COMPONENTES DEL CONCRETO ARMADO

Compuesta de 6 elementos: piedra, arena, agua, huecos, cemento e impurezas

Elementos activos: agua + cemento
elementos inertes: piedras + arena
Perjudiciales: Huecos + impuerzas

Valor corresponde a una Deformacin unitaria de 0.002 a 0.007, dependiendo de la calidad del concre
Ec = mdulo de elasticidad del concreto
fc / c = Ec
RELACION AGUA - CEMENTO
habran concretos con igual dosificacion de cemento y, ser ms resistente
el que tenga una consistencia mas seca
Ec = 4300 * ^1.5 * fc^0.5
= Tn / m3
fc = Kg / cm2
Ec = Kg / cm2
Mdulo de elasticidad del Concreto: Ec
Ec = 15000 ( fc )^(1/2)
fc =
210 Kg/cm2
Ec = 15000 ( fc )^(1/2)
217371 Kg/cm2
fy = punto de fluencia
Es = Mdulo de elasticidad del acero = 2'000,000 Kg/cm2
CAPITULO II
FLEXION
Hiptesis Fundamental
v
V
Q
I
b

= esfuerzo = V * Q / ( I * b )
: esfuerzo cortante total de la seccin
: momento esttico respecto al eje neutro de la parte de la seccin comprendida entre el punto con
: momento de inercia de la seccin respecto al eje nuetro
: ancho de la viga

f
f
M
I

= el esfuerzo = M * y / I
: esfuerzo de flexin a una distancia "y" de la fibra neutra
: momento flextor externo de la seccin
: momento de inercia de las seccin transversal respecto al eje neutro

El mximo esfuerzo por flexin se produce en las fibras exteriores y vale:

f max = M * c / I

c : distancia del eje neutro a la fibra exterior

FALLA POR APLASTAMIENTO
FALLA POR FLUENCIA
FALLA BALANCEADA

s1 < y ;
s2 > y ;
s3 = y ;

fs1 < fy
fs2 = fy
fs3 = fy

2.3) ESTUDIO DE LOS ESFUERZOS EN LOS 3 ESTADOS

1) ESTADO ELASTICO NO AGRIETADO
s = fs / Es = fc1 / Ec
Es: mdulo de elasticidad del acero;
fs = fc1 * Es / Ec
(1)
Ec: mdulo de elasticidad del concreto
n = Es / Ec
relacin de mdulos de elasticidad
Es = (acero)
2000000 Kg/cm2
Ec = 15000 fc^0.5 (con
210
217371 Kg/cm2
fs = n * fc1
(2)
la fuerza de Traccin en el acero ser "T":
T = As * fs = As * n * fc1
(3)
A = As * n

diendo de la calidad del concreto

comprendida entre el punto considerando a la cara mas prxima

asticidad del acero;

asticidad del concreto

Una viga de seccin rectangular, con acero en traccin se tiene lo sgte:

b=
25 cm
h =
60 cm
d=h-5
55 cm
Acero:
3 und
As =
15.21 cm2
f'c =
280 Kg/cm2

fr = 2 * fc^0.5
33.5 Kg/cm2
fy =
4200 Kg/cm2
DETERMINAR los esfuerzos producidos por un Momento Flector de M =
M =
5 Tn m
Solucin:
Es =
2000000 Kg/cm2
Ec = 15000 * fc^0.5
250998 Kg/cm2
n = Es / Ec
8
As =
15.21 cm2
( n - 1 ) * As = AA =
106.47 cm2
Clculo del Eje Neutro
= ( b * h * h/2 + AA * d ) / (b h * AA )
= ( b * h * h/2 + AA * d ) / (b h * AA )
31.7 cm
It = b * h^3 / 12 + b * h * ( - h/2 )^2 + AA* (d - )^2
It =
512136 cm4
Esfuerzo de Traccin: fct
y = h-
28.3 cm
fct = M * y / It
28 Kg/cm2
fr = 2 * fc^0.5
33.5 Kg/cm2
Si: fct < fr, La Seccin no esta Agrietndose
la Seccin NO Esta AGRIETNDOSE
Esfuerzo de Compresin: fc
fc = M * / It

30.9 Kg/cm2
fc < fc , procede

Esfuerzo de Traccin en el Acero

y = d-
fc1 = M * y / It
fs = n * fc1

23.3
22.75 Kg/cm2
182 kg/cm2

322050861.xlsx

barras 1" de acero

resistencia del concreto
Resistencia a traccin en Flexin
(mdulo de rotura): fr
lmite de fluencia del acero

Mdulo de elasticidad de acero

redondeado a un valor entero

la Seccin NO Esta AGRIETNDOSE

322050861.xlsx

b * k * d ( K * d / 2 ) = n * As * ( d - k * d )
k^2 * d / 2 = n * As / ( b * d )* ( d - k * d )
p = As / ( b * d )
cuanta del acero en esa seccin
k^2 * d / 2 = p * n * ( d - k * d )
k^2 * d / 2 = p * n * d ( 1 - k )
k^2 = 2 * p * n * ( 1 - k )
k^2 = 2 * p * n - 2 * p * n * k )
k^2 + 2 * p * n * k - 2 * p * n = 0
resolviendo:
k = - p * n + ( (pn)^2 + 2 * p * n )^(1/2)
(4)
jd = d - k d / 3
j = 1 - k/3
(5)
= resultante de esfuerzo en compresin:
C = fo * k * d / 2 * d
(6)
T = resultante de esfuerzo de traccin:
T = As * fs
(7)
Igualando el momento exterior al momento interior
M = C j d = 1/2 fc k j d^2 b
fc = M / ( 1/2 k j d^2 b )
(8)
M = T j d = As fs j d
fs = M / ( As j d )
(9)
Momento de INERCIA de la seccion agrietada
It = b ( k d)^3 / 3 + As n ( d - k d )^2
(10)

Una viga de seccin rectangular, con acero en traccin se tiene lo sgte:

b=
25 cm
h =
60 cm
d=h-5
55 cm
Acero:
3 und
As =
15.21 cm2
f'c =
280 Kg/cm2

fr = 2 * fc^0.5
33.47 Kg/cm2
fy =
4200 Kg/cm2
DETERMINAR los esfuerzos producidos por un Momento Flector de M =
M =
10 Tn m
Solucin:
Es =
Ec = 15000 * fc^0.5

2000000 Kg/cm2
250998.01 Kg/cm2

n = Es / Ec
As =
( n - 1 ) * As = AA =
Clculo del Eje Neutro
= ( b * h * h/2 + AA * d ) / (b h * AA )
= ( b * h * h/2 + AA * d ) / (b h * AA )
It = b * h^3 / 12 + b * h * ( - h/2 )^2 + AA* (d - )^2
It =
SUPONIENDO QUE LA SECCION NO ESTA AGRIETADA
Esfuerzo de Traccin: fct
y = h-
fct = M * y / It
fr = 2 * fc^0.5
Si: fct < fr, La Seccin no esta Agrietndose
P = As / ( b * d )
k = - p * n + ( ( p * n )^2 + 2 * p * n )^0.5
k =
j = 1 - k/3
Esfuerzo Mximo de COMPRESIN
fc = M / ( 1/2 * k * j * d^2 * b )
Si: fc < fc / 2 est bien!!!

7.97
15.21 cm2
106.01 cm2

31.65 cm
511882.79 cm4

28.35 cm
55.38 Kg/cm2
33.47 Kg/cm2
La Seccin ESTA AGRIETA
0.01106
0.34088
0.88637
87.53 Kf/cm2
fc < fc/2 Correcto, continuamos

Esfuerzo de TRACCION
fs = M / ( As j d )
Momento de INERCIA de la seccin agrietada
It = b ( k d )^3 / 3 + As n ( d - k d)^2
It =

322050861.xlsx

1348.63 Kg/cm2

214227.16 cm4

barras 1" de acero

resistencia del concreto
Resistencia a traccin en Flexin (mdulo de
rotura): fr
lmite de fluencia del acero

Mdulo de elasticidad de acero

Mdulo de elasticidad del Concreto
redondeado a un valor entero, relacin Es /
Ec

Inercia
sin agrietar

Frmula de la cuanta

Esfuerzo de compresin
fc < fc/2 Correcto, continuamos
Esfuerzo de traccin
Momento de Inercia
214722.151435

322050861.xlsx

pgina 16
Una viga de seccin rectangular con acero en Traccin nicamente,
tiene las siguientes caractersticas:
b
h
d=h-5
As
fc
fy
fr = 2 * fc^0.5
M
Es =
Ec = 15000 * fc^0.5
n = Es / Ec

30 cm
65 cm
60 cm
20.28 cm2
210 Kg/cm2
4200 Kg/cm2
28.98 Kg/cm2
6.5 Tn m
2000000 Kg/cm2
217371 Kg/cm2
9.00

Suponiendo que la seccin esta SIN AGRIETAR

(n - 1) * As =
162.24 cm2
Clculo del Eje Neutro

34.6 cm
It
799833 cm4
El Esfuerzo de Traccin en el Concreto
y = h-
30.4
fct = M* y / It
24.71 Kg/cm2
fr = 2 * fc^0.5
28.98 Kg/cm2
Si fr < fct, La Seccin NO esta AGRIETADA
Luego, se tiene:
It
799833 cm4
fct = M* y / It
24.71 Kg/cm2
fs = n * fct
222.39 Kg/cm2
fs = n M ( h - ) / ( It )
185.8 Kg/cm2
fc = M / It
28.12 Kg/cm2

322050861.xlsx

322050861.xlsx

Si fr < fct, La Seccin NO esta AGRIETADA

322050861.xlsx

322050861.xlsx

fy
f'c

b
h
pb
p
0.0217
0.0216
0.0215
0.0214
0.0213
0.0212
0.0211
0.0210
0.0209
0.0208
0.0207
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0.0204
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0.0201
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0.0180
0.0179
0.0178
0.0177
0.0176
0.0175

4200
280
0.9
30
58
0.0289
Ku
66.8243
66.5888
66.3527
66.1159
65.8784
65.6402
65.4014
65.1619
64.9217
64.6808
64.4393
64.1970
63.9542
63.7106
63.4664
63.2214
62.9758
62.7296
62.4826
62.2350
61.9867
61.7378
61.4881
61.2378
60.9868
60.7351
60.4828
60.2298
59.9761
59.7217
59.4667
59.2110
58.9546
58.6975
58.4398
58.1813
57.9222
57.6625
57.4020
57.1409
56.8791
56.6166
56.3535

fy
f'c

b
h
pb
p
0.0162
0.0161
0.0160
0.0159
0.0158
0.0157
0.0156
0.0155
0.0154
0.0153
0.0152
0.0151
0.0150
0.0149
0.0148
0.0147
0.0146
0.0145
0.0144
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0.0140
0.0139
0.0138
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0.0136
0.0135
0.0134
0.0133
0.0132
0.0131
0.0130
0.0129
0.0128
0.0127
0.0126
0.0125
0.0124
0.0123
0.0122
0.0121
0.0120

4200
210
0.9
30
58
0.0216
Ku
49.9858
49.7497
49.5127
49.2749
49.0361
48.7964
48.5558
48.3143
48.0719
47.8287
47.5845
47.3394
47.0934
46.8465
46.5987
46.3501
46.1005
45.8500
45.5986
45.3463
45.0931
44.8390
44.5841
44.3282
44.0714
43.8137
43.5551
43.2956
43.0352
42.7739
42.5117
42.2487
41.9847
41.7198
41.4540
41.1873
40.9197
40.6512
40.3818
40.1115
39.8403
39.5682
39.2952

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/322050861.xlsx

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0.242
0.24

0.0174
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0.0124

56.0897
55.8252
55.5600
55.2942
55.0276
54.7604
54.4926
54.2240
53.9548
53.6849
53.4143
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52.8712
52.5986
52.3253
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50.9488
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50.3935
50.1148
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49.5554
49.2747
48.9933
48.7113
48.4285
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47.8611
47.5763
47.2909
47.0048
46.7180
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45.8536
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44.6916
44.3995
44.1066
43.8131
43.5189
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0.0119
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0.0070
0.0069

39.0214
38.7466
38.4709
38.1943
37.9168
37.6384
37.3591
37.0789
36.7978
36.5158
36.2329
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35.0923
34.8049
34.5166
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33.9373
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33.3544
33.0616
32.7679
32.4733
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31.8814
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26.7049
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file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/322050861.xlsx

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0.0123
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41.7395
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31.8387
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28.2756
27.9477
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0.0068
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23.8590
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15.2280
14.8839
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13.8461
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10.6843
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file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/322050861.xlsx

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25.6330
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0.0017
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0.0005
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0.0002
0.0001
-

6.3550
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4.8831
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3.7698
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file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/322050861.xlsx

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0.006
0.004
0.002
0
0

fy
f'c

b
h
pb
p
0.0135
0.0134
0.0133
0.0132
0.0131
0.0130
0.0129
0.0128
0.0127
0.0126
0.0125
0.0124
0.0123
0.0122
0.0121
0.0120
0.0119
0.0118
0.0117
0.0116
0.0115
0.0114
0.0113
0.0112
0.0111
0.0110
0.0109
0.0108
0.0107
0.0106
0.0105
0.0104
0.0103
0.0102
0.0101
0.0100
0.0099
0.0098
0.0097
0.0096
0.0095
0.0094
0.0093

4200
175
0.9
30
58
0.018
Ku
41.6548
41.4187
41.1814
40.9431
40.7037
40.4632
40.2216
39.9790
39.7352
39.4904
39.2445
38.9975
38.7495
38.5003
38.2501
37.9988
37.7465
37.4930
37.2385
36.9828
36.7261
36.4684
36.2095
35.9496
35.6886
35.4265
35.1633
34.8990
34.6337
34.3672
34.0997
33.8312
33.5615
33.2908
33.0189
32.7460
32.4721
32.1970
31.9208
31.6436
31.3653
31.0859
30.8055
file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/322050861.xlsx

0.0092
0.0091
0.0090
0.0089
0.0088
0.0087
0.0086
0.0085
0.0084
0.0083
0.0082
0.0081
0.0080
0.0079
0.0078
0.0077
0.0076
0.0075
0.0074
0.0073
0.0072
0.0071
0.0070
0.0069
0.0068
0.0067
0.0066
0.0065
0.0064
0.0063
0.0062
0.0061
0.0060
0.0059
0.0058
0.0057
0.0056
0.0055
0.0054
0.0053
0.0052
0.0051
0.0050
0.0049
0.0048
0.0047
0.0046
0.0045
0.0044
0.0043
0.0042

30.5239
30.2413
29.9576
29.6728
29.3869
29.1000
28.8120
28.5229
28.2327
27.9414
27.6490
27.3556
27.0611
26.7655
26.4688
26.1711
25.8723
25.5724
25.2714
24.9693
24.6661
24.3619
24.0566
23.7502
23.4427
23.1342
22.8245
22.5138
22.2020
21.8891
21.5752
21.2602
20.9440
20.6268
20.3086
19.9892
19.6688
19.3472
19.0246
18.7010
18.3762
18.0504
17.7234
17.3954
17.0664
16.7362
16.4050
16.0726
15.7392
15.4048
15.0692
file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/322050861.xlsx

0.0041
0.0040
0.0039
0.0038
0.0037
0.0036
0.0035
0.0034
0.0033
0.0032
0.0031
0.0030
0.0029
0.0028
0.0027
0.0026
0.0025
0.0024
0.0023
0.0022
0.0021
0.0020
0.0019
0.0018
0.0017
0.0016
0.0015
0.0014
0.0013
0.0012
0.0011
0.0010
0.0009
0.0008
0.0007
0.0006
0.0005
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0.0000
-

14.7326
14.3948
14.0560
13.7161
13.3752
13.0331
12.6900
12.3458
12.0005
11.6541
11.3067
10.9582
10.6086
10.2579
9.9061
9.5533
9.1993
8.8443
8.4882
8.1311
7.7728
7.4135
7.0531
6.6916
6.3290
5.9654
5.6006
5.2348
4.8679
4.4999
4.1309
3.7608
3.3895
3.0172
2.6439
2.2694
1.8939
1.5173
1.1396
0.7608
0.3809
-

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/322050861.xlsx

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/322050861.xlsx

Pag. 17
en la viga mostrada, se pide calcular el valor de la mxima carga
uniformemente repartida, que soportaria la viga en el estado
elstico sin agrietar
b
h
l (luz) =
fc
fy
As
recubrimiento

35 cm
40 cm
4m
210 Kg/cm2
4200 Kg/cm2
15.21 cm2
4 cm

Solucin:
El momento mximo es una viga simplemente apoyada
M max = l / 8
M max =
2 t-m
Mdulo de rotura: fr
fr = 2 * fc^0.5
29 Kg/cm2
Es
2000000
Ec = 15000 * fc^0.5
217371
n = Es / Ec
9
Pero requerimos hallar "" del agrietamiento,
el lmite que tomaremos ser:
fct = fr =
29 Kg/cm2
pero:
fct = M * y / I
Clculo del eje neutro:
En la seccin transformada: As ( n - 1 )
As ( n - 1 )
121.68 cm2
d = h - recubrimiento
36 cm
= (b * h * b/2 + As ( n - 1) * d ) / (b * h + As(n-1))
=
21.3 cm
Clculo del Momento de Inercia: It
It = b h /12 +b h ( -b/2 ) + As(n-1) (h-)
231582.9 cm4
despejando
=
1.796 t-m
Entonces, reemplazando datos y multiplicando tenemos
M max =
3.592 t-m

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/322050861.xlsx

pag. 18
en la viga mostrada, se pide calcular el valor de la mxima carga
uniformemente repartida, que soportaria la viga en el estado
elstico sin agrietar
b
h
l (luz) =
fc
fy
As
recubrimiento

35 cm
40 cm
4m
210 Kg/cm2
4200 Kg/cm2
15.21 cm2
4 cm

Solucin:
El momento mximo es una viga simplemente apoyada
M max = l / 8
M max =
2 t-m
Mdulo de rotura: fr
fr = 2 * fc^0.5
29 Kg/cm2
Es
2000000
Ec = 15000 * fc^0.5
217371
n = Es / Ec
9
Pero requerimo hallar "" del agrietamiento,
el lmite que tomaremos ser:
fct = fr =
29 Kg/cm2
pero:
fct = M * y / I
Clculo del eje neutro:
En la seccin transformada: As ( n - 1 )
As ( n - 1 )
121.68 cm2
d = h - recubrimiento
36 cm
= (b * h * b/2 + As ( n - 1) * d ) / (b * h + As(n-1))
=
21.3 cm
Clculo del Momento de Inercia: It
It = b h /12 +b h ( -b/2 ) + As(n-1) (h-)
231582.95 cm4
despejando
=
1.796 t-m
Ahora al problema se le aplica un carga uniformemente repartida
igual a 1.5 veces la carga uniformemente repartida,
que produce el agrietamiento: = 1.5 agrietamiento
Calcular:
a) el mximoa esfuerzo de compresin del concreto: fc
b) el esfuerzo de traccin del acero: fs
c) el momento de inercia de la seccin transformada
SOLUCION:
= 1.5 agrietamiento
2.69 t-m

M max = l / 8
5.38 t-m
Conocemos que:
p = As / ( b * d )
0.0121
K = ((p*n)+2*p*n)^0.5- p*n
0.370
j=1-K/3
0.877
a) el mximoa esfuerzo de compresin del concreto: fc
0.5 fc =
105 Kg/cm2
fc = M / ( 1/2 K j d b )
73.1 Kg/cm2
Si: fc < 0.5 fc Correcto!!!
b) el esfuerzo de traccin del acero: fs
fs = M / ( As j b )
1120.34 Kg/cm2
c) el momento de inercia de la seccin transformada
It = b ( K d)/3 + n As ( d - K d )
97985 cm4

Pag. 19
Una viga de seccin rectangular con acero en traccin nicamente
tiene las siguientes caractersticas
b
30 cm
h
65 cm
r : recubrimiento
5 cm
d=h-r
60 cm
As
15.21 cm2
fc
300 kg/cm2
fy
4200 kg/cm2
fr = 2 * fc^0.5
34.64 Mdulo de rotura
Encontrar el Momento de Inercia de la seccin Transformada,
si de tiene un momento aplicado de:
M
11 T-m
Solucin
Es:
2000000 Kg/cm2
Ec: 15000 * fc^0.5
259808 Kg/cm2
n = Es / Ec
8
Suponiendo que la seccin esta Sin Agrietar: As(n-1)
As(n-1) =
Clculo del Eje Neutro:
= ( b * h * h/2 + As(n-1) *d )/(b*h+As(n-1))
y=h/2
It = b h /12 +b h ( - y) + As(n-1) (d-)
y1 = h -
Esfuerzo de Traccin del concreto: fct
fr = 2 * fc^0.5
fct = M * y1 / It

106.47 cm2

33.92 cm
32.5
762912 cm4
31.08

34.64 Mdulo de rotura

44.81 Kg/cm2
Si fct > fr, Entonces: La Seccin se Esta Agrietn
Se ESTA AGRIETANDOSE fct > fr

pero :
p = As / ( b * d )
K = ((p*n)+2*p*n)^0.5- p*n
j=1-K/3
c) el momento de inercia de la seccin transformada
It = b ( K d)/3 + n As ( d - K d )

0.00845
0.306
0.898

272869 cm4

n se Esta Agrietndose!!!