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Documentos de Profesional
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MTODOS ELCTRICOS I
ING. GEOCIENCIAS
CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA
GOC 1020
SATCA 2 2 4
4523C 16 17 U11 L M MI J
ALFREDO VILLA SNCHEZ 14071597
JHONATAN ARTEAGA MENDOZA 14070564
REYNA JUDITH TREJO RAMIREZ 14071363
LUIS ALBERTO HERNANDEZ POSADAS 14070821
JOS ENRIQUEZ MARTNEZ SANTANDER 14071023
GUSTAVO ADOLFO MENDOZA DOMNGUEZ 14070941
SAAVEDRA PADRN RODOLFO
INTRODUCCIN
Sin embargo la sencillez del equipo que precisa as como la facilidad de implementacin
en el campo, justifican la descripcin de este mtodo.
NDICE
Introduccin.. 1
Objetivo del mtodo.... 3
Configuracin del gradiente 4
Configuracin de base fija.. 4
Configuracin multielectrdica... 4
Prctica De Demostracin.. 5
Demostracin de experimento Potencial Espontneo En
Campo
Resultados obtenidos. 8
Conclusin.. 24
El mtodo del Potencial espontneo se basa en medir entre dos puntos del terreno,
cual es la diferencia de potencial elctrica generada de forma natural en el
subsuelo.
CONFIGURACIN MULTIELECTRDICA
Es similar a la anterior, pero a diferencia de sta, ahora no vamos de estacin en
estacin conectando el electrodo B con el de referencia, y luego medimos, sino que
ahora disponemos de un gran nmero de electrodos, los cuales ya estn todos
conectados a la base de referencia mediante un cable multiconductor. Mediante un
sistema multicanal de adquisicin de datos, iremos realizando de forma automtica toda
la secuencia de medidas, con el espaciado temporal que nosotros queramos.
PRCTICA DE DEMOSTRACIN
Potencial Espontneo Sobre Cartulina
Objetivo de la prctica:
Observar y registrar el fenmeno del potencial espontneo sobre un tramo de cartulina
blanca a la que se le aplic una capa de grafito en diversas partes.
Materiales necesarios:
Cartulina blanca
Grafito
Cable elctrico
Cuaderno de apuntes y pluma
Multmetro
Regulador con transformador de voltaje
En esta prctica se trabaj con 2 cartulinas a las cuales se les aplico grafito y crear
zonas donde el grafito estuviese en mayores cantidades que otras.
Una vez pintadas las cartulinas, se procede a realizar una serie de puntos para
usarse como coordenadas. Esto nos servir al momento de realizar las
mediciones y registrar los datos en el programa Surfer.
Una vez reunidos los datos necesarios, los compilamos en una hoja de Excel
para que despus Surfer los interprete y acomode grficamente.
DATOS CARTULINA 1
Gridding Report
0.07 seconds
Data Source
Source Data File Name:
X Column:
Y Column:
Z Column:
Data Counts
Active Data:
150
Original Data:
Excluded Data:
Deleted Duplicates:
Retained Duplicates:
Artificial Data:
Superseded Data:
150
0
0
0
0
0
Exclusion Filtering
Exclusion Filter String:
Not In Use
Duplicate Filtering
Duplicate Points to Keep:
X Duplicate Tolerance:
Y Duplicate Tolerance:
First
1E-006
1.6E-006
Breakline Filtering
Breakline Filtering:
Not In Use
Data Counts
Active Data:
150
Univariate Statistics
X
Y
Z
Count:
150
150
150
1%%-tile:
5%%-tile:
10%%-tile:
25%%-tile:
50%%-tile:
75%%-tile:
90%%-tile:
95%%-tile:
99%%-tile:
1
1
1
3
5
8
9
10
10
1
1
2
4
8
12
14
15
15
0.005
0.026
0.111
0.138
0.164
0.25
3.453
3.569
4.824
Minimum:
Maximum:
1
10
1
15
0.004
8.11
Mean:
Median:
Geometric Mean:
Harmonic Mean:
Root Mean Square:
Trim Mean (10%%):
Interquartile Mean:
Midrange:
Winsorized Mean:
TriMean:
5.5
5.5
4.52872868812
3.41417152147
6.204836823
5.46666666667
5.46666666667
5.5
5.4
5.25
8
8
6.42342474978
4.52048367687
9.09212113132
7.94814814815
7.94666666667
8
8
8
0.800813333333
0.164
0.247326180309
0.0820487958512
1.66044924042
0.592911111111
0.172933333333
4.057
0.722126666667
0.179
Variance:
Standard Deviation:
Interquartile Range:
Range:
Mean Difference:
Median Abs. Deviation:
Average Abs. Deviation:
Quartile Dispersion:
Relative Mean Diff.:
8.30536912752
2.88190373321
5
9
3.32214765101
2.5
2.5
0.454545454545
0.604026845638
18.7919463087
4.33496785556
8
14
5.01118568233
4
3.73333333333
0.5
0.626398210291
2.12998961593
1.4594483944
0.112
8.106
1.13885691275
0.0395
0.677493333333
0.288659793814
1.42212531354
Standard Error:
Coef. of Variation:
Skewness:
Kurtosis:
0.235306454473
0.523982496948
0
1.75215973064
0.35394864325
0.541870981945
0
1.76550809524
0.119163462407
1.82245766105
2.41672309832
9.10397083995
Sum:
Sum Absolute:
Sum Squares:
Mean Square:
825
825
5775
38.5
1200
1200
12400
82.6666666667
120.122
120.122
413.563752
2.75709168
Inter-Variable Covariance
X
Y
Z
X:
8.3053691
0
1.8310336
Y:
0
18.791946
-1.6480805
Z:
1.8310336
-1.6480805
2.1299896
Inter-Variable Correlation
X
Y
Z
X:
1.000
0.000
0.435
Y:
0.000
1.000
-0.260
Z:
0.435
-0.260
1.000
X
Y
Z
X:
1.000
0.000
0.373
Y:
0.000
1.000
-0.524
Z:
0.373
-0.524
1.000
PC1
PC2
PC3
X:
0.96597272
0.96597272
-0.258079958697
Y:
0.0420476479154
0.0420476479154
0.0915692051146
Z:
0.255203251391
0.255203251391
0.0915692051146
Lambda: 18.9564461696
8.78911541506
1.48174346749
10
A
B
C
Inter-Parameter Correlations
A
B
C
A:
1.000
-0.000
-0.673
B:
-0.000
1.000
-0.651
C:
-0.673
-0.651
1.000
ANOVA Table
Source
df
Sum of Squares
Mean Square
F
Regression:
2
81.6841398489
40.8420699245
25.4738391554
Residual:
147
235.684312924
1.60329464574
Total:
149
317.368452773
0.257379519404
Separation
|Delta Z|
1%%-tile:
1
0
5%%-tile:
1
0.001
10%%-tile:
1
0.002
25%%-tile:
1
0.005
50%%-tile:
1
0.009
75%%-tile:
1
0.031
90%%-tile:
1
0.208
95%%-tile:
1
0.619
99%%-tile:
1
1.186
Minimum:
Maximum:
1
1
0
1.506
Mean:
Median:
1
1
0.0959266666667
0.0095
11
Geometric Mean:
Harmonic Mean:
Root Mean Square:
Trim Mean (10%%):
Interquartile Mean:
Midrange:
Winsorized Mean:
TriMean:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N/A
N/A
0.269656534626
0.0458888888889
0.0115466666667
0.753
0.0401866666667
0.0135
Variance:
Standard Deviation:
Interquartile Range:
Range:
Mean Difference:
Median Abs. Deviation:
Average Abs. Deviation:
Quartile Dispersion:
Relative Mean Diff.:
0
N/A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0639389811633
0.252861584989
0.026
1.506
0.162006711409
0.0065
0.0915
N/A
1.68886001191
Standard Error:
Coef. of Variation:
Skewness:
Kurtosis:
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.0206460619592
2.63598844592
3.50258406304
15.3812036327
Sum:
150
14.389
Sum Absolute:
150
14.389
Sum Squares:
150
10.907197
Mean Square:
1
0.0727146466667
1.19047619048
2.18217890236
1121.99737628
Gridding Rules
Gridding Method:
Kriging Type:
Kriging
Point
0
no
Semi-Variogram Model
Component Type:
Anisotropy Angle:
Anisotropy Ratio:
Variogram Slope:
Linear
0
1
1
Search Parameters
No Search (use all data):
true
12
Output Grid
Grid File Name:
Grid Size:
Total Nodes:
Filled Nodes:
Blanked Nodes:
Blank Value:
Grid Geometry
X Minimum:
X Maximum:
X Spacing:
1
10
0.140625
Y Minimum:
Y Maximum:
Y Spacing:
1
15
0.14141414141414
Count:
6500
1%%-tile:
5%%-tile:
10%%-tile:
25%%-tile:
50%%-tile:
75%%-tile:
90%%-tile:
95%%-tile:
99%%-tile:
0.0210961209638
0.0661592060076
0.0948562887657
0.124480532352
0.154147209409
0.601438920919
3.12807632588
3.52095578798
4.7338395915
Minimum:
Maximum:
-0.0368472791459
8.10054561684
Mean:
Median:
Geometric Mean:
Harmonic Mean:
Root Mean Square:
Trim Mean (10%%):
Interquartile Mean:
Midrange:
Winsorized Mean:
TriMean:
0.773453625321
0.154155018619
N/A
N/A
1.4681111595
0.62400682587
0.181497372643
4.03184916885
0.712136277443
0.258553468022
Variance:
Standard Deviation:
Interquartile Range:
Range:
1.55735945988
1.24794208995
0.476958388567
8.13739289599
13
Mean Difference:
Median Abs. Deviation:
Average Abs. Deviation:
Quartile Dispersion:
Relative Mean Diff.:
1.05838613
0.0443674952934
0.657989449305
N/A
N/A
Standard Error:
Coef. of Variation:
Skewness:
Kurtosis:
0.015478816591
N/A
2.07225429843
7.19899082789
Sum:
5027.44856459
Sum Absolute:
5027.89473406
Sum Squares:
14009.7774481
Mean Square:
2.15535037664
14
MAPA DE VECTORES
COUNTOUR MAP
3D WIREFRAME
15
DATOS CARTULINA 2
Gridding Report
0.05 seconds
Data Source
Source Data File Name:
X Column:
Y Column:
Z Column:
Data Counts
Active Data:
150
Original Data:
Excluded Data:
Deleted Duplicates:
Retained Duplicates:
Artificial Data:
Superseded Data:
150
0
0
0
0
0
Exclusion Filtering
Exclusion Filter String:
Not In Use
Duplicate Filtering
Duplicate Points to Keep:
X Duplicate Tolerance:
Y Duplicate Tolerance:
First
1E-006
1.6E-006
Breakline Filtering
Breakline Filtering:
Not In Use
16
Data Counts
Active Data:
150
Univariate Statistics
X
Y
Z
Count:
150
150
150
1%%-tile:
5%%-tile:
10%%-tile:
25%%-tile:
50%%-tile:
75%%-tile:
90%%-tile:
95%%-tile:
99%%-tile:
1
1
1
3
5
8
9
10
10
1
1
2
4
8
12
14
15
15
0.043
0.06
0.069
0.103
0.14
0.2
0.313
0.58
2.885
Minimum:
Maximum:
1
10
1
15
0.036
3.509
Mean:
Median:
Geometric Mean:
Harmonic Mean:
Root Mean Square:
Trim Mean (10%%):
Interquartile Mean:
Midrange:
Winsorized Mean:
TriMean:
5.5
5.5
4.52872868812
3.41417152147
6.204836823
5.46666666667
5.46666666667
5.5
5.4
5.25
8
8
6.42342474978
4.52048367687
9.09212113132
7.94814814815
7.94666666667
8
8
8
0.25432
0.14
0.156309517071
0.126013978595
0.538752299299
0.161851851852
0.143266666667
1.7725
0.159033333333
0.14575
Variance:
Standard Deviation:
Interquartile Range:
Range:
Mean Difference:
Median Abs. Deviation:
Average Abs. Deviation:
Quartile Dispersion:
Relative Mean Diff.:
8.30536912752
2.88190373321
5
9
3.32214765101
2.5
2.5
0.454545454545
0.604026845638
18.7919463087
4.33496785556
8
14
5.01118568233
4
3.73333333333
0.5
0.626398210291
0.227089306309
0.476538882263
0.097
3.473
0.270860850112
0.048
0.15712
0.320132013201
1.06503951758
Standard Error:
Coef. of Variation:
Skewness:
Kurtosis:
0.235306454473
0.523982496948
0
1.75215973064
0.35394864325
0.541870981945
0
1.76550809524
0.0389092368047
1.87377666823
5.00109083859
29.5459066606
Sum:
Sum Absolute:
Sum Squares:
Mean Square:
825
825
5775
38.5
1200
1200
12400
82.6666666667
38.148
38.148
43.538106
0.29025404
17
Inter-Variable Covariance
X
Y
Z
X:
8.3053691
0
0.27498658
Y:
0
18.791946
-0.04366443
Z:
0.27498658
-0.04366443
0.22708931
Inter-Variable Correlation
X
Y
Z
X:
1.000
0.000
0.200
Y:
0.000
1.000
-0.021
Z:
0.200
-0.021
1.000
X
Y
Z
X:
1.000
0.000
0.010
Y:
0.000
1.000
-0.041
Z:
0.010
-0.041
1.000
PC1
PC2
PC3
X:
0.999422486465
0.999422486465
-0.0339807260209
Y:
0.00014161557174
0.00014161557174
0.00234943283695
Z:
0.0339804869395
0.0339804869395
0.00234943283695
Lambda: 18.7920490465
8.31471870482
0.217636991201
18
A
B
C
Inter-Parameter Correlations
A
B
C
A:
1.000
-0.000
-0.673
B:
-0.000
1.000
-0.651
C:
-0.673
-0.651
1.000
ANOVA Table
Source
df
Sum of Squares
Mean Square
F
Regression:
2
1.37171249228
0.68585624614
3.10556379432
Residual:
147
32.4645941477
0.220847579236
Total:
149
33.83630664
0.0405396637072
Separation
|Delta Z|
1%%-tile:
1
0
5%%-tile:
1
0
10%%-tile:
1
0.001
25%%-tile:
1
0.004
50%%-tile:
1
0.015
75%%-tile:
1
0.033
90%%-tile:
1
0.082
95%%-tile:
1
0.262
99%%-tile:
1
0.619
Minimum:
Maximum:
1
1
0
1.373
Mean:
Median:
1
1
0.0541
0.015
19
Geometric Mean:
Harmonic Mean:
Root Mean Square:
Trim Mean (10%%):
Interquartile Mean:
Midrange:
Winsorized Mean:
TriMean:
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N/A
N/A
0.159052087904
0.0256148148148
0.01504
0.6865
0.0240133333333
0.01675
Variance:
Standard Deviation:
Interquartile Range:
Range:
Mean Difference:
Median Abs. Deviation:
Average Abs. Deviation:
Quartile Dispersion:
Relative Mean Diff.:
0
N/A
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.0225208959732
0.150069637079
0.029
1.373
0.084446442953
0.012
0.0484866666667
N/A
1.56093240209
Standard Error:
Coef. of Variation:
Skewness:
Kurtosis:
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.0122531345576
2.77393044509
5.75392190444
43.8745277869
Sum:
150
8.115
Sum Absolute:
150
8.115
Sum Squares:
150
3.794635
Mean Square:
1
0.0252975666667
1.19047619048
2.18217890236
1121.99737628
Gridding Rules
Gridding Method:
Kriging Type:
Kriging
Point
0
no
Semi-Variogram Model
Component Type:
Anisotropy Angle:
Anisotropy Ratio:
Variogram Slope:
Linear
0
1
1
Search Parameters
No Search (use all data):
true
20
Output Grid
Grid File Name:
Grid Size:
Total Nodes:
Filled Nodes:
Blanked Nodes:
Blank Value:
Grid Geometry
X Minimum:
X Maximum:
X Spacing:
1
10
0.140625
Y Minimum:
Y Maximum:
Y Spacing:
1
15
0.14141414141414
Count:
6500
1%%-tile:
5%%-tile:
10%%-tile:
25%%-tile:
50%%-tile:
75%%-tile:
90%%-tile:
95%%-tile:
99%%-tile:
0.0543223214448
0.0729475789157
0.0868470661395
0.105802031362
0.141223129854
0.20064185307
0.374421283551
0.770350735683
2.39208215542
Minimum:
Maximum:
0.0323601297133
3.44240168954
Mean:
Median:
Geometric Mean:
Harmonic Mean:
Root Mean Square:
Trim Mean (10%%):
Interquartile Mean:
Midrange:
Winsorized Mean:
TriMean:
0.241317738744
0.141226167884
0.163144181719
0.13627589591
0.446625877126
0.172644432786
0.144658096346
1.73738090963
0.1705436512
0.147222536035
Variance:
Standard Deviation:
Interquartile Range:
Range:
0.141262155726
0.375848580848
0.0948398217074
3.41004155983
21
Mean Difference:
Median Abs. Deviation:
Average Abs. Deviation:
Quartile Dispersion:
Relative Mean Diff.:
0.231998697084
0.0426814584912
0.137706723008
0.309485117914
0.9613826911
Standard Error:
Coef. of Variation:
Skewness:
Kurtosis:
0.00466182789712
1.55748426454
4.83588212026
29.1125127842
Sum:
1568.56530184
Sum Absolute:
1568.56530184
Sum Squares:
1296.58538177
Mean Square:
0.199474674119
22
MAPA DE VECTORES
CONTOUR MAP
3D WIREFRAME
23
CONCLUSIN
Las principales ventajas de este mtodo son:
24