F.)*'($!

'$"@ST"AANBAUU
V('#'!/,)"4-).*,)"&'"%'/0,(,2O$"O2!'$"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""W+*+#-!6"A;@;"BHXXY"@Z@U"B"US[:"B"HXXY",!B(.!'""HXXY"@::S"B"[AUA"
ALEJANDRO TOSELLI
229

Capitulo 12
Dorsales Ocenicas
Introduccin
!"#$%$"&'"($)"*+'!*$)",*'-!.*$)"#+')/0$"1+'"(,)"$**.&'!/')"/,%,20-3*,)"#-)"!,/$4(')"
corresponden a las Dorsales Medio Ocenicas (DMO), que forman crestas que se elevan de
1.000 a 3.000 m por encima del fondo ocenico que las rodea. Estas dorsales se desarrollan
'!" ($" %$0/'" #'&.$" &'" ($)" *+'!*$)" ,*'-!.*$)" #$5,0')6" *,!" #$0*$&$)" %'!&.'!/')" '!" $#4,)"
7$!*,)"5"$(*$!8$!"(,!2./+&')"1+'"'!"/,/$("'9*'&'!"(,)":;<;;;"=#">?.2<"@AB@C<" !$"%$0/.*+($0"
'9%0').D!"&'(").)/'#$"&'"EFG"(,"*,!)/./+5'"H)($!&.$6"1+'"I,0#$"%$0/'"&'"($"&,0)$("#'&.,B
Atlntica. Asimismo, el fondo ocenico es cortado por centenares de fracturas que tienen un
%$/0D!"*$)."%$0$('(,"'!/0'")."5")'"&')$00,(($!"$%0,9.#$&$#'!/'"!,0#$(')"$("'J'"&'"($"&,0)$("5"
1+'")'"&'!,#.!$!"I0$*/+0$)"&'"/0$!)I,0#$*.D!<

Fig. 12-1."E.)/0.4+*.D!"&'(").)/'#$"&'"&,0)$(')"#'&.,B,*'-!.*$)<"K$)"L'(,*.&$&')"&'"&.)/'!).D!"5""""*,!L'02'!*.$"')"
%0,%,0*.,!$("$"($"(,!2./+&"&'"(,)"L'*/,0')">#,&.3*$&,"&'"M.(),!"@NN@C<

E'"$*+'0&,"$"($"/',0O$"&'"($)"%($*$)"/'*/D!.*$)"($)"EFG">,"#-02'!')"&'"%($*$)"*,!)/0+*/.L$)"
,"$&./.L$)C6"*,!)/./+5'!"(.#./')"'!/0'"($)"%($*$)"'!"(,)"1+'")'"2'!'0$"(./D)I'0$",*'-!.*$">*,0/'8$"
P" #$!/,C6" '!" 0')%+')/$" $" ($" I+).D!" %$0*.$(" &'" (Q'08,(./$" &'(" #$!/,6" 1+'" /.'!'" (+2$0" %,0"
&')*,#%0').D!"$&.$4-/.*$"'!"+!$"')/0'*Q$"8,!$"&'"$)*'!),"&'"#$/'0.$("*$(.'!/'"$)/'!,)IR0.*,<"
K$"I+).D!"%$0*.$("%0,&+*'"#$2#$"4$)-(/.*,6"1+'"')".!/0+.&,"$"/0$LR)"&'"I0$*/+0$)"/'!).,!$(')"
'!"8,!$)"&'"%,*,)"=.(D#'/0,)"&'"$!*Q,"'!"'("'J'"&'"($"&,0)$(<"K$)"!+'L$)"0,*$)"2'!'0$&$)"
%$)$!" $" I,0#$0" %$0/'" &'" ($" *,0/'8$" ,*'-!.*$6" ).'!&," '!/,!*')" /0$!)%,0/$&$)" Q$*.$" $#4,)"

230

DORSALES OCENICAS

($&,)" &'" ($" &,0)$(" %,0" +!" %0,*')," *,!/.!+," &'" '9%$!).D!" &'(" I,!&," ,*'-!.*,6" 1+'" /.'!'"
L'(,*.&$&')"'!/0'"@B@;"*#\$],<"^,#,"'("/$#$],"&'"($"W.'00$"')"*,!)/$!/'6"($"!+'L$"(./D)I'0$"
)D(,"')"*0'$&$"'!"($"*$!/.&$&"1+'"%+'&'")'0"*,!)+#.&$"%,0"($)"8,!$)"&'")+4&+**.D!<"_"/0$LR)"
&'(" /.'#%," 2',(D2.*," +!$" )+*').D!" &'" *+'!*$)" ,*'-!.*$)" Q$!" ).&," *0'$&$)" 5" *'00$&$)<" V("
%0')'!/'"'%.),&.,"&'"&'0.L$"*,!/.!'!/$("5"'9%$!).D!"&'("I,!&,",*'-!.*,6"*,#'!8D"Q$*'"+!,)"
A;;"F$6"*,!"($"$%'0/+0$"&'"(,)",*R$!,)"_/(-!/.*,"'"H!&.*,6"(,)"*+$(')").2+'!"$+#'!/$!&,")+"
/$#$],6"*,!"0')%'*/,"$(",*R$!,"`$*O3*,"1+'"')/-"&'*0'*.'!&,<
K,)" 4$)$(/,)" &'" (,)" I,!&,)" ,*'-!.*,)" /.'!'!" *$0$*/'0O)/.*$)" 1+O#.*$)" 5" %'/0,(D2.*$)"
&.)/.!/.L$)"5"),!"(,)"*,#%,!'!/')"#$5,0')"&'"($"*,0/'8$",*'-!.*$<"V)/,)"4$)$(/,)"Q$!").&,"
(($#$&,)T"4$)$(/,)")+4#$0.!,)6"4$)$(/,)"&'"I,!&,",*'-!.*,6"4$)$(/,)"$4.)$(')6"4$)$(/,)"&'"($)"
&,0)$(')"#'&.,",*'-!.*$)">FGabC<"K,)"4$)$(/,)"'0+%*.,!$&,)"$"(,"($02,"&'")'2#'!/,)"&'"
&,0)$(')"/,%,20-3*$#'!/'"c!,0#$(')d"/.'!'!"&.I'0'!*.$)".),/D%.*$)"5"&'"'('#'!/,)"/0$8$)6"
*,!"(,)"'0+%*.,!$&,)"$"#$5,0')"$(/+0$)"/,%,20-3*$)"%,0"'!*.#$"&'"($)"&,0)$(')"*,#,"H)($!&.$<"
`,0")+"%$0/'"K$)"_8,0')6"K$)"e$(-%$2,)6"b,+L'/"5"a'+!.D!6"/.'!'!"$3!.&$&')"*,!"(,)"4$)$(/,)"
&'"($)".)($)",*'-!.*$)">GHbC6"%'0,"),!"*$).".!&.)/.!2+.4(')"&'"(,)"FGabBY">!,0#$(')C"'!"
/R0#.!,)"&'"%'/0,20$IO$6"#.!'0$(,2O$"5"'('#'!/,)"1+O#.*,)"#$5,0')<

Fig. 12-2."V)1+'#$"Q.%,/R/.*,"&'"($)"&,0)$(')"#'&.,B,*'-!.*$)6"#,)/0$!&,"($"')/0+*/+0$""&'"($"*,0/'8$",*'-!.*$6"&'"
($)",3,(./$)"5"(,)"%0,*'),)"1+'"&$0O$!",0.2'!"$("#$2#$"4$)-(/.*,<

`,0"&'4$J,"&'"+!$"*$%$"&'")'&.#'!/,)"1+'")'"&'%,)./$"%,0"I+'0$"&'("0.I/",*'-!.*,6"($)"
).2+.'!/')"(./,(,2O$)"%+'&'!"&.)/.!2+.0)'"Q$*.$"($"%0,I+!&.&$&T
@<"?(+J,)"&'"($L$"4$)-(/.*,)6"*,#f!#'!/'"%.((,g)<
A<"E.1+')"&'"&.$4$)$)"5"4$)$(/,)<
[<" e$40,)" #$).L,)" 1+'" )'" L+'(L'!" 4$!&'$&,)" '!" %0,I+!&.&$&" 20$&$!&," $" *+#+($/,)"
+(/0$#-3*,)"4$!&'$&,)"1+'"I,0#$"($"*-#$0$"#$2#-/.*$"*,0/.*$(<
U<"^,!/$*/,)"(,*$(#'!/'"#$0*$&,)"*,!"(,)"*+#+($/,)""($"%'0.&,/./$"&'("#$!/,"1+'"/.'!'"
/'#%'0$/+0$)"#-)"$(/$)"5"I-40.*$"&'"&'I,0#$*.D!"'!"')/$&,")D(.&,<
K$" %'0*,($*.D!" &'(" $2+$" &'" #$0" &'!/0," &'" ($)" 0,*$)" 4$)-(/.*$)" I0$*/+0$&$)6" ($)" '!I0O$" 5"

ALEJANDRO TOSELLI

231

%0,&+*'".!/'!)$"$(/'0$*.D!","#'/$#,03)#,"&'("I,!&,",*'-!.*,<"_&'#-)6"($"(./D)I'0$"'!")+"
*,!J+!/,")'"'!I0O$"%,0"*,!&+**.D!"*$(D0.*$"5"$"#'&.&$"1+'")'"$('J$"&'("4,0&'"&'"$*0'*.D!6")'"
enfra y engrosa.

Naturaleza de la corteza ocenica

K,)" ')/+&.,)" %$(',#$2!R/.*,)6" '!" ($" &R*$&$" &'(" :;6" 0'L'($0,!" ($" '9.)/'!*.$" &'" 4$!&$)"
#$2!R/.*$)" ),40'" '(" I,!&," ,*'-!.*,6" 1+'" %'0#./.'0,!" I+!&$#'!/$0" ($" /',0O$" #,&'0!$" &'"
/'*/D!.*$"&'"%($*$)"5"($"'9%$!).D!"&'("I,!&,",*'-!.*,<"V("*$#%,"#$2!R/.*,"&'"($"W.'00$"')"
$(/$#'!/'"L$0.$4('"'".!L.'0/'")+"&.0'**.D!"%'0.D&.*$#'!/'6"&+0$!/'"'("/.'#%,"2',(D2.*,6"$)O"'("
paleopolo norte se vuelve paleopolo sur y viceversa. El estudio detallado del fondo marino
%'0#./.D"&')*+40.0"'!"'("_/(-!/.*,"!,0/'6"+!$")'0.'"&'"0'2.)/0,)"0'L'0),)"0'2+($0')"$(/'0!$!/')"
&'",0.'!/$*.D!"%$(',#$2!R/.*$6").#R/0.*$"$"$#4,)"($&,)"&'"($"&,0)$(",*'-!.*$<"V)/,"%'0#./.D"
%0,%,!'0" +!" #,&'(," &'" 2'!'0$*.D!" &'" *,0/'8$" ,*'-!.*$6" %,0" '(" 1+'" '(" #$2#$" " .!5'*/$&,"
'!" '(" 'J'" &'" ($" &,0)$(" ,*'-!.*$" ')" #$2!'/.8$&," $!/')" &'" '!I0.$0)'6" )'2f!" ($" &.0'**.D!" &'("
*$#%,"#$2!R/.*,"/'00')/0'<"V)/'"#$/'0.$("'!I0.$&,"')"&')%($8$&,"%,0"'(".!20'),"&'"!+'L,)"
%+(),)"&'"#$2#$"'!"'("'J'"&'"($"&,0)$(6"1+'"&$"(+2$0"$"($"I,0#$*.D!"&'")+*').L$)"I$J$)6"*,!"
($",0.'!/$*.D!"#$2!R/.*$"1+'"0'2.)/0$"($"W.'00$"'!"*$&$"#,#'!/,<"V("%$/0D!"&'"$!,#$(O$)"
#$2!R/.*$)"#+')/0$"1+'"($"L'(,*.&$&"&'"&.)/'!).D!"!,"')"*,!)/$!/'"5"L$0O$"*,!"'("/.'#%,"5"')"
%$0/.*+($0"'!"*$&$"0'2.D!<

Zonas de fallas transformantes

V("%$/0D!"&,#.!$!/'"'!"'("I,!&,",*'-!.*,"')"%0,&+*.&,"%,0"($)"(.!'$*.,!')"#$2!R/.*$)"
1+'"0'7'J$!"($"(,*$(.8$*.D!"/'#%,0$("&'"(,)"*'!/0,)"&'"'9%$!).D!",*'-!.*$<"V)/$)"$!,#$(O$)"
#$2!R/.*$)"),!"I0'*+'!/'#'!/'"&')%($8$&$)"%,0"I$(($)"&'"/0$!)I,0#$*.D!6"1+'"I,0#$!")'0.')"
)+4%$0$('($)" $" ($" &.0'**.D!" &'" &')%($8$#.'!/,<" K$)" 8,!$)" &'" I0$*/+0$" ),!" !,/$4('#'!/'"
*,!/.!+$)"5")'"'9/.'!&'!"$"20$!&')"&.)/$!*.$)6"&')&'"(,)"7$!*,)"&'"($"&,0)$("%,0"'("I,!&,"
,*'-!.*,"5"'!"$(2+!,)"*$),)"$(*$!8$!"(,)"#-02'!')"*,!/.!'!/$(')<"V)/$)"8,!$)"&'"I0$*/+0$"
estn marcando irregularidades en la topografa del fondo ocenico y se asocian con sismos
),#'0,)"2'!'0$&,)"%,0"&')%($8$#.'!/,"($/'0$("&'"(,)")'2#'!/,)"$&5$*'!/')"&'"($"%($*$<"V!"
$(2+!,)"*$),)6"'("L,(*$!.)#,")'"$),*.$"*,!"')/$)"I0$*/+0$)"5"(,)"4$)$(/,)"2'!'0$&,)"),!"#-)"
fraccionados que los MORB.

Dorsales assmicas
K$)"&,0)$(')"$)O)#.*$)"),!"')/0+*/+0$)"L,(*-!.*$)"(.!'$(')"%,*,"*,!,*.&$)6"1+'")'"'('L$!"
&'"A;;;"$"U;;;"#"%,0"'!*.#$"&'("I,!&,",*'-!.*,6"*,!"$!*Q,)"&'"@;;"$"A;;"=#"5"h;;"$"@;;;"
=#"&'"($02,6"')/.#-!&,)'"1+'"*+40'!"'("AZi"&'("I,!&,",*'-!.*,<"V(($)"I,0#$!"*$&'!$)"&'"
.)($)"L,(*-!.*$)","#,!/')")+4#$0.!,)"1+'"Q$40O$!")+I0.&,")+4).&'!*.$"&+0$!/'")+"'L,(+*.D!<
K,)"'J'#%(,)"#-)"*,!,*.&,)"),!T
G*R$!,"_/(-!/.*,T"?$'0,'6"M$(L.)"a.&2'6"aO,"e0$!&'"a.)'<
G*R$!,"`$*O3*,T"^,*,)6"^$0!'2.'<

232

DORSALES OCENICAS

G*R$!,"H!&.*,T"Y.!'/5"V$)/"a.&2'<
K$" #$5,0O$" &'" ($)" &,0)$(')" ')/-!" 0'($*.,!$&$)" $" #-02'!')" *,!/.!'!/$(')" 5" $" #'!+&,"
/'0#.!$!"'!".)($)"L,(*-!.*$)6"'!"($)"1+'")'"*,!/.!f$!"($)"*$0$*/'0O)/.*$)"')/0+*/+0$(')"&'"($)"
&,0)$(')<"`,0"'J'#%(,"M$(L.)"a.&2'"'!"'("_/(-!/.*,"X+06")'"'9/.'!&'"&')&'"($".)($"&'"W0.)/$!"&$"
^+!Q$6"'!"'("7$!*,"&'"($"&,0)$("#'&.,B,*'-!.*$"Q$)/$"'("#$02'!"*,!/.!'!/$("&'"_I0.*$<"V)/$)"
&,0)$(')"*$0'*'!"&'"$*/.L.&$&")O)#.*$"$+!1+'"#+*Q$)"')/-!"I0$*/+0$&$)"%'0%'!&.*+($0#'!/'"
$" )+" 'J'6" &'" #$!'0$" ).#.($0" $" ($)" &,0)$(')" ,*'-!.*$)" )O)#.*$#'!/'" $*/.L$)<" V)/$)" &,0)$(')"
$)O)#.*$)" ),!" L.'J$)" 5" #+')/0$!" *$0$*/'0')" &'" I,0#$*.D!" $!/'0.,0')" $" ($)" $*/+$(')" *+'!*$)"
ocenicas y podran estar relacionadas con cuencas ocenicas ms antiguas.

Flujo Calrico y Sistemas Hidrotermales

K$"#'&.*.D!"&'("7+J,"*$(D0.*,"'!"($)"&,0)$(')",*'-!.*$)"')"#+*Q,"#-)"$(/$"1+'"'("%0,#'&.,"
&'("I,!&,",*'-!.*,6"5$"1+'"($)"&,0)$(')"*,!)/./+5'!"'("I,*,"&'".!/0+).D!B'9/0+).D!"4$)-(/.*$"5"
&'"$*0'*.D!"&'"($)"%($*$)<
V("')/+&.,"&'"($"*.0*+($*.D!"Q.&0,/'0#$("'!"($"*,0/'8$",*'-!.*$"')"&'"20$!".#%,0/$!*.$"
%$0$"'!/'!&'0"($"$(/'0$*.D!"&'"($)"0,*$)"1+'"($"*,!)/./+5'!<"V("$2+$"*$('!/$&$"*.0*+($"$"/0$LR)"
&'"($)"3)+0$)"%0D9.#$)"$"($"&,0)$("5"'#'02'"*,#,"I+'!/')"Q.&0,/'0#$(')"(('L$!&,"#'/$(')"'!"
),(+*.D!<"H!.*.$(#'!/'"($)"'L.&'!*.$)"&'"/$("$*/.L.&$&")'",4/+L.'0,!"&'("')/+&.,"&'"($)",3,(./$)"
&'" W0,,&,)" 5" G#-!6" '!" ($)" 1+'" )'" ,4)'0L$!" 4$)$(/,)" *+4.'0/,)" %,0" )'&.#'!/,)" 0.*,)" '!"
#'/$(')<"K$"'L.&'!*.$"&.0'*/$"&'"$*/.L.&$&"Q.&0,/'0#$("$),*.$&$"*,!"($)"&,0)$(')",*'-!.*$)")'"
,4/+L,"'!"@Nhh"&+0$!/'"+!"')/+&.,"&'"($"8,!$"&.)/'!).L$"'!"($)"e$(-%$2,)"5"%,)/'0.,0#'!/'"
'!"($"*0')/$"'('L$&$"&'("`$*O3*,",0.'!/$(6"&,!&'")'"'!*,!/0$0,!"*$#%,)"Q.&0,/'0#$(')"*,!"
7+.&,)"$"[Z;j"^6"I,0#$!&,"*Q.#'!'$)"/'].&$)"&'"!'20,"%,0")+(I+0,)"%0'*.%./$&,)6"&'"Q$)/$"
@;"#"&'"$(/+0$"5"1+'"'#./'!"cQ+#,)"!'20,)d<

!"#$%&'($%)*!+),%-*%)%.!/-0.%
K,)" ')/+&.,)" &'" ($" *,0/'8$" ,*'-!.*$" &'#+')/0$!" 1+'" -0'$)" .#%,0/$!/')" ')/-!"
#'/$#,038$&$)<" K$)" #+')/0$)" &0$2$&$)" '!" ($" L'*.!&$&" &'" ($)" ')*$0%$)" &'" I$(($" 5" &'" ($)"
I$(($)" /0$!)I,0#$!/')6" %'0#./'" ,4/'!'0" ')1+.)/,)" L'0&')6" )'0%'!/.!./$)" 5" 0$0$)" $!34,(./$)"
/'*/,!.8$&$)<"V)/$)"0,*$)"/.'!'!"0'($*.,!')"#-)"$(/$)"&'" ShX0\S:X0"1+'"(,)"FGab"!,0#$(')6"
.!&.*$!&,"1+'"'("$2+$"&'"#$0"')"($"0')%,!)$4('"&'("*0'*.#.'!/,"&'"(,)"#.!'0$(')"Q.&0$/$&,)6"
%,0"($"*.0*+($*.D!"Q.&0,/'0#$(<

Basaltos de las dorsales medio-ocenicas (MORB)

K$" #$5,0O$" &'" ($" *,0/'8$" ,*'-!.*$" ')/-" I,0#$&$" '!" )+" #$5,0O$" %,0" 4$)$(/,)" /,('O/.*,)"
)+4$(*$(.!,)6" $+!1+'" Q$5" /$#4.R!" (,*$(#'!/'" /.%,)" &'" 0,*$)" #-)" 'L,(+*.,!$&,)" >?.2<" @AB
AC<" b$)$(/,)" $(*$(.!,)" 5" /0$!).*.,!$(')" ),!" 0$0,)" 5" )'" %0')'!/$!" '!" #,!/')" )+4#$0.!,)6" '!"
&,0)$(')"$)O)#.*$)"5"8,!$)"&'"I0$*/+0$<"K,)"*,#%,!'!/')"1+O#.*,)"#$5,0')"&'"(,)"FGab"
),!").#.($0')"$"($)"/,('./$)"&'T".)($)",*'-!.*$)6"$0*,)"&'".)($)"5"7+J,)"*,!/.!'!/$(')<
K$"I-40.*$"&'"(,)"FGab"0'7'J$"+!"0-%.&,"'!I0.$#.'!/,"&'("#$2#$"%0D9.#,"$("(O1+.&,"

ALEJANDRO TOSELLI

233

'9/0+.&,"'!"$2+$"&'"#$0"I0O$6"*,#,"7+J,)"(-L.*,)6"($L$)"'!"$(#,Q$&.(($)"5"40'*Q$)"Q.&0,*(-)/.*$)"
$),*.$&$)<"V("/$#$],"&'"20$!,"')"L$0.$4('6"&')&'"/.%,)"LO/0',)"$"%,0IO&.*,)"*,!"A;B[;i"&'"
I'!,*0.)/$(')<" !$" %.'(" LO/0'$" )'" %0,&+*'" '!" ($" )+%'03*.'" &'" ($)" $(#,Q$&.(($)" 5" ($" #$)$" ')"
L./0,*(-)/.*$"*,!"')*$),)"I'!,*0.)/$(')"&'"%($2.,*($)$"4./,g!./$6"*,!",").!",(.L.!,"#$2!').$!,"
5"1+'"*,!/.'!'"%'1+']$)".!*(+).,!')"&'"')%.!'($"&'"^0BF2<"V("L.&0.,"')/-"$(/'0$&,"$"%$($2,!./$<"
K,)" I'!,*0.)/$(')" &'" $+2./$" ),!" 0$0,)" 5" ')/-!" *,!3!$&,)" $" ($)" ($L$)" #-)" *0.)/$(.8$&$)" 1+'"
*,!/.'!'!" ,(.L.!," 5" %($2.,*($)$<" K,*$(#'!/'" )'" ,4)'0L$!" &')'1+.(.40.,)6" *,#," *,00,).D!"
en los fenocristales que se encuentran dentro de una mesostsis ms evolucionada y de
I'!,*0.)/$(')" 1+'" *,!/.'!'!" .!*(+).,!')" I+!&.&$)6" &.I'0'!/')" $(" L.&0.," &'" ($" #$/0.8<" V)/,)"
$/0.4+/,)"0'7'J$!6"/$!/,"#'8*($"*,#,"I0$**.,!$#.'!/,"&')&'"#$2#$)"#-)"%0.#./.L,)<

Tabla 12-1."^$0$*/'0')"&'"(,)"4$)$(/,)"/,('O/.*,)"5"$(*$(.!,)<"l+2Q')">@NSACm"F*b.0!'5">@NN[C<

K$)"$),*.$*.,!')"&'"I'!,*0.)/$(')"#-)"*,#+!')"),!T
"
G(.L.!,"P\B"')%.!'($"&'"^0BF2
"
`($2.,*($)$"P",(.L.!,"P\B"')%.!'($"&'"^0BF2
"
`($2.,*($)$"P",(.L.!,"P"$+2./$
G(.L.!,6" ')%.!'($" 5" %($2.,*($)$" *-(*.*$" ),!" (,)" %0.#'0,)" #.!'0$(')" 1+'" *0.)/$(.8$!6"
)'2+.&,)"&'"$+2./$"5"D9.&,)"&'"?'BW.<"V("&')$00,((,"&'",(.L.!,"')"*,!).)/'!/'"*,!"(,)"#,&'(,)"
FGab6".!L,(+*0$!&,"'("I0$**.,!$#.'!/,"&'",(.L.!,"&')&'"#$2#$)"%0.#$0.,)"%.*0O/.*,)<"K,)"
I'!,*0.)/$(')"&'"$+2./$"),!"0$0,)"5"*,!3!$&,)"$"0,*$)"*,!"$4+!&$!/'",(.L.!,"5"%($2.,*($)$<"V("
$!IO4,("')"#+5"0$0,"5")'"'!*+'!/0$")D(,"'!"4$)$(/,)"*,!"$3!.&$&')"$(*$(.!$)6"'!"*+#+($/,)"&'"
2$40,)"5"'!"')/$&.,)"/$0&O,)"&'"$(/'0$*.D!"Q.&0,/'0#$(<
K$)" 0,*$)" 2-40.*$)" &0$2$&$)" '!" '(" I,!&," ,*'-!.*," #+')/0$!" )+%'0%,).*.D!" &'""
*,#%,).*.,!')"*,!"(,)"4$)$(/,)"FGab<"F.!'0$(D2.*$#'!/'"')/-!"I,0#$&$)"%,0"%($2.,*($)$6"
,(.L.!,6"*(.!,%.0,9'!,6",0/,%.0,9'!,6"$%$/./,"5"/./$!,B#$2!'/./$<

Composicin qumica
K$"*,#%,).*.D!"1+O#.*$"&'"+!"FGabBY"')"0'($/.L$#'!/'"+!.I,0#'"'!"*,#%$0$*.D!"*,!"
,/0$)"$),*.$*.,!')"4$)-(/.*$)<"WO%.*$#'!/'"),!"/,('O/.*$)")+4$(*$(.!$)"*,!"*+$08,"+",(.L.!,6"
1+'"*,!/.'!'!",(.L.!,BQ.%'0)/'!,6","*+$08,BQ.%'0)/'!,"!,0#$/.L,)<"V("$/0.4+/,"#-)"&.)/.!/.L,"
')"($"4$J$"*,!*'!/0$*.D!"&'"'('#'!/,)".!*,#%$/.4(')".!*(+5'!&,"W."5"`"5"(,)"20$!&')".,!')"
(./D3(,)"/$(')"*,#,"k6"a46"b$6"WQ"5" 6"'!"*,#%$0$*.D!"*,!"/,('./$)"&'"($)".)($)",*'-!.*$)"5"
&'"(,)"%($/'$+"*,!/.!'!/$(')<"K$)"/,('./$)"l$g$.$!$)">4$)$(/,)"&'".)($)",*'-!.*$)"B"GHbC"/.'!'!"

A[U

DORSALES OCENICAS

menor contenido de Al2O3 que los MORB, sugiriendo diferencias en el magma primario.
K,)" FGab" #+')/0$!" !,/$4('" +!.I,0#.&$&" &'" (,)" '('#'!/,)" #$5,0')T" ($" X.G2" n" Uh" B"
Z@i6"!,")'"+/.(.8$"*,#,"O!&.*'"&'"&.I'0'!*.$*.D!"%,0")+"%,*$"L$0.$4.(.&$&6"+/.(.8-!&,)'"'!")+"
(+2$0"'("*,!/'!.&,"&'"F2G","L$(,0"F"n"@;;"F2\>F2"P"?'+2C6"*,!"L$(,0')"1+'"L$!"'!/0'"ZZ"
5":Z6"$&'#-)"&'"'('#'!/,)"/0$8$)"&.)/.!/.L,)<"
K,)" $(/,)" /,%,20-3*,)" 5" %($/$I,0#$)" L,(*-!.*$)" &'(" I,!&," ,*'-!.*,6" %$0'*'!" ')/$0"
$),*.$&$)" *,!" c%+!/,)" *$(.'!/')d" >$(/,)" 20$&.'!/')" 2',/R0#.*,)C" 5" ')%'),0')" .!/'0#'&.,)6"
'!/0'"*,0/'8$"*,!/.!'!/$("5",*'-!.*$<"X,40'"')/$"4$)'"(,)"FGab"Q$!").&,"*($).3*$&,)"'!T
"
Y,0#$("o"W.%,"Y6"&'%0.#.&,)<
"
`(+#$"o"W.%,"V6"'!0.1+'*.&,)">/.%,"%(+#$"o"`C<
"
W0$!).*.,!$("o"W.%,"W<
K,)" 4$)$(/,)" W.%,BY6" ),!" &,#.!$!/')" '!" (,)" ,*R$!,)" `$*O3*," 5" _/(-!/.*,6" $(" X" &'" (,)"
[;jYm"#.'!/0$)"1+'"(,)"W.%,BV6"&,#.!$!"'!"'("_/(-!/.*,"$("Y"&'"(,)"[;jY"5"'!"($"8,!$"&'"($)"
e$(-%$2,)<"

Fig. 12-3. E.$20$#$"&'"L$0.$*.D!"kAG"L)<"X.GA6"*,00')%,!&.'!/'"$"($"&,0)$("#'&.,B_/(-!/.*$<"K,)"*$#%,)"&'"(,)"

/.%,)"&'"*,00')%,!&'!"$"F.&&('#,)/">@NhZC<"_T"$(*$(.!,)<"X_T")+4$(*$(.!,)<

ELEMENTOS LIL
>^$/.,!')"20$!&')"&'"L$('!*.$"4$J$"*,#,T"^)6"a46"k6"b$6"`4"5"X0C"')/-!"&'%0.#.&,)"'!"($"
#$5,0O$"&'"(,)"FGab6"'!"0'($*.D!"*,!"(,)"&'"($)".)($)",*'-!.*$)"5"&'"($)"/,('O/$)"*,!/.!'!/$(')<"

Tabla 12-2. ^$0$*/'0O)/.*$)"1+O#.*$)<

ALEJANDRO TOSELLI

A[Z

ELEMENTOS LHV
>^$/.,!')"20$!&')"&'"L$('!*.$"$(/$T"WQ6" 6"p06"lI6"Y4"5"W$C"(($#$&,)"c'('#'!/,)".!#DL.(')d6"
)'"+)$!"'!"I,0#$"*,!J+!/$"*,!",/0,)"'('#'!/,)"0').)/'!/')"$"($"$(/'0$*.D!"*,#,T"W.6"q6"`"5"X06"
%$0$"&.)*0.#.!$0"'!/0'"4$)$(/,)"&'"&.I'0'!/')"$#4.'!/')"/'*/D!.*,)<"V)/,)"'('#'!/,)"/.'!&'!"$"
)'0"&'%0.#.&,)"'!"(,)"FGabBY"'!"0'($*.D!"$("FGabBV"5"$"($)"/,('./$)"&'"($)".)($)",*'-!.*$)<"
K$"0'($*.D!"p0\Y4"'!"(,)"FGabBY"/.'!'!"0'($*.,!')"r[;m"#.'!/0$)"1+'"(,)"FGabBV"($)"
0'($*.,!')"),!"s@;6").#.($0"$"($)"/,('./$)"&'"($)".)($)",*'-!.*$)<
V('#'!/,)" I'00,#$2!').$!,)" >^06" t6" X06" Y." 5" ^,CT" (,)" *,'3*.'!/')" &'" &.)/0.4+*.D!"
*0.)/$(B(O1+.&,".!&.*$!"1+'"Y."5"^,"%$0/.*.,!$!"*,!"'(",(.L.!,"&+0$!/'"($"I+).D!"%$0*.$("5"($"
*0.)/$(.8$*.D!"I0$**.,!$&$m"#.'!/0$)"1+'"X06"^0"5"t6"'!/0$!"'!"'("*(.!,%.0,9'!,6"%,0"(,"1+'"),!"
+/.(.8$&,)"*,#,".!&.*$&,0')"&'"(,)"%0,*'),)"%'/0,2'!R/.*,)<"K,)"L.&0.,)"%0.#./.L,)"*,!/.'!'!"
r[;;"%%#"&'"Y."5"(,)"4$)$(/,)"'L,(+*.,!$&,)"*,!/.'!'!"AZ"%%#"5")'"*,00'($*.,!$"*,!"'("
*,!/'!.&,"&'"F2G<"K,)"*,!/'!.&,)"&'"^0"&.)#.!+5'!"&')&'"h;;"$"@;;"%%#"*,!"'("$+#'!/,"
del fraccionamiento.
TIERRAS RARAS
K,)" FGab" /.%,BY" /O%.*,)" !," #+')/0$!" I0$**.,!$#.'!/," &'" /.'00$)" 0$0$)" %')$&$)"
5" /.'!'!" +!$" I+'0/'" &'%0').D!" '!" ($)" /.'00$)" 0$0$)" (.L.$!$)<" K,)" 4$)$(/,)" %0.#./.L,)" /.'!'!"
*,!*'!/0$*.,!')"&'"/.'00$)"0$0$)"&'"Q$)/$"@;"L'*')"'("*,!&0./,6"#.'!/0$)"1+'"(,)"4$)$(/,)"#+5"
&.I'0'!*.$&,)"$(*$!8$!"rZ;"L'*')"'("*,!&0./,<
K$"*0.)/$(.8$*.D!"I0$**.,!$&$".!L,(+*0$6",(.L.!,6"*(.!,%.0,9'!,"5"')%.!'($6".!*0'#'!/$!&,"
'(" /,/$(" &'" /.'00$)" 0$0$)" &'" (,)" FGab" #-)" 'L,(+*.,!$&,)<" V!" *,!/0$)/'" (,)" FGabB`"
#+')/0$!"%,*$"&'%0').D!"&'"($)"/.'00$)"0$0$)"(.L.$!$)"5"$"L'*')"'!0.1+'*.#.'!/,<"e'!'0$(#'!/'"
(,)"FGabBY"/.'!'!"($"0'($*.D!"K$\X0u@m"#.'!/0$)"1+'"(,)"FGabBV"($"0'($*.D!">K$\X#C
Y" r" @<" _).#.)#," Q$5" 4+'!$" *,00'($*.D!" '!/0'" >K$\X#CY" *,!" >p0\Y4C6" %$0$" (,)" FGab"
&'("_/(-!/.*,6"`$*O3*,"'"H!&.*,6")+2.0.'!&,"#'8*($)"4.!$0.$)"&'"*,#%,!'!/')"'9/0'#,)">?.2<"
@ABUC<
ISTOPOS RADIOGNICOS
K,)" FGab" #+')/0$!" +!" 0$!2," ).2!.3*$/.L," &'" L$0.$*.,!')" .),/D%.*$)" &'" ShX0\S:X06"
.!&.*$!&," &'0.L$*.D!" &'" I+'!/')" #$!/R(.*$)" Q'/'0,2R!'$)<" K$" &.)%'0).D!" &'" ($" 0'($*.D!"
Sh
X0\S:X0"%+'&'")'0"$/0.4+.&,"$"$(/'0$*.D!"%,0"'("$2+$"&'"#$0<
V!"(,)"FGabBY"($"0'($*.D!"ShX0\S:X0"n";6h;AU"o";6h;[;
V!"(,)"FGabBV"($"0'($*.D!"ShX0\S:X0"n";6h;[;"o";6h;[Z
V!"(,)"4$)$(/,)"&'".)($)",*'-!.*$)"($"0'($*.D!"ShX0\S:X0"n";6h;[;"o";6h;Z;

Origen de los magmas MORB y su fuente mantlica

V("FGabBY"')"+)$&,"*,#,"*,#%,).*.D!"&'"0'I'0'!*.$"%$0$"&.L'0),)"#$2#$)"#-3*,)<"
K$"#$5,0O$"&'"(,)"FGab"!,"0'%0')'!/$0O$!"+!"#$2#$"%0.#$0.,"I,0#$&,"&')&'"+!$"I+'!/'"
%'0.&,/O/.*$6"%,0"&,)"0$8,!')T"@C"'("FGab"/.'!'")D(,"'("ZB@;i"%'),"&'"F2G"5"u"[;;"%%#"
&'"Y."5"/.'!'!"F2\>F2P?'C"u";6h"$"A6"5"(,)"#$2#$)"FGab"!,"#+')/0$!")$/+0$*.D!"'!"
($" %0,9.#.&$&" &'" (,)" (O1+.&,)" *,!" ,(.L.!," P" ,0/,%.0,9'!," P" *(.!,%.0,9'!," $" %0').,!')"
&'(" #$!/,6" *,#," &'4'0O$" ,*+00.0" )." ')/+L.'0$!" '!" '1+.(.40.," *,!" ($" I+'!/'" %'0.&,/O/.*$<" K$"
L$0.$*.D!"&'"($)"*,#%,).*.,!')"&'"(,)"L.&0.,)"*,00,4,0$!"'("*,!/0,("&'(",(.L.!,<"K,)"#$2#$)"
primarios seran picritas ricas en olivino, que ascienden y descomprimen perdiendo olivino
5"0'&+*.'!&,")+)"*,!/'!.&,)"&'"F2G6"Y."5"F2\>F2"P"?'C"$"(,)"L$(,0')",4)'0L$&,)"'!"(,)"
FGab<"K$"I+).D!"%$0*.$(",*+00.0O$"'!"'("*$#%,"&'"')/$4.(.&$&"&'"($)"%'0.&,/./$)"*,!"')%.!'($6"

A[:

DORSALES OCENICAS

Tabla 12-3."V('#'!/,)"#$5,0')"5"/0$8$)6"*,!"%0,#'&.,"&'"Fn:;Bh;"*,00')%,!&.'!/'"$"FGab"/.%,)T"%0.#./.L,6"
!,0#$(6"%(+#$"5"/0$!).*.,!$(6"&'"($"&,0)$("#'&.,B_/(-!/.*$<

Fig. 12-4. t$0.$*.D!"&'"($"0'($*.D!">K$\X#CY"L)<"p0\Y4"&'"(,)"FGab"&'"(,)",*R$!,)"_/(-!/.*,6"`$*O3*,"'"H!&.*,6"

.!&.*$!&,"%0,*'),)"&'"#'8*($"4.!$0.,)"'!")+"%'/0,2R!').)<

ALEJANDRO TOSELLI

A[h

$"%0,I+!&.&$&')"&'"[;BhZ"=#">`"n"@;B@Z"=4$0C6"&$&,"1+'"'("%$/0D!"&'"'('#'!/,)"/0$8$)"&'"(,)"
MORB, indican que ni plagioclasas, ni granate, fueron fases residuales en la fuente, lo que es
$%,5$&,"%,0"($"$+)'!*.$"&'"$!,#$(O$"!'2$/.L$"&'"V+"5"($"4$J$"0'($*.D!"X#\q4<"
K$)" *,#%,).*.,!')" &'(" FGab" 5" &'(" #$!/," %'0.&,/O/.*," >$4.)$(C6" #+')/0'$&$)" '!" ($)"
&,0)$(')" ,*'-!.*$)" 0'7'J$!" L$0.$&,)" 20$&,)" &'" I+).D!" %$0*.$(6" *,!" '9/0$**.D!" &'" I+!&.&,)<"
E')%+R)" &'(" I0$**.,!$#.'!/," %,(.4-0.*," &'(" ,(.L.!," &+0$!/'" )+" $)*'!),6" &')&'" '(" #$!/,6"
(,)"#$2#$)"FGab")'"&.I'0'!*.$!"$"4$J$"%0').D!"'!"*-#$0$)"*,0/.*$(')"%,0"&'4$J,"&'("0.I/<"
_).#.)#,6" (,)" 4$)$(/,)" &'" I,!&," ,*'-!.*," ).2+'!" +!$" /'!&'!*.$" &'" I0$**.,!$#.'!/," *,!"
'!0.1+'*.#.'!/,"'9/0'#,"&'"?'"5"#-)"(.#./$&,"'!")O(.*'"5"-(*$(.)<

Reservorios mantlicos
K$)" .#-2'!')" )O)#.*$)" &'" ($" *,!L'**.D!" ),#'0$" &'(" #$!/," &'4$J," &'" ($" '('L$*.D!" &'("
`$*O3*," G0.'!/$(" 5" &'" ($" %(+#$" $)*'!&'!/'" &'(" #$!/," %0,I+!&," %,0" &'4$J," &'" H)($!&.$6"
),%,0/$!"($"'9.)/'!*.$"&'"&,)"/.%,)"&.)/.!/,)"&'"0')'0L,0.,)"#$!/R(.*,)<"
V)/$)" 0'2.,!')" &'" #$!/," ),!" I+'!/')" &'" I+!&.&,)" %$0*.$(')" &'" 4$)$(/,)" 1+'" /.'!'!"
&.)/.!/,)" '('#'!/,)" /0$8$)" 5" ).2!$/+0$)" .),/D%.*$)<" !" 0')'0L,0.," 1+'" ')/-" &'%0.#.&," '!"
'('#'!/,)" .!*,#%$/.4(')" 5" !," /.'!'" .)D/,%,)" 0$&.,2R!.*,)" &'" X0" 5" Y&6" ),!" ($" I+'!/'" &'"
(,)" FGabBY<" V)/$" I+'!/'" *,00')%,!&'" $(" #$!/," )+%'0.,0" %,0" &'4$J," &'(" ).)/'#$" 2(,4$("
&'"&,0)$(')",*'-!.*$)<"K,)",/0,)"0')'0L,0.,)"),!"#-)"%0,I+!&,)"5"*,00')%,!&'!"$("#$!/,"
0'($/.L$#'!/'" '!0.1+'*.&," %0D9.#," $" ($" *,#%,).*.D!" &'(" L,(+#'!" ).(.*-/.*," &'" ($" W.'00$" 5"
*,!)/./+5'"($)"%(+#$)<"F+*Q,)"4$)$(/,)"&'"($"&,0)$("#'&.,B_/(-!/.*$"$("!,0/'"&'"(,)"[;jY"
%$0'*'!")'0"&'0.L$&,)"&'"+!$"#'8*($"&'"&,)"0')'0L,0.,)"#$2#-/.*,)<"V)/$"I+'!/'"#.9/$"&'"
4$)$(/,)6"')/-!"'!0.1+'*.&,)"'!"'('#'!/,)"/0$8$)".!*,#%$/.4(')"*,!"0'($*.D!"$"(,)"FGabBY"
5"),!"(($#$&,)"FGabBV<"V)/-!"'!0.1+'*.&,)"'!"'('#'!/,)"KHK"5"'!"/.'00$)"0$0$)"(.L.$!$)6"
*,!"0'($*.D!"$"($)"/.'00$)"0$0$)"%')$&$)">%<'J<"K$\q4C"')"#$5,0"'!"(,)"FGabBV"1+'"'!"(,)"
FGabBY<
!" 0$!2," $#%(.," &'" L$0.$*.D!" ,*+00'" '!" ($)" 0'($*.,!')" ShX0\S:X0" 5" @U[Y&\@UUY&6" &'" (,)"
4$)$(/,)" ,*'-!.*,)" 1+'" %+'&'" )'0" %0,&+*.&," %,0" #'8*($" &'" *,#%,!'!/')" &')&'" (,)" &,)"
0')'0L,0.,)"#$2#-/.*,)"&')*0./,)<""`,0"'J'#%(,"($)"0,*$)"&'"$(2+!$)".)($)",*'-!.*$)"*,#,"
k'02+'('!" >G*R$!," v!&.*,C6" /.'!'!" 0'($*.,!')" .),/D%.*$)" 1+'" .#%(.*$!" &'0.L$*.D!" &')&'"
I+'!/')"*,!"$(/$)"0'($*.,!')"a4\X0"5"#-)"4$J$)"&'"X#\Y&<"
`'1+']$" I+).D!" %$0*.$(" '!" '(" #$!/,6" 2'!'0$" I+!&.&,)" *,!" $(/$" 0'($*.D!" a4\X0" 5" 4$J,)"
'!"X#\Y&6"'!"0'($*.D!"&'"($)"&.I'0'!/')"*,#%$/.4.(.&$&')"'!/0'"')/,)"%$0')"&'"'('#'!/,)<"
E,!&'"(,)"I+!&.&,)"%$0*.$(')"#.20$!"5"#'/$),#$/.8$!"$("#$!/,6"')%'*.$(#'!/'")."')"$!/.2+,"
>&.2$#,)"r@"e$C6"ShX0\S:X0"')"#-)"$(/,"1+'"($"*,#%,).*.D!"2(,4$("&'"($"W.'00$"5"@U[Y&\@UUY&"
')"#-)"4$J,<

Modelos petrogenticos
K$" 2'!'0$*.D!" &'" #$2#$" 4$)-(/.*," '!" (,)" #-02'!')" $*0'*.,!$0.,)" &'" %($*$)" &'4'0O$"
0'%0')'!/$0" '(" /.%," &'" #$2#$" /'00')/0'" #-)" ).#%('<" K$" $%$0'!/'" 0'2+($0.&$&" &'" ($" *,0/'8$"
,*'-!.*$" ),40'" #.((,!')" &'" =.(D#'/0,)" *+$&0$&,)6" $/')/.2+$!" ($" *,!/.!+.&$&" &'(" %0,*'),"

238

DORSALES OCENICAS

#$2#-/.*,"'!"(,)"f(/.#,)"@;;"F$6"%'0,"'!"*,!/0$)/'"(,)"')/+&.,)"2',1+O#.*,)"&'/$(($&,)"&'("
FGab6"0'L'($!"Q'/'0,2'!'.&$&')"5"&.L'0).&$&"&'"%0,*'),)"%'/0,2'!R/.*,)">?.2<"@ABZC<"
K$" *,#%,).*.D!" 1+O#.*$" &'" (,)" 4$)$(/,)" 2'!'0$&,)" '!" ($)" EFG6" &'%'!&'!" &'" +!$"
variedad de factores que incluyen:
$<"^,#%,).*.D!"5"#.!'0$(,2O$"&'"($"I+'!/'"#$!/R(.*$<
4<"e0$&,"&'"I+).D!"%$0*.$("&'"($"I+'!/'"5"#'*$!.)#,)"1+'"$*/f$!<
*<"`0,I+!&.&$&"&'"($")'20'2$*.D!"#$2#-/.*$<

Fig. 12-5."X'**.D!"')1+'#-/.*$"&'"($"&,0)$("F'&.,BG*'-!.*$6"*,!"($"8,!$"&'"2'!'0$*.D!"&'"4$)$(/,)<

&<" V9/'!)$" *0.)/$(.8$*.D!" I0$**.,!$&$" 5" %0,*'),)" &'" #'8*($" &'" #$2#$)" &+0$!/'" )+"
%'0#$!'!*.$"'!"*-#$0$)"#$2#-/.*$)"+4.*$&$)"'!"$(/,)"!.L'(')"'!"($"8,!$"$9.$("&'"($"&,0)$(
V!" +!" %0.!*.%.," )'" *,!).&'0D" 1+'" ($" *,#%,).*.D!" &'" (,)" FGab" *,00')%,!&'0O$" $" +!"
#$2#$"%0.#$0.,"!,B#,&.3*$&,"%,0"%0,*'),)"%0D9.#,)"$"($")+%'03*.'6"%'0,"Gwl$0$">@N:SC"
&'#,)/0D"1+'"($"#$5,0O$"&'"(,)"FGab6"')/-!"$(/$#'!/'"I0$**.,!$&,)<
V!" (,)" FGab" )." )'" *,!).&'0$!" )D(," (,)" '('#'!/,)" #$5,0')6" 0'%0')'!/$!" +!" #$2#$"
!,/$4('#'!/'" +!.I,0#'6" *+5," ,0.2'!" %+'&'" )'0" #,&'($&," #'&.$!/'" %0,*'),)" ).#%(')<"

Fig. 12-6. F,&'(,)"2'!R/.*,)<"_T"FGabBY"5"bT"FGabBV">,"&'"%(+#$C<

ALEJANDRO TOSELLI

239

`'0,"(,)"'('#'!/,)"/0$8$)"'".)D/,%,)"&'"X06"Y&"5"`46"0'L'($!"($"!'*').&$&"&'"#,&'(,)"#-)"
*,#%('J,)<
K,)"FGab"#-)"%0.#./.L,)"/.'!'!"@;i"&'"F2G">F"n"h;Cm"Y."n"[S;"%%#"5"I'!,*0.)/$(')"
&'",(.L.!,"#$2!').$!,<"V)/,)"#$2#$)"/.'!'!"*$0$*/'0')"1+O#.*,)"%0.#$0.,)"&'"I+).D!"%$0*.$("
&'(" #$!/," 5" )'" I,0#$0O$!" %,0" I0$**.,!$#.'!/," &'(" ,(.L.!," '!" *$#.!," Q$*.$" ($" )+%'03*.'6"
!,").'!&,"!'*')$0.,"#$2#$)"%0.#$0.,)"%.*0O/.*,)<"K,)"FGab"'L,(+*.,!$&,)"$/')/.2+$!"($"
.#%,0/$!*.$"&'("I0$**.,!$#.'!/,"&'"c,("P"%(2"P"*(%9d<"_&'#-)"')".#%,0/$!/'"($"#'8*($"&'"
#$2#$)" 5" ($" *0.)/$(.8$*.D!" I0$**.,!$&$6" 1+'" &$!" (+2$0" $" #$2#$)" &'0.L$&,)" *,!" &.I'0'!/')"
composiciones.
E,)"/.%,)"'9/0'#,)"&'"4$)$(/,)"),!"'0+%*.,!$&,)"'!"($"EFGT
@C" Y,0#$(" W.%,BYT" 1+'" ),!" &'%0.#.&,)" '!" /.'00$)" 0$0$)" (.L.$!$)" 5" '!" '('#'!/,)"
.!*,#%$/.4(')<"^,!"$(/$"0'($*.D!"k\b$"5"p0\Y4"5"),!"4$J,)"'!"ShX0\S:X0<
AC"`(+#$"W.%,BVT"),!"#'!,)"&'%0.#.&,)" 1+'"'(" W.%,BY6"'!"/.'00$)"0$0$)" (.L.$!$)" 5" '!"
'('#'!/,)".!*,#%$/.4(')"5"#+')/0$!"$(/$)"0'($*.,!')"ShX0\S:X0<"_).#.)#,"),!"#-)"4$J,)"'!"($)"
0'($*.,!')"k\b$6"k\a46"K$\^'"5"p0\Y46"1+'"(,)"W.%,BY"5"),!"*,#%$0$4(')"*,!"($)"/,('./$)"
de las islas ocenicas.
!" ')%'*/0," *,!/.!+$&," &'" *,#%,).*.,!')6" '9.)/'!" '!/0'" (,)" &,)" #.'#40,)" '9/0'#,)<"
K,)"FGabBY"%$0'*'!"&'0.L$&,)"&'"+!$"I+'!/'"$)/'!,)IR0.*$">#$!/,")+%'0.,0"&'%0.#.&,Cm"
#.'!/0$)" 1+'" (,)" FGabBV" )'0O$!" &'0.L$&,)" &')&'" +!$" %(+#$" #-)" '!0.1+'*.&$" ," %+!/,"
caliente.
K,)"FGab"0.*,)"'!"F2"')/-!")$/+0$&,)"*,!"c,("P"*(%9"P",0%9d<"^,!"`r"S"o"@;"=46"1+'"
*,00')%,!&'!"$"%0,I+!&.&$&')"#O!.#$)"&'"AZ"o"[;"=#<"E'"#,&,"1+'"'("#$2#$"#$&0'"&'"
(,)"FGab"&'4'0O$"Q$4'0)'"'1+.(.40$&,"'!"'("*$#%,"&'"(Q'08,(./$"B"')%.!'($<"K,)"#$2#$)"
%0.#$0.,)"'L,(+*.,!$!"%,0"%0,*'),)"&'"I+).D!"%$0*.$("%,(.4-0.*$6"1+'"*,#'!8$0O$"$"#-)"&'"
:;"=#<
" K,)" ')/+&.,)" .),/D%.*,)" &'" X06" Y&" 5" `46" 0'L'($!" .#%,0/$!/')" Q'/'0,2'!'.&$&')" '!" ($"
I+'!/'"&'"(,)"FGab6"1+'"%+'&'!"'9%(.*$0)'"#'&.$!/'"%0,*'),)"&'"#'8*($6"%,0"&'4$J,"&'"
las dorsales ocenicas, entre material de manto deprimido de astenosfera y material de la
%(+#$"1+'"L.'!'"&'"($"%0,I+!&.&$&<"W$(')"#'8*($)"%+'&'!")'0"'L.&'!*.$&$)"%,0"($"*,00'($*.D!"
!'2$/.L$"'!/0'"($)"0'($*.,!')".),/D%.*$)"&'"X0"5"`4"'!"(,)"FGab"&'("_/(-!/.*,">?.2)<"@ABZ6"
@AB:C<

AU;

DORSALES OCENICAS

1'%+0"#(
Introduccin
K$)" ,3,(./$)" ),!" &'3!.&$)" *,#," 20$!&')" #$)$)" #-3*$)" $" +(/0$#-3*$)" /$4+($0')6" 1+'"
)'"%0')+#'")'"Q$!"I,0#$&,"$"%$0/.0"&'"$!/.2+$"*,0/'8$",*'-!.*$","&'("#$!/,")+%'0.,06"1+'"
Q$!" ).&," I$(($&$)" 5" /0$!)%,0/$&$)" *,#," ('!/')" '!" (,)" *,!/.!'!/')" '" .!*,0%,0$&$)" '!" (,)"
*.!/+0,!')"#,!/$],),)<"K,)"%'1+'],)"('!/')"&'",3,(./$)"+(/0$#-3*$)6"$Q,0$"&')#'#40$&$)"'"
.!*,0%,0$&$)"'!"(,)"*.!/+0,!')"&'I,0#$&,)"&'"#,!/$]$)6")'"&'!,#.!$!"`'0.&,/./$)"_(%.!$)<

Fig. 12-7. K./D)I'0$",*'-!.*$"I,0#$&$"%,0"($"*,0/'8$"5"#$!/,")+45$*'!/'<

K,)"/'00'!,)"$*0'*.,!$&,)"&'"0,*$)",*'-!.*$)"'#%($8$&$)"$"(,"($02,"&'"(,)"#-02'!')"&'"
(,)"*,!/.!'!/')"5"($)"%($*$)",*'-!.*$)"1+'")'",4&+*/$!6".!*(+5'!"+!$")'*+'!*.$"&.)/.!/.L$"&'"
0,*$)"(($#$&$)",3,(./$)<"K$"#$5,0O$"&'"(,)"*'!/'!$0')"&'")'*+'!*.$)",3,(O/.*$)"0'*,!,*.&$)"
'!"'("#+!&,"')/-!"&')#'#40$&$)"5"),(,"'!"%$0/')"')/-!"'9%+')/$)<"K$)")'*+'!*.$)",3,(O/.*$)"
*,!,*.&$)"#-)"*,#%('/$)")'"'!*+'!/0$!"$("!,0/'"&'"($"%'!O!)+($"_0-4.2$"'!"G#-!">X'$0('"
5"^,9"@NNNC"5"'!"'("^,#%('J,"&'"W0,,&,)"'!"($".)($"&'"^Q.%0'"'!"'("F'&./'00-!',">F,,0')"
1982).
V(" #'/$#,03)#," /R0#.*," ),40'" ($" 0,*$" &'" *$J$" ')" (.#./$&," ," $+)'!/'" 5" 2'!'0$(#'!/'"
%0')'!/$!"40'*Q$)"&'"*,!/$*/,".!&.*$!&,"1+'"'("'#%($8$#.'!/,"Q$").&,"'!"')/$&,")+4),(.&+)"
5"*,#f!#'!/'"$"(,"($02,"&'"8,!$)"&'"I$(($<

Caractersticas distintivas
K$)",3,(./$)"*,!)/./+5'!"+!$")'*+'!*.$"&.)/.!/.L$"&'"0,*$)"#$2#-/.*$)6")'&.#'!/$0.$)"5"
#'/$#D03*$)6"I,0#$&$)"'!"$#4.'!/'",*'-!.*,"5"*,!)/./+.&$"%,0"0,*$)"&'"*,0/'8$",*'-!.*$"5"
&'"($"%$0/'")+%'0.,0"&'("#$!/,">?.2<"@ABhC<"
X.'#%0'" ')/-!" L$0.$4('#'!/'" &'I,0#$&$)6" 0'*0.)/$(.8$&$)" '" Q.&0$/$&$)" 5" ($" )'*+'!*.$"
*,#%('/$"&')&'"'("/,%'"$"($"4$)'"')"($").2+.'!/'T
1. Rocas sedimentarias marinas: #+')/0$!"4$!&'$&,"3!,">*'!/O#'/0,)C6"*Q'0/"0.*,"'!"

ALEJANDRO TOSELLI

AU@

F!B?'"5"(+/./$)"!'20$)"),!"*,#+!')6"%'0,"'!"'(",*R$!,"%0,I+!&,">%'(-2.*,C"*$(.8$)"0,J$)")'"
)+'('!"'!*,!/0$0<" V!" #+*Q$)" ,3,(./$)6" &'%D)./,)" L,(*$!.*(-)/.*,)"')/-!" .!/'0*$($&,)" '!" ($)"
)'*+'!*.$)"/+04.&O/.*$)"6".!&.*$!&,"($"%0')'!*.$"&'"L,(*$!.)#,"'9%(,).L,"5"'("&')$00,((,"&'"
%0,I+!&,)"*$],!')")+4#$0.!,)"*,!/'#%,0-!',)"*,!"($)"0,*$)"#$2#-/.*$)<"W$(')"&'%D)./,)"
son tpicos de arcos de islas mas que de la apertura ocenica. Moores (1982) dice que la no
*,!L'!*.,!$(".!*(+).D!"&'"(,)"*,#%,!'!/')")'&.#'!/$0.,)"'!"($"&'3!.*.D!"&'"($)",3,(./$)"
%0,L''"+!"*0./'0.,"2',(D2.*,"%$0$"&'*.&.0"'("$#4.'!/'",*'-!.*,"'!"'("*+$("Q$!").&,"I,0#$&$)<
2. Rocas magmticas extrusivas: ),!"%0.!*.%$(#'!/'"4$)$(/,)6"%0'&,#.!$!&,"($)"($L$)"
%.((,g6"%'0,"&.1+')6"*,($&$)"5"40'*Q$)"),!"*,#+!')<"K,)"3(,!')"*$%$"),!"*,#+!')"$)O"*,#,"
los diques, que se incrementan con la profundidad.
3. Complejos de diques:"),!"#$5,0#'!/'"&'"4$)$(/,)"5"&.$4$)$)"&'"20$!,"(.2'0$#'!/'"
#$5,06"1+'"2'!'0$(#'!/'"/.'!'!"&'"@"$"["#"&'"')%'),0<"V!"($",3,(./$)"&'"G#$!"(,)"&.1+')"
/.'!'!"0+#4,"+!.I,0#'"5"')/-!"'9%+')/,)"'!"&.)/$!*.$)"&'"Q$)/$"U;;"=#<"K$".!/0+).D!"&'"
&.1+')"&'!/0,"&'",/0,)6").!",/0$"0,*$"&'"*$J$6"),!"%0+'4$"*,!*(+5'!/'"&'")+"I,0#$*.D!"'!"+!"
$#4.'!/'"&'"*,0/'8$"&.)/'!).L$<
4. Gabros masivos (istropos): %,0"&'4$J,"&'"($"%0,I+!&.&$&"&'"%'!'/0$*.D!"$&L'*/.L$"
&'("$2+$6"($)".!/0+).,!')"&'"#$2#$")'"'!I0O$!"#-)"('!/$#'!/'"%,0"*,!&+**.D!"5"*,!L'**.D!6"
),(.&.3*$!&,"),40'"($)"%$0'&')"5"Q$*.'!&,"*0'*'0"($"*,0/'8$",*'-!.*$<"a,*$)"$!34,(O/.*$)"5"
&.,0O/.*$)"/')/.3*$!"($"$(/$"*,!*'!/0$*.D!"&'"$2+$"'!"'("/,%'"&'"($"*-#$0$"#$2#-/.*$"*,0/.*$(<"
E.I'0'!*.$&,)"#-)"IR().*,)6",*+00'!"*,#,"#$)$)".00'2+($0')"'!"&.,0./$)"5"2$40,)"5"(,)"&.1+')"
&'(2$&,)" .!/0+5'!" *,#," 4$)$(/,)6" *,!)/./+5'!&," &'(" Z" $(" @;i" &'" ($" %$0/'" %(+/D!.*$" &'" ($"
,3,(./$<"K,)"%($2.,20$!./,)">20$!./,)"&'"$(4./$6"/0,!&QJ'#./$)","20$!D30,)C"),!"&.I'0'!*.$&,)"
&'"$20'2$&,)"20$!,IO0.*,)"&'"*+$08,"5",(.2,*($)$B$!&').!$"I+'0/'#'!/'"8,!$&$6"#.'!/0$)"1+'"
'("I'(&')%$/,"%,/-).*,"')/-"$+)'!/'"5"(,)"#.!'0$(')"#-3*,)"%0.#$0.,)"')/-!"$(/'0$&,)"$"*(,0./$"
y actinolita.
23)45$5+#"%()6#-*!#*%()5+"&#$/"0.%(7$/'.%(8)estas son acumulaciones de cristales
I0$**.,!$&,)" ),40'" '(" %.)," &'" ($" *-#$0$" &'" #$2#$" 2-40.*,<" K,)" *+#+($/,)" &'" ,(.L.!," 5"
%.0,9'!,">&+!./$)"5"%'0.&,/./$)C")'"&$!"Q$*.$"($"4$)'"5"),!")'2+.&$)"%,0"*+#+($/,)"&'"T"G("
P"^%9"P"`(">2$40,)C<"^.*(,)"0'%'/.&,)"&'"#.!'0$(')"5"I$)')"4$!&'$&$)"),!"*,#+!')<"l$5"
+!$" I$(/$" 2'!'0$(" &'" *,!/$*/,)" .!/0+).L,)" &'!/0," &'" (,)" *+#+($/,)" 2-40.*,)" 5" +(/0$#-3*,)"
5"($)",3,(./$)"%+'&'!"Q$4'0").&,"*0'$&$)"%,0"($"0'*$02$".!/'0#./'!/'"&'"#$2#$6"&'!/0,"&'("
#$2#$"1+'"*0.)/$(.8$6"$!/')"1+'"($"*,#%('/$"),(.&.3*$*.D!",*+00$"'!"+!$"*,0/'8$",*'-!.*$"1+'"
$*/.L$#'!/'")'"')/-"'9%$!&.'!&,<
6. Peridotitas deformadas (tectonizadas): ')/$" 0,*$" &'" #$!/," #'/$#D03*$#'!/'"
&'I,0#$&$"%,0"&'4$J,"&'"(,)"*+#+($/,)"#$2#-/.*,)6"(,*$(#'!/'"#+')/0$"*,!/$*/,)"!'/,)"
*,!"'((,)"5"')/-!"L$0.$4('#'!/'"&'%0.#.&$)"'!"(,)"*,#%,!'!/')"4$)-(/.*,)<"K$)"%'0.&,/./$)"
&'I,0#$&$)"L$0O$!"&')&'"(Q'08,(./$)"$"Q$084+02./$)"5"&+!./$)<"V)/'"*,#%,!'!/'"&'"($)",3,(./$)"
')"'("#-)"%0,#.!'!/'"5"'!"$(2+!$)"(,*$(.&$&')"$7,0$"%,0"#.(')"&'"=.(D#'/0,)"*+$&0$&,)<"K$"
0$8D!"&'")+",*+00'!*.$"'!"(,)"*.!/+0,!')",0,2R!.*,)6"/$(')"*,#,"(,)"_(%')6"Q$"Q'*Q,"1+'")'"
0'3'0$"$"'((,)"*,#,"%'0.&,/./$)"$(%.!$)<"V(($)"')/-!"L$0.$4('#'!/'"Q.&0$/$&$)",")'0%'!/.!.8$&$)"
y estn afectadas fuertemente deformadas.

Origen y emplazamiento
K$"I,0#$*.D!".!.*.$("&'"+!$",3,(./$"'!"+!"$#4.'!/'",*'-!.*,"'9/'!).,!$("')".!*+')/.,!$4('<"
`'0,"'!"1+'"*($)'T"x&,0)$(",*'-!.*$m"*+'!*$"&.)/'!).L$"&'"0'/0,B$0*,m","+!"%,).4('"'%.),&.,"

AUA

DORSALES OCENICAS

'9/'!).,!$("/'#%0$!,"'!"($"'L,(+*.D!"&'"+!"$0*,"&'".)($)y"K$"20$!"'9/'!).D!"&'"($)"&,0)$(')"
,*'-!.*$)"'!"/,&,"'("#+!&,6"2'!'0$"($",%.!.D!"1+'"')/'")'0O$"'("$#4.'!/'"&')&'"'("*+$("($)"
,3,(./$)" )'" Q$!" I,0#$&,<" `'0," F.5$)Q.0," >@NhZC" !,/D" 1+'" $(2+!$)" &'" ($)" *(-).*$)" ,3,(./$)"
&'"W0,,&,)"/.'!'!"$3!.&$&')"&'"$0*,"#-)"1+'"+!"FGab"!,0#$(<"K$)"*0O/.*$)"')/+L.'0,!"
&.0.2.&$)" $(" .!/'!)," #'/$#,03)#," )+I0.&," %,0" ')/$)" 0,*$)" 1+'" Q$40O$" *$#4.$&," )+"
*,#%,).*.D!"1+O#.*$"5"%,0"(,"/$!/,".!L$(.&$0O$"$(2+!$)"*,!*(+).,!')<"`'0,"L.&0.,)"L,(*-!.*,)"
I0')*,)"'!*,!/0$&,)"%,)/'0.,0#'!/'"'!"W0,,&,)").2+'!"/'!.'!&,"$/0.4+/,)"&'"$0*,6"1+'")'"
0'%./'!"'!",/0$)",3,(./$)"*,!").2!$/+0$)"'!"(,)"'('#'!/,)"0'($/.L$#'!/'".!#DL.(')"*,#,"WQ6"
Y46" W$" 5" /.'00$)" 0$0$)<" !$" %0,%,0*.D!" #'!,0" &'" ($)" ,3,(./$)" %$0'*'" /'!'0" ,0.2'!" '!" ($)"
&,0)$(')",*'-!.*$)<"V)/,"/.'!'".#%(.*$!*.$)").2!.3*$/.L$)"'!"($"0'*,!)/0+**.D!"&'"($"'L,(+*.D!"
&'"($"*,0/'8$"*,!/.!'!/$("%,0"($"$*0'*.D!"&'"/'00'!,)",*'-!.*,)<
K$")'2+!&$"*+')/.D!"4-).*$"&'"($)",3,(./$)"')/-"0'I'0.&$"$("&')#'#40$#.'!/,"L$0.$4('"'!"
I0$2#'!/,)" &'" (./D)I'0$" ,*'-!.*$" &'!)$" $*0'*.,!$&$" >/'*/D!.*$#'!/'" '#%($8$&$C" ),40'" (,)"
#-02'!')"&'"(,)"*,!/.!'!/')"#'!,)"&'!),)"5"),40'"(,)"$0*,)"&'".)($)"'!"8,!$)"&'")+4&+**.D!6"
'!"(+2$0"&'")'0")+4&+*/$&,)<" !"%,).4('"#,&'(,")'0O$6"'("#$!/,",*'-!.*,"(./,)IR0.*,")'"('L$!/$"
),40'"($"(,8$"1+'")'")+4&+*/$"%,0")'0"#-)"4,5$!/'"%,0"($"$#%(.$")'0%'!/.!.8$*.D!"%0,&+*.&$"
%,0"'("$2+$"1+'")'"(.4'0$6"'!"*,#%$0$*.D!"*,!"($"&,0)$("&'"#$!/,",*'-!.*,")'*,">($"&'!).&$&"
&'(",(.L.!,"')"[6["2\*#[6"5"($")'0%'!/.!$"')"A6:"2\*#[C<"^,#,"/')/.2,)"&'"($"7,/$4.(.&$&"&'"
($)"0,*$)"+(/0$#-3*$)"Q.&0$/$&$)6")'"/.'!'"$"(,)"&.$%.0,)")'0%'!/.!.8$&,)6"1+'"Q$!"%'0I,0$&,"'("
I,!&,",*'-!.*,6"*,#,"(,)"#,!/')"#$0.!,)"&'("$!/'B$0*,"&'"($)"F$0.$!$)">Gwl$!('5"@NN:C<"K$"
(./D)I'0$"%+'&'"/'!'0"7,/$4.(.&$&"%,0"($"J+L'!/+&"&'"($")'0%'!/.!.8$*.D!"1+'")'"%0,&+*'"'!"(,)"
#-02'!')"*,!/.!'!/$(')"*,!L'02'!/')6"&'"&'!).&$&"$%0,9.#$&$#'!/'").#.($0","(.2'0$#'!/'"
#$5,0">$%0,9<"A6h"2\*#[C"1+'"($"8,!$"&'")+4&+**.D!<"K$"(./D)I'0$",*'-!.*$"I0O$"5"!,"Q.&0$/$&$"
#+5"(,*$(#'!/'"%+'&'")'0"'9%+()$&$"$("'9/'0.,0">?.2<"@AB@;C<
K,)"*+'0%,)"+(/0$#-3*,)"_(%.!,)6"*,#%0'!&'!")'2f!")+"*,#%,).*.D!"&,)")+4/.%,)"1+'"
gradan uno al otro.
SUBTIPO HARZBURGITICO
`0.!*.%$(#'!/'" Q$084+02./$)" 5" &+!./$)" *,!" &.1+')" #'!,0')6" &'" %.0,9'!./$6" 2$40,6"
/0,!&QJ'#./$)"5"20$!./,)")D&.*,)">$%(,20$!./,)C<"K$)"Q$084+02./$)"/.'!'!".!&.*'"&'"*,(,0"F"
z"N;6"5"($"0'($*.D!"*%9\>,("P",%9"P"*%9C"u"Z<"V)/-!"*,#%+')/$)"')'!*.$(#'!/'"&'",(.L.!,"
5" ,0/,%.0,9'!,<" X'" &'0.L$!" &'" ($)" (Q'08,(./$)" %,0" I+).D!" 5" '9/0$**.D!" &'" (,)" *,#%,!'!/')"
4$)-(/.*,)"&'"#'!,0"%+!/,"&'"I+).D!6"1+'"*,!)+#'"$"(,)"*(.!,%.0,9'!,)"5"($"*,#%,).*.D!"
#.20$"Q$*.$"($"*,#%,).*.D!"&'"+!$"&+!./$<
SUBTIPO LHERZOLTICO
^,!)/./+.&," %,0" (Q'08,(./$)" *,!" *$!/.&$&')" #'!,0')" &'" %.0,9'!./$)6" $#4,)" *,!"
*(.!,%.0,9'!,)" %0,#.!'!/')m" ($" %0.!*.%$(" I$)'" $(+#.!,)$" %+'&'" )'0" /$!/," 20$!$/'6" ')%.!'($"
,"%($2.,*($)$<"V)/$)"0,*$)"/.'!'!"($"*$%$*.&$&"&'"'#.).D!"&'"(O1+.&,)"4$)-(/.*,)6"%0,%.'&$&"
!," %,)'O&$" %,0" '(" )+4/.%," Q$084+02O/.*,<" K$)" (Q'08,(./$)" /.'!'!" .!&.*'" &'" *,(,0" F" z" N;"
5" ($)" 0'($*.,!')" ,%9\>,(" P" *%9" P" ,%9C6" 5" *%9\>,(" P" *%9" P" ,%9C" z" Z<" V)/-!" *,#%+')/$)"
&,#.!$!/'#'!/'"&'",(.L.!,6",0/,%.0,9'!,"5"*(.!,%.0,9'!,<
^,!"'("$+#'!/,"&'"%0').D!">?.2<"@ABNC6"($)"$),*.$*.,!')"#.!'0$(')"&'"($)"(Q'08,(./$)"),!T
Bb$J$"%0').D!T",(.L.!,"P",0/,%.0,9'!,"P"*(.!,%.0,9'!,"P plagioclasa
BF'&.$!$"%0').D!T",(.L.!,"P",0/,%.0,9'!,"P"*(.!,%.0,9'!,"P espinela
B_(/$"%0').D!T",(.L.!,"P",0/,%.0,9'!,"P"*(.!,%.0,9'!,"P"granate

ALEJANDRO TOSELLI

AU[

Fig. 12-9."_),*.$*.,!')"#.!'0$(')"*,!"'(".!*0'#'!/,"&'"($"%0').D!<

K$"I-40.*$"&'"($)"0,*$)"+(/0$#-3*$)"$(%.!$)6"')"#'/$#D03*$"5"$!.),/0D%.*$6"*,#,"0')+(/$&,"
&'"&'I,0#$*.D!"'!"')/$&,")D(.&,m"*$%$)"')1+.)/,)$)"5"2!'.).*$)6"')/-!"(,*$(#'!/'"%('2$&$)<"
K$)"I-40.*$)"*+#+(+)"')/-!"4,00$&$)"%,0"'I'*/,)"#'/$#D03*,)<
!$"*$/'2,0O$"&'"($)"`'0.&,/./$)"_(%.!$)")'"($)"&'!,#.!$"cE.$%.0,)"%'0.&,/O/.*,)"&'"$(/$"
/'#%'0$/+0$d6"1+'"Q$!".!/0+O&,"L'0/.*$(#'!/'"*,#,"*+'0%,)"&.$%O0.*,)"5"($"$(/$"/'#%'0$/+0$"
&'" ($" .!/0+).D!" %+'&'" )'0" 0'*,!,*.&$" %,0" ($)" $+0',($)" &'" #'/$#,03)#," &'" *,!/$*/,<"
^,#," 'J'#%(,)" )'" *./$!T" ($" %'0.&,/./$" K.8$0&" &'" H!2($/'00$" >e0''!" @N:UCm" ($)" %'0.&,/./$)"
a,!&$" >V)%$]$C" 5" F/<" _(4'0/6" ^$!$&-<" V!" ')/$)" .!/0+).,!')" ($)" 'L.&'!*.$)" %'/0,20-3*$)" 5"
&'"2',4$0,#'/0O$"&'"%.0,9'!,)6".!&.*$!"1+'"($"$),*.$*.D!"#.!'0$(",0.2.!$("&'"($"%'0.&,/./$"
')/+L,"'!"'1+.(.40.,"$"#+5"$(/$"/'#%'0$/+0$"5"%0').D!"5"Q$"0'*0.)/$(.8$&,"*,#,"$),*.$*.,!')"
&'"4$J$"%0').D!"5"/'#%'0$/+0$"&+0$!/'"'("$)*'!),"5"'#%($8$#.'!/,"3!$(<"^,!"0')%'*/,"$"')/'"
#'*$!.)#,")'"Q$!"%0,&+*.&,"*+')/.,!$#.'!/,)6"1+'"'9%0')$!"1+'"+!"&.$%.0,"&'"%'0.&,/./$6"
!,"%+'&'".!/0+.0"($"0,*$"&'"*$#%,"1+'"')"#-)"(.L.$!$6"$+!1+'"'(($"')/R"%$0*.$(#'!/'"I+!&.&$"
5")'0%'!/.!.8$&$<"K$)",4)'0L$*.,!')")'"4$)$!"'!"($"I$(/$"&'"'L.&'!*.$)"&'"I+).D!"%$0*.$("$"20$!"
')*$($6","($"I$(/$"&'")'0%'!/.!.8$*.D!6",")."($")'0%'!/.!.8$*.D!"')"&'"%,)/B'#%($8$#.'!/,<
E,!&'"!,"Q$40O$"&+&$)"0')%'*/,"$"+!$".!/0+).D!"#$2#-/.*$"%'0.&,/O/.*$"')"'!"V/$!2"&'"
KQ'08">KQ'08"o"(Q'08,(./$C6"'!"(,)"`.0.!',)6"1+'"')"+!"*+'0%,"&'"$%0,9<"@"=#A"1+'".!/0+5'"'!"
+!"#-0#,("^0'/-*.*,<"K$"0,*$"%0'&,#.!$!/'"')"+!$"(Q'08,(./$"*,!"%.0,9'!./$)"')%.!R(.*$)"5"
*,!"&.1+')"&'"%.0,9'!./$"20$!$/OI'0$"1+'"*,0/$!"$("*,!J+!/,"5"*,!"($".!/0+).D!"3!$("&'"&.1+')"
&'"Q,0!4('!&./$<"V)/'"*+'0%,"!,"#+')/0$"'L.&'!*.$)"&'"'#%($8$#.'!/,"/'*/D!.*,"5"%0')'!/$"
)$30.!$"5"*,0!'0+%.!$"'!"($"$+0',($"&'"*,!/$*/,"&'"$(/$"/'#%'0$/+0$"'!"($)"*$(.8$)<
K,)"')/+&.,)"')/0+*/+0$(')"&'"($)"%'0.&,/./$)"&'"/.%,"_(%.!,6".!&.*$!"1+'"')/$)"0,*$)"I+'0,!"
/0$!)%,0/$&$)"/'*/D!.*$#'!/'"Q$")+"(+2$0"$*/+$("5"!,"Q$!"(('2$&,"*,#,".!/0+).L,)"O2!',)<"
E,!&'"($"0,*$"&'"*$#%,"#+')/0$"#'/$#,03)#,"&'"*,!/$*/,6"R)/'"2'!'0$(#'!/'".!&.*$"1+'"
($"%'0.&,/./$"Q$".!/0+.&,"*,#,"+!"*+'0%,"*$(.'!/'6"$+!1+'")D(.&,<"V)/$)"*,!*(+).,!')"(('L$!"$"
&,)"%,).4(')".!/'0%0'/$*.,!')T"$C"1+'"($"%'0.&,/./$")'"Q$",0.2.!$&,"$"#+*Q$"#$5,0"%0,I+!&.&$&"
1+'"($"0,*$"&'"*$#%,6"5"4C"1+'"(,)"'L'!/,)"#$2#-/.*,)"%0.!*.%$(')"&'"*0.)/$(.8$*.D!"&'"($"
%'0.&,/./$"!,"),!"&'#$).$&,"$!/'0.,0')"$")+"'#%($8$#.'!/,<

AUU

DORSALES OCENICAS

Fig. 12-10."V)1+'#$"&'",4&+**.D!"&'",3,(./$)<

Serpentinizacin
K$"#$5,0O$"&'"($)"%'0.&,/./$)"Q$!")+I0.&,".!/'!)$")'0%'!/.!.8$*.D!<"K$")'0%'!/.!.8$*.D!"')"
($"*,!L'0).D!"&'"(,)",(.L.!,)"5"%.0,9'!,)",0.2.!$(')"'!"#.!'0$(')"&'("20+%,"&'"($")'0%'!/.!$<"
_"L'*')"(,)"#.!'0$(')",0.2.!$(')")+'('!"')/$0"%)'+#,038$&,)"5"($"/'9/+0$",0.2.!$("%+'&'!")'0"
0'*,!,*.&,)6"%'0,"'!"2'!'0$("')/-"*,#%('/$#'!/'"0''#%($8$&$<" !$"/'9/+0$"*,#f!"'!"($)"
)'0%'!/.!./$)"')"1+'")'0%'!/.!$"#$).L$"')"*,0/$&$"%,0"+!$"0'&"&'"L'!.(($)"340,)$)<"
l$5"/0')"#.!'0$(')"%0.!*.%$(')"&'")'0%'!/.!$"o"*0.),/.(,6"(.8$0&./$"5"$!/.2,0./$6"1+'"/.'!'!"
$%0,9.#$&$#'!/'" ($" #.)#$" *,#%,).*.D!" >F2:X.UO10>GlC8C<" K$" )'0%'!/.!.8$*.D!" ')" +!"
%0,*'),"&'"4$J$"/'#%'0$/+0$<"_"%0').D!"r@"k46"'(",(.L.!,"0'$**.,!$"*,!"$2+$"%$0$"I,0#$0"
)'0%'!/.!$"$"/'#%'0$/+0$"uZ;;j^<
X'"*,!).&'0$"1+'"($"$!/.2,0./$")'"Q$"I,0#$&,"*,#,"#.!'0$("#'/$#D03*,"'!"*,!&.*.,!')"
&'"I$*.')"&'"')1+.)/,)"L'0&')m"#.'!/0$)"1+'"($"(.8$0&./$"5"*0.),/.(,")'"%0,&+*'!"%,0"$*/.L.&$&"
Q.&0,/'0#$("$"4$J$"/'#%'0$/+0$<"K$)")'0%'!/.!./$)",*'-!.*$)"/.'!'!"#-)"$(/,"{E"5"{G@S"#$)"
4$J,6"1+'"($)")'0%'!/.!./$)"*,!/.!'!/$(')<"V)/$)"0'($*.,!')")+2.'0'!"1+'"$2+$"&'"#$0"*$(.'!/'"
')/-".!L,(+*0$&$"'!"($")'0%'!/.!.8$*.D!")+4#$0.!$6"#.'!/0$)"1+'"($"(.8$0&./$"5"'("*0.),/.(,"&'"($)"
)'0%'!/.!./$)"*,!/.!'!/$(')6")'0O$!"I,0#$&$)"%,0"$2+$")+4/'00-!'$"*$('!/$&$<

Lecturas Seleccionadas
b')/6"F<e<6"5"^Q0.)/.$!)'!6"V<l<"A;;@<"H2!',+)"`'/0,(,25<"b($*=g'(("X*.'!*'6"UZS"%%<
e0''!6"E<l<"@N:U<"WQ'"%'/0,2R!').)",I "/Q'"Q.2QB/'#%'0$/+0'"%'0.&,/./'".!*(+).,!)".!"/Q'"K.8$0&"$0'$6"^,0!g$((<"|<"
`'/0,(<"ZT"@[UB@SS<
l+2Q')6"^<|<"@NSA<"H2!',+)"`'/0,(,25<"V()'L.'0<"Y'g"q,0=<
F.5$)Q.0,6"_<"@NhZ<"^($)).3*$/.,!6"*Q$0$*/'0.)/.*)6"$!&",0.2.!",I ",%Q.,(./')<"|,+0!$(",I "e',(,256"S[T"AUNBAS@<
F*b.0!'56"_<a<"@NN[<"H2!',+)"`'/0,(,25<"|,!')"}"b$0/('//<"b,)/,!<
F,,0')6"V<F<"@NSA<"G0.2.!"$!&"'#%($*'#'!/",I ",%Q.,(./')<"a'L<"e',%Q5)<"X%$*'"`Q5)<6"A;T"h[ZBh:;<
Gwl$!('56"E<X<"@NN:<"X'0%'!/.!./')<"Y'g"q,0="o"G9I,0&<
Gwl$0$6"F<|<"@N:S<"_0'",*'$!"7,,0"4$)$(/)"%0.#$05"#$2#$)y"Y$/+0'"A;;T":S[B:S:<
X'$0('6"F<6"5"^,96"|<"@NNN<"W'*/,!.*")'//.!26",0.2.!6"$!&",4&+*/.,!",I "/Q'"G#$!",%Q.(./'<"e',(<"X,*<"_#<"b+((<"@@@T"
@;UB@AA<
M.(),!6"F<"@NN@<"H2!',+)"`'/0,2'!').)<"l$0%'0"^,((.!)"_*$&'#.*6"U::"%%<"