Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
CONDICIONES DE ESTANCAMIENTO
Figura 9.07:
Conducto adiabtico
DIAGRAMA h S
T-S
h,T
h,T
To
To
ps
ps
S
a.
Isentrpica
b.
irreversible
po
h,T
h,T
po
po
To
To
p
1
S
a.
Isentrpica
b.
irreversible
AG
AS
po
To
pB
pS
k 1
k 1
po k
o
To
k 1 2
= 1+
=
M =
T
2
p
k 1
p k
T
k +1
=
=
=
T
2 + (k 1) M
p
k 1
FLUJO INCOMPRESIBLE :
po =
1
V
p +
2
FLUJO COMPRESIBLE :
po
p
.=
k 1
1
+
M
k 1
2 k
b.
c.
d.
p*, *, T*
p1 = 200 kPa
T1 = 60C
V2 =280 m / s.
V1 = 146 m / s
m = 1 V1 A1
R T1
200 000 Pa
= 2,0927 kg / m3
287 J / kg K 333 K
luego
V2
C2
Co 2
+
=
2
k 1
k 1
Vmx =
2
Co
k 1
Vmx =
366 2
Co 2
=
k 1
k 1
Co = 371,57 m / s
2
371,57 m / s = 830,86 m / s
k 1
po1
po2
To
p1
1
p2
2
T*
p*1
p*2
S1
S2
k 1
po k
To
k 1 2
= 1+
=
M =
p
k 1
k 1
To
k 1 2
po k
=
M =
= 1+
333
To1 = 343,61 K
M1 = 0,399
po1 = 223,206 kPa
o1 = 2,2634 kg / m3
200
2,0927
k 1
TOBERA
h
po1
po2
ho
ec1
1
h1
ec2
ec2S
h2
h2s
p2
2s
S
tob
ho h 2
h 1 h 2 + ec 1
ec 2
V2 2 / 2
=
=
=
=
ho
h
h 1 h 2s + ec 1
ec 1
2
2s
V2 s / 2
Usualmente ec1 = 0 y:
tob =
hreal
h1 h2
=
h1 h2 s
hs
Coeficiente de velocidades :
veloc
V2
=
=
V2 s
tob
Grado De recalentamiento y:
V2 / 2
= =
Cp T1 T2 s
y =
h2 h2 S
h1 h2 S
)
1
tob
T
po1
po2
To
ec1
T1
ec2
ec2S
T2
T2s
p2S = p2
2s
S
p1 = 2,5 bar
p2 = 1,0 bar
T1 = 993 K
A2 = 0,014 m2
tob = 0,96
9.020
GASES
po = 35 bar
To = 2 500C
pa = 1 bar
ps
E = p S AS + m Vs
pS
pa
1
=
=
= 0,02857
po
po
35
k
k 1
p
2
=
p0 k + 1
*
como:
1,3
1,3 1
2
=
1,3 + 1
pS
p*
<
p0
p0
descarga subsnica
= 0,5457
9.020
AG
GASES
po = 35 bar
To = 2 500C
pa
ps
E = p s As + m Vs
a. la tobera funciona en la curva 6
1,3 1
35 1,3
k 1
2773
M S2 =
= 1+
TS
2
1
15,1813
0,3
Ms = 2,91
Ts
= 1221 K
= 0,9853 kg / m
m = V A
As = 0,0048 m2
E = 0+ 5 kg / s x 1057 m / s = 5 285 N
E = 19,76 %
k 1
2
M
1
+
k
1
+
A
1
=
A*
M
Para Ms = 2,91:
1,3+1
1,3 1
2 2 (1,31)
1
(
2
,
91
)
+
AS
1
=
A*
2,91
En [b]:
[b]
2
1,3 + 1
2
k +1
2 ( k 1)
[c]
4,65967
En ( c):
3,9607 =
1
MS
1,3 +1
1,3 1
2 2 (1,3 1)
M
1
+
S
Ms = 2,766
Luego :
2
1,3 + 1
2
1,3 1
2773
2 35
= 1+
(2,766) =
TS
2
pS
As:
1,3 1
1,3 1
15
,
1813
1,3 =
Ts = 1291,20 K.
ps = 1,2752 bar.
S = 1,18792 kg / m3
m = 1,18792
kg
m
kg
2
=
1033
0
,
85
0
,
0048
m
5
,
006655
s
s
m3
E=
P. 9.021 :
6,45 cm2
12,9 cm2
AG
19,5cm2
AS
y
po = 4,5 bar
m
pB
To = 444 k
pS
T, h
Ox
po x
OY
poY
To, ho
pS
p*X
pY
A*x
Y
px
A*Y
SX
p*Y
SY
TABLAS S = 0
Ax
A
12,9
K = 1, 4
= x =
= 2,0 . Mx = 2,20
AG
A*
6,45
px / poX = 0,09352
Tx / To
Con
M x = 2,20
TABLAS
= 0,50813
CHOQUE
K =1, 4
M y = 0,547
py / px = 5,48
T y / T x = 1,8569
poy / pox = 0,62812
poy / px = 6,7163
Con :
TABLAS
S
K =1, 4
M y = 0,55
A y / A*y = 1,2550
p y / poy = 0,81416
T y / To = 0,94295
S
TABLAS
19,5
As
K =1, 4
=
=
1
,
2550
=
1
,
8971
*
* Ay
12
,
9
Ay
Ay
As
Ay
M s = 0,33
ps / poy = 0,92736
Ts / To = 097868
ps
poy
pox
poy
pox
ps = 0,92736 x 0,62812 x 4,5 bar = 2,61 bar
Ts
Ts =
To = 0,97868 x 444 k = 434,5 k
To
Cs = 1,4 x 287 x 434,5 = 417,98 m / s
ps =
19,5cm2
AG
AS
X
po = 4,5 bar
pB
To = 444 k
pS
pB = p4 = p y
S
TABLAS
A x As 19,5
=1, 4
=
=
= 3,023 K
A G A * 6,45
M x = 2,64,
px / pox = 0,04711
Tx / To = 0,41772
Con
M x = 2,64
TABLAS
choque
K =1, 4
My = 0,50048
py / px = 7,9645
poy / pox = 0,44529
py
px
pox
px pox
p B = 7,9645 x 0,04711 x 4,5 bar = 1,688 bar
p B = p 4 = p S = py =
c. De la figura 9.29 :
- El flujo totalmente subsnico en la tobera y fuera de la
tobera, est dado por la condicin de
p2 pB < po .
- Flujo subsnico en la parte convergente y flujo
supersnico en la parte divergente de la tobera. Sin
onda de expansin ni onda de compresin fuera de la
tobera :
pB = p6.
S
k = 1, 4
TABLAS
As 19,5
=
= 3,023
A G 6,45
SUBSONICO
SUPERSONICO
Ms = 0,20
Ms = 2,64
ps / po = 0,92750
ps / po = 0,04711
pB = p6 = 0,04711x 4,5
= 4,376 bar
= 0,212 bar.
p2 = 4,376 bar
p4 = 1,688 bar
p6 = 0,212 bar
P 9.022:
6,45 cm2
19,5cm2
AS
AG
X
po = 4,5 bar
m
pB
To = 444 k
pS
p2 = 4,376 bar
p4 = 1,688 bar
p6 = 0,212 bar
a.1. Sobre-expansin :
p6 < pB < p4
0,212 bar < pB < 1,688 bar.
a.2. Sub-expansion :
pB < p6
pB < 0,212 bar
AS = 19,5cm2
A
x
po = 4,5 bar
m
pB
To = 444 k
pS = pB = 2,1 bar
T, h
Ox
po x
OY
poY
To, ho
pS
p*X
A*x
pY
Y
X
px
A*Y
SX
p*Y
SY
i)
po x
Ax* =
poy
A*y
p s As
p s As
=
pox A*
poy A*
x
y
2,1 19,5
=
4,5 6,45
ps
As
= 1,4109
poy A*
y
TABLAS
K = 1, 4
M s = 0,40
p
poy
ii)
= 0,89562
1
2,1
poy poy p S
K =1, 4
=
=
= 0,52105
0,89562 4,5
pox
p S pox
Mx = 2,45
My = 0,52
iii)
Con
S
K =1, 4
M x = 2,45
Ax / A*x = 2,5168 = A / AG
Luego :
Ax = A = (A x / A*x ) A*x
A =
P. 9.023
po
pB
=
po
TABLA
S = 0
K = 1, 4
0,12
M x = 2.04
AS
*
A
a.
AG
AS
x
pB
po
To
pox
poY
To
pY
p*X
p*Y
px
A*y
SX
SY
p y = p B = p 4 > p6
= 1,7452
O. de choque
M x = 2,04
Con
TABLA
K = 1, 4
M y = 0,57068
py
px
Ay
*
= 4,6886
= 1,7452
Ay
py =
py
px
px
po
p o = 4,6886 0,12 p o
p y = 0,5625 po = p B = p 4
B. Para pB / po = 0,60
b1. La onda de choque se produce dentro de la tobera,
para la siguiente condicin :
p4
po
<
pB
po
pS
po
p2
<
po
()
p4
= 0,5625
po
i) De la parte (a)
AS
A*
S
= 1,7452
TABLA
S
K = 1, 4
M S = 0,36
p2
po
luego, en ( ) :
= 0,914 33
0,91433
AG
AS
rs
r
r*
X
L
r - r*
rs - r
X
L
r r*
x
rs r *
x
=
=
L
x =
r r*
rs r *
r
1
*
r
rs
1
r*
()
i)
ps / po = 0,12
= 1,321
rS / r* = (1,7452)
po x Ax*
poy A*y
po S AS*
p s As
p s As
=
pox A*
po A*
S
x
S
S = 0
K =1,4
0,60 1,7452 = 1,047
TABLAS
M S = 0,537
A
s = 1,2703
A*
ps
po s
Ahora
poy
pox
= 0,8218
poy p
s
=
=
s
po
pox
ps
pox
ps
poy
poy
TABLA
O , Choque
1
K = 1, 4
0,60 = 0,73
M x = 1,98
0,8218
M y = 0,58
Con
M x = 1,98
TABLA
S = 0
K = 1, 4
AS
= 1,6597
x =
1,288 1
1,321 1
1/2
= 1,288
x = 0,8972 L