Universidad Tecnolgica Metropolitana

Facultad de Matemticas, Ciencias Naturales y Medio

Ambiente
Qumica Analtica
Ingeniera Qumica
Cationes cidos y sales bsicas

Ejercicios Resueltos:
1. Determine el pH del catin cido BeCl2 que posee concentracin
2,5x10-3 M, Ka = 1,0x10-5 4= [Be(H2O)4]2+
2+

2 () ()
+ 2 ()
2+
()
+ 4 2 () [(2 )4 ]2+
()
+
+
[(2 )4 ]2+
() + 2 () 3 () + [()(2 )3 ]()
2+

[()(2 )3 ]+
() + 2 () [(2 )4 ]() + ()
+

2 2 () 3 ()
+ ()

[3 + ] [[()(2 )3 ]+ ]
[[(2 )4 ]2+ ]

& = [3 + ] [ ]

BM:
= [[(2 )4 ]2+ ] + [[()(2 )3 ]+ ]
2 = [ ]
BC:
[3 + ] + 2 [[(2 )4 ]2+ ] + [[()(2 )3 ]+ ] = [ ] + [ ]
CP:
[3 + ] + 2 { [[()(2 )3 ]+ ]} + [[()(2 )3 ]+ ] = [ ] + [ ]
[3 + ] + 2 2 [[()(2 )3 ]+ ] + [[()(2 )3 ]+ ] = 2 + [ ]
[3 + ] [[()(2 )3 ]+ ] = [ ]
[3 + ] = [[()(2 )3 ]+ ] + [ ]
Aproximacin:
400 <
400 1,0105 < 2,5103
4103 < 2,5103
No Cumple

Despreciar [OH-] de la condicin protnica:

[3 + ] = [[()(2 )3 ]+ ] + [ ]
De BM:
[[(2 )4 ]2+ ] = [[()(2 )3 ]+ ]
Reemplazo en Ka:
=

[3 + ] [[()(2 )3 ]+ ]
[3 + ] [3 + ]
=
[[(2 )4 ]2+ ]
[[()(2 )3 ]+ ]
=

[3 + ]2
[3 + ]

( [3 + ]) = [3 + ]2
[3 + ] = [3 + ]2
Reordenando: Ecuacin Cuadrtica
[3 + ]2 + [3 + ] = 0
Reemplazando valores:
[3 + ]2 + 1,0105 [3 + ] 2,5108 = 0
Solucin y utilizando raz positiva:
[3 + ] = 1,53104
Aplicando operador log
= log[3 + ]
= log[1,53104 ]
= 3,82

2. Determine el pH de una disolucin de KBrO de concentracin

molar 1,3x10-3 M y Kb = 5,0x10-6
+

() ()
+ ()
+

() + 2 () 3 ()
+ ()

()
+ 2 () () + ()
+

2 2 () 3 ()
+ ()

[] [ ]
=
[ ]

& = [3 + ] [ ]

BM:
= [] + [ ]
= [ + ]
BC:
[3 + ] + [ + ] = [ ] + [ ]
CP:
[3 + ] + = [] + [ ]
[3 + ] + [] = [ ]
Aproximacin:
400 <
400 5,0106 < 1,3103
2103 < 1,3103
No Cumple

Despreciar [H3O+] de la condicin protnica:

[3 + ] + [] = [ ]
De BM:
[] = [ ]
Reemplazo en Kb:
=

[] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
=
[ ]
[]
=

[ ]2
[ ]

( [ ] ) = [ ]2
[ ] = [ ]2
Reordenando: Ecuacin Cuadrtica
[ ]2 + [ ] = 0
Reemplazando valores:
[ ]2 + 5,0106 [ ] 6,5109 = 0

Solucin y utilizando raz positiva:

[ ] = 7,82105
Aplicando operador log

y relacin pH + pOH = 14
= 14 + log[ ]
= 14 + log[7,82105 ]
= 9,89

3. Determine el pH de la disolucin del catin cido Al2(SO4)3 de

concentracin 5,0x10-3 M, Ka = 1,2x10-5 y 6 = [Al(H2O)6]3+
2 (4 )3

()

3+
2
2 ()
+ 3 4()

3+
()
+ 6 2 () [(2 )6 ]3+
()
+
2+
[(2 )6 ]3+
() + 2 () 3 () + [()(2 )5 ]()
3+

[()(2 )5 ]2+
() + 2 () [(2 )6 ]() + ()
+

2 2 () 3 ()
+ ()

[3 + ] [[()(2 )5 ]2+ ]
[[(2 )6 ]3+ ]

& = [3 + ] [ ]

BM:
2 = [[(2 )6 ]3+ ] + [[()(2 )5 ]2+ ]
3 = [42 ]
BC:
[3 + ] + 3 [[(2 )6 ]3+ ] + 2 [[()(2 )5 ]2+ ] = 2 [42 ] + [ ]
CP:
[3 + ] + 3 {2 [[()(2 )5 ]2+ ]} + 2 [[()(2 )5 ]2+ ]
= 2 3 + [ ]
[3 + ] + 6 3 [[()(2 )5 ]2+ ] + 2 [[()(2 )5 ]2+ ] = 6 + [ ]
[3 + ] [[()(2 )5 ]2+ ] = [ ]
[3 + ] = [[()(2 )5]2+ ] + [ ]

Aproximacin:
400 <
400 1,2105 < 5,0103
4103 < 5,0103
Cumple!
Despreciar: [[Al(OH)(H2O)5]]2+ del BM y [OH-] de CP
2 = [[(2 )6 ]3+ ] + [[()(2 )5 ]2+ ]
[3 + ] = [[()(2 )5]2+ ] + [ ]
Reemplazo en Ka:
=

[3 + ] [[()(2 )5 ]2+ ]
[3 + ] [3 + ]
=
[[(2 )6 ]3+ ]
2
=

[3 + ]2
2

2 = [3 + ]2
Aplicando Raz Cuadrada:
2 = [3 + ]
Reemplazando valores:
2 1,2105 5,0103 = [3 + ]
3,46104 = [3 + ]
Aplicando operador log
= log[3 + ]
= log[3,46104 ]
= 3,46

4. Determinar el pH de la disolucin bsica de la siguiente sal de

Mg(C2H3O2)2 de concentracin 7,7x10-3 M y Kb = 5,71x10-10
2+
(2 3 2 )2 () ()
+ 2 2 3 2()
+
2 3 2 () + 2 () 3 ()
+ 2 3 2()

2 3 2() + 2 () 2 3 2 () + ()
+

2 2 () 3 ()
+ ()

[2 3 2 ] [ ]
[2 3 2 ]

& = [3 + ] [ ]

BM:
2 = [2 3 2 ] + [2 3 2 ]
= [2+ ]
BC:
[3 + ] + 2 [2+ ] = [2 3 2 ] + [ ]
CP:
[3 + ] + 2 = 2 [2 3 2 ] + [ ]
[3 + ] + 2 = 2 [2 3 2 ] + [ ]
[3 + ] + [2 3 2 ] = [ ]
Aproximacin:
400 <
400 5,711010 < 7,7103
2,3107 < 7,7103
Cumple!
Despreciar: [HC2H3O2] del BM y [H3O+] de CP
2 = [2 3 2 ] + [2 3 2 ]
[3 + ] + [2 3 2 ] = [ ]
Reemplazo en Kb:
[2 3 2 ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
=
=
[2 3 2 ]
2
2 = [ ]2

Aplicando Raz cuadrada:

2 = [ ]
Reemplazando valores:
2 7,7103 5,711010 = [ ]
2,96106 = [ ]
Aplicando operador log

y relacin pH + pOH = 14
= 14 + log[ ]
= 14 + log[2,96106 ]
= 8,47