IPA and English Vowels ~ AFI y las vocales ingleses

Esa tabla contiene todos los sonidos de las vocales inglesas con sus smbolos AFI y
smbolos estndares (Std). El smbulo estndar est usado en la mayora de los diccionarios
ingleses. Las palabras entre parntesis representan las transcripciones en el AFI.
Por cada sonido hay palabras en las cuales se puede ver donde y como ocure el sonido.
Haga clic en los ejemplos para escuchar los ficheros de sonido. Presta atencin a las letras
en negrita.
Los sonidos de las vocales inglesas
AFI Std
I

Ejemplos
dish
(dI )
plato

it
(I t)

she
( i)
ella

green
(g in)
verde

sunny
(s ni)
soleado

please
(pliz)
por favor

red
( d)
rojo

head
(h d)
cabeza

and
( nd)
y

plaid
(pl d)
escocs

hot
(h t)
caliente

father
(f
)
padre

August
( g st)
agosto

thaw
bought
(b t)
( )
descongelar comprado

lo [dudo]

machine
(m in)
mquina

said
(s d)
dicho

fall
(f l)
caer

put
(p t)
poner

book
(b k)
libro

should
( d)
[l] debiera

room
(rum)
cuarto

who
(hu)
quien

through
( ru)
por [la ventana]

you
(ju)
Ud./tu

two
(tu)
dos

July
( uli)
julio

shoe
( u)
zapato

flew
(flu)
volado

blue
(blu)
azul

fruit
(frut)
fruta

ecru
( kru)
beige

up
( p)
arriba

summer
(s m )
verano

tough
(t f)
duro

sofa
(s f )
sof

enemy
( n mi)
enemigo

incredible
(Ikr d b l)
increble

gallop
(g l p)
galope

focus
(f k s)
foco

El smbolo se llama schwa en ingls y vocal neutra en espaol.

Diptongos
eI

grape
(greIp)

gray
(g eI)

raining
(reInI)

uva

gris

lloviendo

freight
(freIt)
carga

they
( eI)
ellos

great
(greIt)
estupendo

fine
(faIn)
fino

aisle
(aIl)
pasillo

sight
(saIt)
vista

why
(waI)
por qu

bye
(baI)

lie
(laI)
mentira

guide
(gaId)
gua

buy
(baI)
comprar

oi

toy
(t )
juguete

noise
(n s)
ruido

ou

how
(h )
como

house
(h s)
casa

snowing
(sn wI)
nevando

sew
(s )
coser

though
(
)
aunque

hello
(h l )
buenos das

soap
(s p)
jabn

toe
(t )
dedo del pie

unite
(junaIt)
unir

humid
(hj mId
humido

few
(fju)
poco

ewe

youth

eulogy

rsum
(r zumei)
resumen
aI

ju

adis

(ju)
oveja

(ju )
juventud

(jul gi)
elogio

Diptongos que se terminan con "r"

arm
( m)
brazo

guard
g d)
guardia

heart
(h t)
corazn

sir
(s )
seor

learn
(l n)
aprender

October
( kt b
octubre

burn
(b n)
quemar

worm
(w m)
gusano

ore
( )
mineral

floor
(fl )
piso

four
(f )
cuatro

here
(h )
aqu

cheers
(
s)
ovaciones

hair
(h )
pelo

where
(w )
donde

mare
(m )
yegua

their
(
)
su [coche a ellos]

merry
(m i)
alegre

more
(m )
ms

near
(n )
cerca
pier
(p )
muelle

IPA and English Consonants ~ AFI y las consonantes ingleses

Esa tabla contiene todos los sonidos de las consonantes ingleses con sus smbolos AFI. Las
palabras entre parntesis representan las transcripciones en el AFI.
Haga clic en los ejemplos para escuchar los ficheros de sonido. Presta atencin a las letras
en negrita.
Las consonantes inglesas
AF
I
p

inicial

interna

final

please
(pliz)
por favor

purple
(p pl)
violeta

help
(h lp)
ayuda

apple
( pl)
manzana

grape
(greIp)

noble
(n bl)
de nobleza

web
(w b)
telaraa

book
(b k)
libro

raisin

cabbage
(k bIg)
repollo

five
(faIv)
cinco

phone
(f n)
telfono

vanilla

fifty
(fIfti)
cinquenta

gulf
(g lf)
golfo

raffle
(r fl)
rifa

off
( f)
apagado

hyphen
(haIf n)

nymph
(nImf)

guin

ninfa

roughly
(r fli)
bruscamente

tough
(t f)
duro

seven

five

(v nIl )
vainilla

(s v n)
siete

(faIv)

thirty
(
ti)
treinta

nothing
(n
I)
nada

path
(p
)
camino

they
( eI)
ellos

father
(f
)
padre

breathe
(bri )
respirar

ten
(t n)
diez

autumn
( t m)
otoo

hit
(hIt)
pegar

attain
( teIn)
lograr

mitt
(mIt)
mitn

eighty
(eIti)

freight
(freIt)

ochenta

carga

cinco

baked*
(beIkt)
al horno
white
(weIt)
blanco

dish
(dI )
plato

sir
(s )
seor

widow
(wId )
viuda

red
(r d)
rojo

adding
( dI)
aadiendo

guide
(g d)

thesis
( is s)
tesis

books
(b ks)
libros

gua

scissors
(sIz z)
tijeras

massage
(m s
)
masaje

miss
(mIs)
seorita

center
(s nt )
centro

December
(dIs mb )
diciembre

ice
(is)
hielo

psychology
(saIk l gi)
psicologa

six
(sIks)
seis
house
(h s)
casa

zero
(z
cero

freezing
(frizI)
congelacin

ooze
(uz)

fuzzy
(f zi)
velloso

jazz
(
z)
jazz

miser
(maIz
avaro

dishes
(dI z)
platos

xenophobe
exit
(z n f b) ( gzIt)
xenfobo
salida

rezumar

please
(pliz)
por favor

scissors
(sIz z)
tijeras
she
( i)
ella

mushroom
(m rum)
hongo

sure
(
)
seguro

pressure
(pr
)
presin

schist
( Ist)
esquisto

fascist
(f
Ist)
fascista

radish
(r dI )
rbano

genre
( nr )
gnero

tuition
(tuI n)
matrcula

cache
(k
)
cache

seizure
(si
)
ataque

garage
(g r )
garaje

fissure
(fI
)
hendidura
vision
(vI n)
vista
leisure
(li
)
ocio
cheers
(
s)
ovaciones

artichoke
( tI
k
artichofa

March
(m
)
marzo

picture
(pIk
)
cuadro

watch
(w
)
reloj

salto

major
(meI
mayor

gentle
(
ntl)
dulce

rigid
(rI Id)
rgido

jump
(
mp)

badger
(b
tejn
k

king
(kI)
rey

baker
(beIk )
panadero

)
cage
(keI )
jaula
)

bridge
(brI )
puente
pink
(pIk)
rosa

rocket
(r k t)
cohete
cold
(k ld)
fro

October
( kt b
octubre

queen
(kwin)
reina

equal
(ikw l)
igual

black
(bl k)
negro
attic
) ( tIk)
desvn

orchid
( kId)
orqudea
fix
(fIks)
arreglar

cake
(keIk)
pastel

broccoli
(br k li)
brcol
g

good
(g d)
bueno

August
( g st)
agosto

drag
(dr g)
arrastrar

foggy
(f gi)
brumoso
exotic
( gz tIk)
extico
m

May
(meI)
mayo

humid
(hjum d)
hmedo

ma'am
(m m)
seora

summer
(s m )
verano

autumn
( t m)
otoo
lamb
(l m)
cordero

no
(n
no

raining
(raInI)
lloviendo

green
(grin)
verde

pneumonia sunny
(n m nj ) (s ni)
neumona
soleado
knife
(naIf)
cuchara

unknown
( n n)
desconocido

fine
(faIn)

singer
(sI )
cantante

spring
(sprI)
primaver
a

pink
(pIk)
rosa
w

winter
(wInt )
invierno

snowing
(sn wI)
nevando

what
(w t)
qu

nowhere
(n w )
ninguna
parte

one
(w n)
uno
j

yellow
(j l )
amarillo

mayor
(meI )

unite
(junIt)
unir

beautiful
(bjutIf l)
bonito

hot

mishap

alcalde

fino

(h t)
caliente

(mIsh p)
contratiempo

look
(l k)
mirar

eleven
( l v n)
once

cool
(k l)
fresca

llama
(l m )
llama

hello
(h l )
buenos das

fall
(f l)
caer

red
(r d)
rojo

orange
(
n )
naranja

or
( )
o

merry
(m i)
alegre

purr
(p )
ronronear

English voiced and unvoiced consonants: Consonantes sonorizadas y sordas

ingleses
La mayora de las consonantes ingleses vienen en parejas. Por ejemplo la P y la B estn
producidas en el mismo lugar en la boca con la lengua en la misma posicin. La nica
diferencia es que P es sorda (no hay vibracin en las cuerdas vocales) mientras B es
sonorizada (hay vibracin en las cuerdas vocales). Para sentir la diferencia ponga la mano
sobre el exterior de la garganta al decir las consonantes.
Fjase tambin que la pareja principiante (p, b) se forma al anterior de la boca. Cada pareja
va siendo ms atrs hasta que la ltima pareja (k, g) se forma al fondo de la boca.
Esas consonantes son representadas usando el Alfabeto Fontico Internacional (AFI). Las
palabras en parntesis representan las transcripciones en el AFI.
Haga clic en los ejemplos para escuchar los ficheros de sonido. Preste atencin a las letras
en negrita.
AFI

Ejemplo
s

sordas
p

AFI

Ejemplo
s

sonorizadas
please
(pliz)
por
favor

book
(b k)
libros

five
(faIv)

cinco

thirty
(
ti)
treinta

vanilla
(v nIl )
vanilla

they
( eI)
ellos

ten
(t n)
diez

dish
(dI )
plato

sir
(s )
seor

zero
(z
cero

she
( i)
ella

genre
( nr )
gnero

cheers
(
s)
vtores

jump
(
mp)

king
(kI)
rey

salto

good
(g d)
bueno

Accept vs Except
These two English words are sometimes confused by native speakers. Please accept my
invitation to learn the difference with this lesson.
Accept
Accept is a verb that means "to receive, admit, regard as true, say yes."

I can't accept this gift.

He was accepted to Harvard.
Do you accept this theory?
My offer was immediately accepted.
He asked me to marry him, and I accepted.
The noun acceptance refers to the "act or process of accepting, approval, or agreement."
Except
Except is a preposition that means "excluding."
He bought a gift for everyone except me.
I know everyone here except the children.
Except is also a conjunction that means "if not for the fact that" or "other than."
I would help you, except I'm too busy.
He never calls me except to borrow money.
Except is a fairly uncommon verb that means "to leave out, exclude."
I hate lawyers, present company excepted.
Children are excepted from these rules.
The noun exception means "exclusion" or "one that is excepted."
The Bottom Line
The confusion between accept and except is due to their somewhat similar spelling and
pronunciation. In fact, it's rather strange that they do get confused, because the meaning of
accept and the meaning of except when used as a verb are more or less opposites.
In the majority of situations, when you want to use a verb, that verb is accept. Except is
rarely used as a verb, but when it is, it means "to leave out" not "to receive or agree to.

Addition vs Edition

These two English words are sometimes confused by native speakers. This lesson will
make a nice addition to your English understanding.
Addition
Addition refers to something that is added.
Are you good at addition? What's 754 plus 988?
He bought a car in addition to the truck he got last week.
The new addition on their house cost over fifty thousand dollars.
Edition
Edition refers to something that is edited/published.
The new edition of the book will be published next month.
Do you prefer the daily or weekly edition of the news?
He gave me a first edition of Alice in Wonderland.
The Bottom Line
The confusion between addition and edition is due to their somewhat similar spelling and
pronunciation. Their meanings, however, are completely unrelated. Addition has to do with
adding, while edition has to do with editing/publishing

Affect vs Effect
The English words affect and effect are often confused by native speakers - don't let their
mistakes affect your English.
Affect
Affect is a verb with several different meanings.
1. To have an influence on, contribute to a change in
What you do affects all of us

This decision will affect the outcome of the elections

Inflation is affected by natural disasters
2. To touch, move; to act on the emotions of
I was profoundly affected by this movie
His actions were not affected by her pleas
3. To simulate
He likes to affect a British accent
She always affected her eccentricity
In psychology, affect is a noun which refers to a "feeling" or "emotion":
Your son's lack of affect explains why you find it difficult to gauge his moods.
Effect
Effect is most commonly used as a noun, and has three meanings.
1. Result, something brought about by someone or something
What was the effect of her decision?
Side effects include nausea and fatigue
I don't think it will have any effect on the outcome
The law will go into effect tomorrow
You can clearly see the cause and effect
2. Something that gives the impression/sense of something else
The special effects were amazing
Mirrors will give the effect of a larger space
He said that just for effect

3. Effects can refer to belongings

Did you bring any personal effects?
As a verb, to effect means "to bring about, lead to a result"
The only way to effect change is to participate
What is the best way to effect these improvements?
This should effect a whole new way of thinking about it
The Bottom Line
The confusion between affect and effect comes out of the fact that affecting something leads
to an effect. The two questions "How were you affected?" and "What was the effect on
you?" mean almost exactly the same thing.
When you want to use one of these words as a noun, the one you want is probably effect.
When you want a verb, most of the time you want affect. Effect is used as a verb only when
it has a direct object and only when you mean "to bring about, lead to."
The difference between to affect and to effect can be seen here:
To affect the results - To influence, have an impact on the results
To effect the results - To bring about, lead to the (desired) results