INTERNATIONAL STRATIGRAPHIC CHART

Messinian
Tortonian
Miocene

Serravallian
Langhian
Burdigalian
Aquitanian

Oligocene

Chattian
Rupelian
Priabonian

Eocene

Bartonian
Lutetian
Ypresian
Thanetian

Paleocene

Selandian
Danian
Maastrichtian
Campanian

Mesozoic
Cretaceous

Upper

Santonian
Coniacian
Turonian
Cenomanian
Albian
Aptian

Lower

Barremian
Hauterivian
Valanginian
Berriasian

3.600
5.332
7.246
11.608
13.82
15.97
20.43

28.4 0.1
33.9 0.1
37.2 0.1
40.4 0.2
48.6 0.2
55.8 0.2

Middle

65.5 0.3
70.6 0.6
83.5 0.7
85.8 0.7
~ 88.6
93.6 0.8
99.6 0.9
112.0 1.0
125.0 1.0
130.0 1.5
~ 133.9
140.2 3.0
145.5 4.0

Bajocian
Aalenian
Toarcian

Lower

Pliensbachian
Sinemurian
Hettangian
Rhaetian

Upper

Norian
Carnian

Middle
Lower

Lopingian

58.7 0.2
~ 61.1

Bathonian

Ladinian
Anisian
Olenekian

Induan
Changhsingian
Wuchiapingian
Capitanian

Guadalupian

Wordian
Roadian
Kungurian

Cisuralian

Artinskian
Sakmarian
Asselian

Upper

Gzhelian
Kasimovian

Middle

Moscovian

Lower

Bashkirian

Upper Serpukhovian
Middle
Lower

Visean

164.7 4.0
167.7 3.5

Middle

189.6 1.5

203.6 1.5
216.5 2.0
~ 228.7
237.0 2.0
~ 245.9
~ 249.5
251.0 0.4
253.8 0.7
260.4 0.7
265.8 0.7
268.0 0.7
270.6 0.7
275.6 0.7
284.4 0.7
294.6 0.8
299.0 0.8
303.4 0.9
307.2 1.0
311.7 1.1
318.1 1.3
328.3 1.6
345.3 2.1

Tournaisian 359.2 2.5

* Definition of the Quaternary and revision of the Pleistocene are under discussion. Base of the Pleistocene is at 1.81 Ma
(base of Calabrian), but may be extended to 2.59 Ma (base of Gelasian). The historic Tertiary comprises the Paleogene
and Neogene, and has no official rank.

Eifelian
Pragian

Pridoli

183.0 1.5

199.6 0.6

Givetian

Lochkovian

175.6 2.0

196.5 1.0

Frasnian

Emsian
Lower

171.6 3.0

Ludlow

Wenlock

Ludfordian
Gorstian
Homerian
Sheinwoodian
Telychian

Llandovery

Aeronian
Rhuddanian
Hirnantian

Upper

Katian
Sandbian

Middle

Darriwilian
Dapingian
Floian

Neoproterozoic

385.3 2.6

397.5 2.7
407.0 2.8
411.2 2.8
416.0 2.8
418.7 2.7
421.3 2.6
422.9 2.5
426.2 2.4
428.2 2.3
436.0 1.9
439.0 1.8
443.7 1.5

Cryogenian
Tonian
Stenian

Mesoproterozoic

Ectasian
Calymmian
Statherian

Paleoproterozoic

Orosirian
Rhyacian
Siderian

471.8 1.6

GSSP
GSSA

~635
850
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2050
2300
2500

2800

Mesoarchean
3200

Paleoarchean
3600

Eoarchean
4000

460.9 1.6
468.1 1.6

542

Neoarchean

445.6 1.5
455.8 1.6

Age
Ma

System
Period

Ediacaran

374.5 2.6

391.8 2.7

Erathem
Era

Eonothem
Eon

359.2 2.5

GSSP

Age
Ma

Stage
Age

Series
Epoch

Eonothem
Eon
Erathem
Era
System
Period

GSSP

Age
Ma
161.2 4.0

Devonian

2.588

23.03

Stage
Age

Series
Epoch

Eonothem
Eon
Erathem
Era
System
Period

GSSP

1.806

~ 155.6

Upper

Famennian

Precambrian
Archean
Proterozoic

Phanerozoic
Cenozoic
Paleogene
Neogene

Zanclean

Callovian

150.8 4.0

Hadean (informal)
~4600

Subdivisions of the global geologic record are

formally defined by their lower boundary. Each unit
488.3 1.7
of the Phanerozoic (~542 Ma to Present) and the
Stage 10
base of Ediacaran are defined by a basal Global
~ 492 *
Standard Section and Point (GSSP
), whereas
Stage 9
Furongian
~ 496 *
Precambrian units are formally subdivided by
Paibian
absolute age (Global Standard Stratigraphic Age,
~ 499
GSSA). Details of each GSSP are posted on the
Guzhangian
ICS website (www.stratigraphy.org).
~ 503
Numerical ages of the unit boundaries in the
Series 3
Drumian
~ 506.5
Phanerozoic are subject to revision. Some stages
Stage 5
within the Cambrian will be formally named upon
~ 510 *
international agreement on their GSSP limits. Most
Stage 4
sub-Series boundaries (e.g., Middle and Upper
~ 515 *
Series 2
Aptian) are not formally defined.
Stage 3
~ 521 *
Colors are according to the Commission for the
Stage 2
Geological
Map of the World (www.cgmw.org).
~ 528 *
Terreneuvian
The listed numerical ages are from 'A Geologic
Fortunian 542.0 1.0
Time Scale 2004', by F.M. Gradstein, J.G. Ogg,
This chart was drafted by Gabi Ogg. Intra Cambrian unit ages A.G. Smith, et al. (2004; Cambridge University Press)
with * are informal, and awaiting ratified definitions.
and The Concise Geologic Time Scale by J.G. Ogg,
Copyright 2008 International Commission on Stratigraphy
G. Ogg and F.M. Gradstein (2008).
Lower

Cambrian

Pliocene

Piacenzian

0.781

145.5 4.0

Phanerozoic
Paleo zoic
Ordovician
Silurian

Gelasian

Kimmeridgian
Oxfordian

Triassic

Calabrian

0.126

Pennsylvanian

Ionian

Upper

Mississippian

Pleistocene

0.0117

Meso zoic
Jurassic

Upper

Tithonian

Paleo zoic
Carboniferous
Permian

Holocene

Age
Ma

Stage
Age

Series
Epoch

International Commission on Stratigraphy

Phanerozoic

Quaternary *

Eonothem
Eon
Erathem
Era
System
Period

ICS

Tremadocian

478.6 1.7