PROBLEM 14.91 P ‘A chain of length / and mass m lies in a pile on the floor. If its end 4 is raised vertically at a constant speed v, express in terms of the length y of chain which is off the floor at any given instant (a) the magnitude of the force P applied at 4, (b) the reaction of the floor. SOLUTION Let p be the mass per unit length of chain. Apply the impulse - momentum to the entire chain. Assume that the reaction from the floor it equal to the weight of chain still in contact with the floor. Calculate the floor reaction. R= pg(l-y) R = me(1 ve ow fl + Ioquan = fprarne ca Rit) Apply the impulse-momentum principle. pyv + P(At) + R(t) ~ pgl(At) = p(y + Av)v PAL = p(Ay)» + pel (At) ~ R(At) a ay @ P = pv + pel — p(L— Let & @ Pat Pel e(L-y)e Let Fe (8) From above, R= me(1 e 2) t«PROBLEM 14.92 , Solve Prob, 14.91, assuming that the chain s being lowered tothe floor at a constant speed . y SOLUTION (a) Let p be the mass per unit length of chain. The force P supports the weight of chain still off the floor. pm ¢ 7 P= pay (6) Apply the impulse-momentum principle to the entire chain. t Put) : * eghtat) = i pagtyrayyy Tews ~pyv + P(A) + R(x) ~ pa (Ar) = “pay + av) R(At) = pel (At) ~ P(At) ~ pe(ay)v R= pel - pay~ py Let Ar > 0. Then, R= pe(L-y)+ pv?PROBLEM 14.93 A rocket has a mass of 960 kg, including 800 kg of fuel, which is consumed at the rate of 10 kg/s and ejected with a relative velocity of 3600 m/s. Knowing that the rocket is fired vertically from the ground, determine its acceleration (a) as itis fired, (b) as the last particle of fuel is being consumed. SOLUTION From Eq. (14.44) of the text book, the thrust is (10 kg/s)(3600 mm/s) = 36 « 10° kg-m/s? = 36 10° N EF = ma P-mg=ma a=—-g (a) At the start of firing, 36x10 960) = 9.81 = 27.69 mis? From (1), (6) As the last particle of fuel is consumed, m= 960-800 = 160kg, _g = 9:81 ms* (assumed) 36x 10° = 9.81 = 215.19 ms? 160 From (1), a a= 277m} 4 a= 215 m6] 4PROBLEM 14.94 ‘A rocket has a mass of 1500 kg, including 1200 kg of fuel, which is consumed at the rate of 15 ky/s. Knowing that the rocket is fired vertically from the ground and that its acceleration increases by 220 m/s? from the time itis fired to the time the last particle of fuel has been consumed, determine the relative velocity with which the fuel is being ejected. SOLUTION Ti, ratte mg |] ma. a Data: As rocket is fired: m = 1500 kg 15 A&M _9.81= 0.0m -9.81 a a As all the fuel is consumed: ‘m, = 1500 - 1200 = 300 kg. 15 354 _ 9.81 = 0.05u-9.81 a iu @ From the given data, a, ~ a = 220 ms? @ Using (1) and (2) for a, and ay and substituting into (3), 0.04u = 220 u = 5500misPROBLEM 14.95 ‘The main propulsion system of a space shuttle consists of three identical rocket engines, each of which bums the hydrogen-oxygen propellant at the rate of 750 Ib/s and ejects it with a relative velocity of 12,500 fils. Determine the total thrust provided by the three engines. SOLUTION 750 Ibs, La’ - 750 _ 23.292 bs de dg dt 322 dm . ‘Thrust of one engine’ GH = (12500)(28.292) = 291.1810 For 3 engines, 3P = 873.4 10° Ib Thrust = 873 kipsPROBLEM 14.96 ‘The main propulsion system of a space shuttle consists of three identical rocket engines which provide a total thrust of 1200 kips. Determine the rate at which the hydrogen-oxygen propellant is bumed by each of the three engines, knowing that it is ejected with a relative velocity of 12,500 fs. SOLUTION ‘Thrust of one engine: P= ar 10" = 400.10" Ib But, aw & = 1030 this i <PROBLEM 14.97 ‘The mass of a spacecraft, including fuel, is 5800 kg when the rocket engines are fired to increase its velocity by 120 m/s. Knowing that 500 kg of fuel is consumed, determine the relative velocity of the fuel ejected. SOLUTION Apply conservation of momentum to the rocket plus the fuel. | (n- Am) + do? mol = Pem(orav-v) [m — Am)(v + Av) + (Am)(v + Av - v) ‘my + m(Av) ~ (Amv ~ (Amm)(Av) + (Amv + (Am)(Av) — (Am) v ‘m(Av) — u(Am) = 0 ¥ ~% = 120 ms 1m, = 5800 kg, _m, = 5800 ~ 500 = $300 kg 120 = win 3800 5300 331 m/s 4PROBLEM 14.98 ‘The rocket engines of a spacecraft are fired to increase its velocity by 150 m/s. Knowing that 600 kg of fuel is ejected at a relative velocity of 1800 mys, determine the mass of the spacecraft after the firing. SOLUTION Apply conservation of momentum to the rocket plus the fuel. wolf} = Gh moron 0) (m= Am)(v + Av) +(am)(v+ Av ¥) = mv + m(Av) ~ (Am)v ~ (Am)(Av) + (Am) + (Am)(Av) = (Am)v (Av) — u(Am) = 0 | (n- Amedeo? a0) Data: v= v= 150m, w= 1800.mvis My =m, + Meg =m, + 600 kg. m+ 600 _ 150 exp = 1.08690 ™, 1800 800 _ 0.08690 m = 6900 kg ™PROBLEM 14.99 ‘A 1200-Ib spacecraft is mounted on top of a rocket weighing, 42,000 Ib, including 40,000 Ib of fuel. Knowing that the fuel is consumed at a rate of 500 b/s and ejected with a relative velocity of 12,000 fs, determine the maximum speed imparted to the spacecraft when the rocket is fired vertically from the ground, SOLUTION ‘See sample Problem 14.8 for derivation of v=uln—"0_ — gt . ‘my — qt aw 1 : AG . MY =) (500) = 15.527 Ib: Data: Wao, g == 35 (500) tee my = 20 = 1 (42600 + 1200) = 1360.25 tb e322 = He = 400 _ p92 24 sR Moet =o “302 ‘Maximum speed is reached when all the fuel is used up. 26800 fsPROBLEM 14.100 The rocket used to launch the 1200-Ib spacecraft of Prob. 14.99 is redesigned to include two stages 4 and B, each weighing 21,300 Ib, including 20,000 Ib of fuel. The fuel is again consumed at a rate of ‘500 Ib/s and ejected with a relative velocity of 12,000 ft/s. Knowing that when stage A expels its last particle of fuel, its casing is released and jettisoned, determine (a) the speed of the rocket at that instant, (6) the ‘maximum speed imparted to the spacecraft. SOLUTION Thrust force. ‘Mass of rocket + unspent fuel. Corresponding weight force Acceleration: a Integrating with respect to time to obtain the velocity, gat vot fadt = yy +m f Sonat wo For each stage, 1 = 12000 fs p= Mat 62112 q (153528 For the first stage, 1200 + (2)(21300) _ 136925 15.5 32.2 136025 ~ 621.12 @ = 0 ~12000 In 136025 = 621-12 _ (39 2)(40) = 6031.4 fvs @ * rg (32.2)(40) 6030 fs For the second stage, Y= 603148, my = POSE? oop.76 si ® ¥4 = 6031.4 ~ 12000 In £98.76 = 621-12 _ (39 2)(40) = sin10 tvs 698.76 vy = 31100 fisPROBLEM 14.101 Determine the altitude reached by the spacecraft of Prob. 14.99 when all the fuel of its launching rocket has been consumed. SOLUTION ‘See sample Problem 14.8 for derivation of gt v= uln a Note that gis assumed to be constant. se yin) nding wih peti me 1 A=" F inzde -—gf? am Gilad — at = SER = Mou | Paste 3) Pi q my my My sei-ehease 4} matt rot] una —1 q ms my weet ante st 1 2 q m = 2 @PROBLEM 14.101 CONTINUED (42600 + 1200) Seen) e n aaa 1360.25 Ib 5.528 Ib-s/f, Maas = some 1242.24 Ib-s2/ft Data: u = 12000 fus, 32.2 fs? ‘mg ~ gt = 118.01 Ib-s?/ft From (2), he (120m 30 7 (Se 7 #0) 1n 1360.25 = 634010 h=120.1mi €PROBLEM 14.102 For the spacecraft and the two-stage launching rocket of Prob. 14.100, determine the altitude at which (a) stage 4 of the rocket is released, (&) the fuel of both stages has been consumed. SOLUTION Thrust force. Mass of rocket + unspent fuel. Corresponding weight force. Acceleration: Integrating with respect to time to obtain velocity, gat my — at + fadt =v + uf = vy -uln ™ Fa a Integrating again to obtain the displacement = s+ ~uf in 1 ty -ufnata tL Let zoe, ta, db=-Ma ™ m q ‘Then, sesytyee MME Inzae—3 =o tug + MOA (zinz +2) Bn songs aL Mg met alm my @ = aye ue ta ro( Ee n=ee]PROBLEM 14.102 CONTINUED For each stage, smog, = 200% = 21.2 tb-s?/R, w= 12000 fs € q= Me issosibst, = Moa = 82112 _ yy, 322 @~ 15.528 For the first stage, w=0 =O = 1200+ (2)(21300) _ 1360.95 teste 322 From equation (1), yy = 012000 in 1360.25 — 621.12 _ (39 >)(40) = 6031.4 fs 1360.25, From equation (2), 1360.25, 1360.25 — 621.12 1 2 @ 420404 2000 +( 360.8 | 40) a 3025-22) 4 (322)(40) = 105838 = 200mi 4 For the second stage, vy = 6031.4 As, sy = 105838 ft = 1200+ 21300 _ 699.76 tbs? 32.2 7 From equation (2), 4%, = 105838 + (6031.4)(40) 698.76 _ 49 tq 698.76 - 621.12 15.528 698.76 ® ora 0+ Lsaa\(aop = 669501 hy =1268mi €PROBLEM 14.103 Determine the distance traveled by the spacecraft of Prob. 14.97 during the rocket engine firing, knowing that its initial speed was 2500 mvs and the duration of the firing was 60. SOLUTION Thrust force Mass of rocket plus unspent fuel m= my - at Acceleration: anne a win = vy ~uLIn (my ~ gt) — In my] = vy Integrating again to obtain the displacement, sem typ —u fin = Ma ™ my ~ gt Let de--a se sytug + ME nade = (sins So q sony tel mat gmt) M(t) mlm Sy + Mot + new mn q ost 4 f sso eaft-(M aa my ] @PROBLEM 14.103 CONTINUED 2500 + 120 = 2620 mis 500 1=60 = Thue = 200 - 9.3333 kes s a= 0 kgs Data: vp = 2500 m/s 1m, = 5800 kg my ~ gf = 5800 ~ 500 = 5300 kg, 3300 From (1), 2620 = 2500 - in 5200 120 = win 3802 1331.10 ms 3300 5800 5800 se .10| 60 ~( 5800. — 60) 5800 From 2), 0 + (2500)(60) +1331 fo ( a } ae) = 153.546 «10 m 5 =1535km 4PROBLEM 14.104 For the rocket of Prob. 14.93, determine (a) the altitude at which all fuel has been consumed, (b) the velocity of the rocket at that time. SOLUTION See sample Problem 14.8 for derivation of v= ln — gp = un =O — gy @) mh —- a ™ Note that g is assumed to be constant. Set © — yin (1 and integrate with respect ote. he Pay = frdt = ff] win—2_ _ Gay = Svar t( meg «la =-ufinM=H a 1g? m 2 Let m= 9 dt or dt mo j= "OE neds — MH (cine - 2) Jf - 7h 7 MI, -ta [moe (nmat =). {nt )]-te° q my my My My 2 nef (1— lamest) a} q my. m™ 2 ro tp MoM a 1] at} in MOH alm wate (Mata ntat q ™ a ufe-(™%-1}in—o_] - f(a] ®PROBLEM 14.104 CONTINUED Data: my =960kg, q =10kgs, 1 =3600ms, g = 9.81 m/s? eS q 10 960, 960 }_1 2 @ n = 3600} 80 ~ (2% _ gin -te = 153.410 m @ | (3 %)n55 “al $(0.81)(80)' = 1834 «10 h=1534km4 960 DF tion (1), = 36001 ~ (9.81)(80 (0) From equation (D, v = 36001n 58° — (9.81)(80) v= 5670 m/s |PROBLEM 14.105 Ina rocket, the kinetic energy imparted to the consumed and ejected fuel is wasted as far as propelling the rocket is concemed. The useful power is ‘equal to the product of the force available to propel the rocket and the speed of the rocket. If v is the speed of the rocket and u is the relative speed of the expelled fuel, show that the mechanical efficiency of the rockets = Dau? +¥"), Explain why =I when w= ¥ SOLUTION Let beth thrust force and 2 be te mass flow rate Absolute velocity of exhaust: yeuny Thrust force: Power of thrust force: Power associated with exhaust: Total power supplied by engine: P=R+P Mechanical efficiency: ‘The exhaust, having zero velocity, carries no power away.PROBLEM 14.106 In a jet airplane, the kinetic energy imparted to exhaust gases is wasted as, far as propelling the airplane is concemed. The useful power is equal to the product of the force available to propel the airplane and the speed of the airplane. If v is the speed of the airplane and u is the relative speed of the expelled gases, show that the mechanical efficiency of the airplane is = 2u(u + v). Explain why 77 = 1 when w = v. SOLUTION Let Fbe the thrust force, and be the mass flow rte, Absolute velocity of exhaust: ‘Thrust force: Power of thrust force: R= Fv=%\u-v)v a Power associated with exhaust: Pat) = ; (am)v2 = Flamy(u -vWF Total power supplied by engine: pas dt useful power total power ‘Mechanical efficiency: 17 =1 when u = v. The exhaust, having zero velocity, carries no power away.PROBLEM 14.107 A 180-1b man and a 120-Ib woman stand side by side at the same end of a 300-Ib boat, ready to dive, each with a 16-fl/s velocity relative to the boat, Determine the velocity of the boat after they have both dived, if (a) the woman dives first, (b) the man dives first. SOLUTION (@) Woman dives first. soos yy 100. Conservation of momentum: (Ie- 1) o=y | f = 120 46 —,) 300-180, g £ y= 2009) «3.20 6 — Man dives next. Conservation of momentum: 3004180, 300, 180 y= vy + (16 — 99) 8 eee 4800; + (180)(16) ee 20 Avs Yn =9.20fs — 4 (®) Man dives first. Conservation of momentum: 18046 _ y) -300++ 120, g g (200) 50 8 00 ‘Woman dives next. Conservation of momentum: 120, 300+ 120 + 206-4) g g 420y; + (120)(16) a0 9.37 fs 9.37 Us — 4PROBLEM 14.108 ‘A 180-Ib man and a 120-Ib woman stand at opposite ends of a 300-Ib boat, ready to dive, each with a 16-fUs velocity relative to the boat. Determine the velocity of the boat after they have both dived, if (a) the woman dives first, (b) the man dives first. SOLUTION (@) Woman dives firs. ‘Conservation of momentum: 122 goat) 300418045, + —- 120, 300 +180 i (20100 2004 — Man dives next. Conservation of momentum: Zo sI80, Soo eC) a es 300 + 180, e 480%, + (180)(16 oo 2.80 fils v, = 2.80 fs — 4 480 (6) Man dives first Conservation of momentum: 6 )- sme, . y= 800116) 4.80 Us — ‘Woman dives next. Conservation of momentum: _ 420; + (120)(16) 7 420 = -0.229 fils Vy = 0.229 f's — 4PROBLEM 14.109 ‘A system consists of three particles 4, B, and C. We know that im, =3 kg, my =4 kg, and mc = 5 kg and that the velocities of the particles expressed in m/s are, respectively, v, =—4i+4j + 6k, V5 = -61 +8) + 4k, and vc = 2-6)-4k. Determine the angular ‘momentum Hy of the system about O. SOLUTION Linear momentum of each particle (kg-mv/s): mv g = “12+ 12+ 18K. Igy = ~24i + 32) + 16K mc¥c = 10k ~ 30) - 20k Position vectors, (meters): Wy = 12+ 15k, ry = 0.91+1.254+ 12k, re = 2.45 +18k Angular momentum about O (kg-m?/s): Hy = 4X mv p+ Fy X mV 5 + He X MV i jk] |i Gj kl li jk ={12 0 15) +/09 12 12)+/0 24 18 -12 12 18] |-24 32 16| |10 -30 -20 18% ~ 39.6] + 14.4k) + (19.21 ~ 43.25 + 57.6) + (61 +18) - 24) 31.21 - 64.8) + 48.0k Ho 31.2kg-ms)i~(64.8kg-ms) p+ (48.0kg-ms) kdPROBLEM 14.110 For the system of particles in Prob. 14.109, determine (a) the postion ‘vector F of the mass center G of the system, (b) the linear momentum nv of the system, (c) the angular momentum H. of the system about G. Also verify that the answers to this problem and to Prob. 14.109 satisfy ‘the equation given in Prob. 14.28. SOLUTION Position vectors, (meters): ry 21415, ty = 091-4124 41.28, ne = 24) +18 (a) Mass center: (0m + my + me) = mata + mata + mete Cu 0.64 +1 10F + 15k) + (4)(0.91 + 1.2) + 1.2k) + (5)(2.4j + 18k) 1.525k = (0.600 m)i + (1.400.m)j + (1.525 m)k Linear momentum of each particle (kg-m/s): jig = “124 +125 + 18k my q = 241 + 324 +16 mc¥c = 104 ~ 30} - 20k (©) Linear momentum ofthe system (kg-m/s): mv = my 4+ MaVp + Mc¥c = ~26i + 14] + 14k Va + MaVy + MV i ni = ~(26.0 kg-mn/s) + (14.00 kgs) + (14.00 kg-mis)k Position vectors relative tothe mass center (meters) 64 = 1.4] ~ 0.025% ).3i — 0.2j - 0.325k We = Wo — F = -0.61 + 1.0j + 0.275PROBLEM 14.110 CONTINUED (©) Angular momentum about G (kg-m*/): Hg = 1, x myV 4 + ty X mgVy +e X MCV ii ok ij ok ij k =|06 14 -0025} + }03 -02 0325) + |-06 10 0.275| 22 1B -24 32 16 10-30 -20 (24.91 - 10.5) - 9.6k) + (7.24 + 3.0j + 4.8k) + (~11.75i ~ 9.254 + 8.0k) = -29.45i - 16.75} +3.2k (29.5 kg-m?)k- (16.75 kgm) + (3.20 kg- m2) ij k Fx miv =|0.6 1.4 1525] = -1.75i - 48.05} + 44.8k -% 14 14 Hg + F x my = ~(31.2 kg-m’ss)i ~ (64.8 kg-m7/s) j + (48.0 kg-m°/s)k Angular momentum about O (kg-m?/s): Hy = Fg x mv 4+ Tp X Map + Fo XMeVe ijk ijk ij ok 12 0.15] + |o9 1212] + Jo 24 18 -12 12 18] |-24 32 16| — |10 -30 ~20 = (181 ~ 39.6 + 14.4k) + (-19.24 ~ 43.2) + 57.6k) + (61 +18) - 24K) ~(31.2kg-m*ss)i - (64.8 kg-m*)j + (48.0kg-m’s)k Note that Hy = Hg +F xiv.PROBLEM 14.111 ‘Car A was traveling east at high speed when it collided at point O with ‘car B, which was traveling north at 72 kmvh. Car C, which was traveling west at 90 km/h, was 10 m east and 3 m north of point O at the time of the collision. Because the pavement was wet, the driver of car C could not prevent his car from sliding into the other two cars, and the three cars, stuck together, kept sliding until they hit the utility pole P. Knowing that the masses of cars 4, B, and C are, respectively, 1500 kg, 1300 kg, and 1200 kg, and neglecting the forces exerted on the cars by the wet pavement, solve the problems indicated. Knowing that the coordinates of the utility pole are x, =18 m and 3.9 m, determine (a) the time elapsed from the first collision to the Stbp at P, (the speed of ear 4. SOLUTION Let be the time elapsed since the first collision, No external forces in the xy plane act onthe system cons wg of cars 4, B, and C during the impacts with one another. The mass center of the system moves at the velocity it had before the collision. Initial mass center %: Given velocities: Velocity of mass center: (my + my + mc) (Xi + Fai) = mc(Xcl + Yei) I3xe = (0.3)(10) = 3m, Fp = 0.3y¢ = (0.3)(3) = 0.9m Vy = Vb Vp =(20ms)j, vo = -(25ms)i Va + mgVy + meVe (m+ my + me) = ¥ = 0375v, +0.325vy + 0.3¥¢ Since the collided cars hit the pole at Data: (a) From (2), (6) From (1), Tp = Xp + Ye} xpit yp) = K+ Tai +W Resolve into components. x: xp = ¥y + 0375v¢lp — O3¥etp @ YE Yp = Ty + 0.325vplp @ Xp =18m, yp =13.9m 13.9 = 0.9 + (0325)(20)tp fp = 2.0084 18 =3 + (0.375), (2.00) ~ (0.3)(25)(2.00) v4 = 40m/s vy = 144.0 km/hPROBLEM 14.112 Car A was traveling east at high speed when it collided at point O with car B, which was traveling north at 72 km/h. Car C, which was traveling, west at 90 knvh, was 10 m east and 3 m north of point O at the time of the collision. Because the pavement was wet, the driver of car C could not prevent his car from sliding into the other two cars, and the three cars, stuck together, kept sliding until they hit the utility pole P. Knowing that the masses of cars 4, B, and C are, respectively, 1500 kg, 1300 kg, and 1200 kg, and neglecting the forces exerted on the cars by the wet pavement, solve the problems indicated. Knowing that the speed of car A was 129.6 km/h and that the time elapsed from the first collision to the stop at P was 2.4 s, determine the coordinates of the utility pole P. SOLUTION Let be the time elapsed since the first collision. No external forces in the xy plane act on the system consisting of cars 4, B, and C during the impacts with one another. The mass center of the system moves at the velocity it had before the collision. Initial mass center ¥: Given velocities: Velocity of mass center: (img + my + me)(%h + Fol) = me(xci + yes) \3x¢ = (0.3)(10) =3m, Fy = 03ye = (0.3)(3) = 0.9m vy =(20ms)j, ve = -(25m5} (img my + me) = myv 4 + maven + MEN V = 0375v, +0.325vy + 0.3¥e Since the collided cars hit the pole at Data: From (1), From (2), kp = ph + pd xplt yp) = %i+ Tad + W Resolve into components, x: xp = ¥) + 0375v¢lp ~ O3velp w I p= Fy + O32SVgtp @ v4 = 129.6 km/h = 36mis, fp = 4s xp = 3+ (0.375)(36)(24) - (0.3)(25)(2.4) = 174m p= 0.9 + (0.325)(20)(2.4) = 16.5 m xp =1740m4 yp =16.50m4PROBLEM 14.113 In Prob. 14.107, determine the work done by the woman and by the man as each dives from the boat, assuming that the woman dives firs. SOLUTION Woman dives first. Kinetic energy before dive: Kinetic energy after di Work of woman: Conservation of momentum: HG. t Ge), = 120 300 +180 120 (16 — y,) - 300+ 89, - 0 8 g y= 209) «5.208% — 600 16 ~y, = 12.80 s— 1, 300 + 180, 2 1 120 2 7 = I (azo)? + 158 (12.80) = 381,61 R-lb T, ~ Ty = 381.61 8-1b T,-T, = 382f-b ‘Man dives next. Conservation of momentum: Kinetic energy before dive: Kinetic energy after dive: Work of man: i ce) 20, es ae = CSS 00, 10 200, a+ BE) 480y, + (180)(16) 480 16-920 = 6.80 's— = 9.20 fs — 1300 +180 (3.20) = 76.323 ft-lb = 523.53 ft-lb, n-T = 447.2 fb 447 ft-lbPROBLEM 14.114 ‘A rotary power plow is used to remove snow from a level section of railroad track. The plow car is placed ahead of an engine which propels it at a constant speed of 12 mi/h. The plow car clears 180 tons of snow per ite, projecting it in the direction shown with a velocity of 40 fU's relative to the plow car. Neglecting ftiction, determine (a) the force ‘exerted by the engine on the plow car, (6) the lateral force exerted by the track on the plow car. SOLUTION ‘Velocity of the plow: vp = 12min = 17.6 fis Velocity of thrown snow: v, = (40 fs)(cos30% + sin30°}) + (17.6 Rls) Mass flow rate: = 186.34 Ib-sift ‘1 dW _ (180ton/min)(2000 ib/ton) ag a (32.2.8/s*)(60 s/min) Let F be the force exerted on the plow and the snow. Apply impulse-momentum, noting thatthe snow is initially at rest and that the velocity of the plow is constant. Neglect gravity. (as) = (Am)y, dm F (4). = (186:34)(40c0s30°% + 40sin30° + 17.6k) = (6450 Ibi + (373018) j + (328016) k (a) Force exerted by engine. F, =32801b4 (6) Lateral force exerted by track. F, = 64501b-4PROBLEM 14.115 The stream of water shown flows at arate of 150 gal/min and moves with a velocity of magnitude 60 f¥/s at both A and B. The vane is supported by a pin and bracket at C and by a load cell at D which can exert only a horizontal force. Neglecting the weight of the vane, determine the tT components of the reactions at C and D(1 ft? = 7.48 gal). i SOLUTION ns ’ Mas flow rate: =. po = Lg = (Alb?) (150 galnin)( min) £ (32.2 fvs*)(7.48 gav*)(60 sec) Velocity vectors: Vp = 60fS << 40° Apply the impulse-momentum principle. lamer. Gie) lt), + = Oras Dae} cad £ Moments about C : 13 (am)v, +©D(ar) = 2 (4m)vqcos40° + £5 yp sind? 2 2 2 2 (4m . De 4( 22s cosso + 6.5vpsin40° ~ 1.54] 4(0.6477)[(8)(60c0840°) + (6.5)(60sin 40°) + (1.5)(60)] = 76.471 b D, = 76.51b-4 D,=04 ,(A8) + D(at) = ‘Am)v_.c0s40° acoso D = (0.6477)(60c0s40°) - 76.471 46.716 ~(Am)vg + C, (At) = (Am) yp sin 40° (0.6477)(60 + 60sin 40°) 63.81b <<PROBLEM 14.116 In order to shorten the distance required for landing, a jet ai 20° ‘equipped with moveable vanes which partially reverse the direction of the air discharged by each of its engines. Each engine scoops in the air at a ‘Ohh rate of 120 kg/s and discharges it with a velocity of 600 m/s relative to ‘a the engine, At an instant when the speed of the airplane is 270 knvh, . determine the reverse thrust provided by each of the engines. a0" SOLUTION ‘Apply the impulse - momentum principle to the moving air. Use a frame of reference that is moving airplane. Let F be the force on the air. v = 270kmh = 75 m/s 1 = 600 ms By mer _S s ie 7 tae’ kN By “(amv + F (as) = 20% usinaoe F = Sy + wsin20°) = ay + usin20°) F = (120)(75 + 600sin20°) = 33.6 10" N F =33.6kN — 4 Force on airplane is. —F.PROBLEM 14.117 ‘A space vehicle describing a circular orbit about the earth at a speed of Ge 2 serene ictar goue mas on inking 40 of Knowing it he fl is conramed tthe reo 20 kg/s and ejected with a relative velocity of 3000 m/s, determine (a) the tangential acceleration of the capsule as its engine is fired, (6) the ‘maximum speed attained by the capsule, SOLUTION Thrust = (20 ke/s)(3000 mvs) = 60x 10-N _P_x1P yy @ (ay = = Seay 1008 {B) Macnee tte ioe fn foal nat + fade — +f aan +«f(-*) o(-n2t) = vy + un ms ™ ot fae % Data: vp = 24M/h = 6.6667 x 10° mis = 3000 mis mg = 600 kg. 'm, = 600 ~ 400 = 200 kg. 9625 x 10° mis = 66667108 + 3000S 200 4 = 35.9 MhPROBLEM 14.118 A jet airliner is cruising at a speed of 600 mi/h with each of its three engines discharging air with a velocity of 2000 fts relative to the plane. Determine the speed of the airliner after it has lost the use of (a) one of its engines, (b) two of its engines. Assume that the drag due to air friction is proportional to the square of the speed and that the remaining engines keep operating atthe same rate SOLUTION Let vbe the airliner speed and u be the discharge relative velocity. = 2000 Us. Thrust formula for one engine: Fe eu -») Drag formula: D=k* Three engines working, ‘Cruising speed = vy = 600 mith = 880 fs dm ___ (880) ane e = 230.488 dt 3(u— ve) ~ 3(2000 — 880) (@) One engine fails. Two engines working. Cruising speed = am af - D =2(u—y)— bh} =0 (2)(230.48%)(2000 - »,) - in? vy? + 460,96y, ~ 921.92 x10? = 0 ¥, = 756.96 fs = 516min (®) Two engines fail. One engine working Cruising speed = vy am F-D= Tum) - bh} 0 (230.48k)(2000 v,) - 3 vj + 230.48, ~ 460.96 x 10° = 0 v, = ST3AL RS v= 391 mith