iy Designation: D 1194 - 72 (Reapproved 1987)" Standard Test Method for Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load and Spread Footings' This stands ue ie Hse designation 119 vigil norton in the cise fees the year af at rex Superscript eal € ican a trial change since the bat re hes santa la boo - 1 or te he agente ot the Dapunient of lee Coma the DoD hy he mune snes fllssing the cation ince the ea of A umber i parentheses india the year of ast real, A ‘somo reappnat 1 of Siete nd Sunn br these se se hich has ented Pk: Prev Pte Ninn Sexton § 9a seis i Oxtober 1947. 1. Scope LI This test method covers estimation of the hearing capacity of soil in place by means of fickt loading tests. This test method is only a part of the necessary procedure for soil investigation for foundation design, It gives information on the soil only to a depth equal to about two diameters of the bearing plate, and takes into account only part of the effect of time. 2 The values. stated in regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, eper ations, cand equipment, This standard dees not purpert to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety: and healih practices. and determine she applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. nch-pound units are to be 2. Api 1 Loading Platforms or Bins of sufficient size and strength to supply the estimated total foad required or ‘equivalent means of supplying the total load reaction antici- pated. 2.2 Hydraulic or Mechanical Jack Assembly of sulficient capacity to provide and maintain the maximum estimated oad for the specific soil conditions involved, but nat less than 50 tons (440 KN) in any case, and at least one device. such as a pressure gage. electronic load cell. or proving ring. for measuring the force exerted by the jack. ‘The fore measuring devices should be capable of recording the load with an error not exceeding +2 % of the load increment used. 2.3 Bearing Plates—Three circular steel not fess than | in, (25 mm) in thickness and vary diameter from 12 to 30 in, (05 to 762 mm). including the minimum and maximum diameter specified or square steel bearing plates of equivalent area, As an alternative, thiee small concrete footings of the size mentioned or larger can be cast in-situ. Such footings must have a depth of not fess than two thirds of their width 24 Settlement-Recording Devices, such as dial gates. ca- * Vic tet mod is under the asain of ASTM Comnsitee Baan Sot Rock andi the dee responce Subeomitee PIL IO on Meare Tests Sain Pe Curent eon snpeved Mawh 111972. Pubic May 172. rg ted 6 194089 To Lat prin et BD HAL $9 118) on * steel shims, and other constr of measuring settlement af the test plates to an wy of a feast 0.01 in, (0.25 mmm 5. Miscellanenus -Apparasns, including loading columns, ion tools and equipment and loading appa- required for preparation of the test pi ratus, Norn 1—testin conditions, sscembles may sary widely. depending nj ‘quirements, and equipment asailable, The testing should he planned in advance and appeoved by ean permit considerable latitude ments noted above dnd outline in following est procedure. A typical assembly foe eandueting load teats ilusteate in Fig. | 3. Procedure 3A Selection of Test ase the selection of repre- sentative test areas for bearing tests on the results of exploratory borings and on the design requirements of the structure. Unless otherwise specified. make the load test at the elevation of the proposed footings and under the same conditions to which the proposed footings will be subjected, AL the selected elevation place the bearing plates at the same relative depths (depths expressed in plate diameters) as the iclual Tooting, Ireas— Now 2—boe fn aval ier permanently exeavated hase: iments the depth of the seta tings comst el asthe cept fron th trasement feel or depit over which the surcharge is permanent cing rather thar the dpi fom the gral sce Nott J-=IF the mentioned condition the met for practical reasons the tes 1 manpwopriate theory of fearing cas ce tale 3.2 Test Pits—AL least thice test locations are required and the distance hetween test locations shall not be less than five times the diameter of the largest plate used in the tests, Carefully tevel and clean the areas to be loaded by the test plates or footings so that the toads are transmitted over the rnfire contact areas on undisturbed soil, Prior to loading, protect test pits and areas agztinst moisture changes in the sel unless itis expected that welling of the soil will occur at some Future time, as in the case of hydraulic structares, In this case, prewel the soil in the area to the desired extent to deptit not less than twice the diameter of the Fargest bearing plate, 4B Lewding Planforms bins by cribbing or other suitable m ‘equal relative depth camino myst inexgveted bs 0 Also make enrections for the ty ff the shane and size of the footing and the elects of the water epi Support the loading platforms or 1 points as farremoved from the test area as practicable, and preferably not tess than 8 f1(2.4 m). The total load required for the test shall be available at the site before the testis started 3.4 Dead Load—Weigh and record as dead weight all equipment used, such as steel plates. loading column and jack, etc., that are to be placed on the test arca prior to the application of the load inerements. 35 Reference Bean—Independently support the beam supporting dial gages or other settlement-recording devices as far as practicable, but not less than 8 fi (2.4 m) from the center of the loaded area 3.6 Loud Increments—Apply. the load to the soit in cumukative equal increments of not more than 1.0 ton/tt? (95 kPa), oF of not more than one tenth of the estimated bearing of the arca being tested. Accurately measure each load, and apply it in such a manner that all of the load reaches the soil as a static load. without impact, fhretwation, or eccentricity, 37 Time Imerval of Loading—AMer the application of ach load increment. maintain the cumplative load for a selected time interval of not less than 15 min Nowe d—Longer time intervals may be determined by. maint the loud until the settlement has ceaeed oe the rate ofseltlement becomes Uniform, However. maintain any tyre of time interval so selected toe eats af any sees cach W in 28 Measurement of Settlemem—Keep a continuous record of all settlements. Make settlement measurements as soon as possible before and after the application of each load increment, and at such equal time intervals, while the load is, being held constant, as will provide not less than six settlement meastirements between load applications. 3.9. Termination of Tests—Continue cach test until a peak load is reached or until the ratio of load increment to settlement increment reaches a minimum. steady magni- tude. If sufficient load is available, continue the test until the total settlement reaches at Ieast 10% of the plate diameter, uuntess a well-defined failure load is observed. Afier comple~ tion of observations for the last Inad inerement, release this applied load in three approximately equal decrements, ae 1 Setup for Conducting Static Load Tests Continue recording rebound deflections until the deforma- tion ceases or for a period not smaller than the time intervat of loading. Notr $—The following alternative loading procedure is als pets: sie Apply the load 10 the soil in increments corresponding. te Seulement increments of approximately 0.5 % of the plate diameter ‘After the application of each settlement inerement, measure the Tod at some fined tine interval, for example, 30's, 1 min. 2 min, min. & min. nd 18 min. alice fone application, until the variation of the ad ceases for until the rate of variation of the Toad. on a toad vers Togssithin- ste becomes linea, Continue loading in cleete settlement ion of tees aril unloading are maule in the same ‘fine increments, Term manner as in 3.9. 4, Report 4.1 In addition to the continuous listing of all time, loud. and settlement data for each lest. as prescribed in Section 3, report all associated conditions and observations pertaining to the test. including the following: 41 Date, 4.1.2 List of personnel, 4.1.3 Weather conditions. Air temperature at time of load increments, and 5 Inegularity in routine procedure ata at 5. Precision and 5.1 The precision and bias of this test method for deter: mining the bearing capacity of soil in place by means of a field loading test has not been determined, No available methods provide absolute values for the bearing capacity of soil in place against which this method can be compared. The variability of the soil and the resulting disturbance of the soil under the loading plate do not allow for the repetitive duplication of test results required to obtain a meaningful statistical evaluation, The subcommittee is seeking pertinent data from users of this method which may be used to develop meaningful statements of precision and bias. 201