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Nicolas Acosta
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 1 / 28
Contenido
1 Pooled OLS
3 Efectos fijos
4 Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 2 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 3 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 3 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 3 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 3 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 3 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 3 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 3 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 4 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 4 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 4 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 4 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 4 / 28
Pooled OLS
Pooled OLS
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 4 / 28
Pooled OLS
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 5 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 5 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 5 / 28
Pooled OLS
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 5 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 5 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 5 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 5 / 28
Pooled OLS
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 6 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 6 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 6 / 28
Pooled OLS
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 6 / 28
Pooled OLS
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 6 / 28
Pooled OLS
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 7 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 7 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 7 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 7 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 7 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 7 / 28
Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 7 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 8 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 8 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 8 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 8 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 9 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 9 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 9 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 9 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 9 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 10 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
(1) (2)
1982 1988
Tax on Case of Beer 0.148 0.439
(1.12) (3.43)
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 11 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 12 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 12 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 12 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 12 / 28
Introducci
on a datos de panel
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 12 / 28
Efectos fijos
Antes y Despues
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 13 / 28
Efectos fijos
Antes y Despues
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 13 / 28
Efectos fijos
Antes y Despuesl
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 14 / 28
Efectos fijos
Antes y Despues
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 15 / 28
Efectos fijos
Antes y Despues
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 15 / 28
Efectos fijos
Antes y Despues
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 15 / 28
Efectos fijos
Antes y Despues
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 15 / 28
Efectos fijos
Antes y Despues
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 15 / 28
Efectos fijos
Efectos Fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 16 / 28
Efectos fijos
Efectos Fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 16 / 28
Efectos fijos
Efectos Fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 16 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 17 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 17 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 17 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 17 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 17 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 17 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 17 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 17 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 18 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 18 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 18 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 18 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 18 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 18 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 18 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 19 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 19 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 19 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 19 / 28
Efectos fijos
Y i = 0 + 1 Xi + i + i
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 20 / 28
Efectos fijos
Y i = 0 + 1 Xi + i + i
Donde:
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 20 / 28
Efectos fijos
Y i = 0 + 1 Xi + i + i
Donde:
1 PT
Yi = T i=1 Yit
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 20 / 28
Efectos fijos
Y i = 0 + 1 Xi + i + i
Donde:
1 PT
Yi = T i=1 Yit
1 PT
Xi = T i=1 Xit
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 20 / 28
Efectos fijos
Y i = 0 + 1 Xi + i + i
Donde:
1 PT
Yi = T i=1 Yit
T
X i = T1 i=1 Xit
P
i = T1 i=1 T it
P
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 20 / 28
Efectos fijos
Y i = 0 + 1 Xi + i + i
Donde:
1 PT
Yi = T i=1 Yit
T
X i = T1 i=1 Xit
P
i = T1 i=1 T it
P
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 20 / 28
Efectos fijos
Y i = 0 + 1 Xi + i + i
Donde:
1 PT
Yi = T i=1 Yit
T
X i = T1 i=1 Xit
P
i = T1 i=1 T it
P
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 20 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 21 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 21 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 21 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 21 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 21 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 21 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 22 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 22 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 22 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 22 / 28
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 23 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 23 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 23 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 23 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 23 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 23 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 23 / 28
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 24 / 28
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 24 / 28
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 24 / 28
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 24 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 24 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 24 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 24 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 25 / 28
Efectos fijos
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 25 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 25 / 28
Efectos fijos
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 25 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 26 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 26 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 26 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 26 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 26 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 26 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
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as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 26 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 26 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 26 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 26 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 27 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 27 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
(0, 1)
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 27 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
(0, 1)
Yit = Y it = 0 (1)+1 (Xit1 Y it )+k (Xik1 Y it )+(it i )
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 27 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
(0, 1)
Yit = Y it = 0 (1)+1 (Xit1 Y it )+k (Xik1 Y it )+(it i )
La barra superior denota los valores medios temporales; una
desviacion respecto a la media
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 27 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
(0, 1)
Yit = Y it = 0 (1)+1 (Xit1 Y it )+k (Xik1 Y it )+(it i )
La barra superior denota los valores medios temporales; una
desviacion respecto a la media
(T 1) 1 PN PT 1 PT
a2 = [ NT
2(k+1) ] i=1 t=1 s=t+1
it is
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 27 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
(0, 1)
Yit = Y it = 0 (1)+1 (Xit1 Y it )+k (Xik1 Y it )+(it i )
La barra superior denota los valores medios temporales; una
desviacion respecto a la media
(T 1) 1 PN PT 1 PT
a2 = [ NT
2(k+1) ] i=1 t=1 s=t+1
it is
Donde: it son los residuos de la estimaci
on por Pooled OLS
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 27 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
(0, 1)
Yit = Y it = 0 (1)+1 (Xit1 Y it )+k (Xik1 Y it )+(it i )
La barra superior denota los valores medios temporales; una
desviacion respecto a la media
(T 1) 1 PN PT 1 PT
a2 = [ NT
2(k+1) ] i=1 t=1 s=t+1
it is
Donde: it son los residuos de la estimaci
on por Pooled OLS
Ahora se puede estimar:
= a
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 27 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
se denomina estimador de
El estimador de GLS(MCG) que utiliza
efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 28 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 28 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 28 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 28 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 28 / 28
Efectos aleatorios
Efectos aleatorios
Nicol
as Acosta (PUCE) Preliminares: Datos de Panel September 14, 2016 28 / 28