Solucions 07-08:

Hi ha diferents maneres de calcular una primitiva, aqu noms nindiquem una.

1.
a.

tan 3 x dx
tan x = t
dx = dt 2
1+t

canvi

3
tan 3 x dx = t dt2 =

1+t

2
t
dt = t 1 lnt 2 + 1 =
2
2
t +1
2

= 1 tan 2 x lntan 2 x + 1
2
b.

dx
3 sin 2 x + 5 cos 2 x
tan x = t
dx = dt 2
1+t

canvi

dx

=
2
3 sin x + 5 cos 2 x
3

1
15

dt

5
3t
5

dt
1 + t2
= 2dt
=
2
t
1
3t
+
5
3
+5
1 + t2
1 + t2
=

+1

1 arctan
15

3t
5

1 arctan
15

3
tan x
5

2.
a.

3
2
2x 2+ x +2 4 dx

x + 4

2x 3 + x 2 + 4 =
2
x 2 + 4

Ax + B
x2 + 4

+ Cx2 + D
x +4

2
2x 3 + x 2 + 4 = x + 4A Ax + B2x + Cx + D
2
2
x2 + 4
x 2 + 4
x 2 + 4

2x 3 + x 2 + 4 = Ax 2 2Bx + 4A + Cx + Dx 2 + 4
Igualant coeficients obtenim:
2=C
1 = A + D
0 = 2B + 4C
4 = 4A + 4D
Solucions:
A = 0, B = 4, C = 2, D = 1
3
2
2x 2+ x +2 4 dx = 2 4 + 2x 2+ 1 dx = 2 4 + lnx 2 + 4 + 1 arctan x
2
2
x +4
x 4
x +4
x + 4
1

b.

3x 3 10x 2 + 8x + 4 dx
x 1 2 x 2 + 4

3x 3 10x 2 + 8x + 4 =
A
+ B + Cx2 + D
x1
x +4
x 1 2 x 2 + 4
x 1 2

3x 3 10x 2 + 8x + 4 = Ax 2 + 4 + Bx 1x 2 + 4 + Cx + Dx 1 2 =
= B + Cx 3 + A B 2C + Dx 2 + 4B + C 2Dx + 4A 4B + D

Igualant coeficients,
3 = B+C
10 = A B 2C + D
8 = 4B + C 2D
4 = 4A 4B + D
Com que fent x = 1 en obtenim directament A = 1, noms
ens cal fer servir tres daquestes equacions. Solucions:
A = 1, B = 1, C = 4, D = 4

3x 3 10x 2 + 8x + 4 dx =
dx
dx + 4x2 4 dx =
x1
x +4
x 1 2 x 2 + 4
x 1 2
=

1 ln|x 1| + 2 lnx 2 + 4 + 2 arctan x

x1
2

1 ln
x1

x 2 + 4
|x 1|

+ 2 arctan x
2

3.
a.

x 2 sin x 3 cos x 3 dx
canvi

x3 = t
3x 2 dx = dt

2
x 2 sin x 3 cos x 3 dx = 1 sin t cos t dt = 1 sin t = 1 sin 2 x 3

b.

x
dx
= e 2xdx
16e x + 4e x
16e + 4

canvi

ex = t
e x dx = dt

e x dx
dt
dt
=
= 1
=
4 2t 2 + 1
16e 2x + 4
16t 2 + 4
= 1 arctan2t = 1 arctan2e x
8
8

4.
a.

e x cos 2 x dx = e x

1+cos 2x
2

dx =

1 e x + e x cos 2x dx
2
I

u = ex
v = cos 2x v = sin 2x
2
u = ex

x
I = e sin 2x 1 e x sin 2x dx
2
2

u = ex
v = sin 2x v = cos 2x
2
u = ex

x
x
I = e sin 2x 1 e cos 2x + 1 e x cos 2x dx
2
2
2
2
x
x
I = e sin 2x + e cos 2x 1 I
2
4
4
x
I = e 2 sin 2x + cos 2x
5
Conclusi:
x
e x cos 2 x dx = 1 e x + e5 2 sin 2x + cos 2x
2
x
e x cos 2 x dx = e 5 + 2 sin 2x + cos 2x
10

b.

x 2 sinln xdx
u = sinln x u = cosln x 1x
v = x2

3
v= x
3

3
I = x 2 sinln xdx = x sinln x 1 x 2 cosln xdx =
3
3

u = cosln x u = sinln x 1x
v = x2

x 3 sinln x 1
3
3

3
v= x
3

x 3 cosln x + 1 x 2 sinln xdx

3
3

3
3
= x sinln x x cosln x 1 I
3
9
9

Conclusi:
3
I = x 3 sinln x cosln x
10

5.
a.

x 2 2x
dx
x 1 3

Com que x 2 2x = x 1 2 1 fem el canvi:

x 1 = sec t
dx = tan t sec t dt

x 2 2x
dx =
x 1 3

tan t tan t sec t dt = sin 2 t dt =

sec 3 t

= 1 cos 2t dt = 1 t sin 2t
2
2
2
1
Com que cos t = 1
tenim t = arccos
x1
x1
i sin 2t = 2 sin t cos t = 2 cos t 1 cos 2 t =

2 x 2 2x
x 1 2

Resulta:
2
x 2x3 dx = 1 arccos

x 1

b.

1
x1

x 2 2x
1
2 x 1 2

dx
x4 x6 + 1
Canvi

x6 = t
x = t 1/6
dx = 1 t 5/6 dt
6

dx
=
x6 + 1

Canvi

1
6

2/3

dt
t 5/6 = 1
6
t+1 6

t 3/2 dt = 1
6
t+1

dt
t+1
t

1/2

t + 1 = z2 t =
1
t
z2 1
2z dz
dt =
2
2
z 1
2z
2
z 2 1

1
2
z 2 1

dz = z = 1
3
3
z

6
t+1 = x +1
t
3x 3