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Formulario de Clculo Diferencial e Integral

Jess Rub M.

( a + b ) ( a 2 ab + b2 ) = a3 + b3
( a + b ) ( a3 a 2 b + ab2 b3 ) = a 4 b4
( a + b ) ( a 4 a3b + a 2 b2 ab3 + b4 ) = a5 + b5
( a + b ) ( a5 a 4 b + a3b2 a 2 b3 + ab4 b5 ) = a 6 b6
n

k +1
( a + b ) ( 1) a n k b k 1 = a n + b n n
k =1

VALOR ABSOLUTO
a si a 0
a =
a si a < 0
a = a

k =1

a+b a + b

ca

k =1

a
k =1

k =1

ak

(a

k =1

(a

= c ak
k =1

k =1

ak 1 ) = an a0

y = cos x

y ,
2 2
y [ 0, ]
y

ar

k 1

k =1

,
2 2

LOGARITMOS
log a N = x a x = N
log a MN = log a M + log a N
M
log a
= log a M log a N
N
log a N r = r log a N
log b N ln N
=
log b a ln a

1+ 3 + 5 +

-0.5

cos ( + ) = cos

( a b ) ( a + ab + b ) = a b
( a b ) ( a3 + a 2 b + ab2 + b3 ) = a 4 b4
( a b ) ( a 4 + a3b + a 2 b2 + ab3 + b 4 ) = a5 b5
2

( a b ) a n k b k 1 = a n b n
k =1

1
0.5
0

-1
-1.5
csc x
sec x
ctg x

-2
-2.5
-8

-6

-4

-2

Grfica 3. Las funciones trigonomtricas inversas

arcsen x , arccos x , arctg x :

n!
=
x1n1 x2n2
n1 !n2 ! nk !

nk
k

HIP

CA

cos ( ) = cos cos sen sen

tg tg
tg ( ) =
1 tg tg
sen 2 = 2sen cos

-2
-3

CO

sen = cos
2

sen ( ) = sen cos cos sen

-1

radianes=180

n
2n + 1
sen
= ( 1)
2

2n + 1
cos
=0
2

2n + 1
tg
=
2

arc sen x
arc cos x
arc tg x
-2

-1

cos 2 = cos 2 sen 2

3

e x e x
2
e x + e x
cosh x =
2
senh x e x e x
tgh x =
=
cosh x e x + e x
1
e x + e x
ctgh x =
=
tgh x e x e x
1
2
sech x =
=
cosh x e x + e x
1
2
=
csch x =
senh x e x e x
senh x =

senh :
n

cos = sen +
2

CONSTANTES
= 3.14159265359
e = 2.71828182846
TRIGONOMETRA
CO
1
sen =
csc =
HIP
sen
CA
1
cos =
sec =
HIP
cos
sen CO
1
tg =
ctg =
=
cos CA
tg

tg ( + n ) = tg

sen ( n ) = 0
tg ( n ) = 0

-0.5

+ xk )

cos ( + n ) = ( 1) cos

cos ( n ) = ( 1)

2
1.5

n
n!
, kn
=
k ( n k )!k !
n
n
n
( x + y ) = xnk y k
k =0 k

( x1 + x2 +

tg ( + ) = tg
sen ( + n ) = ( 1) sen

2.5

+ ( 2n 1) = n 2

tg ( ) = tg

tg ( + 2 ) = tg

-2

sen cos =

cos ( ) = cos

sen ( + ) = sen

-4

tg + tg
ctg + ctg
FUNCIONES HIPERBLICAS

cos ( + 2 ) = cos

Grfica 2. Las funciones trigonomtricas csc x ,

sec x , ctg x :

k =1

( a + b) ( a b) = a b
2
( a + b ) ( a + b ) = ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
2
( a b ) ( a b ) = ( a b ) = a 2 2ab + b 2
( x + b ) ( x + d ) = x 2 + ( b + d ) x + bd
( ax + b ) ( cx + d ) = acx 2 + ( ad + bc ) x + bd
( a + b ) ( c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd
3
( a + b ) = a3 + 3a 2b + 3ab2 + b3
3
( a b ) = a3 3a 2b + 3ab2 b3
2
( a + b + c ) = a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
2

tg tg =

ALGUNOS PRODUCTOS
a ( c + d ) = ac + ad

sen ( ) = sen

1 + ctg 2 = csc2

sen ( + 2 ) = sen

-6

sen ( )
cos cos

tg 2 + 1 = sec2

sen + cos2 = 1
2

sen x
cos x
tg x

1
1
= 2sen ( + ) cos ( )
2
2
1
1
= 2 sen ( ) cos ( + )
2
2
1
1
= 2 cos ( + ) cos ( )
2
2
1
1
= 2sen ( + ) sen ( )
2
2

1
sen ( ) + sen ( + )
2
1
sen sen = cos ( ) cos ( + )
2
1
cos cos = cos ( ) + cos ( + )
2

-2
-8

n! = k

log10 N = log N y log e N = ln N

tg tg =
arc ctg x
arc sec x
arc csc x

IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMTRICAS

y 0,

-1.5

1 2
( n + n)
2
k =1
n
1
k 2 = ( 2n3 + 3n 2 + n )

6
k =1
n
1 4
3
k
=
( n + 2n3 + n 2 )

4
k =1
n
1
k 4 = ( 6n5 + 15n 4 + 10n3 n )

30
k =1

cos cos

-2
-5

-1

k =

cos + cos
2

-1

n
(a + l )
2
1 r n a rl
=a
=
1 r
1 r

sen + sen
sen sen

0.5

Grfica 4. Las funciones trigonomtricas inversas

arcctg x , arcsec x , arccsc x :

= ap bp

k =1

+ bk ) = ak + bk

k =1

log a N =

y = sen x

1.5

ap
a
= p
b
b
= a

csc

1
y [ 0, ]
x
1

y = csc x = sen
y ,
x
2 2
Grfica 1. Las funciones trigonomtricas: sen x ,
cos x , tg x :

a + ( k 1) d = 2 2a + ( n 1) d

( a p ) = a pq

k =1

k =1

ap
= a pq
aq

p/q

sec

y = sec x = cos

a p a q = a p+q

k =1

ctg

1
1

3 2 3 2
3 2 1 3
2
2
1
1
1 2 1 2
3 1 3
2 2 3
3 2 12
0
0
1
1

1
y = ctg x = tg
x

k =1

EXPONENTES

(a b)

+ an = ak

tg
0

cos

0
12

y = tg x

c = nc

= ak

par

a 0y a =0 a=0
n

k +1

0
30
45
60
90

sen

a1 + a2 +

impar

a n k b k 1 = a n b n n

SUMAS Y PRODUCTOS

( a + b ) ( 1)
k =1

a a y a a

ab = a b

2 tg
tg 2 =
1 tg 2
1
sen 2 = (1 cos 2 )
2
1
cos 2 = (1 + cos 2 )
2
1 cos 2
tg 2 =
1 + cos 2

cosh :
tgh :
ctgh :

[1,
1,1
{0} , 1 1,

sech :

0,1]

csch :

{0}

{0}

Grfica 5. Las funciones hiperblicas senh x ,

cosh x , tgh x :
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
se nh x
co sh x
tgh x

-3
-4
-5

FUNCIONES HIPERBLICAS INV

(
(

)
)

senh 1 x = ln x + x 2 + 1 , x
cosh 1 x = ln x x 2 1 , x 1
1 1+ x
tgh 1 x = ln
, x < 1
2 1 x
1 x +1
ctgh 1 x = ln
, x > 1
2 x 1
1 1 x2
, 0 < x 1
sech 1 x = ln

x
1
1
+
, x 0
csch 1 x = ln +
x
x

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Formulario de Clculo Diferencial e Integral

IDENTIDADES DE FUNCS HIP

cosh 2 x senh 2 x = 1
1 tgh 2 x = sech 2 x
ctgh x 1 = csch x
2

senh ( x ) = senh x
cosh ( x ) = cosh x
tgh ( x ) = tgh x

senh ( x y ) = senh x cosh y cosh x senh y

cosh ( x y ) = cosh x cosh y senh x senh y
tgh x tgh y
1 tgh x tgh y
senh 2 x = 2senh x cosh x
tgh ( x y ) =

cosh 2 x = cosh x + senh x

2

tgh 2 x =

2 tgh x
1 + tgh 2 x

1
( cosh 2 x 1)
2
1
2
cosh x = ( cosh 2 x + 1)
2
cosh 2 x 1
tgh 2 x =
cosh 2 x + 1

senh 2 x =

tgh x =

senh 2 x
cosh 2 x + 1

e x = cosh x + senh x
e x = cosh x senh x
OTRAS

ax + bx + c = 0
2

b b 2 4ac
2a
b 2 4ac = discriminante

x=

exp ( i ) = e ( cos i sen ) si ,

LMITES
1

lim (1 + x ) x = e = 2.71828...
x 0

1
lim 1 + = e
x
x
sen x
=1
lim
x 0
x
1 cos x
=0
lim
x 0
x
ex 1
=1
lim
x 0
x
x 1
=1
lim
x 1 ln x

Dx f ( x ) =

DERIVADAS
f ( x + x ) f ( x )
df
y
= lim
= lim
x 0 x
dx x0
x

d
(c) = 0
dx
d
( cx ) = c
dx
d
( cx n ) = ncxn1
dx
d
du dv dw
(u v w ) =
dx
dx dx dx
d
du
( cu ) = c
dx
dx

Jess Rub M.
d
dv
du
( uv ) = u + v
dx
dx
dx
d
dw
dv
du
( uvw) = uv + uw + vw
dx
dx
dx
dx
d u v ( du dx ) u ( dv dx )
=
dx v
v2
d n
du
u ) = nu n 1
(
dx
dx

dF dF du
=

(Regla de la Cadena)
dx du dx
du
1
=
dx dx du
dF dF du
=
dx dx du
dy dy dt f 2 ( t )
x = f1 ( t )
=
=
donde
dx dx dt
f1( t )
y = f 2 ( t )
DERIVADA DE FUNCS LOG & EXP
d
du dx 1 du
=
( ln u ) =
dx
u
u dx
d
log e du

( log u ) =
dx
u dx
log e du
d
( log a u ) = a a > 0, a 1
dx
u
dx
d u
du
e ) = eu
(
dx
dx
d u
du
a ) = a u ln a
(
dx
dx
d v
du
dv
+ ln u u v
u ) = vu v 1
(
dx
dx
dx
DERIVADA DE FUNCIONES TRIGO
d
du
( sen u ) = cos u
dx
dx
d
du
( cos u ) = sen u
dx
dx
d
du
( tg u ) = sec2 u
dx
dx
d
du
( ctg u ) = csc2 u
dx
dx
d
du
( sec u ) = sec u tg u
dx
dx
d
du
( csc u ) = csc u ctg u
dx
dx
d
du
( vers u ) = sen u
dx
dx
DERIV DE FUNCS TRIGO INVER
d
du
1

( sen u ) =
dx
1 u 2 dx

d
du
1

( cos u ) =
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
1 du

( tg u ) =
dx
1 + u 2 dx
d
1 du
( ctg u ) = 2
dx
1 + u dx
d
du + si u > 1
1
( sec u ) = 2
dx
u u 1 dx si u < 1
d
du si u > 1
1

( csc u ) =
dx
u u 2 1 dx + si u < 1
d
du
1

( vers u ) =
dx
2u u 2 dx

DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIPERBLICAS

d
du
senh u = cosh u
dx
dx
d
du
cosh u = senh u
dx
dx
d
du
tgh u = sech 2 u
dx
dx
d
du
ctgh u = csch 2 u
dx
dx
d
du
sech u = sech u tgh u
dx
dx
d
du
csch u = csch u ctgh u
dx
dx
DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIP INV
1
d
du

senh 1 u =
dx
1 + u 2 dx
-1
1
d
du
+ si cosh u > 0
, u >1
cosh 1 u =
-1
dx
si cosh u < 0
u 2 1 dx
d
1 du
, u <1
tgh 1 u =
dx
1 u 2 dx
d
du
1
, u >1
ctgh 1 u =
dx
1 u 2 dx
1
1
d
du si sech u > 0, u 0,1

sech 1 u =
1
dx
u 1 u 2 dx + si sech u < 0, u 0,1
d
1
du
1
csch u =
, u0
dx
u 1 + u 2 dx

INTEGRALES DEFINIDAS, PROPIEDADES

{ f ( x ) g ( x )} dx = f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
cf ( x ) dx = c f ( x ) dx c
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx
f ( x ) dx = 0
m ( b a ) f ( x ) dx M ( b a )
b

m f ( x ) M x [ a, b ] , m, M

f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
b

f ( x ) g ( x ) x [ a, b ]

f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx si a < b
b

INTEGRALES

adx =ax
af ( x ) dx = a f ( x ) dx
( u v w ) dx = udx vdx wdx
udv = uv vdu ( Integracin por partes )
u n +1

u du = n + 1
n

n 1

INTEGRALES DE FUNCS LOG & EXP

e du = e
u

ctgh udu = ln senh u

sech udu = tg ( senh u )
csch udu = ctgh ( cosh u )

a u a > 0

a du = ln a a 1
u

au

ua du = ln a u ln a
u

ue du = e ( u 1)
ln udu =u ln u u = u ( ln u 1)
u

u
1
( u ln u u ) = ( ln u 1)
ln a
ln a
2
u
u log a udu = 4 ( 2log a u 1)
u2
u ln udu = 4 ( 2ln u 1)
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO

log

tgh udu = ln cosh u

udu =

sen udu = cos u

cos udu = sen u
sec udu = tg u
csc udu = ctg u
sec u tg udu = sec u
csc u ctg udu = csc u
tg udu = ln cos u = ln sec u
ctg udu = ln sen u
sec udu = ln sec u + tg u
csc udu = ln csc u ctg u

1
= ln tgh u
2
INTEGRALES DE FRAC
du
1
u
u 2 + a 2 = a tg a
u
1
= ctg
a
a
du
1 ua
2
2
=
ln
u 2 a 2 2a u + a ( u > a )
1 a+u
du
2
2
a 2 u 2 = 2a ln a u ( u < a )
INTEGRALES CON
du

a2 u2

= sen

= cos

du

u 2 a2

u
a

= ln u + u 2 a 2

udu =

du

a2 u2
du

tg udu = tg u u
ctg udu = ( ctg u + u )
2

u sen udu = sen u u cos u

u cos udu = cos u + u sen u
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO INV
2
sen udu = u sen u + 1 u

cos udu = u cos u 1 u

tg udu = u tg u ln 1 + u
ctg udu = u ctg u + ln 1 + u
sec udu = u sec u ln ( u + u

au

sen bu du =

f(

n)

( x0 )( x x0 )
n!

f ( x ) = f ( 0) + f '( 0) x +

= u sec u cosh u

csc udu = u csc u + ln ( u +

u 2 1

)
)

= u csc u + cosh u
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS HIP

f '' ( x0 )( x x0 )

f ( x ) = f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 )( x x0 ) +
+

senh udu = cosh u

cosh udu = senh u
sech udu = tgh u
csch udu = ctgh u
sech u tgh udu = sech u
csch u ctgh udu = csch u

e au ( a sen bu b cos bu )
a 2 + b2
e au ( a cos bu + b sen bu )
au
e cos bu du =
a 2 + b2
ALGUNAS SERIES

du
u = ln u

1
u
= ln
a a + a2 u 2
1
a
u u 2 a 2 = a cos u
1
u
= sec
a
a
u 2
a2
u
2
2
2
a u du = 2 a u + 2 sen a
2
u 2
a
2
2
2
2
2
u a du = 2 u a 2 ln u + u a
MS INTEGRALES

u 1
sen 2u
2 4
u 1
2
cos udu = 2 + 4 sen 2u

sen

u
a

( n)

( 0) x
n!

2!

f '' ( 0 ) x
2!

: Taylor
2

: Maclaurin

x 2 x3
xn
ex = 1 + x + + + + +
n!
2! 3!
x3 x 5 x 7
x 2 n 1
n 1
sen x = x + + + ( 1)
3! 5! 7!
( 2n 1)!
cos x = 1

x2 x4 x6
+ +
2! 4! 6!

+ ( 1)

n 1

x 2n2

( 2n 2 )!

n
x 2 x3 x 4
n 1 x
+ + + ( 1)
n
2 3 4
2 n 1
x3 x5 x7
n 1 x
tg x = x + + + ( 1)
3 5 7
2n 1

ln (1 + x ) = x