()
1 + z + 4 z 1 + z
2 2
2z + 4z 2 ( z + 2 z)
2
z ( z + 2)
1+ z2
1 A B
Ahora bien: = + , de donde:
z ( z + 2) z z + 2
1 A( z + 2) + B ( z )
= 1 = A( z + 2) + B ( z ) , de donde: A = 1 , B = 1
z ( z + 2) z ( z + 2) 2 2
1 dz 1 dz
dz 1 dz 1 dz 1 1
() = 2 2 = = z z+2 +c
z ( z + 2) z z+2 2 z 2 z+2 2 2
1 z 1 g x2
= + c , como: z = g x , se tiene: = +c
2 z+2 2 2 g x2 + 2
sec xdx 1 g x2
Respuesta: = +c
sec x + 2 gx 1 2 g x2 + 2
dx
8.15.-Encontrar:
1 cos x + s e n x
Solucin.- usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
2dz 2dz
dx 1+ z2 1+ z2 2dz
1 cos x + s e n x 1 z 2 2 z 1 + z 2 1 + z 2 + 2 z = 2 z 2 + 2 z
= =
1 +
2 2
1+ z 1+ z 1+ z2
2 dz dz
= = ()
2 ( z + z)
2
z ( z + 1)
1 A B
Ahora bien: = + , de donde se tiene:
z ( z + 1) z z + 1
1 A( z + 1) + B ( z )
= 1 = A( z + 1) + B ( z ) , de donde: A = 1, B = 1 , luego:
z ( z + 1) z ( z + 1)
dz dz dz z
z ( z + 1) =
z
z +1
= z z +1 + c =
z +1
+ c , como: z = g x ,
2
g x2
Se tiene: = +c
g x 2 +1
dx g x2
Respuesta: = +c
1 cos x + s e n x g x 2 +1
dx
8.16.-Encontrar:
8 4s e n x + 7 cos x
194
Solucin.- usando las sustituciones recomendadas:
2dz 2dz
dx 1+ z2 1+ z2
8 4s e n x + 7 cos x 8 z 1 z 2 8 + 8 z 2 8 z + 7 7 z 2
= =
8 2
+ 7 2
1+ z 1+ z 1+ z2
2dz 2dz
= 2 = ()
z 8 z + 15 ( z 3)( z 5)
2 A B
Ahora bien: = + , de donde se tiene:
( z 3)( z 5) ( z 3) ( z 5)
2 = A( z 5) + B( z 3) , de donde: A = 1, B = 1 , luego:
2dz dz dz z 5
( z 3)( z 5) = z 3 + z 5 = z 3 + z 5 + c = z 3 + c ,
g x2 5
como: z = g x , se tiene: = +c
2 g x2 3
dx g x2 5
Respuesta: = +c
8 4s e n x + 7 cos x g x2 3
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
dx dx s e n xdx
8.17.- 8.18.- 8.19.-
1 + cos x 1 cos x 1 + cos x
cos xdx d s e n d
8.20.- 8.21.- 8.22.-
2 cos x 5 4 cos cos cos 2
2
RESPUESTAS
dx
8.17.-
1 + cos x
Solucin.-
2dz 2dz
dx 1+ z 2 1+ z2
1 + cos x 1 z 2 1 + z 2 + 1 z 2 = dz = z + c = g x 2 + c
= =
1+ 2
1+ z 1+ z2
dx
8.18.-
1 cos x
Solucin.-
195
2dz 2dz
dx 1+ z 2 1+ z2 2 dz 1
1 cos x 1 z 2 1 + z 2 1 z 2 = 2 z 2 = z + c = co g x 2 + c
= =
1 2
1+ z 1+ z2
s e n xdx
8.19.-
1 + cos x
Solucin.-
2 z 2dz 4 zdz
2 2 (1 + z 2 ) 2
s e n xdx 1 + z 1 + z = 4 zdz 2 zdz
1 + cos x =
1 z 2 1+ z +1 z
2 2
=
2(1 + z )
2
=
(1 + z 2 )
1+ 2
1+ z 1+ z2
= 1+ z2 + c = 1+ g 2 x + c
2
cos xdx
8.20.-
2 cos x
Solucin.-
2dz
2
cos xdx 2 dx 1+ z
2 cos x 2 cos x
= 1 + dx = dx + 2 2 cos x
= dx + 2 1 z2
2 2
1+ z
2dz
(1 + z 2 ) 2dz 4 dz
= dx + 2 = dx + 2 = dx + 2
2 + 2z 1 + z
2 2
3z + 1
2
3 (z + 1 )
3
1+ z2
4 dz 1 z 4 3
= dx + = x + 4 arc g + c = x + arc g 3 z + c
3 z +( 1
2
) 2 3 1 1 3
3 3 3
4 3
= x + arc g ( 3 g x ) + c
3 2
d
8.21.-
5 4 cos
Solucin.-
2dz 2dz
d 2 (1 + z 2 )
1+ z = 2dz 2 dz
5 4 cos 1 z 2 5 + 5 z 2 4 + 4 z 2 = 9 z 2 + 1 = 9 ( z 2 + 1)
=
5 4 2
1+ z 1+ z2
2 dz 2 1 z 2 2
= 2 = arc g + c = arc g 3z + c = arc g (3 g x ) + c
9 z +(1 ) 2
9 1 1 3 3 2
3 3 3
196
s e n d
8.22.-
cos cos 2
2
Solucin.-
2 z 2dz 4 zdz
s e n d 2 2 (1 + z 2 ) 2
1 + z 1 + z
cos2 cos 2 1 z 2 2 1 z 2
= = (1 z 2 )2 (1 z 2 )(1 + z 2 ) 2(1 + z 2 )2
2
2
2
1+ z 1+ z (1 + z 2 ) 2
4 zdz 1 2 zdz 1 1
= = 2 = z2 1 + c = g 2 x 1 + c
6 z 2
2
3 (z 1 ) 3 3 3 2 3
3
8.23.- sec xdx
Solucin.-
2dz
dx 1+ z2 2dz 2dz
sec xdx = cos x
=
1 z 2
=
(1 z )
2
=
(1 + z )(1 z )
()
1+ z2
2 A B
Ahora bien: = + , de donde: A = 1, B = 1 , luego:
(1 + z )(1 z ) 1 + z 1 z
2dz dz dz 1+ z
() = = 1+ z 1 z + c = +c
(1 + z )(1 z ) 1+ z 1 z 1 z
1+ g x
Como: z = g x , Se tiene: = 2 +c
2 1 g x
2
cos d
8.24.-
5 + 4 cos
Solucin.-
1 z 2 2dz 2(1 z 2 )dz
2 2
d 1+ z 1+ z = (1 + z 2 ) 2 (2 2 z 2 )dz
5 + 4 cos =
1 z2 (5 + 5 z 2 + 4 4 z 2 ) (1 + z 2 )(9 + z 2 )
=
5 + 4 2
1+ z (1 + z 2 )
2 2z2 Az + B Cz + D
Ahora bien: = 2 + 2 , de donde: A = 0, B = 1 , C = 0, D = 5 ,
( z + 1)( z + 9)
2 2
z +1 z +9 2 2
luego:
(2 2 z 2 ) 1 dz 5 dz 1 5 z
( z 2 + 1)( z 2 + 9) = 2 z 2 + 1 2 z 2 + 9 = 2 arc gz + 2 arc g 3 + c
g 2 5 g 2
= arc g arc g (
1 5
) + c = arc g ( )+c
2 2 6 3 4 6 3
d
8.25.-
cos + co g
197
Solucin.-
2dz 2dz
d (1 + z 2 )
1+ z2
cos + co g = 1 z 2 1 z 2 = 2 z (1 z 2 ) + (1 z 2 )(1 + z 2 )
+
2
1 + z 2z (1 + z 2 )2 z
4 zdz 4 zdz 4 zdz
= = = ()
2 z (1 z ) + (1 z )(1 + z )
2 2 2
(1 z )( z + 2 z + 1)
2 2
(1 + z 3 )(1 z )
4z A B C D
Ahora bien: = + + +
(1 + z )(1 z ) 1 + z (1 + z ) (1 + z ) (1 z )
3 2 3
De donde: A = 1 , B = 1, C = 2, D = 1 , luego:
2 2
4z 1 dz dz dz 1 dz
() = + 2 +
(1 + z )(1 z ) 2 1 + z
3
(1 + z ) 2
(1 + z ) 2 1 z
3
1 1 1 1 1 1+ z 1 1
= 1+ z + 1 z + c = + +c
2 1 + z (1 + z ) 22
2 1 z 1 + z (1 + z ) 2
1 1 + z (1 + z ) + 1 1 1+ z z 1 1+ g g 2
= + +c = +c = 2 +c
2 1 z (1 + z ) 2 2 1 z (1 + z ) 2 2 1 g (1 + g ) 2
2 2
198
CAPITULO 9
EJERCICIOS DESARROLLADOS
xdx
9.1.-Encontrar:
1+ x
Solucin.- La nica expresin irracional es x , por lo tanto:
x = t x = t 2 , dx = 2tdt , luego:
xdx t (2tdt ) t 2 dt 1 dt
1+ x
=
1+ t 2
= 2 1+ t 2
= 2 1 2
1+ t
dt = 2 dt 2 2
t +1
= 2t 2 arc gt + c
199
1 3x + 2
9.4.-Encontrar: dx
1 + 3x + 2
Solucin.- La expresin irracional es ahora 3x + 2 , por lo tanto:
3x + 2 = t 3 x = t 2 2, dx = 2 tdt , luego:
3
1 3x + 2 1 t 2 2 t t2 2 2
1 + 3x + 2 1 + t 3
dx = tdt =
3 1+ t
dt = t + 2
3
dt
t +1
2 4 4 dt 1 4 4
= tdt + dt = t2 + t t +1 + c
3 3 3 t +1 3 3 3
Dado que: t = 3 x + 2 , se tiene:
1 4 4
= (3x + 2) + 3x + 2 3x + 2 + 1 + c
3 3 3
= x +
2 4
3 3
4
3x + 2 3x + 2 + 1 + c = x +
3
2 4
3 3
(
3x + 2 3x + 2 + 1 + c )
Respuesta:
1 3x + 2
1 + 3x + 2
2 4
dx = x +
3 3
(
3x + 2 3x + 2 + 1 + c )
9.5.- Encontrar: 1 + x dx
Solucin.- La expresin irracional es ahora x , por lo tanto:
x = t x = t , dx = 2tdt ,
2
luego: ( 1 + x )dx = 1 + t 2tdt , como apareci la
expresin: 1 + t ; se procede anlogamente: w = 1 + t t = w2 1, dt = 2wdw , esto
4 w5 4 w3
es: 1 + t 2tdt = w2( w2 1)2 wdw = 4 ( w4 w2 )dw = +c
5 3
4(1 + t ) 2 4(1 + t ) 2
5 3
Respuesta: 1 + x dx = +c
5 3
dx
9.6.-Encontrar:
x +1 + 4 x +1
Solucin.- Previamente se tiene que el m.c.m. de los ndices de Las races es: 4 ,
por lo cual: x + 1 = t 4 , dx = 4t 3 dt , de donde:
dx 4t 3 dt t dt
x + 1 + 4 x + 1 t 2 + t = 4 t 1 + t 2 + t dt = 4 tdt 4 dt + 4 t + 1
=
= 2t 2 4t + 4 t + 1 + c , dado que: t = 4 x + 1
Se tiene: = 2( x + 1) 2 4( x + 1) 2 + 4 ( x + 1) 2 + 1 + c
1 1 1
dx
Respuesta: = 2( x + 1) 2 4( x + 1) 2 + 4 ( x + 1) 2 + 1 + c
1 1 1
x +1 + x +1
4
200
dx
9.7.-Encontrar:
x+3 x
Solucin.- Previamente se tiene que el m.c.m. de los ndices de Las races es: 6 ,
por lo cual: x = t 6 t = 6 x , dx = 6t 5 dt , de donde:
dx 6t 5 dt t 3 dt 2 1 dt
x + 3 x t 3 + t 2 t + 1 = 6 t t + 1 t + 1 dt = 6 t dt 6 tdt + 6 dt 6 t + 1
= = 2
6
= 2t 3 3t 2 + 6t 6 t + 1 + c
Dado que: t = 6 x
Se tiene: = 2( 6 x )3 3( 6 x ) 2 + 6 6 x 6 6
x +1 + c
dx
Respuesta: = 2 x 33 x + 6 6 x 6 6 x +1 + c
x+ x 3
dx
9.8.-Encontrar:
x + 1 + ( x + 1)3
Solucin.- Previamente se tiene igual ndice por lo
cual: x + 1 = t x = t 1, dx = 2tdt , de donde:
2
dx 2tdt dt
x + 1 + ( x + 1)3 = t + t 3 = 2 1 + t 2 = 2 arc gt + c
Dado que: t = x + 1 , Se tiene: = 2 arc g x + 1 + c
dx
Respuesta: = 2 arc g x + 1 + c
x + 1 + ( x + 1)3
x 1
9.9.-Encontrar: dx
3
x +1
Solucin.- Previamente se tiene que el m.c.m. de los ndices de Las races es: 6 ,
por lo cual: x = t 6 t = 6 x , dx = 6t 5 dt , de donde:
x 1 t3 1 5 t8 t5 t 1
3
x +1
dx = 2
t +1
6t dt = 6 2
t +1
dt = 6 t 6 t 4 t 3 + t 2 + t 1 2 dt
t +1
6 6 3 2t 2
= t 7 t 5 t 4 + 2t 3 + 3t 2 6t + c1 3 2 dt
7 5 2 t +1
6 7 6 5 3 4 2t 2 dt
= t t t + 2t 3 + 3t 2 6t + c1 3 2 dt + 6 2
7 5 2 t +1 t +1
6 6 3
= t 7 t 5 t 4 + 2t 3 + 3t 2 6t 3 t 2 + 1 + 6 arc gt + c
7 5 2
Dado que: t = 6 x , se tiene:
6 6 3
= x 6 x 6 x5 3 x 2 + 2 x + 3 3 x 6 6 x 3 1 + 3 x + 6 arc g 6 x + c
7 5 2
201
Respuesta:
x 1 6 6 66 5 33 2
3 x + 1dx = 7 x x 5 x 2 x + 2 x + 3 x 6 x 3 1 + x + 6 arc g x + c
3 6 3 6
xdx
9.10.-Encontrar:
x+2
Solucin.- La expresin irracional es x , por lo tanto:
x = t x = t 2 , dx = 2tdt ,
xdx t (2tdt ) t 2 dt 2 dt
luego: = 2 = 2 2 = 2 1 2 dt = 2 dt 4 2
x+2 t +2 t +2 t +2 t +2
4 t
= 2t arc g + c , dado que: t = x , se tiene: = 2 x 2 2 arc g x + c
2 2 2
xdx
Respuesta: = 2 x 2 2 arc g x + c
x+2 2
( x + 1 + 2)dx
9.11.-Encontrar:
( x + 1) 2 x + 1
Solucin.- Previamente se tiene igual ndice por lo
cual: x + 1 = t x = t 1, dx = 2tdt , de donde:
2
( x + 1) 2 + 2 dx
1
( x + 1 + 2)dx t+2 (t + 2) t dt
( x + 1)2 x + 1 ( x + 1)2 ( x + 1) 12 = t 4 t 2tdt = 2 t (t 3 1)
=
(t + 2)dt
= 2 () , considerando que:
(t 1)(t 2 + t + 1)
t+2 A Bt + C
= + 2 A = 1, B = 1, C = 1
(t 1)(t + t + 1) (t 1) (t + t + 1)
2
dt (2t + 1)dt dt
= 2 2 2
(t 1) (t + t + 1) (t + t + 1 ) + 3
4 4
2 2 t + 1
= 2 t 1 t 2 + t +1 arc g +c
3 3
(t 1) 2 2 2t + 1
= arc g +c
(t + t + 1)
2
3 3
Dado que: t = x + 1 , se tiene
202
( x + 1 + 2)dx ( x + 1 1) 2 2 2 x +1 +1
Respuesta: = arc g +c
( x + 1) x + 1
2
( x + 1 + x + 2) 3 3
EJERCICIOS PROPUESTOS
1+ x 1 x dx
9.12.- dx 9.13.- dx 9.14.-
1+ x 1+ x a+b x
x+a xdx x6 x
9.15.- dx 9.16.- 9.17.- dx
x+a 1+ 4 x 3
x +1
9.18.-
dx 1+ x x+a
dx 9.19.- dx 9.20.- dx
x2 x 1 x x+b
3
x +1 a2 x2 9.23.- x 2 x + adx
9.21.- dx 9.22.- dx
x x3
9.24.-
dx 9.25.- x 3 x 2 + a 2 dx
x + x + 28 x
4
RESPUESTAS
1+ x
9.12.- dx
1+ x
Solucin.- Sea: x = t x = t 2 , dx = 2tdt
1+ x 1+ t2 t + t3 2 2
1+ x 1+ t
dx = 2 tdt = 2 1 + t dt = 2 t t + 2 t + 1 dt
dt 2t 3 2 t 2
= 2 t 2 dt 2 tdt + 4 dt 4 = + 4t 4 t + 1 + c
t +1 3 2
2 x3
= x + 4 x 4 x +1 + c
3
1 x
9.13.- dx
1+ x
Solucin.- Sea: x = t x = t 2 , dx = 2tdt
1 x 1 t t t2 dt
1+ x 1+ t
= = 1 + t dt = 2 tdt + 4 dt 4 t + 1 = t + 4t 4 t + 1 + c
2
dx 2tdt 2
= x + 4 x 4 x +1 + c
dx
9.14.-
a+b x
Solucin.- Sea: x = t x = t 2 , dx = 2tdt
203
dx 2tdt tdt 1 a 1 2 2a bdt
a+b x
=
a + bt
= 2
a + bt
= 2 dt = dt 2
b b a + bt b b a + bt
2 2a 2 2a
= t 2 a + bt + c = x 2 a+b x +c
b b b b
x+a
9.15.- dx
x+a
Solucin.- Sea: x + a = t x = t 2 a, dx = 2tdt
x+a t 2 t dt
x+a
dx =
t2
= 2 dt = 2t + c = 2 x + a + c
xdx
9.16.-
1+ 4 x
Solucin.- m.c.m: 4 ; Sea: 4 x = t x = t 4 , dx = 4t 3 dt
xdx t 2 4t 3 dt t 5 dt 4 3 2 1
1+ 4 x 1+ t
= = 4 1 + t = 4 t t + t t + 1 t + 1 dt
t5 t4 t3 t2 4t 5 4 4t 3
= 4 + + t t +1 + c = t + 2t 2 + 4t 4 t + 1
5 4 3 2 5 3
5 3
4x 4 4x 4
= x+ 2x 2 + 4x 4 4 x 4 + 1
1 1 1
5 3
x x6
9.17.- 3 dx
x +1
Solucin.- m.c.m: 6 ; Sea: 6 x = t x = t 6 , dx = 6t 5 dt
x6 x t3 t 5 (t 8 t 6 )dt dt
3 x +1 = t2 +1 = t 2 + 1 = 6 t dt 2 t dt + 2 t dt 2 dt + 2 1 + t 2
6 4 2
dx 6t dt 6
t 7 2t 5 2t 3 6t 7 12t 5
= 6 + 2t + 2 arc gt + c = + 4t 3 12t + 12 arc gt + c
7 5 3 7 5
7 5
6 x 6 12 x 2
= + 4 x 2 12 x 6 + 12 arc gx 6 + c
1 1 1
7 5
dx
9.18.- dx
x2 x
Solucin.- Sea: x = t x = t 2 , dx = 2tdt
dx 2tdt (2t 1) + 1 2t 1 dt
x 2 x dx = t 2 2 t = t 2 t 2 dt = t 2 t 2dt + t 2 t 2
2t 1 dt 1 t3
= 2 dt + = t t 2 +
2
2 +c
t t 2 (t 1 ) 2 9 2 3 t+3
2 4 2 2
204
1 2t 3 1 2 x 3
= t2 t 2 + +c = x x 2 + +c
3 2t + 3 3 2 x +3
1+ x
9.19.- dx
1 x
Solucin.- Notar el lector, que este caso se diferencia de los anteriores, sin
embargo la tcnica que se seguir, tiene la misma fundamentacin y la
informacin que se consiga es valiosa. ()
1+ x 1+ x 2
Sea: =t = t 1 + x = t 2 t 2 x x(1 + t 2 ) = t 2 1
1 x 1 x
t 2 1 4tdt
x= 2 dx = 2 , luego:
t +1 (t + 1) 2
1+ x t 4tdt 4t 2 dt t 2 dt
() 1 x (t 2 + 1)2 (t 2 + 1)2 ( t 2 + 1)4 () , haciendo uso
dx = = = 4 de
t2 + 1
t
Se tiene: t = g , dt = sec d ; t + 1 = sec
2 2
1
t 2 dt 4 g 2 sec 2 d g 2
() 4 = = 4 sec2 d
( t 2 + 1) 4 sec 4
= 4 s e n 2 d = 2 d 2 cos 2 d = 2 s e n 2 + c = 2 2s e n cos + c
1+ x
2
1+ x
1 x + c
t 1 2t
= 2 arc gt 2 + c = 2 arc gt 2 + c = 2 arc g
t +1 t +1
2 2 t + 1 1 x 1+ x
+1
1 x
1+ x 1+ x
= 2 arc g (1 x) +c
1 x 1 x
x+a
9.20.- dx
x+b
Solucin.- Sea: x + a = t x = t 2 a, dx = 2tdt
x+a t 2tdt t 2 dt ba
x+b dx = t 2 a + b t 2 + (b a) = 2 1 t 2 + (b a) dt
= 2
dt 1 t
= 2 dt 2(b a ) 2 = 2t 2(b a) arc g +c
t + (b a ) ba ba
205
x+a
= 2 x + a 2 b a arc g +c
ba
x +1
3
9.21.- dx
x
Solucin.- Sea: 3 x + 1 = t x = t 3 1, dx = 3t 2 dt
x +1
3
t 3t 2 dt t 3 dt 1 dt
x dx = t 3 1 t 3 1 = 3 1 + t 3 1 dt = 3 dt + 3 t 3 1
= 3
dt
= 3 dt + 3 () , por fracciones parciales:
(t 1)(t 2 + t + 1)
3 A Bt + C
= + 2 3 = A(t 2 + t + 1) + ( Bt + C )(t 1) , de donde:
(t 1)(t + t + 1) (t 1) (t + t + 1)
2
A = 1, B = 1, C = 2 , luego:
dt t+2 2t + 1
() = 3 dt + 2 dt = 3t + t 1 1 t 2 + t + 1 3 arc g +c
t 1 t + t +1 2 3
a2 x2
9.22.- dx
x3
Solucin.- Sea: a 2 x 2 = t x 2 = a 2 t 2 , xdx = tdt
a2 x2 a 2 x 2 xdx ttdt t 2 dt t 2 dt
x3 dx = x4
= (a 2 t 2 )2 (a 2 t 2 )2 (a + t )2 (a t )2 ()
= =
A = 1 a, B = 1 , C = 1 a, D = 1 , luego:
4 4 4 4
t dt
2
1 dt 1 dt 1 dt 1 dt
() =
(a + t ) (a t )
2 2
4a (t + a ) 4a (t + a ) 4a (t a) 4a (t a ) 2
2
1 1 1 1
= (t + a) + (t a) + +c
4a 4(t + a ) 4a 4(t a)
1 (t + a ) 1 1
= + + +c
4a (t a) 4(t + a) 4(t a)
1 a2 x2 + a a2 x2 1 a2 x2 + a a2 x2
= + +c = +c
4a a2 x2 a 2( a 2 x 2 a 2 ) 4a a2 x2 a 2 x2
1 ( a 2 x 2 + a)2 a2 x2 1 1 a2 x2
= + c = a2 x2 + a x +c
a 2 x 2 a 2
2
4a 2x 2a 2a 2 x2
9.23.- x 2 x + adx
Solucin.- Sea: x + a = t x = t 2 a, dx = 2tdt
206
x x + adx = (t 2 a) 2 t 2tdt = 2 t 2 (t 2 a )2 dt = 2 (t 6 2at 4 + a 2t 2 )dt
2
2t 7 4at 5 2a 2t 3
= 2 t 6 dt 4a t 4 dt + 2a 2 t 2 dt =
+ +c
7 5 3
2( x + a ) 2 4a ( x + a) 2 2a 2 ( x + a) 2
7 5 3
= + +c
7 5 3
dx
9.24.-
x + x + 28 x
4
Solucin.- Sea: 8 x = t x = t 8 , dx = 8t 7 dt
dx 8t 7 dt t 6 dt 3 t 2 + 4t + 4
x + 4 x + 2 8 x t + t + 2t
= 4 2
= 8 t 3 + t + 2
= 8 t t 2 +
t3 + t + 2
dt
t 2 + 4t + 4 t 4 8t 2 t 2 + 4t + 4
= 8 t 3 8 tdt 16 dt + 8 dt = 8 16t + 8 t 3 + t + 2 dt
t3 + t + 2 4 2
t 2 + 4t + 4
= 2t 4 4t 2 16t + 8 3 dt () , por fracciones parciales:
t +t +2
t 2 + 4t + 4 t 2 + 4t + 4 A Bt + C
= = + 2 A = 1 , B = 3 , C = 14 , luego:
(t + t + 2) (t + 1)(t t + 2) (t + 1) (t t + 2)
3 2 4 4 4
1 dt 3 t + 14
() = 2t 4t 16t + 8
4 2 4 + 42 4 dt
t +1 t t + 2
1 dt 1 3t + 14 dt 3t + 14
= 2t 4 4t 2 16t + 8 + 2 dt = 2t 4 4t 2 16t + 2 + 2 2 dt
4 t +1 4 t t + 2 t +1 t t + 2
3 2t + 3 3 + 3
28 31 31
= 2t 4 4t 2 16t + 2 t + 1 + 2 dt
2 t2 t + 2
(2t 1) dt
= 2t 4 4t 2 16t + 2 t + 1 + 3 2 dt + 31 2
t t + 2 t t + 2
dt
= 2t 4 4t 2 16t + 2 t + 1 + 3 t 2 t + 2 + 31
(t 1 ) 2 + 7
2 4
2 t 1
= 2t 4 4t 2 16t + 2 t + 1 + 3 t 2 t + 2 + 31 arc g 2 +c
7 7
2
62 2t 1
= 2t 4 4t 2 16t + 2 t + 1 + 3 t 2 t + 2 + arc g +c
7 7
2x 8 1
1
62
= 2 x 4 x 16 x + 2 x + 1 + 3 x x + 2 + arc g +c
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 4 8 8 4 8
7 7
9.25.- x3 x 2 + a 2 dx
Solucin.- Sea: x 2 + a 2 = t x 2 = t 2 a 2 , xdx = tdt
207
x x 2 + a 2 dx = x 2 x 2 + a 2 xdx = (t 2 a 2 )ttdt = (t 2 a 2 )t 2 dt = (t 4 a 2t 2 )dt
3
( x2 + a2 ) 2 a2 ( x2 + a2 ) 2 3 x + a a2
5 3
t 5 a 2t 3 2 2
= +c = + c = ( x2 + a2 ) 2 +c
5 3 5 3 5 3
3 3 x 2a
2 2
= ( x2 + a2 ) 2 +c
15
EJERCICIOS COMPLEMENTARIOS
A continuacin, se adjunta un listado de ejercicios que se proponen al lector.
Observar que no se indica tcnica alguna solicitada para el desarrollo de los
mismos, y que adems no se han respetado normas relativas a niveles de
dificultad, ni a las tcnicas mismas. Como siempre, se adjuntaran las soluciones
cuyos desarrollos pueden diferir de los aqu presentados. No importa, eso es
posible; adems una consulta con su profesor aclarar cualquier discrepancia.
Encontrar:
1.- t 3es e n t cos t 4 dt
4
d e d
2.- 3.-
(1 + ) 2 (1 + ) 2
4.- e g 3 sec 2 3 d 5.-
xdx x2 1
6.-
3
ax + b x +1
7.-
dx 8.- e 2 x dx e x dx
9.- x
(2 x) 1 x ae b
(t + 1)dt 12.- g d
10.- 2 11.- sec d
t + 2t 5 2
2 14.- sec 2 d 15.-
dx
13.- sen d
a b 5x
16.- sec (1 x)dx
2
17.-
xdx
18.-
dy
16 x 4
1+ 1+ y
20.- cos ec d 21.- t (1 t 2 ) 2 dt
1
dx
19.-
x+4 x+3
22.- t (1 t 2 ) 2 arcs e n tdt
1
1 + cos 2 x x2 + 1
23.- dx 24.- dx
s e n2 2x x3 x
e x dx dx (3 x + 4)dx
25.- 26.- 27.-
9e 2x ( x 1)3 2x + x2
ds dx xdx
28.- 29.- 30.-
4 s2 x2 x2 + e 1+ x
208
y 2 dy y 3 dy d
31.- 32.- 33.-
y +1 y2 1 1 + 2 cos
t 4 t 3 + 4t 2 2t + 1 d 36.- x(10 + 8 x 2 )9 dx
34.- dt 35.-
t3 +1 e
dx x3 dx x3 dx
37.- 38.- 39.-
(16 + x 2 )3 x2 + 4 16 x 2
40.- a ( x 2 + 1) 2 dy
1
dx dx
41.- 42.-
( 6 x 2 )3 x(3 + x)
ex x3 dx
43.- dx 45.-
16 + e 2 x 44.- cos 1 xdx x 1
2 y 5 7 y 4 + 7 y 3 19 y 2 + 7 y 6 47.- s e n x + 1dx 9x2 + 7 x 6
46.- dy 48.- dx
( y 1) 2 ( y 2 + 1) 2 x3 x
5w3 5w2 + 2w 1 50.-
3dx (1 x) 2 dx
49.- dw 51.-
w4 + w2 1 + 2x x
xe 2 x 53.- e 2t cos(et )dt 54.- x ( x 2 4)3 dx
2 3
52.- dx
2
10
s e n xesec x ds 1 1 z2
55.-
cos 2 x
dx 56.- s 13 (1 + s 2 3 ) 57.- 3 2 dz
z z
x (1 + x 2 ) co gxdx ax 2 bx + c
58.- dx 59.- 60.- dx
1 + x2 sen x ax 2 + bx c
61.-
dx
62.-
dx 63.- g16 xdx
cos 2 5 x 12 7 x
64.- g 4 sec 2 4 d xdx 7t 2
65.- 66.- dt
x5 7 2t 2
67.- (1 + x) cos xdx 68.-
dx
69.-
dx
x( 1 + x 1) co g 6 x
70.- co g (2 x 4)dx 71.- (et e 2t ) 2 dt ( x + 1)dx
72.-
( x + 2) 2 ( x + 3)
73.- (co ge x )e x dx s e n + arc gxdx
74.- d 75.-
cos + 1 (1 + x 2 ) 2
3
5
)dx 78.-
x4
79.- x 2 s e n 5 x3 cos x 3 dx 80.-
xdx x3 dx
81.- 2
5x2 + 7 x x6
82.- s e n 2 es e n d
2
dx dw
83.- x 84.-
e 9e x 1 + cos w
209
1 s e n 2 x 2
2
x3 dx s e n d
86.- 87.-
85.- e cos 2
3
(cos x s e n x )dx
3 1
2 2 19 x 2
88.- (sec + g ) d
2
89.-
dt 90.- a b 2 c3 d
t (4 + 2t ) 2
1
x + 7 x2 5x + 5
3 1+ x + x 2 ( x 1)dx
115.- dx 116.- e dx 117.-
x2 + 2x 3 x2 4 x + 3
xdx 4dx co gxdx
118.- 119.- 120.-
x2 + 4 x + 5 x + 4x
3
sen x
121.- exp x 1dx 1 + x3 x 1 1
122.- dx 123.- dx
x x +1 x
s e n xdx dx xdx
124.- 125.- 126.-
1 + s e n x + cos x 3 + 2 cos x x2 2 x + 5
(1 + s e n x)dx dx
127.- 128.- 4
s e n x(2 + cos x) x +4
RESPUESTAS
1.- t 3es e n t cos t 4 dt
4
210
d
2.-
(1 + ) 2
Solucin.-
d Ad Bd
(1 + )2 = 1 + + (1 + )2 ()
A B
= + = A(1 + ) + B = A + ( A + B ) , de donde:
(1 + ) 1 + (1 + ) 2
2
d d d 1
A = 1, B = 1 , entonces: () = = 1+ + +c
(1 + ) 2
1+ (1 + ) 2
1+
e d
3.-
(1 + ) 2
Solucin.-
d
dv =
u=e (1 + ) 2
Sea:
du = e d v = 1+ +
1
1+
e d e 1
(1 + )2 ( 1+ +
= e 1 + + ) e d
1+ 1+
e e d
= e 1 + + e 1 + d () , resolviendo por partes la segunda
1+ 1+
d
u = e dv =
integral se tiene: 1+
du = e d v = 1+
e d
Luego: = e 1 + e 1 + d , esto es:
1+
e
() = e 1 + + e 1 + d e 1 + + e 1 + d
1+
e
=
1+
4.- e g 3 sec 2 3 d
Solucin.- Sea: u = g 3 , du = 3sec 2 3 d
1 u 1 u e g 3
e sec 3 d = 3
g 3 2
e du = e + c = +c
3 3
xdx
5.- 3
ax + b
t3 b 3t 2
Solucin.- Sea: ax + b = t 3 x = , dx = dt
a a
211
t 3 b 3t 2
dt
xdx a a 3t (t 3 b) 3 3 t 5 bt 2
= = =
a2
= +c
4
dt (t bt ) dt
3
ax + b t a2 a2 5 2
3(ax + b) 3 3b(ax + b) 3
5 2
3t 5 3bt 2
= 2
2 +c = +c
5a 2a 5a 2 2a 2
3(ax + b) 3 (ax + b) 2 3b 3 (ax + b) 2
= +c
5a 2 2a 2
x2 1
6.- dx
x +1
Solucin.-
x2 1 ( x + 1) ( x 1) ( x 1) 2
3
2( x 1) 2
3
dx = = ( x 1) 2 dx = +c = +c
1
x +1 x +1 3 3
2
2( x 1) x 1
= +c
3
dx
7.-
(2 x) 1 x
Solucin.- Sea: 1 x = t 2 x = 1 t 2 , dx = 2tdt
dx 2tdt dt
(2 x) 1 x = 2 (1 t 2 ) t = 2 1 + t 2 = 2 arc gt + c = 2 arc g 1 x + c
8.- e 2 x dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = 2 x, du = dx
e dx = eu du = eu + c = e 2 x + c
2 x
e x dx
9.-
ae x b
Solucin.- Sea: u = ae x b, du = ae x dx
e x dx 1 du 1 1
ae x b = a u = a u + c = a ae b + c
x
(t + 1)dt
10.- 2
t + 2t 5
Solucin.- Sea: u = t 2 + 2t 5, du = 2(t + 1)dt
(t + 1)dt 1 du 1 1
t 2 + 2t 5 = 2 u = 2 u + c = 2 t + 2t 5 + c
2
11.- sec d
2
1
Solucin.- Sea: u = sec + g , du = (sec g + sec 2 )d
2 2 2 2 2 2
212
sec (sec + g ) sec2 + sec g
sec 2
d = 2
sec
2
+ g
2 d =
2
sec + g
2
2 d
2 2 2 2
= 2 u + c = 2 sec + g + c
du
= 2
u 2 2
12.- g d
Solucin.- Sea: u = cos , du = s e n d
s e n du 1
g d = cos d = u = u + c = cos + c = s ec + c
0
= 1 + s ec + c = s ec + c
2
13.- sen d
a b
Solucin.-
2
u= dv = s e n d
a b
Sea:
2 d
du = v = b cos
a b
2
a 2 2b
a s e n b d = b cos b + a cos b d () , resolviendo por partes la segunda
u = dv = cos d
b
integral se tiene:
du = d
v = bsen
b
a 2b
() = 2 cos + b s e n b s e n d
b b a b b
a 2b 2 2b3
= 2 cos + sen + cos + c
b b a b a b
14.- sec d
2
Solucin.-
u = dv = sec 2 d
Sea:
du = d v = g
sec d = g g d = g sec + c
2
dx
15.- x
5
Solucin.- Sea: u = x, du = dx
dx 5u 5 x 1
5x = 5 dx = 5 du = 5 + c = 5 + c = 5x 5 + c
x u
213
16.- sec 2 (1 x)dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = 1 x, du = dx
sec (1 x)dx = sec udu = gu + c = g (1 x) + c
2 2
xdx
17.-
16 x 4
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 , du = 2 xdx
xdx xdx 1 2 xdx 1 du 1 u
16 x4 = 42 ( x 2 )2 = 2 42 ( x2 )2 = 2 42 u 2 = 2 arcs e n 4 + c
1 x2
= arcs e n + c
2 4
dy
18.-
1+ 1+ y
1
Solucin.- Sea: t = 1 + (1 + y ) 2 t 2 = 1 + (1 + y ) 2 t 2 1 = (1 + y )
2 1 1 1
2
(t 2 1) 2 = 1 + y y = (t 2 1) 2 1, dy = 4t (t 2 1)dt
dy 4 t (t 2 1)dt t3 t2
1+ 1+ y
=
t
= 4 (t 2 1)dt = 4( t ) + c = 4t ( 1) + c
3 3
1+ 1+ y 4
= 4 1 1+ y ( 1) + c = 1 1 + y ( 1 + y 2) + c
3 3
dx
19.-
x+4 x+3
Solucin.-
( x + 4) 2 + ( x + 3) 2
1 1
dx
x + 4 x + 3 = ( x + 4) ( x + 3) dx = ( x + 4) 2 + ( x + 3) 2 dx
1 1
( x + 4) 2 ( x + 3) 2 2 ( x + 4)3 2 ( x + 3)3
3 3
+ + + = + + = + +c
1 1
( x 4) 2
( x 3) 2
c
3 3 3 3
2 2
=
2
3
( ( x + 4)3 + ( x + 3)3 + c )
20.- cos ec d
Solucin.- Sea: u = cos ec + co g , du = (cos ec co g + cos ec 2 )d
cos ec (cos ec + co g )d cos ec 2 + cos ec co g d
cos ec d = cos ec + co g
=
cos ec + co g
du
= = u + c = (cos ec + co g ) + c
u
21.- t (1 t 2 ) 2 dt
1
214
3
1 12 1 u2 1 3 1
= = + c = u 2 + c = (1 t 2 ) 2 + c
2 1 3
t (1 t ) dt 2
u du
2 2 3 3 3
2
22.- t (1 t 2 ) 2 arcs e n tdt
1
Solucin.-
u = arcs e n t dv = t (1 t 2 ) 2 dt
1
Sea: dt
du = 1
v = (1 t 2 ) 2
3
1 t 2
3
1 1 dt
t (1 t ) 2 arcs e n tdt = 3 (1 t ) 2 arcs e n t + 3 (1 t ) 1 t
2 1 2 3 2 2
1 t2
(1 t 2 ) 2 (1 t 2 ) 2
3 3
1 1 t3
= arcs e n t + (1 t 2 )dt = arcs e n t + (t ) + c
3 3 3 3 3
1 t
3
= (1 t 2 ) 2 arcs e n t t + + c
3
3 3
1 + cos 2 x
23.- dx
s e n2 2x
Solucin.-
1 + cos 2 x 1 + cos 2 x dx dx 1 dx
s e n 2 2 x dx = 1 cos2 x dx = 1 cos 2 x = 1 cos 2 x = 2 s e n 2 x
2
2
1 1
= cos ec 2 xdx = co gx + c
2 2
x +1
2
24.- 3 dx
x x
Solucin.-
x2 + 1 ( x 2 + 1)dx ( x 2 + 1)dx Adx Bdx Cdx
x3 x x( x2 1) x( x + 1)( x 1) = x + ( x + 1) + ( x 1) ()
dx = =
( x 2 + 1) A B C
= + + ( x 2 + 1) = A( x 2 1) + Bx( x 1) + Cx( x + 1)
x( x + 1)( x 1) x ( x + 1) ( x 1)
x = 0 1 = A A = 1
De donde: x = 1 2 = B(1)(2) B = 1
x = 1 2 = C (1)(2) C = 1
Entonces:
( x 2 + 1)dx dx dx dx
() = + + = x + x +1 + x 1 + c
x( x + 1)( x 1) x ( x + 1) ( x 1)
x2 1
= +c
x
215
e x dx
25.-
9 e2 x
Solucin.- Sea: u = e x , du = e x dx
e x dx e x dx du u ex
9 e2 x
=
32 (e x ) 2
=
32 u 2
= arcs e n + c = arcs e n + c
3 3
dx
26.-
( x 1)3
Solucin.-
dx ( x 1) 2 1
( x 1)3
3
= ( x 1) dx = +c = +c
2 ( x 1) 2
(3x + 4)dx
27.-
2x + x2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 2 x + x 2 , du = 2(1 + x)dx
(3 x + 4)dx (3x + 3) + 1 ( x + 1)dx dx 3 du dx
2 x + x2 = 2 x + x2 dx = 3 2 x + x 2 + 2 x + x 2 = 2 u 12 + 2 x + x2
1
3 du dx 3 u2 dx dx
= 1 + = + = 3 2 x + x2 +
2 u2 ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) 1 2 1 ( x + 1) 2 1 ( x + 1) 2 1
2
Sustituyendo por: x + 1 = sec , dx = sec g d , ( x + 1) 2 1 = g
sec g
= 3 2 x + x2 + d = 3 2 x + x 2 + sec d = 3 2 x + x 2 + sec + g + c
g
= 3 2x + x2 + x + 1 + 2 x + x2 + c
ds
28.-
4 s2
Solucin.- Sea: s = 2s e n , ds = 2 cos d , 4 s 2 = 2 cos
ds 2 cos d
4 s2
=
2 cos
= d = = arcs e n s + c
2
dx
29.-
x 2
x2 + e
Solucin.- Sea: x = e g , dx = e sec 2 d , x 2 + e = e sec
1
d
dx e sec d 1 sec d 1 cos
2
1 cos
x2 x 2 + e = e g 2 e sec = e g 2 = e s e n 2 = e s e n 2 ()
cos 2
Sea: u = s e n , du = cos d , luego:
216
1 du 1 2 1 u 1 1 1 1
() =
e u 2
=
e u du =
e 1
+c = +c =
eu e s e n
+c =
x
+c
e
x2 + e
x2 + e
= +c
ex
xdx
30.-
1+ x
Solucin.- Sea: x + 1 = t 2 x = t 2 1, dx = 2tdt
xdx (t 2 1)2 t dt t3 t2
1+ x = = = + = 1) + c
2
2 (t 1) dt 2( t ) c 2t (
t 3 3
x +1 x2
= 2 x + 1( 1) + c = 2 x + 1( )+c
3 3
y 2 dy
31.-
y +1
Solucin.- Sea: y + 1 = t 2 y = t 2 1, dy = 2tdt
y 2 dy (t 2 1) 2 2 t dt t 5 2t 3
y +1 = = = + = +t+c
2 2 4 2
2 (t 1) dt 2 (t 2t 1)dt 2
t 5 3
t 4
2t 2
( y + 1) 2( y + 1)
4 2
= 2t + 1 + c = 2 y + 1 + 1 + c
5 3 5 3
( y + 1) 2 y + 2
2
y + 2 y +1 2 y + 2
2
= 2 y +1 + 1 + c = 2 y + 1 + 1 + c
5 3 5 3
3 y2 4 y + 8
= 2 y +1 +c
15
3
y dy
32.-
y2 1
Solucin.- Sea: u = y 2 1 y 2 = u + 1, dy = 2 ydy
3
1 (u + 1)du 1
1
y 3 dy y 2 ydy 1 u2 u2
y 2 1 = y 2 1 = 2 u 12 = 2 (u + u )du = 2 3 + 1 + c
1 1
2 2
2 2
y2 1 y2 + 2
3
u2
= + u 2 + c = u 2 ( 1 u + 1) + c = y 2 1 + 1 + c = y 2 1 +c
1 1
3
3 3 3
d
33.-
1 + 2 cos
2dz 1 z2
Solucin.- Sea: d = , cos = , = 2 arc gz
1+ z2 1+ z2
217
2dz
d 1+ z2 2dz 2dz 2dz
1 + 2 cos = 2(1 z )
2
=
1 + z + 2(1 z )
2 2
=
1 + z + 2 2z
2 2
=
3 z2
1+
1+ z2
2dz dz dz 1 z 3
= = 2 2 = 2 2 =2 +c
3 z 2
z 3 z ( 3) 2
2 3 z+ 3
1 g 2 3
= +c
3 g 2 + 3
t 4 t 3 + 4t 2 2t + 1
34.- dt
t3 +1
Solucin.-
t 4 t 3 + 4t 2 2t + 1 3t 2 t + 1 3t 2 t + 1
t3 +1
dt = t 1 +
t3 + t
dt = t 3 + t dt
tdt dt +
t2 3t 2 t + 1
= t + 3 dt ()
2 t +t
3t 2 t + 1 A Bt + C
= + 2 3t 2 t + 1 = A(t 2 + 1) + ( Bt + C )t
t (t 2 + 1) t (t + 1)
t = 0 1= A A =1
t =1 3 = 2A + B + C B + C = 1
De donde: B = 2, C = 1
t = 1 5 = 2 A (C B) B C = 3
t 2
Adt Bt + C t2 dt 2t 1
() = t + + 2 dt = t + + 2 dt
2 t t +1 2 t t +1
t2 2tdt dt t2
= t + t + 2 2 = t + t + t 2 + 1 arc gt + c
2 t +1 t +1 2
2
t
= t + t (t 2 + 1) arc gt + c
2
d
35.-
e
Solucin.-
d
e = d = + c
36.- x(10 + 8 x 2 )9 dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = 10 + 8 x 2 , du = 16 xdx
1 1 1 u10 u10
x(10 + 8x ) dx = 16
+ =
16
= + = +c
2 9 2 9 9
16 x (10 8 x ) dx u ddu c
16 10 160
(10 + 8 x 2 )10
= +c
160
218
dx
37.-
(16 + x 2 )3
Solucin.- Sea: x = 4 g , dx = 4sec 2 d
dx 4sec 2 d 1 d 1 1 x
(16 + x 2 )3
=
4 sec
3 3
= = cos d = s e n + c =
16 sec 16 16 16 16 + x 2
+c
x3 dx
38.-
x2 + 4
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 + 4 x 2 = u 4, du = 2 xdx
x3 dx x 2 xdx 1 (u 4)du 1 1 1
= = (u 2 4u 2 )du = u 2 du 2 u 2 du
1 1
=
1
1
x2 + 4 x2 + 4 2 u2 2 2
x2 + 4
3 1 3
1 u 2 2u 2 u2 u
= +c = 4u 2 + c = u 2 ( 4) + c = x 2 + 4( 4) + c
1 1
2 3 1 3 3 3
2 2
x2 8
= x 2 + 4( )+c
3
x3 dx
39.-
16 x 2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 16 x 2 x 2 = 16 u, du = 2 xdx
x3 dx x 2 xdx 1 (16 u )du 1
= = (16u 2 u 2 )du
1
=
1
1
16 x 2 16 x 2 2 u2 2
1 3 3
1 16u 2 1 u 2 u2 uu u
= + = 16u + + c = 16u 2 + + c = u (16 + ) + c
1 1
2
2 1 2 3 3 3 3
2 2
16 x 2 32 + x 2
= 16 x 2 (16 + ) + c = 16 x 2 ( )+c
3 3
40.- a ( x 2 + 1) 2 dy
1
Solucin.-
a( x + 1) 2 dy = a( x + 1) 2 dy = a( x + 1) 2 y + c
2 1 2 1 2 1
dx
41.-
( 6 x 2 )3
Solucin.- Sea: x = 6 s e n , dx = 6 cos d , 6 x 2 = 6 cos
dx 6 cos d 1 d 1 1 1 x
( 6 x ) 2 3
= 3 3
= 2
= sec 2 d = g + c =
( 6) cos 6 cos 6 6 6 6 x2
+c
dx
42.-
x(3 + x)
219
dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = 3 + x, du =
x
dx du
x(3 + x)
=
u
= u + c = 3+ x + c
ex
43.- dx
16 + e 2 x
Solucin.- Sea: u = e x , du = e x dx
ex du 1 u 1 ex
16 + e2 x 42 + u 2 4
dx = = arc g
4
+ c =
4
arc g
4
+c
2 y 5 7 y 4 + 7 y 3 19 y 2 + 7 y 6 A B Cy + D Ey + F
= + + 2 +
( y 1) ( y + 1)
2 2 2
y 1 ( y 1) ( y + 1) ( y 2 + 1) 2
2
2 y 5 7 y 4 + 7 y 3 19 y 2 + 7 y 6 = A( y 1)( y 2 + 1) 2 + B( y 2 + 1) 2
+ (Cy + D)( y 1) 2 ( y 2 + 1) + ( Ey + F )( y 1) 2 , luego:
2 y 5 7 y 4 + 7 y 3 19 y 2 + 7 y 6 = ( A + C ) y 5 + ( A + B 2C + D) y 4
+ (2 A + 2C 2 D + E ) y 3 + (2 A + 2 B 2C + 2 D 2 E + F ) y 2
220
+ ( A + C 2 D + E 2 F ) y + ( A + B + D + F ) , Igualando coeficientes se tiene:
A +C = 2
A + B 2C + D = 7
2A +2C 2 D + E = 7 A = 1, B = 4, C = 1
2 A +2 B 2C +2 D 2 E + F = 19 D = 0, E = 3, F = 1
A + C 2 D + E 2 F = 7
A + B +D +F = 6
2 y 5 7 y 4 + 7 y 3 19 y 2 + 7 y 6 dy dy ydy (3 y 1)dy
() dy = 4 + 2 + 2
( y 1) ( y + 1)
2 2 2
y 1 ( y 1) 2
( y + 1) ( y + 1) 2
4 1 ydy dy
= y 1 + + y 2 + 1 + 3 2 2
y 1 2 ( y + 1) ( y + 1) 2
4 3 1 y 1
= y 1 + + y2 + 1 y2 + 1 + arc gy + c
y 1 2 2 y +1 2
2
4 3 y 1
= ( y 1) y 2 + 1 + y2 +1 arc gy + c
y 1 2 2( y + 1) 2
2
( y 1) 4 y 1
= + arc gy + c
y2 +1 y 1 2( y + 1) 2
2
47.- s e n x + 1dx
Solucin.- Sea: x + 1 = t 2 x = t 2 1, dx = 2tdt
sen x + 1dx = 2 (s e n t )tdt () , trabajando por partes
u =t dv = s e n tdt
Sea:
du = dt v = cos t
( )
()2 (s e n t )tdt = 2 t cos t + cos tdt = 2t cos t + 2s e n t + c
= 2 x + 1 cos x + 1 + 2s e n x + 1 + c
9 x2 + 7 x 6
48.- dx
x3 x
Solucin.-
9x2 + 7 x 6 9x2 + 7 x 6 Adx Bdx Cdx
x3 x dx = x( x + 1)( x 1)dx = x + x + 1 + x 1()
9x2 + 7 x 6 A B C
= + + 9 x 2 + 7 x 6 = A( x + 1)( x 1) + Bx( x 1) + Cx( x + 1)
x x
3
x x +1 x 1
x = 0 6 = A A = 6
De donde: x = 1 10 = 2C C = 5
x = 1 4 = 2 B B = 2
dx dx dx
() = 6 2 + 5 = 6 x 2 x + 1 + 5 x 1 + c
x x +1 x 1
221
x 6 ( x 1)5
= x 6 ( x + 1) 2 + ( x 1)5 + c = +c
( x + 1) 2
5w3 5w2 + 2w 1
49.- dw
w4 + w2
Solucin.-
5w3 5w2 + 2w 1 5w3 5w2 + 2w 1
w4 + w2
dw = w2 (w2 + 1) dw()
5w3 5w2 + 2w 1 Aw + B Cw + D
= + 2
w2 ( w2 + 1) w2 w +1
5w 5w + 2 w 1 = ( Aw + B)( w2 + 1) + (Cw + D) w2
3 2
(1 x) 2 dx
51.-
x
Solucin.-
(1 x) 2 dx 1 2 x + x 2 dx dx x2
x = x
= x
2 dx + xdx = x 2 x +
2
+c
xe 2 x
2
52.- dx
2
Solucin.- Sea: u = 2 x 2 , du = 4 xdx
xe2 x
2
1 1 u 1 u 1 2 x2
2 dx = 2 xe dx = 8 e du = 8 e + c = 8 e + c
2 x 2
222
Solucin.- Sea: w = et , dw = et dt
e cos(e )e dt = w cos wdw() , trabajando por partes
t t t
3
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 2 4, du =
3
xdx
2
( x 2 4) 4
3
2 3 2 u4 1 4
x ( x 4) dx = 3 u du = 3 4 + c = 6 u + c = 6 + c
3 3
2
s e n xesec x s e n x 1 sec x
55.- 2
dx = e dx = gx sec xesec x dx()
cos x cos x cos
Solucin.- Sea: u = sec x, du = sec x gxdx
() = eu du = eu + c = esec x + c
ds
56.- s 1
3
(1 + s 3 )
2
Solucin.- Sea: t = s 3 s = t 3 , ds = 3t 2 dt
1
ds 3t 2 dt 3tdt tdt 3
s 13 (1 + s 2 3 ) t (1 + t 2 ) = (1 + t 2 ) = 3 (1 + t 2 ) = 2 1 + t + c
= 2
10
1 1 z2
57.- dz
z3 z 2
1 z2 2dz
Solucin.- Sea: u = 2
, du = 3
z z
10 11
1 1 z2 1 10 1 u11 u11 1 1 z2
z 3 z 2 dz =
2
u du =
2 11
+ c =
22
+ c =
22 z 2
+c
x (1 + x 2 )
58.- dx
1 + x2
2 xdx
Solucin.- Sea: u = (1 + x 2 ), du =
1 + x2
2
x (1 + x 2 ) 1 1 u2 u2 (1 + x 2 )
1 + x2 dx = 2 udu = 2 2 + c = 4 + c = 4
+c
co gxdx
59.-
sen x
Solucin.- Sea: u = s e n x , du = co gxdx
co gxdx du
sen x
=
u
= u + c = sen x + c
223
ax 2 bx + c
60.- dx
ax 2 + bx c
Solucin.-
ax 2 bx + c ax 2 bx + c ax 2 bx + c
ax 2 + bx c dx =
ax 2 + bx c
dt =
ax 2 + bx c
t+c
dx
61.-
cos 2 5 x
Solucin.- Sea: u = 5 x, du = 5dx
dx 1 1 1
cos2 5x = sec 5xdx = 5 sec udu = 5 gu + c = 5 g 5x + c
2 2
dx
62.-
12 7 x
Solucin.- Sea: u = 12 7 x, du = 7dx
dx 1 du 1 1
12 7 x = 7 u = 7 u + c = 7 12 7 x + c
63.- g16 xdx
Solucin.- Sea: u = cos(16 x), du = 16s e n(16 x)dx
s e n(16 x) 1 du 1 1
g16 xdx = cos(16 x) dx = 16 u = 16 u + c = 16 cos(16 x) + c
64.- g 4 sec 2 4 d
Solucin.- Sea: u = g 4 , du = 4sec2 4 d
1 1 u2 u2 g 2 4
g 4 sec 4 d = 4
= + = + = +c
2
udu c c
4 2 8 8
xdx
65.-
x5
Solucin.- Sea: u = x 5 x = u + 5, du = dx
u+5
3 1 3
xdx u2 u2 2u 2
x 5 = u 12 du = u 2 du + 5 u 2 du = 3 + 5 1 + c = 3 + 10u 2 + c
1 1 1
2 2
2 2 x + 10
= u u + 10 u + c = ( x 5) x 5 + 10 x 5 + c = 2 x 5 +c
3 3 3
7t 2
66.- dt
7 2t 2
Solucin.-
7t 2 7tdt 2dt 7 4tdt dt
7 2t 2 dt = 7 2t 2 7 2t 2 = 4 7 2t 2 2 7 2
t
2
7
= 7 2t 2 2 arcs e n 2 t + c
2 7
67.- (1 + x) cos xdx
224
Solucin.- Sea: x = t x = t 2 , dx = 2tdt
(1 + x) cos xdx = (1 + t 2 )(cos t )2tdt = 2 (t + t 3 )(cos t )dt = 2 t cos tdt + 2 t 3 cos tdt ()
Trabajando por partes: t 3 cos tdt
u = t3 dv = cos tdt
Sea:
du = 3t 2 dt v = sent
t cos tdt = t s e n t 3 t s e n tdt
3 3 2
dx 2tdt
x( 1 + x 1) = (t 2 1)(t 1) ()
t A B C
= + + t = A(t 1) 2 + B(t 2 1) + C (t + 1)
(t + 1)(t 1) t + 1 t 1 (t 1)
2 2
t = 1 1 = 2C C = 1
2
De donde: t = 1 1 = 4 A A = 1
4
t = 0 0 = A B + C B = 1 4
Adt Bdt Cdt 1 dt 1 dt 1 dt
() = 2 + + 2
= 2 + + 2
t +1 t 1 (t 1) 4 t + 1 4 t 1 2 (t 1)
225
1 dt 1 dt dt 1 1 1
= +
2 t + 1 2 t 1
+
(t 1) 2
= t +1 + t 1
2 2 t 1
+c
1 t 1 1 1 1+ x 1 1
= +c = +c
2 t + 1 t 1 2 1+ x +1 1 + x 1
dx
69.-
co g 6 x
Solucin.- Sea: u = cos 6 x, du = 6s e n 6 xdx
dx s e n 6x 1 du 1 1
co g 6 x = g 6 xdx = cos 6 x dx = 6 u = 6 u + c = 6 cos 6 x + c
70.- co g (2 x 4)dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = s e n(2 x 4), du = 2 cos(2 x 4)dx
cos(2 x 4) 1 du 1 1
co g (2 x 4)dx = s e n(2 x 4) dx = 2 u = 2 u + c = 2 (2 x 4) + c
71.- (et e 2t ) 2 dt
Solucin.-
(e e ) dt = (e 2e + e )dt = e dt 2 e dt + e dt
t 2 t 2 2t t 2t 4 t 2t t 4 t
1 1
= e 2t + 2e t e 4t + c
2 2
( x + 1)dx
72.-
( x + 2) 2 ( x + 3)
Solucin.-
( x + 1)dx ( x + 1) A B C
( x + 2)2 ( x + 3) ( x + 2)2 ( x + 3) = x + 2 + ( x + 2)2 + x + 3 ()
x + 1 = A( x + 2)( x + 3) + B( x + 3) + C ( x + 2) 2
x = 2 1 = B B = 1
De donde: x = 3 2 = C C = 2
x = 0 1 = 6 A + 3B + 4C A = 2
Adx Bdx Cdx dx dx dx
() x + 2 + ( x + 2) + x + 3 = 2 x + 2 ( x + 2)
2 2
2
x+3
x+2
3
1 1
=2 x+2 + 2 x+3 +c = + +c
x+2 x+3 x+2
73.- (co ge x )e x dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = s e n e x , du = (cos e x )e x dx
(cos e x )e x dx du
(co ge )e dx = s e n e x = u = u + c = s e n e + c
x x x
s e n +
74.- d
cos + 1
226
Solucin.-
s e n + s e n d d s e n d (cos 1)d
cos + 1 d = cos + 1 + cos + 1 = cos + 1 + cos2 + 1
cos d d
= cos + 1 +
sen 2
s e n2
= cos + 1 co g cos ec d + cos ec 2 d ()
Trabajando por partes: co g cos ec d
u = dv = co g cos ec d
Sea:
du = d v = cos ec
co g cos ec d = cos ec + cos ec d = cos ec cos ec co g + c1
Trabajando por partes: cos ec 2 d
u = dv = cos ec 2 d
Sea:
du = d v = t co g
cos ec d = co g + co g d = co g + s e n + c2
2
u = dv = cos d
Sea:
du = d v = s e n
x 1
= s e n s e n d = s e n + cos + c = (arc gx) + +c
1+ x 2
1 + x2
1
= ( x arc gx + 1) + c
1 + x2
76.- x co g ( x )dx
2
5
x2 2 x2
Solucin.- Sea: u = s e n , du = x cos dx
5 5 5
227
x2
x cos 2
5 dx = 5 du = 5 u + c = 5 s e n x + c
x co g ( x 2 )dx =
5 x2 2 u 2 2 5
sen
5
77.- x 4 x 2 2dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = 4 x 2 2, dx = 8 xdx
(4 x 2 2)3
3 3
1 12 1u 2 u2
=
8
= + = + = +c
2
x 4 x 2 dx u du c c
83 12 12
2
( x + 9) dx
2 1
2
78.-
x4
Solucin.- Sea: x = 3 g , dx = 3sec 2 , x 2 + 9 = 3sec
1
d
( x 2 + 9) 2 dx 3sec 3sec 2 d 1 sec3 d 1 cos3 1 cos d
1
x4 =
3 g
4 4
=
9 g 4
=
9 sen 4
=
9 s e n4
cos 4
1 1 1 1 cos ec3
= + c = + c = +c
9 3 s e n3 27 s e n 3 27
3
1 x2 + 9 x2 + 9 2
= +c = x +9 +c
27 x 27 x3
79.- x 2 s e n 5 x3 cos x 3 dx
Solucin.- Sea: u = s e n x3 , du = 3x 2 cos x 3 dx
1 5 1 u6 u6 s e n 6 x3
x s e n x cos x dx = 3
= + = + = +c
2 5 3 3
u du c c
3 6 18 18
xdx
80.-
5x2 + 7
Solucin.- Sea: u = 5 x 2 + 7, du = 10 xdx
(5 x 2 + 7) 2 5x2 + 7
1 1 1
xdx 1 du 1 u 2 u2
5 x2 + 7 10 u 12 10 1
= = + c =
5
+ c =
5
+ c =
5
+c
2
3
x dx
81.- 2
x x6
Solucin.-
x3dx 7x + 6 (7 x + 6)dx
x2 x 6 = x + 1 + x 2 x 6 dx = xdx + dx + ( x 3)( x + 2)
x2 (7 x + 6)dx
= + x+ ()
2 ( x 3)( x + 2)
228
(7 x + 6) A B
= + 7 x + 6 = A( x + 2) + B( x 3)
( x 3)( x + 2) x 3 x + 2
x = 2 8 = 5B B = 8
5
De donde:
x = 3 27 = 5 A A = 27 5
x2 Adx Bdx x 2 27 dx 8 dx
() = + x + + = + x+
5 x 3 5 x + 2
+
2 x3 x+2 2
x2 27 8
= + x+ x3 + x+ 2 +c
2 5 5
82.- s e n 2 e s e n2
d
Solucin.- Sea: u = s e n 2 , du = 2s e n cos d
s e n 2 e d = 2s e n cos e d = e du = e + c = e + c
sen 2
sen u u sen
2 2
dx
83.-
e 9e xx
Solucin.- Sea: u = e x , du = e x dx
dx e x dx e x dx du 1 u 3 1 ex 3
e x 9e x e 2 x 9 ( e x ) 2 9 u 2 9 6 u + 3
= = = = + c =
6
ex + 3
+c
dw
84.-
1 + cos w
Solucin.-
dw (1 cos w)dw (1 cos w)dw cos wdw
1 + cos w = 1 cos2 w = s e n 2 w = cos ec wdw s e n 2 w
2
(s e n w) 1 1
= co gw + c = co gw + + c = co gw + cos ecw + c
1 sen w
Nota: Este ejercicio esta desarrollado diferente en el capitulo 8.
2
1s e n 2 x 2
85.- e
3
(cos3 x s e n x )dx
2 2
2
1 s e n2 x 2 2 3 x x
Solucin.- Sea: u = , du = cos s e n dx
3 9 2 2
2
2 1s e n 2 x
1s e n 2 x 2 2
9 2 2 3
e (cos3 x s e n x )dx = eu du = eu + c = e
+c
3
2 2 2 9 9
x3 dx
86.-
19 x 2
Solucin.- Sea: x = 19 s e n , dx = 19 cos d , 19 x 2 = 19 cos
x3 dx ( 19)3 s e n 3 19 cos d
19 x 2
=
19 cos
= 19 19 s e n (1 cos 2 )d
229
19 19
= 19 19 s e n d 19 19 s e n cos 2 d = 19 19 cos + cos3 + c
3
19 x 2 19 19 (19 x 2 )3
= 19 19 + + c = 19 19 x 2 + (19 x 2 )3 + c
19 3 ( 19) 3
s e n d
87.-
cos 2
1
Solucin.-
(sec + g ) d = (sec + 2sec g + g )d
2 2 2
dt
Solucin.- Sea: u = t , du = , adems: u = 2 g , du = 2sec 2 d , 4 + u 2 = 2sec
t
dt du 2 sec 2 d
t (4 + 2t )
1
2
=
4 + u2
=
2sec
= sec d = sec + g + c
4 + u2 u 4 + u2 + u 4 + 2t + t
= + +c = +c = +c
2 2 2 2
90.- a b 2 c3 d
Solucin.- Sea: ab 2 c3 = k ,
k (ab 2 c3 )
a b c d = a (b ) (c ) d = (ab c ) d = k d =
2 3 2 3 2 3
+c = +c
k (ab 2 c3 )
91.- s e n 2 cos3 d
1
Solucin.-
s e n 2 cos d = s e n 2 cos cos d = s e n 2 (1 s e n ) cos d
1 3 1 2 1 2
sen 2 sen 2
3 7
= s e n 2 cos d s e n 2 cos d = +c
1 5
3 7
2 2
2s e n 2 2s e n 2
3 7
= +c
3 7
230
sec2 d
92.-
9 + g 2
Solucin.- Sea: u = g , du = sec 2 d
sec2 d du 1 u 1 ( g )
9 + g 2 = 9 + u 2 = 3 arc g 3 + c = 3 arc g 3 + c
dx
93.-
e 16
2x
du
Solucin.-Sea: u = e x , du = e x dx dx =
u
Adems: u = 4sec , du = 4sec g d , u 2 16 = 4 g
du 4sec g d 1
dx du 1
e2 x 16 u 2 16 = u u 2 16 = 4sec 4 g = 4 d = 4 + c
= u
1 u 1 ex
= arc sec + c = arc sec + c
4 4 4 4
94.- (e 1)(e + 1)ds
2s 2s
Solucin.-
1
(e 1)(e 2 s + 1)ds = (e 2 s ) 2 1ds = e 4 s ds ds = e 4 s + s + c
2s
4
dx
95.- 2
5x + 8x + 5
Solucin.-
dx dx 1 dx
5 x 2 + 8 x + 5 = 5( x 2 + 8 x + 1) = 5 x2 + 8 x + 1() , completando cuadrados:
5 5
8 16 16
x2 + 8 x + 1 = ( x2 + x + ) + 1 = ( x + 4 )2 + 9 = ( x + 4 )2 + ( 3 )2
5 5 25 25 5 25 5 5
x+4
() =
1 dx
=
1 1
arc g 5 + c = 1 arc g 5 x + 4 + c
5 (x + 4 ) + ( 3 )
2 2
5 3 3 3 3
5 5 5 5
x3 + 1
96.- dx
x3 x
Solucin.-
x3 + 1 x +1 x +1 ( x + 1)dx
x3 xdx = 1 + x3 x dx = dx + x3 x dx =x + x( x 2 1)
( x + 1) dx dx Adx Bdx
= x+ = x+ = x+ + ()
x ( x + 1) ( x 1) x( x 1) x x 1
1 A B
= + 1 = A( x 1) + Bx
x( x 1) x x 1
231
x = 0 1 = A A = 1
De donde:
x = 1 1 = B B = 1
dx dx x 1
() = x + = x x + x 1 + c = x + +c
x x 1 x
97.- (arcs e n 1 x 2 )0 dx
Solucin.-
(arcs e n 1 x 2 )0 dx = dx = x + c
3dy
98.-
1+ y
Solucin.-Sea: y 2 = t y = t 2 , dy = 2tdt
1
Solucin.-Sea: u = 1 + x x = u 1, du = dx
11 6
u 5 u5
+ = = = = +c
1 1 6 1 6 1
x (1 x ) dx
5
(u 1)u du 5
(u u )5
du 5
u du 5
u du 5
11 6
5 5
5u 5u 15
2
5(1 + x) 5(1 + x )
2
= u + c = (1 + x) + c
1
5
11 6 11 6
d
100.- 2
a s e n 2 + b 2 cos 2
Solucin.-Sea: u = g , du = sec2 d
d s e n 4 d s e n 2 d du
a 2 s e n 2 + b2 cos2 =
1
=
(a g + b )
2 2 2
= 2 2
(a u + b 2 )
(a 2 g 2 + b 2 )
cos 2
1 du 1 1 u 1 au 1 a g
= 2 2 = 2 arc g +c = arc g +c = arc g +c
a u + (b ) 2
a b b ab b ab b
a a a
tdt
101.-
(2t + 1) 2
1
Solucin.-
dt
u =t dv =
Sea: 2t + 1
du = dt
v = 2t + 1
232
1 (2t + 1) 2 (2t + 1) 2
3 3
tdt
(2t + 1) 2
1 = t 2t + 1 2t + 1dt = t 2t + 1
2 3
+ c = t 2t + 1
3
+c
2
2t + 1 2t + 1
= 2t + 1 t +c = ( t 1) + c
3 3
s s ds
102.-
(1 s 2 ) 2
1
Solucin.-
u= s dv =
sds
(1 s 2 ) 2 , adems: s = s e n , ds = cos , 1 s 2 = cos
1
Sea: ds
du =
v = (1 s 2 ) 2
1
s
s s ds 1 s2 cos cos d
(1 s 2
)
1
2
= 1 s2 s +
s
ds = 1 s 2 s +
s e n
(1 s e n 2 )d
= 1 s2 s + = 1 s 2 s + cos ec d s e n d
s e n
= 1 s 2 s + cos ec co g + cos + c
1 1 s2
= 1 s2 s + + 1 s2 + c
s
103.- (2 cos s e n s e n )d
Solucin.-
(2 cos s e n s e n 2 )d = (s e n 2 s e n 2 ) d = 0d = c
0
104.- t tdt4 2
u = 2t dv = t 4 dt
Sea: dt t
5
du = 2 t v=
t 5
t5 2 2 4
t tdt = t t tdt () , trabajando por partes nuevamente:
4 2
5 5
u = t dv = t 4 dt
Sea: dt t
5
du = v=
t 5
t5 2 2 t5 1 t 5 2 2t 5 2 t5
() = t t t 4 dt = t t + +c
5 5 5 5 5 25 25 5
t 5 2 2t 5 2t 5
= t t + +c
5 25 125
11
105.- u 2 (1 + v) dx
233
Solucin.-
u (1 + v) dx = u (1 + v) dx = u (1 + v) x + c
2 11 2 11 2 11
( + s e n 3 )d
106.-
3 2 2 cos 3
Solucin.-Sea: u = 3 2 2 cos 3 , du = 6( + s e n 3 )d
( + s e n 3 )d 1 du 1 1
3 2 2 cos 3 = 6 u = 6 u + c = 6 3 2 cos 3 + c
2
( y 2 + 1)dy
1
107.- 1
y 2 ( y + 1)
Solucin.-Sea: y 2 = t y = t 2 , dy = 2tdt
1
= y + 1 + 2 arc g y + c
ds
108.-
s ( s 4) 2
1 3 2
Solucin.-
u (1 + u ) du = u (1 + 2u +u )du = u 2 du + 2 u 2 du + u 2 du
2 2 2 4 1 5 9
3 7 11 3 7 11
u2 u2 u 2 2u 2 4u 2 2u 2 2u u 4u 3 u 2u 5 u
= +2 + +c = + + +c = + + +c
3 7 11 3 7 11 3 7 11
2 2 2
2u 4u 2u 5
3
= u + + +c
3 7 11
( x3 + x 2 )dx
110.-
x2 + x 2
Solucin.-
( x3 + x 2 )dx 2x 2 xdx x2 2 xdx
x2 + x 2 x 2 + x 2
= x + dx = xdx + ( x + 2)( x 1) 2 + ( x + 2)( x 1)
=
234
x2 2 xdx x2 Adx Bdx
= + = + + ()
2 ( x + 2)( x 1) 2 x+2 x 1
2x A B
= + 2 x = A( x 1) + B( x + 2)
( x + 2)( x 1) x + 2 x 1
x = 1 2 = 3B B = 2
3
De donde:
x = 2 4 = 3 A A = 4 3
x 2 4 dx 2 dx x2 4 2
() = + + = + x + 2 + x 1 + c
2 3 x + 2 3 x 1 2 3 3
2
x 2
= + ( x + 2) 2 ( x 1) + c
2 3
111- adb
Solucin.-
adb = a db = ab + c
dx
112.-
x2 2 x 8
Solucin.-
Completando cuadrados se tiene: x 2 2 x 8 = ( x 2 2 x + 1) 9 = ( x 1) 2 32
Sea: x 1 = 3sec , dx = 3sec g d , ( x 1) 2 32 = 3 g , luego:
dx dx 3 sec g d
x2 2 x 8
=
( x 1) 2 32
=
3 g
= sec d = sec + g + c
x 1 x2 2x 8
= + +c
3 3
( x + 1)dx
113.-
2 x x2
Solucin.-
Completando cuadrados se tiene:
2 x x 2 = ( x 2 2 x) = ( x 2 2 x + 1 1) = ( x 2 2 x + 1) + 1 = 1 ( x 2 1)
Sea: x 1 = s e n , dx = cos d , 1 ( x 1) 2 = cos , luego:
( x + 1)dx 1 (2 2 x) 4 1 (2 2 x)dx dx
2 x x 2 = 2 2 x x 2 dx = 2 2 x x 2 + 2 2 x x2
dx dx
= 2 x x 2 + 2 = 2 x x 2 + 2
2x x 2
1 ( x 1) 2
cos d
= 2 x x 2 + 2 = 2 x x 2 + 2 + c = 2 x x 2 + 2 arcs e n( x 1) + c
cos
114.- f ( x) f ( x)dx
235
Solucin.- Sea: u = f ( x), du = f ( x)dx
[ f ( x) ] + c
2
u2
f ( x) f ( x)dx = udu =
2
+c =
2
x3 + 7 x 2 5 x + 5
115.- dx
x2 + 2x 3
Solucin.-
x3 + 7 x 2 5 x + 5 20 12 x (20 12 x)dx
x 2 + 2 x 3 dx = x + 5 + x2 + 2 x 3 dx = xdx + 5 dx + x 2 + 2 x 3
(20 12 x)dx x 2 Adx B
xdx + 5 ( x + 3)( x 1) = 2 + 5 x + x + 3 + x 1()
dx +
20 12 x = A( x 1) + B( x + 3)
x = 1 8 = 4B B = 2
De donde:
x = 3 56 = 4 A A = 14
x2 dx dx x 2
() = + 5 x 14 + 2 = + 5 x + 14 x + 3 + 2 x 1 + c
2 x+3 x 1 2
1+ x + x 2
116.- e dx
Solucin.-
1+ x + x 2 x 2 x3
e dx = (1 + x + x )dx = x + + + c
2
2 3
( x 1)dx
117.-
x2 4 x + 3
Solucin.-
Completando cuadrados se tiene: x 2 4 x + 3 = x 2 4 x + 4 1 = ( x 2) 2 1
Sea: x 2 = sec , dx = sec g d , ( x 2)2 1 = g , luego:
( x 1)dx 1 (2 x 4) + 2 1 (2 x 4)dx dx
x 2 4 x + 3 = 2 x 2 4 x + 3 dx = 2 x 2 4 x + 3 + x 2 4 x + 3
dx dx
= x2 4 x + 3 + = x2 4x + 3 +
x 4x + 3
2
( x 2) 2 1
sec g d
= x2 4x + 3 + = x 2 4 x + 3 + sec d
g
= x 2 4 x + 3 + sec + g + c
= x2 4x + 3 + x 2 + x2 4x + 3 + c
xdx
118.-
x + 4x + 5 2
Solucin.-
236
Completando cuadrados se tiene: x 2 + 4 x + 5 = x 2 + 4 x + 4 + 1 = ( x + 2) 2 + 1
Sea: x + 2 = g , dx = sec2 d , ( x + 2) 2 + 1 = sec , luego:
xdx xdx ( g 2) sec 2 d
x2 + 4 x + 5
=
( x + 2) 2 + 1
=
sec
= g sec d 2 sec d
= sec 2 sec + g + c = x 2 + 4 x + 5 2 x2 + 4 x + 5 + x + 2 + c
4dx
119.-
x + 4x
3
Solucin.-
4dx (3x 2 + 4) 3x 2 (3 x 2 + 4)dx x 2 dx
x3 + 4 x x3 + 4 x
= dx = x3 + 4 x 3 x3 + 4 x
3 2 xdx 3
= x3 + 4 x 2 = x3 + 4 x x 2 + 4 + c
2 x +4 2
x( x + 4)
2
x
= 2 +c = +c
( x + 4)
3
2
x +4
2
co gxdx
120.-
sen x
Solucin.- Sea: u = s e n x , du = co gxdx
co gxdx du
sen x
=
u
= u + c = sen x + c
2tdt
t
1+ x 3(t 2 1) 3 2 t 2 dt 2 1
3 2
2 2 dt
x
dx =
(t 1)
2 1
3
= 2 = 1 + 2 dt = dt + 2
3 t 1 3 t 1 3 3 t 1
2 1 t 1 2 1 1 + x3 1
= t+ +c = 1 + x3 + +c
3 3 t +1 3 3 1 + x3 + 1
x 1 1
123.- dx
x +1 x
237
x 1 x 1 1+ t2 4tdt
Solucin.- Sea: = t t2 = x(1 t 2 ) = t 2 x = , dx =
x +1 x +1 1 t 2
(1 t 2 ) 2
x 1 1 (1 t 2 ) 4tdt t 2 (1 t 2 ) dt t 2 dt
x +1 x
dx = t
(1 + t 2 ) (1 t 2 ) 2
= 4 (1 + t 2 )(1 t 2 ) 2 (1 + t 2 )(1 t 2 )
= 4
t 2 dt Adt Bdt Ct + D
= 4 = 4 + + dt ()
(1 + t )(1 t )(1 + t )
2
1+ t 1 t 1+ t2
t 2
A B Ct + D
= + +
(1 + t )(1 t )(1 + t ) 1 + t 1 t 1 + t 2
2
z = 1 2 = 2 A A = 1
De donde: z = 0 0 = A + C C = 1
z = 1 2 = 2 A + 2 B + 2C B = 1
238
dz z +1 1 2 zdz dz
() = + dz = 1 + z + 2 + 2
1+ z 1+ z 2
2 z +1 z +1
1 z2 +1
= 1+ z + z 2 + 1 + arc gz + c = + arc gz + c
2 z +1
g 2 x 2 +1
= + arc gz + c
g x 2 +1
dx
125.-
3 + 2 cos x
2z 1 z2 x 2dz
Solucin.- Sea: s e n x = , cos x = , z = g , dx =
1+ z 2
1+ z 2
2 1+ z2
2z
dx 1+ z2 2dz dz 2 z
3 + 2 cos x = 1 z
2
dz =
3 + 3z + 2 2 z
2 2
= 2
5+ z 2
=
5
arc g
5
+c
3 + 2 2
1+ z
2 5 5 x
= arc g g + c
5 5 2
xdx
126.-
x 2x + 5
2
Solucin.-
Completando cuadrados se tiene: x 2 2 x + 5 = x 2 2 x + 1 + 4 = ( x 1) 2 + 22 ,
Sea: x 1 = 2 g , dx = 2sec 2 d , ( x 1) 2 + 22 = 2sec ,luego:
xdx 1 (2 x 2 + 2)dx 1 (2 x 2)dx dx
x2 2 x + 5 = 2 x2 2 x + 5 = 2 x2 2 x + 5 + x2 2 x + 5
dx dx
= x2 2x + 5 + = x2 2x + 5 +
x2 2 x + 5 ( x 1) 2 + 22
2 sec 2 d
= x2 2x + 5 + = x 2 2 x + 5 + sec d
2sec
= x 2 2 x + 5 + sec + g + c
(1 + s e n x)dx
127.-
s e n x(2 + cos x)
2z 1 z2 x 2dz
Solucin.- Sea: s e n x = , cos x = , z = g , dx =
1+ z 2
1+ z 2
2 1+ z2
239
2z 2
1 + 2
(1 + s e n x)dx 1+ z 1+ z2 (1 + z 2 + 2 z )dz
s e n x(2 + cos x) 2 z 1 z 2 2 z (1 + z 2 ) + z (1 z 2 )
= dz =
2+ 2
1+ z2 1+ z
( z 2 + 2 z + 1)dz ( z 2 + 2 z + 1)dz Adz Bz + C
= = = + 2 dz () }
z + 3z
3
z ( z + 3)
2
z ( z + 3)
( z 2 + 2 z + 1) A Bz + C
= + 2 z 2 + 2 z + 1 = A( z 2 + 3) + ( Bz + C ) z
z ( z + 3)
2
z ( z + 3)
Az + 3 A + Bz 2 + Cz ( A + B ) z 2 + Cz + 3 A , igualando coeficientes se tiene:
2
A +B =1
C = 2 A = 1 , B = 2 ,C = 2
3 3
3A = 1
2 z+2
1 dz 1 dz 1 2 zdz dz
() = + 32 dz = + 2 + 2 2
3 z ( z + 3) 3 z 3 ( z + 3) ( z + 3)
1 1 2 g x
2
= g x + g2 x + 3 + arc g 2 +c
3 2 3 2 3 3
dx
128.- 4
x +4
Solucin.- Sea: x 4 + 4 = x 4 + 4 x 2 + 4 4 x 2 = ( x 2 + 2) 2 (2 x) 2 = ( x 2 + 2 x + 2)( x 2 2 x + 2)
dx dx ( Ax + B )dx (Cx + D)dx
x4 + 4 = ( x2 + 2 x + 2)( x 2 2 x + 2) = ( x 2 + 2 x + 2) + ( x 2 2 x + 2) ()
1 ( Ax + B ) (Cx + D)
= 2 + 2
( x + 4) ( x + 2 x + 2) ( x 2 x + 2)
4
1 1 1 1
= x 2 + 2 x + 2 + arc g ( x + 1) x 2 2 x + 2 + arc g ( x 1) + c
16 8 16 8
240
1 x2 + 2x + 2 1
= 2 + [ arc g ( x + 1) + arc g ( x 1) ] + c
16 x 2x + 2 8
241
BIBLIOGRAFIA
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