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  • Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic - Guus Kroonen

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    Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic - Guus Kroonen

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    149 vistas419 páginas

    Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic - Guus Kroonen

    Cargado por

    Francisco García
    Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic - Guus Kroonen

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series Alexander Lubotsky vounen ‘etapa hires da id Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic Guus Kroonen BRILL ‘tc en aie bn pp Nein ain ‘esate 00) Suvareanono7 Qc) “ph on ete Bote hei hat ngs ica On Hot NA, ‘sce etnandamator tae epee Nt ee a ad SAS ST asap pent cnewangpuecapinate mse onupyiniy the cil prion ane eae teks iedennlire Giz) 8 =] Prete ‘Symbols and Abbreviations. Preface ‘This wor wren as pat ofthe Indo-European Eyal! Dcionay project inated Wy Raber SP. Sekes and leander Libs a Lede Unters The prnary abjetive a the projec rt compa thew eto. lol daionay a ts Ind: Europeas pote language fat an replace the ‘now outdated dconar by Pokorny he presen anograph ims a {te Prot ere not a mach oe nao As for most projects Uke these, oly linied amount f tne cold be reserved fo Wea the beganing of my earn = hori ngs, with foreseeable academic fe span af wo longer than tw year, have Se ale wo spend mach leas te snd energy onthe deconay that 1 ‘wou have wished The polar af fing fo the Leen Don ‘aySeris 3 whole a host generous inesinent hat enabled me to cl ieee much ofthe marl during my ine as a PhD stent t Leiden Un ‘esi However the actual test has sme completely been composed (erten of reiten at Copeshagen University dering my ve ear pos the proj on the “Bath of Germanic Aus ron have bee fred fo frst lithe incarporstin ofthe shor IReraare a wl 3 he overage of the Germanic vocbulary sping wel-ezalched Pro to-cennanieeemes and systematically leaving out Gorman languages or ISegunge ager acer certain srcmtanes the ei, ata, ave ced rete rom as may as pose dale groups in order to re 2e 3 ath representation ofthe dsrbton of German word Due o time lmatons not al tested frm are sway clade. The iconary "ot be used In oer words, a an exhaustive overview of» para frote-Germanie word's reewes inthe Germanic Languages, bt Father temps fo establish the mos important evidence an wich the ced Pr to-cermane reconstruction i taeda Keeping with he pring | awe for estane let et moder clan frm tht ae dent tht Od Nore pressor The ld Saxon stations neal tramp thelr Sie ‘gnats in Olt Dutch and Oa Law Francona and one wil hardy ter {Stns ar ignored when they are mirored by ay exiting Mid Dutch forms, Aro, the Midle Emplsh Mile Dstch and Mlle gh eran ‘ais are lef out when they are “sxndwichd between etalon ‘Gena form in the old and’ modern phases of he corresponding sh ignges On the other hand, have ae mich posible ude ors on Sho modeen Germanic languages, suck av English, German. Faroe, “a rete aan and Duck, bu thre was not enough tine toad mders Fst se enaiming Scanlan sanded languages something tat hope ‘She ble tomae wp frin the ature. "tle the ht for tine caused mo serouly consider the kind of contrbuton tat ished fo make to my el eral unable pass the accumulation of scolar found (or instance Anatoly Libertas Inet erate Atta ison af ngishEomalgy (2008) oF the Urlyencyopede Eomolcher Wéeerbch des athocdewcken {Goo}: Tacctled to faces on the plementation of some pet advances fn Germanic and Indo European tudes ether than on the eepion ofthe ‘wna cmologles npr these advances are 1) regress Implementation ofthe Laryngeal Tory, 2) fil applaton fyb’ aw of ‘rstonlc shortening (or esonarts) 8) an nerve rol forthe widely eget, but dervaconaly hgh Teva Prot cermani genial, Tu). ew uestnent of the nn-odo-ropean elements in the leon, Meus ater eatgoration fe socaulary according ay Uighur of nde aropeah- nee This book, neher words, not 0 be ‘Sion ar's comprebensie Proto Germaot lca, trates asa mission ‘Shoot rearing the reconstruction ef Pro Germanic. Dest all of ‘Se'etonary's abou lmiatioos har bope oS ave screed t Bunga caeuctveconbuton tthe arent state of the fd Ay ‘Beton aan and updates wlohe coming ears be added the Satine version ot Bele website (itp /tedabroninealctonare) nd ie opprtnty preset sell -be published. ina second earged ‘ison wou eto enprse ay deepest rattude tothe er ofthe eis, sander Labo, to Bll Fublshors who oered me the uni oppo ‘Atty wre ts leonary, ad Jone Enea Rasmussen and Bit Rae One for ging mesh a warm welcame a the Copenhage {eEcSyean partner am aco very mock an to the cous He Ted cateages tat prookesd std commented onthe dtlony, SESE Ae ected forms and reconewcions or healy helped me see oe These ude Rall Bremer, Andees Brouwer, Rk Det igen van en Hee Adam led Stan acobsson, Anders Reheat lrgencn, Pe allo, Dende Nilsen Whitehead, Thomas DERE fig ances Olen Michael Pyros Marin van Pate. Biarne Strmelijer Sandgead Hansen, Tien Pronk, Sasa Pronk leh Yar Seer in Schacht Rand Schuhmann, arc tes, and Mie de ‘Vibe ny speci tanks go out Over Sins, Jenne Kip ap Alexander Tipe he managed to work the way through Be comple itonary te even tie Haweer tthe suo, am exclsive responsibly (orate shrtemingr and tuts tat rena Symbols and Abbreviations anguage abbreviations ‘ram Du Early Modem Durch fos, Fir, EaetorSateranae heat ‘eat Fras ‘Mie ‘eeaian Balan, Ovdalon anise Ee Brean ‘em —Almannie (Swi) Fo ter As Ate ar. Faroe ‘op ‘Appa minis Rh ne em Flemish fem Aramaic Fe Prenat fre Aveaan Fi Pino-ugrie fm mena German he we Ga, Gack fe vexan Gaul, Goush fieg, Basque Grong Geeegian re Bavarian Gm Germanic Bar, Berber Go ome Beet Breton Ge lent Gree Bia. Byelorussan Gan, Gata Se Byte Matt Haligon Cr Casein Hebe, Hebe GS, Cetera fie Hee Guu Chivask Hue. erogiphie Lian Gn. Gmbran Hom Homer fb, Caevoratavan Hck Benet corm Mme Morgan Cope Copne Ieee in Grmesn Indo Erapean BS Chureh Stone fon lonlan Spr. pote tn er Gren Soe Sots Da Danish fe haa Dor, arian ne Kanty De buh Kot Khotanese Engin Kor Komi Fa Gary ModernDanish Kurd Karsh ae Ge te Mare Men Mo Sse {Ssemboure tyes ona Milan ial cosh witb Mieco Nigtan adil tile ae Low eran Moder ree Monge Syensea Nor rean Nesta New eran Now ran Noreen web idea oidcorth id hrc stone Old ngicn Oven Symbols an Abbreviations one or Ola. Oe fa ow ww Pa a oat sc Sor Sr old East Norse isu OidHigh German itch iste ld tow Prancoian ld ania leone idol Olsen ls Welsh ‘Old West Nore Posh Portuguese Rhietandi wna Schatmanen| Scorch Serban / Costin ‘Symbols and Abbreviations StS Sertan Church le sem Semin See, shutlndie Se Sante Soe Slovene Sve Soak Soes—Sopdie Sp Spanish Sin Stmertan Se Shea Sib, Saban St Sar Geman fe Tar ‘Teuth, Teton o ary Sowth Guten ‘tone Thracan Toa Tocaran ther abbreviations pate Se aimthe Pare Sve cre, ele oO Sormon gender fot alec calloglal omp. — smparave Son aneton GS deere aL dialer fim, imintve kal 0). ators) CO Feminine fa feotone pent ‘mp. imperative impers._inpesonl ToAB —Tachrian Aand Ton Tacharan ‘Toe Tunis Tim Uda ear. Upc Ui Ukainn Unb, Unban Ven Venete Vsp. — Viperermines vat Vulartaun we Wel Wats Walser German Wet West (Lauwers) Fe wn, Wal Wa, Weston he Young vestan Yoo Yesanaie fn sane toh, feted iol jute te teraly loc. lone mmole os he repre preter present Pa pero perectve Be Br Piet poetic predistve bree brepeston eset rete pron parte Flnee rong verb: sub ce sae Sevloped om {bot develop bom terrowed oro om Menwaate ‘Symbols and Abbreviations om sopra {spay opm erating with Fecsnrtrted eo toform ‘constr tation Note on the Structure of the Entries ‘The ens inthis dictionary are composed aecoring to the flowing Tende Every entry arts with 2 Proto German ecosrution. The et {ros are oreted onthe bas ofthis reconstrcton. The aphabetaton| Ignores vowel leg, wich mean hat ong and shor: vowels ea ea "Sycan efund in rndom order The tars) Is placed Detren thet {erstand a Afer te hend word the parma category i ven og [ris reconttion fe Proto armani meaning Sic href no ‘elhadsogy for somanie rocostoon these protameanihy te ot cena faci and re merely tobe taken a6 edeaton of the Shorsineton er the bead word the attestation nthe Germanic languages ate en On the saton ofthese forms sete preface ease, he ates ‘ns alowed by Pre-Gormaneprotsorm based onthe German ‘eation, The dation of thir emolole cosa i given be- ‘een bracket its dtbuton maybe purely Germanic (0), non Ino buopesn ), Germano (wt), German tal Cete (rt) Earpean, Ue wth cognates ie Gredk ot Armen (in) of I Aortwropean (2) when the ebmology is based a fas pty on cog ates te remnng languages Obvious aswerds ae recognise by ‘heabtreiatio [). Theertre Germanic camporande ae then gen er the long hyphen "Aer the presentation ofthe materi the reader wil sly A a custon of te cology of he wor, drawing In phone problems oF ‘Merce eunolgie Tis Isso where any posse tral German ‘erations ae ven. Introduction |The Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Germane phonemes, ‘.tProto-ndo-turopean Inthe present boc, have made use a the photog ym a ‘Sone by Boke 1995 fra enacted Prete ind European fms volelss stape poe kk {elced load stops ba go ‘eked eps one Be RO em leryageals ye Fenians ro vowel eo re 8 Proto Indo-Buropean had thre saris of stops, whet arteton in many | ways continues tobe debate (Karmel 3013) have ade ae of he ‘Manstream dvsin int plan stop voked stops and vice sped (Greamy-viced?) saps, Bat Mt the voced PIE atopy were actualy Dreglotaloed, sis asued within the Goel Theory, te fete of ‘Splaton tecomes anda Une Poto-Gemant, which pial hal the ses on the st oat syle othe word, Protlndo- European had fee tna acon hes tnt could acaron the Fook the sulla the ending andwithin notin tnd evil paradgns often shited rom one ajlable 10 another, Sttes-earing elements were he vores, the smivowel the resents and the lrygeas. The ate thre fyper of phonemes cold ony recsve the stress when they were io vocal portion, . Rnoned a sy Diebulding ements Since the vocation rls these phonemes nthe Indu Indo Eoopesndaupter langage re often come Wh fick oer, they must postdate the pares language. FcR a, 'stound, about for stance, Yealaed a pomb in Cm. um and St aii tas “fn Ged Slr, ee roto Indo European word “heir "eyebowe bed’ iso let hance ferent voealaons Les sptral asin Pn, rand Se br bra an pd "hath asin Tod pnw (a). The Later example see fe formative, ecase proves at the vorlation of ther as iggered {he vocalization ofthe lagen in Toca, jst asthe voalaton of Ino in Geek condoned he nn vocation fhe aU gt ‘ems evdent note woes, tt the voclastin of bt te lye fndthe resonant was phoelogiar inthe arden daghtr anges 1 ive therefore refined a mach posi om Incting chnog (sb babu. fa wll as 4) tn PE reconstruction this woud ‘neva lead to erroneous protoforms snd have oly sed ete ‘ate vocations n prot formeandeng specie Edie 1.2 Proto-Germanie Prot-Germani phonology ders sigufcanly fan Poto-Ide-Erapen, "Racgireds number ofrew vowels oth short and ln nd the srs ae ‘tracted wo the vowel ofthe ist ot slab fa word Due tos ahi ot the Indo European ops Proto German alee sequels large aos ot rw cae, bth voied and voles. The pheiesrecnsructd sr “turd "g i this clctonry aso lat party appet "8d “pte Germanic “dialects. Tor” instance, mot languages have. Hoes wordt, but "emerges asa ce In ths paian In bt Sexe ‘nd Francanan ine the srtibuon sural inthe did anges Is vergent this alternation Is thaly to have been subphanemic lo {o-Gerasi Another important inaraten thereof phonemic one. tan length Duet a range of phonecaly regular und changes, Fr. {o-Germane acquired 3 geminatedvarnt of praca any este co Sena and ths perhaps one of te the most fa reg pono ‘ages thatthe lange went rough The resin phones neon) an be sumed up ae follows icles (otal) stops poe ke hw icles (otal?) gemintes fp the cel ative Pook ow Fate geaintes Php he bats, fe tangas aw oe eve ~ tops Fe de og eww) ‘ole esate Be day resonate me etnee {eminted esonants nmin We ices re minted ides yw Short sowel fete tong vowels mos eaea. siphhonge aww Inzedacton wi 2 From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic 2 The vowels Tithe discuss te mostinpetat sources of he Prot Germanic vw ‘at, AS mentioned above. oneof the sing inovatione hat Pre te-cenmanc acqred ot fnew vowel bts thrt ao long that il ot 1 est n Protlngo European There vows developed umber ‘lst sources mostly comblaton of vowel ls laryngeal (HV. ‘iyo laryngeal (and vocalzd resonant). AA Short vowels Pim. a arose out of «merger of Prem *o and “a. Thess vowels must nevertheless have remained tinct er Verner me Pah“ From ben PIE st (4) and “p(y war dtabiand toe" ote ‘wah arom odo (ee §2.24) Prem vo contins PE“, a "he ata ‘ear, os ONG em ‘bess bl! < hat OCS ads ‘mpoton, Sr: fem ‘eal potson set Moa" 05 anton (pe at ob ose (0 8 otha = heiton «a ord Cobra me idgrom’ < tpott e ane ti pdm hasan ‘Thedrec sources of Pom Year PIE“ and “he: ‘abn ad peop. trom: of: Go, ON af OF of, OG ab «PLE aps ct Grn a rep. ar aay. om + "tohon Soto bake! ON bat, OF bacon, OHG baton < "bbe Ge ey toroat eo 1 lacking and we Rave to rel on lon iphang wth resonant sta sige fran: ea Go fara, OG frame Gr. do, pire < pore irae: Go. min, Ske mis < time o- nam Ww Go. winds ON wind, OF OF 0 wind OG wnt < ‘Touch ane eH gan huhyene, ak ea eM < “teh (eto. Se dermis haene ‘An important issue isthe outcome of Pm. that aoe fom Bath PreGm "au< DIE ehas nd ay. ¢ PIE“ veh or dha. Tas Tang iptong was ec by Oth’ law in os the case adel Alosed Syste (he Before two consonants) or war al. gman: ~ goumonm. gun, plate’ OX ga, gr, OF gona, ONG guomo, goumo = gma hea. "Qoumnar <"plcheemon, gen “petcw'mman, ct gms palate Law. gamart ma aces cipher raust-n, aha, boashed' ON aust ‘Sin rot German eave chronology so 8228 ‘het Gemanie eanzonant systom difers considerably from ts tn Ao.turopesn counterpart. One af the avast changes th’ Po fordermanie consonant inventory ‘was is coumarin, Lo. the {dpamaletion fhe Prot nde Europea altveas °° ab he Ssbseqaent merger of hoy wh the abovlrs "ppm THC velopment sn acer in ther Branches ofthe ldo Europea Ea, tip lan Cage and Fochanan. The more portant elusive Crane Intowrtons ae 1) the sacra modesto of the hee sees of Sts lnown ar the fret an second German Sound shits and 2) the rise | ‘onsonana length Beth developments are Rhonealy and aolg ‘aly compl invlving veer! dferent sound change ln fen debated “des and aterpetations sean ony be nterpeed ia meaningful way Sy keping tack ofthe changes nthe dame ofthese a8 whole ‘Thine inshor an overvew of the most nporeant hangs that ok place ‘between Prat indo faropean apd Proto Germanic Ineroducton se Unie the German vowels which do nt rly ter from the yocale tlement inated guages such a alee BltoSav the Ge [Butsand har become one o the mart strangers ofthe Germanic ‘ranch and forms a major contrast wiht loses relives i note words, what to lage extent fires Geant Te reatiorship between ‘he Pro-ode-furopean and the Proto Geran consonant Inventories ‘as been clarified byte discovery of Gm’ aw which the radon ‘ew fit eed bth oles 774, keto" "Ph he ua a, "lored clara OF fo, 0S, ONG oh «pio, ef. 06S ‘tread atesored= pio: ham tine Ga ha 0S BONG ham <*kinp-o Lith leap surved «km «hero pron who of two: Ca, Rar, ON dr, OF bude, 0S ‘thr, ONG oda, edor «he tora eke hata, Gr ep ich of ‘Aconex stage consisted ofthe devoling af the original vlc stops snap carto Pam pee “inka mum elt ot np le MDa en ine ‘msm woud <"engeor, ck Gt aly, ve f/m. and Ot Rove swstingn the roe go «agen ‘Mines mene Co. i, OM ex OF endo) OS ko, OG hwo < ccf Ske na he ys ee ofa «one ‘ai eat shir Go. pai, OF pad 5 pda OG pe Tara Baten eatin of pet arta ad igh DE tort 0S okt, OMG zoraht a ‘word as “huh ent nesting. form would suggest hat Osos Tow was poterior to both Verbers law aod te moopbthangiaton of "ohes which would confirm tat te 3 relatively ate Germante develop ‘Gen related to comparable vooe shorenings i ther Indo European [Breuer such Grdk and alo cae 22:3 pentose of ici ntresting to tat In Pro Germanic m azsnated oly of lowing oles 4 no to ate. The er appease have igure the row of an automatic fio between rabobiy lend ith Pro tescermanic tel andes own argued new of Go andar (Se Sele tte se rr eps (sen campus O fe OHG sam sft Sst. The ateome of thi ser, which was feted 32 ‘ek oni in Anata, vrs arose the diferent IndoEaropesn dialects always yielded long" In German: hes consent Ga go-gie " ON ste on he eer Rend ‘may have developed from yor another thetzaon poser Bs ‘ekg =n’ ~ sim voc’ Ga, tina, OFA sme, OS sea, OMG stnma, sina, i mn an ea ‘tyr. mout «stam Ae stom. snout © “tems MW ‘imtoo, mouth

    Pom ‘Hleywan to How Go ggwan, ONG awn < tlie fe adic n lant dn fant play Aw rt ayers swe emi ‘remwam 50.10 brew: OSw. Boe, OF browan, OFF. rin, ‘youwa, 0S grtreon = *tysuhve, Gr Hach Seder aor ‘Seema «rahe at de tam ust and 3) Dye law Ie flows fm this crag ‘hat Haman’ lw was rigger by alwing scents nt he se [ston ofan ace arynget 226 shortening of overlong ylabes ‘ne of te ial Sound as ating upto the sage we recon Pro torGermanc cused the resolution of velo ables, spas ending Inalong vowel or ition pla lng constant In sylaker ke these Tong stops were sharene thus gig rie toa Mot-Germane cnet on overlong splables The constant skal to fave aisen 3 rately Inte stage but is cneivable that egal oveangsylbes cn be te ‘eve ror the leaner inthe Ftc languages which have ouch Donote maton (ser 201), Any, orang tothe sound laws Mentoned stove mee shortened In ovens Sylbes,aollows rom the flowing exper ‘alone! OF < alo < eto St ba, ewe Ge lc rebrand ‘omen mower: Ga ome, ON Bim, OS Bim, ONG Buomo < ‘shomman: “toe i) — it happor nbs, rade: eompenston payment pice «< theprs Skt asm work, acon, Lat ou et. work ¢ hep ‘Also eo apa wx. to gam procure, accompli’ (whence of mn power: troops fre, ONG ean wt. to labor fon. and ON ot ‘esto perform eo sung! «af Related "area "js vate 2 a ‘afta 2 ar — ON of Fa. ara rpc oe! (2) “Hi ge. happen lo bappen! bang, rep Dra (ove). ‘Te Germanic and ke words ae formaly snd rman case, ich males it arvacie to reconsrce an ld Vmsten “hep ton “hens The ite word ean aerate be compared ta afc ‘ove eich maybe anol Wonderware ‘er rep av. behind — ON eft prep, av. Fat. tir pep. a, 1d OF afer rep. 6: afer OFe cer propy a. Du eer ep i, ONG afar prep. id MAG afer prep ep trw () Se paren 36, ater of, OP apataram Treo ste (a) =| Reno tre ‘verb formation to abo (qt) ceated with the contra sfis ‘agatoij: 2. icenout ~ 0S apatn atv, eget, lige’, ORG ‘pat ad Important (0), ‘A aplologied compound ofthe element apa 'stamefal and “ago (one 2s Ral lag a) smnoyng excite) Tae word bas rer ‘een anlyed as “agi “of but the second izmen nether word ‘ora suf whieh eaves the analyse unsttcary ( tahman 1986 10), Aso co. apiatn ‘debmuchery, Hentousnes, darpton’, O86 pl neers nds. npr” = eal The sometimes ‘duced’ OF ep m.oppesion,dstes. apparel fom "apo ale, ‘ull theoretical bea fllepmologiel distortion of plat, But ‘more kel to have een derived rons the verb “agent fea (gh) With ‘este lao ON le ‘sagan: pet: prs. Yo ea — Go. eg, 3g 09 preps (8) — Gr: ‘ropa Yo reve, iment «hgh lr dgoder a eat = hehagie “the othe er is conugaed as preterit present ofthe redeplcting class PGm. 39g "ge 3p sagen «hae og, esha hich fo tally close to Ole ~gadar «wh hn (Matsuo 200826) The fl rae oot ap served a he bir the Gothic fate farm oan lth orginal aro rae sured inthe petri suman Teles. Asoc. agi, Ge age OH ao Eten «mag, “ga. To sea and OF ape mera gan ‘agena: "bk — ON agn mi, Fat. gn mee eae (8) — demo Sit ona: no 'ANGR. formation closely relied t Sit. naa derivation fom Skt sind eat, See aa alpen 4 +o ‘ipo narrow'— OF epee FP we: 05 ei 8, MO gees ede pf, OG apd fs MG epee ope okee {etm pros th aioe pl harrow ith-E ater ahd har roghuat ce tare mar wept "A European word The form “oppo ay be remodeling of oes the ‘pile of tla found In the ter langage yeaa ks ‘es derman om agen Ogg OG ct to aro th ‘Be same sis atin ONG eid ‘plough « "arb nd ON sig) "seine = ‘sep: (EWAd: 1 956. Howover, the vert sete Ith te no ‘nd could bea tachformation No further eomoloy. Oe eng ‘arow: Sypaerty meats from "ag ary belongs hers tos, bat ay bv been borrowed from 2 European lngunge. Gr ve f-harow unreledatscems tobe drive rom 4 sharp pinta! ‘agen Year — Go. apm’, OF ager Yd the) — lene twtr yoga saess pl ‘An ste pom "ae FL 396 < hgh hgh eh The stem v= lan agi was oneralaed aan nly sage eGo agi, ae ave He os ‘ssconday (stem opin We Germnaicfalowing oe fq ss of fal (“hn iehpn). The otal stem served a he ba for ONG isn MG, Desens to fat <"agajn, whch rm gave OH {abo eps. OS eg, OF ges ear © "apn Related to "agen tnd aj sages bade’ — ON eg ge’ OF ee dg, de! 0 pa edge, sword OG ck, ega Leg, pint carer Eee formes, ge oh) ‘Aichrstemto the PIE roche sary for whichsee tai g/km agp’ — OF age ag WEE eee 8% ONG a9) "AAG ape ME (a, ‘he co-occurrence of OF age < "agin and WH ake « Salon oad paint to an old mstem paradigm tom. "3, gen “olor «*iphon Poste word rte aes na eompound with sara) the cer Wom. aguages, tS aes, MLC hf MD ser caste, Dieser <"agastr-on- OH agar, @ Etter, on he on ‘and, was crested to 2 dieu “agin Further note OG ager = eget aga, pital — Go. oa “grace ho) — St gh adh" ad danger, YA. op nh bad. eo < heahos ropa to gee lament or = “eh nd sade 5 ‘An adjective posi related to agan ofa? and coats. Asa co, gla thar slew prove nce’ OE agin ta ub, Me en ‘tou fc. harm, el tbl’ “glans Go glo ‘on Seals "aalt- and ap ‘aga itelé — Go. gle eu, some OF pea‘ Babs ad eater’ ‘The orginal stem that sated as Go. ahs eerracer she jose ale n OE No cea etymology, bt proba aed ag ‘agra: Noo — Of egor en Road Eeaye til ore Du eager ‘exwel ring iow Ue hc (a). ‘A rostom created to the same rot a fund In Yah wae’ Backer turbulent curreat nthe ss ripe row nthe water probaly doesnot long bee but maybe deme! “ota: though wth = more rary meaning row ‘ahand-~*agans- sre — Go aha af, ON gn fae sant beard of bare UG aungen OF agnon fp ns cal Fete ews OG agra alam srw G Ale er fom he tl > "honey (8) ~ Coe to Lat eqn “at of grt <* tev /omehe (he absence of Thareyne's aw pol to syncope, gen a dente, pc); aso Ge. foe, ovog avn, ar, OP dco ‘Sew chat on ‘an stom slterating Setween Yohanan *agand- < guasiPE *toeWonah- = "heh Th orig of he Vera aeration su Shear a5 accent mot enexpeced in secondary hrs ep Ste however thatthe ferinine dvnoped trom a heuer collie fry “inetarehe {6 at aga) creatod tthe hte elton a supped Uy cr Geaux then be seine tht the Verner saration Was ‘oped fom tis stm which no doubt dd ave an secontualy mobil Param Sev ala Shi "apt hi ‘atta ~ agit mew’ — OF ey ot, ME ese, OG oi sav Cdl Ace d'="heibeh e)~ Coser pnt = “hath Dervd from the rot “hele ‘shar’ (chiar), Wt he same se matics out diferent sufastins) cf Cs ona fs’ an psy At Fae < ho plas velar sat. ‘ahi "ea — Go. sm 1 OM ae 8% Fram OF ar er, ‘hrm idsEoar OF ar pl harvest, Da eare est, OMG oho, ehir 6 ‘atin Aire £8 eles (6) ~ TOA ak, TB end hk chat ‘An stem to the root “hl. sarp: The original predgm “aba, pL {ahi "hs, “hikereh av so a mum of secondary sem ‘atios, vis Go, gh OW ar € "oh ONG eh hb Du wa ‘haze Seals “ahens—agond “alan ti’ — Ga, hj wo assume, (6). No tar esymoingy. The ver obviously slsed to Gabe mind understanding « “oar, Go ame spt Sahm: a Po “a ntenon (qv) but tlc ear era egnates Te conection wth ‘aug ey «Mh (Osh 1930: 175) sed Gog meron shrilng (Pokorny IEW 774) do ot cnvoe, at sy ate Taeortealy, {he er eld ential to ON aja wa to grave « atin: (Crowe | ‘mesnng to ruminate), butt preferable, my ew to reconstruct TS orbs aj (a). ahs shoulder, amp — ON pu shoulder’ Fal 08 ea ‘ample, OS ahofshoulder, OMG abel afte f(a) — tat le ‘mpl wing W chelate het eh Derived fom PE hte whan aut mala‘, “ata a — Nn il ot 9p ofthe OB sr mle MD ase i Duar cd OMG ahaa G Ao "> hls (8) — Ske has, Ya, lamp hs OPr ani ih al ale a 03 Ru (4, Lae one Oly awe (Cape) oa ta mal = hyo (hah and hemi ON pal, seh ht BU, okt m,n" ‘ahtaw num. 'ght — Go, ata ur 8, ON deta um, ar dt mum hoch (1) —ToA ota To ot, Sk an ry, Yaw at Lith int Arm. ut, Ae Gr, Oy La ec Ooch W with Bee um ihe “he Indo-uropean word for eg. Original, the numeral may ave ‘ame abut a dual Srmaton tA. a wat of tut gers Fale “honk (Henning 1948: 6), The meaning oF i Avestan wd oto ‘rely etal, however Sw “ota amo. 7 ‘aa consieration,atento’ — OF oak, ht, he dlberaton, MD, scfm ONC alta €-nteem recon consideration tough Mi aeration tention (on), Delved fom vljan to hint. As OE esha, 0S ahton, Du eben (4G aha Gachen ws. Yo mind, dee "ohsjan and ON, atl rolntend "ahi ‘aha ur "ghh* — Gahuda nam.“ ON dt, én eu ‘am Fat cand um Etude OF coho nm Eighth OF ackend, achtands acta ut, Wd, OS etode mm, 3, ur achee mm l” OHG shtdo mum id, © eshte mam do ‘hoothatoe (is) — Ton. beat. To ohtate mum eighth ‘hreehemto: Sk. apa, YA at, Ose. sr, ih iy, OCS ome Ru vam Som mam d= ls Gr any La olds um id? ‘alps (tl) Lat acer een ape’ Yb a nS pao rn PE "pepe Perape the hster pl evloped int fp Germaniand Ltn Soe arr are Sag: no ara: 2, ask’ — OF dor 2d, vehement dire, hate, ONG era, bor vere hash ough a aida A rostem aj, possibly elated to MHG fr, Ber maa, cag ene | thea?) ()— Toba to known (eohave ein’) Se te conol poner, Od Av, te eped. to have «th hk “Apreohtepreset 3g "the 3p algun. The ce of bia nts ver Is unig, the expeced parm being “ath, gun thd, hate I I possible thatthe bau war removed tamer sage bso the use ‘hom al remains why the paradign fonts preter resent ware tld, al ehers hap tht about fact night hugh ote aden Geran languages le terefore sv ke that he vero belonged ta he ‘eduplicaing class with o rae throughout the preterit (ct Seeeld 197 170) Thus reonstrct he Pre-Gm. param 2s "heli, rhc eal shou have produced Pr “oe (die by Osos aw) “tiga Sees agen dah {108 égon ais op ene ONG gan ae Celgene, ot), ‘an active derived to “igan: (qi), whence Go. g-aigion eigenen vex tomate ons own. 10 appropiate « igen = Aa Go. ON Siem € gon, OF din in. OS eg, 8G egen Proper algae ° ‘igi shot bar — ON eign nnew sprout ocr Far. parm stra spo shove areybeld Nv. eer mga germ, bar, Sw ‘45L denne) psn igi hing hee G8) else oaga"br (The exact eration fhe word unl Ilo) and Sw sjemse protaiy point ON “ego = “tigi: “foitenio?} bot ON ein Ics he denn an are does Need Show sat fhe nal Al there formalist make he ecstae tae he ep! for rather probit A meer Parle “agin: < "iin? No sear exami parallels MW gir soot spent, es foks he a Nowe loan, but bozowing i the opposite decton ‘Sonor be ecu ‘aig. 'soot — Sw a og elm sed sprout h- (u8) Coser ao mpl corners of ah ar «if (lo:OPre eal ewe 6 i a i Ser ga fh les aera ein of a spear, spear th mas, asm ‘sp brea Pra amis "arehetlamo/ohe ‘A Germanic Greek sogss dered fm aoa ht br okarny {EW 18) Forth semantic cl ur nd needle prt hon, germinating seed cor! nap) Relate alin seoae ‘ath propery, belongings fam’ — Go. at “popety’ ON af ‘Tl Far ae inage, descent my, OF he posersone propery, land OH ae tpesesson gods wea (4). ht creed the ror f agar); oe ht he sot eect hem progeny tbe’ (qua Shoat (e) — NP varroh surat © “heoertaugrar Lat wera “fete = athvernehy Oe fara sgl efor hah Gat frag W goer "hut haers Lh toe ere ae vere Sa° Chee arth th vers Ru veri Whew bauer te ‘8 teduplated formation comparable to “beta 1 “beaver (gx) < soning." Beek 1995: 190), Te Gene ward (opether ‘eh fr) preserved the Sips pe of dupe, hha pe a ” “hadsur which ested in a paraig atwar, *Saras or he change “airs Pima eller) Aa he lof nl are te

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