Artculo

Especial

lvaro David Campos Palomo*, Laura Deseada Campos Palomo*

Cuidados de Enfermera al
paciente con neumotrax
usando el Modelo AREA
5(680(1
6XIULUXQQHXPRWyUD[DWHQVLyQVXSRQHXQDDPHQD]DYLWDOSDUDHOSD
FLHQWH(QRWURVPXFKRVFDVRVVHUHVXHOYHGHPDQHUDHVSRQWiQHD
/D ODERU HQIHUPHUD HQ HVWRV FDVRV UHTXLHUH H[SHULHQFLD \ SHULFLD
SURIHVLRQDOSDUDJDUDQWL]DUHOp[LWRGHORVFXLGDGRVGHVDOXG+HPRV
GHVDUUROODGRXQSODQGHFXLGDGRVDXQSDFLHQWHGHDxRVGHQXHV
WUDXQLGDGFRQGLFKDSDWRORJtD(O3URFHVRGH$WHQFLyQGH(QIHUPHUtD
3$( HVWi DMXVWDGR DO OHQJXDMH HVWDQGDUL]DGR \ FRGLFDGR VHJ~Q
ORVGLDJQyVWLFRVGHOD1RUWK$PHULFDQ1XUVLQJ'LDJQRVLV$VVRFLDWLRQ
1$1'$ORVREMHWLYRVGHOD1XUVLQJ2XWFRPHV&ODVVLFDWLRQ12&

680$5<
6XIIHUIURPDWHQVLRQQHXPRWKRUD[LVDOLIHWKUHDWHQLQJVLWXDWLRQIRU
WKHSDWLHQW,QPDQ\RWKHUFDVHVLWUHVROYHVVSRQWDQHRXVO\2XU1XU
VLQJMRELQWKHVHFDVHVUHTXLUHVH[SHULHQFHDQGH[SHUWLVHWRHQVXUH
WKHVXFFHVVRIWKHKHDOWKFDUH:HDUHJRLQJWRGHYHORSDFDUHSODQ
DERXWD\HDUVROGSDWLHQWDGPLWWHGLQRXUXQLWZLWKWKLVSDWKRORJ\
7KH 1XUVLQJ &DUH 3URFHVV LV VHW ZLWK WKH FRGLHG DQG VWDQGDUGLH
]HGODQJXDMHXVHGLQ1RUWK$PHULFDQ1XUVLQJ'LDJQRVLV$VVRFLDWLRQ
1$1'$GLDJQRVLV1XUVLQJ2XWFRPHV&ODVVLFDWLRQ12&RXWFR

\ODVLQWHUYHQFLRQHVGHOD1XUVLQJ,QWHUYHQWLRQV&ODVVLFDWLRQ1,&
WRGRHOORJXLDGRSRUHO0RGHORGH$QiOLVLVGH5HVXOWDGRGHO(VWDGR
$FWXDO 0RGHOR$5($ TXH DUURMy XQD PHMRUtD HQ HO   GH ORV
SDUiPHWURV HVWXGLDGRV OR TXH TXLHUH GHFLU TXH GLFKR 0RGHOR JXtD
QXHVWURTXHKDFHUGLDULR\QRVD\XGDDFRQVHJXLUHOp[LWRHQQXHVWUDV
LQWHUYHQFLRQHV
3$/$%5$6&/$9(
'UHQDMHWRUiFLFR(YDOXDFLyQ)DVHGLDJQyVWLFD,QWHUYHQFLRQHV0RGH
OR$5($2EMHWLYRV1HXPRWyUD[DWHQVLyQ9DORUDFLyQGH(QIHUPHUtD

PHV DQG 1XUVLQJ ,QWHUYHQWLRQV &ODVVLFDWLRQ LQWHUYHQWLRQV 1,& DOO

JXLGHGE\WKH5HVXOWV$QDO\VLVRIWKH&XUUHQW6WDWH0RGHO5$&6
\LHOGLQJ D  LPSURYHPHQW RI WKH SDUDPHWHUV VWXGLHG ZKLFK
PHDQVWKDWWKLVPRGHOJXLGHVRXUGDLO\ZRUNDQGKHOSVXVWRDFKLHYH
VXFFHVVLQRXULQWHUYHQWLRQV
.(<:25'6
'LDJQRVWLF 3KDVH (YDOXDWLRQ ,QWHUYHQWLRQV 1XUVLQJ DVVHVVPHQW
2XWFRPHV5$&60RGHO7HQVLRQQHXPRWKyUD[7KRUDFLF'UDLQDJH

&DVRFOtQLFR

 2EVHUYDFLyQ\HQWUHYLVWDGHHQIHUPHUtD

3DFLHQWHGHDxRVTXHLQJUHVDHQHOVHUYLFLRGH
XUJHQFLDV FRQ GRORU WRUiFLFR \ GLFXOWDG UHVSLUDWRULD
&RQ HO HTXLSR PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU VH GLDJQRVWLFy GH QHX
PRWyUD[HVSRQWiQHR\VHOHFRORFyXQWXERGUHQDMHWR
UiFLFR$TXtLQFOXLUHPRVODLQIRUPDFLyQUHOHYDQWHSDUD
HOSDFLHQWHFRQGLFKDSDWRORJtDRULHQWDGR\JXLDGRSRU
HO0RGHOR$5($

5HVSLUDWRULR

 &LDQRVLVFHQWUDO\SHULIpULFD

 'LVQHD3DWUyQUHVSLUDWRULRDOWHUDGR

 7RVH[SHFWRUDQWHVLQKHPRSWLVLV

 'LQiPLFDYHQWLODWRULDDVLPpWULFD

&DUGLRYDVFXODU

9DORUDFLyQGHHQIHUPHUtDDOLQJUHVR

 9HQDV\XJXODUHVGLVWHQGLGDV

 'RORUWRUiFLFR

 2WURVKDOOD]JRV

 $OWHUDFLyQQHUYLRVD\FRQIXVLyQ

6H EDVy HQ OD UHFRJLGD GH LQIRUPDFLyQ TXH QRV

SXHGHSURSRUFLRQDUODREVHUYDFLyQ\ODHQWUHYLVWDHQ
IHUPHUDWDQWRFRQHOSDFLHQWHFRPRFRQVXVIDPLOLDUHV
HOH[DPHQItVLFRSURIHVLRQDODVtFRPRODUHYLVLyQGHVX
KLVWRULD

*Enfermera. Urgencias. Hospital Universitario Virgen

de la Victoria de Mlaga

20

 ([DPHQItVLFR\H[SORUDFLyQGHHQIHUPHUtD


5HVSLUDWRULR

 $XVHQFLDGHUXLGRUHVSLUDWRULRHQHOODGRDIHFWR

 &DtGDGHODVDWXUDFLyQGHR[tJHQRHQVDQJUHDO

 'HVYLDFLyQWUDTXHDO
Enfermera Docente 2012; 98: 20-25

lvaro David Campos Palomo*, Laura Deseada Campos Palomo*

&DUGLRYDVFXODU

 7DTXLFDUGLDGHSXOVDFLRQHVSRUPLQXWRHKL
SRWHQVLyQGHPP+J

 'LVPLQXFLyQGHOUXLGRFDUGtDFR

Artculo

Especial

)DFWRUHV5HODFLRQDGRV


 &DPELRVHQODPHPEUDQDDOYHRODUFDSLODU

 'HVHTXLOLEULRYHQWLODFLyQSHUIXVLyQ
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDV'HQLWRULDV

 *DVRPHWUtDDUWHULDODQRUPDO

 $QWHFHGHQWHPpGLFRGHQHXPRWyUD[GHUHFKRHQ
HODxR

 )UHFXHQFLD ULWPR \ SURIXQGLGDG UHVSLUDWRULRV

DQRUPDOHV

 &RQIXVLyQ\DJLWDFLyQ

 1RWLHQHDQWHFHGHQWHVTXLU~UJLFRVGHLQWHUpV

 'LVQHD

 1RWLHQHDOHUJLDVPHGLFDPHQWRVDVFRQRFLGDV

 7DTXLFDUGLD

 1RIXPD\UHDOL]DGHSRUWHFRQIUHFXHQFLD

 /DELOLGDG SVLFRPHQWDO WDQWR GHO SDFLHQWH FRPR

GHVXVIDPLOLDUHV

'RORUDJXGR

 5HYLVLyQGHODKLVWRULDPpGLFD\HQWUHYLVWDFRQIDPL
OLDUHV


'LDJQyVWLFRVGHHQIHUPHUtD
8QD YH] UHDOL]DGD QXHVWUD YDORUDFLyQ HO GLDJQyV
WLFRPpGLFRGHQHXPRWyUD[HVSRQWiQHR\KDELpQGRVH
FRORFDGRHOWXERWRUiFLFRKHPRVSODQWHDGRDTXtFLQFR
GLDJQyVWLFRVGHHQIHUPHUtDFRGLFDGRVHQOD1$1'$
&RQODD\XGDGHO0RGHORGH$QiOLVLVGH5HVXOWDGRGHO
(VWDGR$FWXDO02'(/2$5($GHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH
$QGRUUDYDPRVDLGHQWLFDUHOSULQFLSDO\HV
FRQ HO TXH YDPRV D WUDEDMDU \D TXH ODV DFWLYLGDGHV
SURIHVLRQDOHV HQFDGHQDGDV D UHVROYHUOR KDUi TXH VH
VROXFLRQHQORVRWURVFXDWUR
/RVGLDJQyVWLFRVSULQFLSDOHVGHHQIHUPHUtDLGHQWL
FDGRVVRQORVVLJXLHQWHV
'HWHULRURGHOLQWHUFDPELRJDVHRVR
'HQLFLyQ$OWHUDFLyQSRUH[FHVRRSRUGHIHFWRHQOD
R[LJHQDFLyQRHQODHOLPLQDFLyQGHOGLy[LGRGHFDUERQR
DWUDYpVGHODPHPEUDQDDOYHRODUFDSLODU
Enfermera Docente 2012; 98: 20-25

'HQLFLyQ ([SHULHQFLD VHQVLWLYD \ HPRFLRQDO GHV

DJUDGDEOHRFDVLRQDGDSRUXQDOHVLyQWLVXODUUHDORSR
WHQFLDO R GHVFULWD HQ WDOHV WpUPLQRV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO$V
VRFLDWLRQIRUWKH6WXG\RI3DLQLQLFLRV~ELWRROHQWRGH
FXDOTXLHULQWHQVLGDGGHOHYHDJUDYHFRQXQQDODQWL
FLSDGRRSUHYLVLEOH\XQDGXUDFLyQPHQRUGHPHVHV
)DFWRUHV5HODFLRQDGRV


 $JHQWHVOHVLYRVItVLFRV
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHQLWRULDV

 2EVHUYDFLyQGHHYLGHQFLDVGHGRORU

 3RVLFLyQSDUDHYLWDUHOGRORU

 ,QIRUPHYHUEDOGHGRORU

5LHVJRGHLQIHFFLyQ
'HQLFLyQ$XPHQWRGHOULHVJRGHVHULQYDGLGRSRU
PLFURRUJDQLVPRVSDWyJHQRV
)DFWRUHVGH5LHVJR


 $OWHUDFLyQGHODVGHIHQVDVSULPDULDVURWXUDGH
ODSLHO

21

Artculo

Especial

lvaro David Campos Palomo*, Laura Deseada Campos Palomo*

 3URFHGLPLHQWRVLQYDVLYRV

 ,QVXFLHQFLDGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVSDUDHYLWDUODH[
SRVLFLyQDORVDJHQWHVSDWyJHQRV

&RQRFLPLHQWRVGHFLHQWHVVREUHODHQIHUPH
GDG\WUDWDPLHQWR
'HQLFLyQ &DUHQFLD R GHFLHQFLD GH LQIRUPDFLyQ
FRJQLWLYDUHODFLRQDGDFRQXQWHPDHVSHFtFR
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHQLWRULDV


 6HJXLPLHQWRLQH[DFWRGHODVLQVWUXFFLRQHV

 9HUEDOL]DFLyQGHOSUREOHPD
)DFWRUHVUHODFLRQDGRV

 3RFDIDPLOLDULGDGFRQORVUHFXUVRVSDUDREWHQHU
ODLQIRUPDFLyQ

 0DODLQWHUSUHWDFLyQGHODLQIRUPDFLyQ

$IURQWDPLHQWRIDPLOLDULQFDSDFLWDQWH
'HQLFLyQ&RPSRUWDPLHQWRGHXQDSHUVRQDVLJQL
FDWLYD IDPLOLDU X RWUDSHUVRQD GH UHIHUHQFLD TXH LQ
KDELOLWDVXVSURSLDVFDSDFLGDGHV\ODVGHOFOLHQWHSDUD
DERUGDUHIHFWLYDPHQWHWDUHDVHVHQFLDOHVSDUDODDGDS
WDFLyQDOUHWRGHVDOXG
&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVGHQLWRULDV

5HVXOWDGRVVXJHULGRV
 (VWDGRUHVSLUDWRULRLQWHUFDPELRJDVHRVR
'HQLFLyQ ,QWHUFDPELR DOYHRODU GH &22 SDUD
PDQWHQHUODVFRQFHQWUDFLRQHVGHJDVHVDUWHULDOHV
,QGLFDGRUHV


GDPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR




 (VWDGRUHVSLUDWRULRYHQWLODFLyQ
'HQLFLyQ0RYLPLHQWRGHHQWUDGD\VDOLGDGHODLUH
HQORVSXOPRQHV
,QGLFDGRUHV



 +DEODU VREUH ORV VLJQRV GH HQIHUPHGDG GHO

FOLHQWH

)DFWRUHVUHODFLRQDGRV

2EMHWLYRVGHOD12&SDUDHOGLDJQyVWLFRGHWHULRUR
GHOLQWHUFDPELRJDVHRVR1$1'$

22

 3URIXQGLGDGGHODUHVSLUDFLyQ3XQWXD
FLyQ*UDYHPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

 3VLFRVRPDWL]DFLyQ

&RPRVHKDVHxDODGRDQWHULRUPHQWHORVREMHWLYRV
FRGLFDGRVHQOD12&ODVDFWLYLGDGHV\ODHYDOXDFLyQ
QDO GH HQIHUPHUtD LUiQ HQFDPLQDGRV D OD UHVROXFLyQ
GHO GLDJQyVWLFR SULQFLSDO \D TXH FRQ ODV LQWHUYHQFLR
QHV SURSXHVWDV SDUD pVWH VROXFLRQDUHPRV ORV RWURV
FXDWUR SUREOHPDV LGHQWLFDGRV 7DQWR ORV REMHWLYRV
FRPRODHYDOXDFLyQQDOGHOSURFHVRKDQVLGRSXQWXD
GRVGHOXQRDOFLQFRGHPiVJUDYHDPHQRVSDUDDVt
FRPSUREDU OD HFDFLD GH QXHVWURV FXLGDGRV XQD YH]
WHUPLQDGRVORVPLVPRV

  ,QTXLHWXG 3XQWXDFLyQ  0RGHUDGD

PHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

3ODQLFDFLyQGHHQIHUPHUtD

  'LVQHD HQ UHSRVR 3XQWXDFLyQ  *UD

YHPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

 3UHRFXSDFLyQ SRU HO FOLHQWH H[FHVLYD \ SURORQ

JDGD

 'LVFUHSDQFLD GLVRQDQWH GH HVWLORV GH DIURQWD

PLHQWRSDUDKDFHUIUHQWHDODVWDUHDVDGDSWDWL
YDVHQWUHODSHUVRQDVLJQLFDWLYD\HOFOLHQWH

  3K $UWHULDO 3XQWXDFLyQ  6XVWDQFLDO

PHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

 (VWDGRPHQWDO3XQWXDFLyQ0RGHUD

  ([SDQVLyQ WRUiFLFD VLPpWULFD 3XQWXD

FLyQ*UDYHPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

  ([SXOVLyQ GH DLUH 3XQWXDFLyQ  6XV

WDQFLDOPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR
  $XVFXOWDFLyQ GH UXLGRV UHVSLUDWRULRV
3XQWXDFLyQ*UDYHPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR
 8WLOL]DFLyQGHORVP~VFXORVDFFHVRULRV
3XQWXDFLyQ6XVWDQFLDOPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

 6LJQRVYLWDOHV
'HQLFLyQ*UDGRHQHOTXHODWHPSHUDWXUDHOSXO
VRODUHVSLUDFLyQ\ODSUHVLyQVDQJXtQHDHVWiQGHQWUR
GHOUDQJRQRUPDO
,QGLFDGRUHV


  )UHFXHQFLD UHVSLUDWRULD 3XQWXDFLyQ 

'HVYLDFLyQVXVWDQFLDOGHOUDQJRQRUPDO

 )UHFXHQFLDGHOSXOVRUDGLDO3XQWXDFLyQ
'HVYLDFLyQPRGHUDGDGHOUDQJRQRUPDO

 3UHVLyQDUWHULDOVLVWyOLFD3XQWXDFLyQ
'HVYLDFLyQPRGHUDGDGHOUDQJRQRUPDO

 3UHVLyQDUWHULDOVLVWyOLFD3XQWXDFLyQ
'HVYLDFLyQPRGHUDGDGHOUDQJRQRUPDO
Enfermera Docente 2012; 98: 20-25

lvaro David Campos Palomo*, Laura Deseada Campos Palomo*

(MHFXFLyQGHHQIHUPHUtD
8QDYH]SODQWHDGRVORVREMHWLYRVSURSXHVWRVSRUOD
12& SDUD HVWH SDFLHQWH PH GHGLFDUp D VHxDODU DTXt
ODVDFWLYLGDGHVUHFRJLGDV\FRGLFDGDVHQOD1,&TXHOH
IXHURQUHDOL]DGDVSRUSDUWHGHOHTXLSRGHHQIHUPHUtD\
TXHLEDQHQFDPLQDGDVDUHVROYHUHOSUREOHPDSULQFLSDO
VHxDODGRDQWHULRUPHQWH
,QWHUYHQFLRQHVHQIHUPHUDVUHDOL]DGDVSDUDODUHVR
OXFLyQGHOSUREOHPDGHWHULRURGHOLQWHUFDPELRJDVHRVR
1$1'$
 0DQHMRGHODVYtDVDpUHDV
'HQLFLyQ$VHJXUDUODSHUPHDELOLGDGGHODYtDDpUHD


 &RORFDFLyQGHOSDFLHQWHHQODSRVLFLyQTXHSHU
PLWLy TXH HO SRWHQFLDO GH YHQWLODFLyQ IXHUD HO
Pi[LPRSRVLEOH

 $XVFXOWDFLyQGHVRQLGRVUHVSLUDWRULRVREVHUYDQ
GRODViUHDVGHGLVPLQXFLyQRDXVHQFLDGHYHQWL
ODFLyQ

 $GPLQLVWUDFLyQ GH WUDWDPLHQWRV FRQ DHURVRO VH

J~QLQGLFDFLyQIDFXOWDWLYD

 $GPLQLVWUDFLyQ GH R[tJHQR KXPLGLFDGR VHJ~Q

LQVWUXFFLyQPpGLFD

Artculo

Especial

 6HUHDOL]yHOVHJXLPLHQWRGHORVLQIRUPHVUDGLR
OyJLFRV

 2[LJHQRWHUDSLD
'HQLFLyQ $GPLQLVWUDFLyQ GH R[tJHQR \ FRQWURO GH
VXHFDFLD


 3UHSDUDFLyQGHOHTXLSRGHR[tJHQR\VHDGPLQLV
WUyDWUDYpVGHXQVLVWHPDKXPLGLFDGR

 9LJLODQFLD GHO XMR GH OLWUR GH R[tJHQR VX SRVL

FLyQ \ VH FRPSUREy SHULyGLFDPHQWH TXH HO GLV
SRVLWLYRDGPLQLVWUDEDODFRQFHQWUDFLyQSUHVFULWD

 6HLQVWUX\yDOSDFLHQWHDFHUFDGHODLPSRUWDQFLD
GHGHMDUHOGLVSRVLWLYRGHDSRUWHGHR[tJHQRHQ
FHQGLGR

 2EVHUYDFLyQGHORVSRVLEOHVVLJQRVGHKLSRYHQ
WLODFLyQRWR[LFLGDGSRUR[tJHQR

 2EVHUYDFLyQGHODDQVLHGDGGHOSDFLHQWHUHODFLR
QDGDFRQODQHFHVLGDGGHODWHUDSLDGHR[tJHQR

 &XLGDGRVGHOGUHQDMHWRUiFLFR
'HQLFLyQ$FWXDFLyQDQWHXQSDFLHQWHFRQXQGLVSR
VLWLYRGHGUHQDMHWRUiFLFR

 0RQLWRUL]DFLyQUHVSLUDWRULD
'HQLFLyQ 5HXQLyQ \ DQiOLVLV GH GDWRV GH XQ SD
FLHQWH SDUD DVHJXUDU OD SHUPHDELOLGDG GH ODV YtDV Dp
UHDV\HOLQWHUFDPELRJDVHRVRDGHFXDGR


 9LJLODQFLDGHODIUHFXHQFLDULWPRSURIXQGLGDG\
HVIXHU]RGHODVUHVSLUDFLRQHV

 $QRWDFLyQGHORVPRYLPLHQWRVWRUiFLFRVREVHU
YDQGRODVLPHWUtDXWLOL]DFLyQGHP~VFXORVDFFH
VRULRV\UHWUDFFLRQHVGHP~VFXORVLQWHUFRVWDOHV
\VXSUDFODYLFXODUHVDVtFRPRODDSDULFLyQGHIDWL
JDPXVFXODUGLDIUDJPiWLFD

 6HREVHUYyVLVHSURGXFHQUHVSLUDFLRQHVUXLGRVDV

 &RQWUROGHOHVTXHPDGHUHVSLUDFLyQEUDGLSQHD
WDTXLSQHDKLSHUYHQWLODFLyQ

 3DOSDFLyQSDUDFRQWUROGHODH[SDQVLyQSXOPRQDU

 6HDQRWyODXELFDFLyQGHODWUiTXHD

 6HREVHUYyVLDXPHQWDODLQWUDQTXLOLGDG DQVLH
GDGRIDOWDGHDLUH

 $QRWDFLyQGHORVFDPELRVGH6D2\&2\ORV
FDPELRVGHORVYDORUHVHQVDQJUHDUWHULDO

 $QRWDFLyQGHODDSDULFLyQFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV\GXUD
FLyQGHODWRV

 9LJLODQFLD GH ODV VHFUHFLRQHV UHVSLUDWRULDV GHO

SDFLHQWH

Enfermera Docente 2012; 98: 20-25

1RVDVHJXUDPRVGHTXHWRGDVODVFRQH[LRQHV
GHORVWXERVHVWDEDQUPHPHQWHMDGDV

6HREVHUYyOD
SRVLFLyQGHOWXER
PHGLDQWHLQIRUPH
UDGLRJUiFR

23

Artculo

Especial

lvaro David Campos Palomo*, Laura Deseada Campos Palomo*

 6H REVHUYy SHULyGLFDPHQWH OD FRUULHQWHVDOLGD

GHOWXERWRUiFLFR\ODVIXJDVGHDLUH

SHUFHSWLEOHVTXHLQWHUHUDQHQHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODV
H[LJHQFLDV\SDSHOHVGHODYLGDFRWLGLDQD

 2EVHUYDFLyQ GH VL KD\ EXUEXMDV HQ OD FiPDUD

GH DVSLUDFLyQ GHO VLVWHPD GH GUHQDMH GHO WXER
WRUiFLFR\FRUULHQWHVHQODFiPDUDKHUPpWLFD

 9DORUDFLyQ GHO LPSDFWR GH OD VLWXDFLyQ YLWDO GHO

SDFLHQWHHQORVSDSHOHV\UHODFLRQHV

 9DORUDFLyQGHODFRPSUHQVLyQGHOSDFLHQWHGHO
SURFHVRGHHQIHUPHGDG

 8WLOL]DFLyQGHXQHQIRTXHVHUHQRGHUHDUPDFLyQ

 $\XGDUDOSDFLHQWHDGHVDUUROODUXQDYDORUDFLyQ
REMHWLYDGHODFRQWHFLPLHQWR

 3URSRUFLRQDUDOSDFLHQWHLQIRUPDFLyQREMHWLYDUHV
SHFWRGHOGLDJQyVWLFRWUDWDPLHQWR\SURQyVWLFR

 )RPHQWRHOGRPLQLRJUDGXDOGHODVLWXDFLyQ

 )DYRUHFHUODVUHODFLRQHVFRQSHUVRQDVTXHWHQ
JDQLQWHUHVHV\REMHWLYRVFRPXQHV

 )DYRUHFHUODVVLWXDFLRQHVTXHIRPHQWDUDQODDX
WRQRPtDGHOSDFLHQWH

 6HDOHQWyODPDQLIHVWDFLyQGHVHQWLPLHQWRVSHU
FHSFLRQHV\PLHGRV

 $QLPDUDOSDFLHQWHDLGHQWLFDUVXVSXQWRVIXHU
WHV\VXVFDSDFLGDGHV

 'LVPLQXFLyQORVHVWtPXORVGHODPELHQWHTXHSR
GUtDQVHUPDOLQWHUSUHWDGRVFRPRDPHQD]DGRUHV

 $QLPDUDODLPSOLFDFLyQIDPLOLDU

 $OHQWDUDODIDPLOLDDPDQLIHVWDUVXVVHQWLPLHQ
WRVSRUHOPLHPEURIDPLOLDUHQIHUPR

 $\XGDU DO SDFLHQWH D FODULFDU ORV FRQFHSWRV

HTXLYRFDGRV

 6HPRQLWRUL]yODSHUPHDELOLGDGGHOWXERWRUiFL
FRGHVPRQWDQGRHLQVSHFFLRQDQGRSpUGLGDVGHO
WXER

 2EVHUYDFLyQGHVLKD\FUHSLWDFLyQDOUHGHGRUGH
OD]RQDGHLQVHUFLyQGHOWXERWRUiFLFR

 6HREVHUYy\UHJLVWUyHOYROXPHQWRQRFRORU\
FRQVLVWHQFLDGHOGUHQDMHGHOSXOPyQ

 2EVHUYDFLyQGHVLJQRVGHLQIHFFLyQ

6HOLPSLyOD]RQD
DOUHGHGRUGHOVLWLR
GHLQVHUFLyQGHO
WXER

 1RV DVHJXUDPRV GH TXH HO VLVWHPD SOHXUHYDF

GHO WXER WRUiFLFR VH PDQWXYR HQ XQD SRVLFLyQ
YHUWLFDO

(YDOXDFLyQGHHQIHUPHUtD
/DTXLQWDSDUWHGHQXHVWUR3$(ODYDPRVDEDVDU
HQODSXQWXDFLyQUHVHxDGDHQOD3ODQLFDFLyQGH(QIHU
PHUtD 7RGRV ORV LQGLFDGRUHV IXHURQ SXQWXDGRV DQWHV
GHUHDOL]DUQXHVWURVFXLGDGRVSURIHVLRQDOHV\XQDYH]
UHDOL]DGRVQRVGLVSRQHPRVDSXQWXDUORVGHQXHYRFRQ
HOREMHWLYRGHYDORUDUVLQXHVWURWUDEDMRKDVLGRHFD]
VLQRORKDVLGRHQTXpiUHDVKD\TXHPHMRUDURVLWH
QHPRVTXHUHRULHQWDUOR
6HFDPELyHO
VLVWHPDFXDQGRIXH
QHFHVDULR

,QWHUYHQFLRQHV DGLFLRQDOHV GH HQIHUPHUtD UHDOL]D

GDVSDUDODUHVROXFLyQGHOSUREOHPDGHWHULRURGHOLQWHU
FDPELRJDVHRVR1$1'$

(YDOXDFLyQGHORVREMHWLYRVSURSXHVWRVSRUOD12&
SDUDHOGLDJQyVWLFRGHWHULRURGHOLQWHUFDPELRJDVHRVR
1$1'$XQDYH]UHDOL]DGDVODVLQWHUYHQFLRQHV
\DFWLYLGDGHVHQIHUPHUDV
5HVXOWDGRVVXJHULGRV
 (VWDGRUHVSLUDWRULRLQWHUFDPELRJDVHRVR

 $XPHQWDUHODIURQWDPLHQWR
&yGLJR1,&'HQLFLyQ$\XGDUDOSDFLHQWHDDGDS
WDUVHDORVIDFWRUHVHVWUHVDQWHVFDPELRVRDPHQD]DV

24

,QGLFDGRUHV



 (VWDGRPHQWDO
 3XQWXDFLyQ3/HYHPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR
Enfermera Docente 2012; 98: 20-25

lvaro David Campos Palomo*, Laura Deseada Campos Palomo*

 3K$UWHULDO

 'LVQHDHQUHSRVR

3/HYHPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR
30RGHUDGDPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

 ,QTXLHWXG

 (VWDGRUHVSLUDWRULRYHQWLODFLyQ
,QGLFDGRUHV


 3URIXQGLGDGGHODUHVSLUDFLyQ

30RGHUDGDPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

 ([SDQVLyQWRUiFLFDVLPpWULFD

30RGHUDGDPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

 ([SXOVLyQGHDLUH

Especial




 3UHVLyQDUWHULDOVLVWyOLFD
 3'HVYLDFLyQOHYHGHOUDQJRQRUPDO




 3UHVLyQDUWHULDOVLVWyOLFD
 36LQGHVYLDFLyQGHOUDQJRQRUPDO

&RQFOXVLRQHV

36LQFRPSURPLVR

Artculo

30RGHUDGDPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

 $XVFXOWDFLyQGHUXLGRVUHVSLUDWRULRV

 8WLOL]DFLyQGHORVP~VFXORVDFFHVRULRV

36XVWDQFLDOPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR
36XVWDQFLDOPHQWHFRPSURPHWLGR

 6LJQRVYLWDOHV
,QGLFDGRUHV


 )UHFXHQFLDUHVSLUDWRULD

3'HVYLDFLyQOHYHGHOUDQJRQRUPDO

 )UHFXHQFLDGHOSXOVRUDGLDO

3'HVYLDFLyQOHYHGHOUDQJRQRUPDO

3RGHPRVFRPSUREDUTXHHQHOGHORVLQGL
FDGRUHVHVWXGLDGRVKDKDELGRPHMRUtD(VRQRVLQGLFD
TXHHO3$(KDHVWDGRELHQRULHQWDGR\TXHODVDFWXD
FLRQHVSURIHVLRQDOHVKDQHVWDGRFRUUHFWDPHQWHHQFDX
]DGDVKDFLDODUHVROXFLyQGHOGLDJQyVWLFRSULQFLSDOTXH
LGHQWLFDPRV
3RU OR WDQWR SRGHPRV DUPDU TXH WHQHPRV XQ
PRGHOR ~WLO XQ PRGHOR TXH IRUPD HO HVTXHOHWR GHO
TXHKDFHU HQIHUPHUR TXH JXtD QXHVWUDV DFWLYLGDGHV \
FRQVLJXHTXHDOFDQFHPRVHOp[LWRHQQXHVWURHMHUFLFLR
SURIHVLRQDODKRUUDQGRDGHPiVWLHPSRHQODHMHFXFLyQ
GHQXHVWUDVLQWHUYHQFLRQHV
(QHVWDWHVLWXUD\FRPRSURIHVLRQDOHQIHUPHURQRV
UHLWHUDPRV HQ OD QHFHVLGDG GH WUDEDMDU FRQ XQ PRGH
ORJXLDGRTXHUHDUPHODLGHQWLGDGSURIHVLRQDOTXHGp
FXHUSR\FDOLGDGDQXHVWURVFXLGDGRV\QRVDEUDSXHUWDV
DODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ\SRVWHULRUGHVDUUROORGHODHQIHUPHUtD

$JUDGHFLPLHQWRV
$'U-DYLHU%HFHUUD0HGLFLQDGH)DPLOLD\8UJHQFLDV
'U-RVp5LYDV%HFHUUD&LUXMDQR*HQHUDO\'U-RVp$O
JDUUD*DUFtD5DGLyORJRGHO+RVSLWDO8QLYHUVLWDULR9LUJHQ
GHOD9LFWRULDGH0iODJDSRUVXD\XGDHQHVWHDUWtFXOR

%LEOLRJUDItD
 0DQWLN /HZLV 6 0FOHDQ +HLWNHPSHU
0 5XII 'LUNVHQ 6 (QIHUPHUtD 0pGL
FRTXLU~UJLFD 9DORUDFLyQ \ &XLGDGRV
GH 3UREOHPDV &OtQLFRV  HG 0DGULG
(OVHYLHU
 1DQGD,'LDJQyVWLFRV(QIHUPHURV'H
QLFLRQHV \ &ODVLFDFLyQ 
0DGULG(OVHYLHU
Enfermera Docente 2012; 98: 20-25

 %HOOLGR 9DOOHMR -& 6REUH HO PRGHOR

$5($ \ HO SURFHVR HQIHUPHUR ,QTXLH
WXGHV
 0RUDOHV -LQp] $OHMDQGUR 5RGUtJXH]
5REOHV0LUH\D$GULDQD/XpYDQR)RUG
6DQGUD(OXVRGHWD[RQRPtDV\HO0R
GHOR$5($FRPRKHUUDPLHQWDVSDUDHO
FXLGDGRGH(QIHUPHUtD%LEOLRWHFD/DV
FDVDV'LVSRQLEOHHQKWWS

ZZZLQGH[IFRPODVFDVDVGRFXPHQ
WRVOFSKS
 0RRUKHDG6-RQVRQ00DDV0&OD
VLFDFLyQGH5HVXOWDGRVGH(QIHUPHUtD
12&HG0DGULG(OVHLYHU
 0F&ORVNH\'RFKWHUPDQ-0%XOHFKHN*
&ODVLFDFLyQ GH ,QWHUYHQFLRQHV GH (QIHU
PHUtD1,&HG0DGULG(OVHLYHU

25