S ANAEROBIC REACTOR SYSTEMS AT INDUSTRIAL SCALE - THE VARIETY OF DESIGNS - THE BASIC RULES FOR DIMENSION Denes Digester Gay Settler Figure 29, - ANAEROBIC CONTACT PROCESS: Figure3Q. - ANAEROBIC EDR (185, Gos Liquid Tubular Recycle Biomass: Support Surfaces Effluenk Figure 3d, - ANAEROBIC STATIONARY FIXED-FILM REACTOR Figure 31. ANAEROBIC. FILTERSpactte activity (mg (QVSE)+ 4) 6 40 «0-40 80-120 kd ag Response of biomass to dissolved hydrogen 8 a function of the biofilm thickness a 25 = 2 eae s 15 | eal I 0.5 ° ° oe | 08 1 7.2) @agajage ate Granule diameter (welghed average) (4 st, devin oyeyooyyayeuoydorg 4 090 Bidago Mert CBP. 5 Kesistance to oxydative agents : Sacultative fermentors outer envelope of granule as a shield Hydrogen Acetate 00 700 400 pe 2 500 g 300 S100 200 : 300 200 100 i E100 ro tee ee ll ee Gero” aye) Ge easea” EFFLUENT INFLUENT Mass balance on the gas phase: “2! = Ynscam. a Ee DF“ * KArKa ~ om) IF (ka) SMALL, THEN [X], >> [X]* eximapoLamion oF ARSE TRhNseeR RATE TO ci exmapo.arion oF uRtSHRusren nae To cH ing Ak fr OO UBF ear ting he fer Het UBF eetor ‘cox paren te He empetatl te rams ‘secon ol tant fle somata wi the COD buaos wound the ovr ye “Tha taneter machen of CH le dtlornt of st of He ‘maar oat aaa gy xan vn eset the COD balance rund fhe oval syserGas partial pressure (Pa (Galas Ese ho og MisabiGO Bee 3913 Fig. 8. Prodicted partial pressures of Hz, CHs and COz uring the ascent of a single bubble in a granular sludge ‘bod, ‘Exporimental data are preliminary results obtained in another UBF reactor. ‘Table 1. Limitation in iquidto-gas mass aansfet of Hain various angerobic reactors Recor] ORT Rae pm | Faun] Reference ope }ecome| ua | ah i Mixed | 45 [ 0805 | 108 | 30” | ‘Kuroda eral. 1991 Med [5.7 [us| 50 | | Paseeral 1990 vase | 7.0" [3.1205 | 137868 | 20 | Guloterat 198 vase | 79 [e007] 6883 | 36 | Guioterat 1989 usr [73 | aims | 1aesi0 | 74 Pass eal, 1990 war] 75 103 133, 102 Pauss & Gulor 1993 UBF | 27 | tease | ae | sa Pause eta 1990 [uass [32] a7 | am | Ei Mariunl et 1957 ASB: uphlow anaerobic Mudge Bike, UBF: aptlow mae Tier BULK LIQUID000 oo ee LIQUID-TO-GAS MASS TRANSFER OF METHANE AND. HYDROGEN AS A TWO-STEPS PROCESS: Liguid-to-gas mass transfer in anaerobic processes was investigated dioxide coctticients were calculated trom gas phase compost related dissolved concentration. Methane transfer coefficients ‘on caleulations fom both the hydrogen and carbon dioxide coefficients. 1» when using COp data to (0 9 % of the total methane ie and more consistent with COD balancos output, which is more ‘and with lierature roouits. . results suggest that the mechanism of Hquid-to-gas transfer is for CHyand CO2 but is radicaly different trom the mechanism of He mass transfer. bubble Is nearly constant whereas the bubble Is enriched In hydrogen (Fig.8). Second, the simulation also prodicis that the change in bubble volume during its ascent is not significant. This suggests that most of the (CH and C02 is transfered to the gas phase before the bubble rise, i rucleation sites witin the granules. The mass transfer rates for CH, and C02 would be intimately related to the biological activitios of the biomass, and the diffusional barrior between the bubble and the Iquid phase would be less influent In summary, the methane and carbon dioxide contenis in the gas bubble ‘appears contolled by the butt i 's largely. rosponsible for 1. CH, C02 / bubble formation / granule core essendaly methanogenic 2. Hp! bubble rising / He producors mainly in the outor granule space and the dispersed suspension Fig. 1. Temporal profiles ofthe measured dissolved Ha and propionate co SOLR scODigvss.é i Operating time (ay) partial pressare (lower section) along with the specific organic loading rate fn) (wid) “*d Propionate (mM) Figure 2 Comparative correlation of measured dissolved hy drogen ([H,}) and gases pionate concent! fine) oF Pus (dotte ous hydrogen (Py) values with the pro: ration. Linear regression fit between [Hz], (solic .d line) and propionate concentration{ois ym pratusiaen ees pox fons anaes 2 ge) sane fb Stepp soca) eu Bene P Ed @ eau, sons one og es (oon y p09 Satie S| a0 , eae oui 19. ou eaueovail pue [sno lou “Ce “fid) 1 Uonsnbe ot Bupuoaze porno asa Suoqieos “Sulenposteueytews og) yo pue ojtepe:tep ‘syounyéeid eur Jo (Or) eBags KS.oue eon e000 eu, Bi ‘yb0) otodaes 9 3 vonauso) jo ssoueus Adjeuiue preopun 04 pennies dam ‘woo tet au pach ‘Shaie famace bepoee oad Ce Sine) aoaente Emioaieeweao im Suse ponies ont ton a ‘Cr ia’ “be) Wouoduco Yoee Jo vonPulol io eoBeets. ia) “seman ont) 7 Anus es seu prepons ‘an Wo) ute poole racist Saree ad 8 sate oa ae en geet cueptter eegost ot io wonton senuspeaiee uy 10 souecge eu) 40) uonuejda eljeneid teow oud “W FEREETS Oupaau) nue 40} suoneniueauee nie ot Besn Hodes (ay ia) 4 Sus ox fom uy peijaees Ayxaqunulpouayy 2} REM UessTe ee ‘SrrMTG} Sujen sievjdors Jo wojeyueuse) oitooe wu 3 ‘sim “fee001d uoneusiieweia. tue ul ovat Reheeray a eect ‘peperers SIQEIONOTUN SUT —TosIaeeD—TEREATH“uorsiece jon0 84 Buo|e o|uoBiapue sem uaboxpAy "aveeas oj uonepestep eyrvoidosd “aly wow vo aue Jo oqo) Wweuine.Buymoye “jueBiexD.osen wusfoees au! 84) "peqyoaep enone oh poisnait> lan seBut49 ABioue UL "(ria) poseprues arom eM) owed SNOILVESCISNOD OMIVNACOWESAL Ieee tye" sevemuciied” pus "wenesese ‘seat pnbh pum 208 ‘unugninbe Sujunsse ‘euoqeinajea ze 124 pain som ty Jo einssexd found #99. {0 Js0u ut -pamo(ea 9a eo aBunya ABseve 20:5 26019IN BRIEF... owe eee eee ee LARGER GRANULE SIZE IMPROVES THE VOILUMETRIC PERFOMANCE (Ry) OF THE INDUSTRIAL REACTOR Ry = Xexr + Mxmax svi b i [Methanogen] “* ap [Holingran aly OTHER ADVANTAGES : + in the treatment of toxic wastewaters “high SRT : acclimation to occur before washout + high hydraulic load : rapid elution of toxicants. + EPS matrix within films and aggregates = + trapping and accumulating trace molecules + barrier against large M.W. antibacterial agents Environmental Engineering Group [NRG Biotechnology Research Insta, CanadaGranule ey . fluidization and relative specific _ao s ee ‘Spec. atv (mel "5S 6") 8 trophic activities ge ‘4 tt : Fluidization, increasing the Upflow velocity (mh) shear stress, O increases the substrate diffusion © decreases the ratio of acidogens (external layer) to methanogens (core) Environmental Engineering Group : NRC Biotechnology Research institute es ees SIMPLIFIED ILLUSTRATION ‘Two granule types of different diameter : 0.3 mm and 1.5mm Each granule type having an outermost layer of similar thickness (= 50 jum) composed essentially of fermentative populations The remaining core of each granule type mainly consisting of acetogenic and methanogenic populations Fermentatives 50 um 30% tacos methanogens Relative colonization ee apFigure 403. Examples of ordered plastic packing for erickling filter. 1 ~ Plasdek, 2 ~ Cloisonyle. Pres wre RETICULATE POLYURETHANE FOAM Chemically inert Light weight (23 Kg/m*) Void space 95-97% Specific area approx. 1000m*/m* Pore size: 10 - 1000 um Flexible, open-cell, variable hardness aoe Bg wed? 9.3013BIOPAQ Fig 33. Schéma du Réacteur & Lit de Boue Granulaire Anaérobio (UASE) : i Fig, 36. Gaabft cea ANAEROBIC REACTOR Fis 55, Baffled Reactor iy: 36, Gos f “ANHYBRID 5 Ai [cane orFLUIDIZED BEDS Fis. 39. ‘Supports : ;aglomerated glass Activated carbon granules Styrene resins Diatomnite Sepiolite Fritted a polyurethane particles Argex beads Expanded ite Bioli High recirculation of effuent PROCESS DESCRIPTION OFA FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR (FBR) Consists of a bed of supporting particles contained in a vertical columa, through which wastewater flow upwards at a sufficient velocity to maintain the particles in constant motion. Once fluidized, each particle provides a large surface area for ‘As the biofim covers the support media, the overall density and setting velaclty of the biofim-coated modia (bioparticle) decrease, and the bioparicle moves up the reactor. In most cases, recycle of the roactor effluent is emplayed to fenéure uniform The supericial volociy‘Table 1 Monitoring of hydrogen and proplonste concentrations before and during bioges reeysting Dissolved hhydrogen Gas recycling _Propionate measured Gaseous hydrogen Dissolved hydrogen Sursaturation Periods ratio and rate concentration ((H,l). = meesured (pyal calculated ([H") factor ka tH) (Og, day) uh (aia (opm) (uaa (nitess) (o-) -7-0 No. 984921572 10872018 107 = 24 oom=008 136240 © 072024 16 2116) 881= 914 Cee zONSs 200 99. 0.148 = 0.089 Bax2s 411s 262 6-13 4:1(29) Sga0z B44 © Maz 00S) © 202 = 58 0.164 = 0.088 28206 946+ 277 26-35 BIG) 711,162 OBSSzOTEL 3295 8B 0.220 = 0.085 25205 2086879 1082 Enzyme Microb. Technol., 1995, vol. 17, December Ass Me & af 2 Evacuation chamber —}= Infiuent ‘Supernatant quid Passage point: Plate y LLL Torch jomass $8 ‘Semi-conical truncated tube Fig, 37, Maltiplate Anaerobic Recator (SNC Research Inc. Montreal)1 ADVANTAGES OF FBR In a FBR, a higher biomass retention is achieved due to the larger specific area of the fluidized support particles. * The typical biomass concentrations are near 40 gi. * This table compares the specific area of the supporting media of the FBR with other biological processes: ‘Treatment process Specific surface area of media (m’7L) Triekding 7 1230 Rotating biological contactor 40-50 FBR 800-1200, Fewer clogging problems, less channeling and less pressure drop S ‘Small area and volume requirement Better removal efficiency (up to 70 Kg CODim* -) Recycling ensures better mitigation of shock loads Recycling also increases turbulence around the particles which favors higher mass-transfer rates so that low-strongth organic substrate can be treated SUPPORT PARTICLES Activated Carbon Bentonite (Aluminum licate) Clay Pumice Stone Saponite (Magnesium Silicate) Sand Sepioli Sintered Glass Vermicul Peat Moss Polypropylene Polystyrene Polyurethane Foams Polyvinylchioride (PVC) Specific Area (m?/m*} 5000-6000 1000 53-397 2500-4000 90000 895 140shy ego: he2011090 ‘ep. 291 & CONCLUSIONES © SISTEMAS DE LECHO LODOS GRANULAR * Razén 6ptima de Blomasa—Volumen * Arreglo dptimo especial de las poblaciones * Problemas potenciales de iniciacién y establlidad de granulos « SISTEMAS DE LECHO FLUIDIZADO * Peliculas compactas, actividad especifica alla © Lavado de particulas finas inertes e + Mayor mezclado de liquide y difusién de sustrato * Sistemas convencionales: velocidades superficiales excesivas CONCLUSIONES (Continua) + Lechos fluidizados con microsoportes livianos: baja velocidad ascendente ‘+ Lechos granulares, con granulo nucleado y/o velocidad ascendente mayor « Ssurgen de los dos concepts de granulacién y fluldizacion