Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Industria Responsable y
Compromiso climtico
UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA LOS ANDES
FACULTAD DE INGENIERA
CARRERA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERA CIVIL
INFORME DE PRCTICAS PRE PROFESIONALES
DISEO DE ZAPATAS
ESTUDIANTE
DOCENTE
SEMESTRE
: IX
SECCIN
:B1
Promocin de la
Responsable y
iso climtico
E ZAPATAS
CHOHUILCA, ORLANDO
ABIAN BRAEZ
DISEO DE ZAPATA AI
transmite
es: PD = 180 tn y PL = 130 tn . El peso especifico del suelo es 1800 Kg/m3 y su
esta sometido a la accion de una sobrecarga de 500 kg/m2. El concreto de la co
DATOS GENERALES:
SECCION DE COLUMNA
CARGA MUERTA:
CARGA VIVA:
CAPACIDAD PORTANTE DEL SUELO:
PROFUNDIDAD DE DESPLANTE:
PESO ESPECIFICO DEL TERRENO:
RESISTENCIA DEL CONCRETO DE LA ZAPATA:
SOBRECARGA DEL PISO:
RESISTENCIA DEL ACERO:
RECUBRIMIENTO
DIAMETRO DE LAS VARILLAS DE REFUERZO:
PISO DE CONCRETO h=10
t1 =
t2 =
PD =
PL =
t =
Df =
t =
f'c =
s/c =
Fy =
R=
v =
h=
0.45
0.45
180.00
130.00
2.80
1.00
1.80
210.00
500.00
4200.00
7.50
2.54
10
hf=
1.10
mts.
mts.
Tn.
Tn.
kg/cm2.
mts.
Tn/m3.
kg/cm2.
kg/m2.
kg/cm2.
cmt
cm.
cm.
0.45
0.45
180.00
130.00
28.00
1.00
1.80
210.00
0.50
4200.00
0.075
2.54
0.10
mts.
25.28
Tn/m2
12.26
m2
S' x T' =
3.510
mts. Utilizar
T=
3.550 mt
S=
3.502
mts. Utilizar
S=
3.550 mt
USAR
SxT
Lv1 = Lv2 =
1.550
1.550
3.550
473
12.60
37.53
m2
Azap
T=
Pu =
3.510
Tn
m2
Tn/m2
3.550
T=
S
P
qm
( t1 - t2
2
( t1 - t2 )
Az
2
Az
Donde:
Pu = Carga Ultima
Wnu
Pu
Azap
0.85
I = II
Formando una ecuacion de segundo Grado
a =
559.8014536
b=
268.80
c=
-465.40
Entonces d =
0.7028 mt
h =
87.78
cm
h =
usar
60.000 cm
d =
0.70 m
VERIFICACION DE CORTANTE:
mts.
Vn =
1.550
112.88
132.80
Vc =
191.62
Tn
Lv =
Vdu =
Tt
2
Vdu = (WnuxB)(Lv - d)
Lv
Tn.
Tn.
> Vn
Vc = 0.53 f c bd
CONFORME
Vc Vn
SENTIDO LONGITUDINAL:
DISEO POR FLEXION:
Mu =
160.05
Tn-m
b=
355.00
cm
ITERANDO:
d = FACTOR DE REDUCCION DE DISEO IGUAL A 0.9
Asumiendo a =
14.06
cm
As =
As =
As =
66.94
62.21
62.07
cm2
cm2
cm2
As =
62.07
cm2
62.07
cm2
Usar As =
0.90
d =
a=
a=
a=
4.437
4.123
4.114
a=
4.114
cm
cm
Asmin =
44.91
cm2.
As =
62.07
cm2.
<
62.07
cm2.
OK !
CALCULO DE VARILLAS:
5.1
cm2.
n = As/A =
12.17
VARILLAS
usar n =
12
VARILLAS
v =
Separacion = ( S -2r - v ) / (n - 1)
Separacion =
30.450
cm
Usar Separacion =
30
cm
USAR:
12
VARILLAS
30
cm
SENTIDO TRANSVERSAL:
Asl =
62.07
cm2
Ast =
62.07
cm2
A =
cm2.
n = As/A =
12.17
VARILLAS
usar n =
12
VARILLAS
5.1
v =
Separacion = ( S -2r - v ) / (n - 1)
Separacion =
30.450
mts.
Usar Separacion =
30
mts.
USAR:
12
VARILLAS
147.50 cm
5.1 cm2
Fc =
210.00 Kg/cm2
Fy =
4200.00 Kg/cm2
db =
2.548 cm
30
cm
Ld1 =
Ld2 =
Ld3 =
88.69 cm
61.00 cm
30.00 cm
Ld =
88.687 cm
Usar Ld =
70.950 cm
<
Ldisp =
147.500 cm
conforme
473 Tn
Pn =
727.69 Tn
>
361.4625 Tn
>
conforme
Pnb
727.69
Xo =
A2 =
A1 =
3.55 mt
12.6025 mt
0.2025 mt
(A2/A1)^0,5 =
7.89
usar
CONDI
Ao =
0.405
Pnb =
722.925 Tn
>
Pn
2.00
Pn >
Pnb
conforme
>
Pnb
usar Asmin =
10.13 cm2
ZAPATA AISLADA
D f
t1
t2
ap
mts.
mts.
Tn.
Tn.
tn/m2.
mts.
Tn/m3.
kg/cm2.
tn/m2.
kg/cm2.
mts.
cm.
mts.
hf
P
qm
( t1 - t2 )
2
( t1 - t2 )
Az
2
nu
Az
Pu
Azap
f c bd
t
m = t+d
T
(Wnu x B)L v 2
2
Mu
As=
a
Fy(d- )
2
As.Fy
a
0.85f'c b
Mu=
As mn = 0.0018 * B * d
As > As mn OK !!
Ab
# Varilla ( n ) = As
d/2
n = b+d
uxB)(Lv - d)
d/2
Ab
Espaciam = B - 2*r.e - b
n -1
CONDICION:
Pn > Pnb
DISEO DE ZAPATA A
DATOS GENERALES:
SECCION DE COLUMNA
t1 =
t2 =
PD =
PL =
MDx=
MLx=
hc=
t =
ht =
t =
f'c =
f'c =
s/c =
Fy =
R=
v =
h=
0.60
0.60
90.00
72.00
18.00
16.00
70.00
1.90
30.00
2.00
420.00
210.00
400.00
4200.00
7.50
2.54
10
hf=
30.10
CARGA MUERTA:
CARGA VIVA:
MOMENTOS
mts.
mts.
Tn.
Tn.
Tn-m
Tn-m
cm
kg/cm2.
cm
Tn/m3.
kg/cm2.
kg/cm2.
kg/m2.
kg/cm2.
cmt
cm.
cm.
0.60
0.60
90000.00
72000.00
18.00
16.00
70.00
19.00
0.30
2.00
420.00
210.00
0.04
4200.00
0.075
2.54
0.10
mts.
16.08
Kg/cm2
10.07
m2
S' x T' =
3.180
3.174
mts. Utilizar
T=
3.50 mt
S=
3.174
mts. Utilizar
S=
3.50 mt
USAR
SxT
Lv1 = Lv2 =
1.450
1.450
3.500
USAR:
3.500
T=
3.500
3.180
m2
Azap
T =
S
P
qm
( t1 2
( t1 Az
2
Az
S=
3.500
VERIFICACION DE PRESIONES
Pu=
TxS=
162.00
12.25
Mx=
SxT^2 =
204
42.88
1=
17.98
1 = /
/(
/(^
CONDICIO
n > 1
Tn
> n
25
INCREMENTAR AREA
% )
15.31 m
T=
S=
3.91
3.91
4.0 m
4.0 m
VERIFICACION DE PRESIONES
Pu=
TxS=
162.00
16.00
6Mx=
ST2=
204
64.00
1=
13.31
Tn
248.4
16.00
15.53
CONFORME
< n
Donde:
Tn
m2
Pu = Carga Ultima
Wnu
Tn/m2
I = II
Formando una ecuacion de segundo Grado
a =
537.79421793
b=
331.99
c=
-242.81
Entonces d =
0.4308 mt
h =
60.58
cm
usar
h =
60.000 cm
0.85
Pu
Azap
d =
0.43 m
VERIFICACION DE CORTANTE:
mts.
Vn =
1.450
55.38
65.16
Vc =
115.80
Tn
Lv =
Vdu =
Tt
2
Vdu = (WnuxB)(Lv - d)
Lv
Tn.
Tn.
> Vn
Vc = 0.53 f c bd
CONFORME
Vc Vn
SENTIDO LONGITUDINAL:
DISEO POR FLEXION:
Mu =
b=
57.12
350.00
Mu=
Tn-m
As=
cm
38.98
36.18
36.10
cm2
cm2
cm2
As =
36.10
cm2
36.10
cm2
Usar As =
a=
a=
a=
2.62
2.432
2.427
a=
2.427
0.90
d =
cm
cm
Asmin =
27.14
cm2.
As =
36.10
cm2.
<
36.10
cm2.
OK !
CALCULO DE VARILLAS:
5.1
cm2.
n = As/A =
7.08
VARILLAS
usar n =
VARILLAS
Mu
Fy(d-
ITERANDO:
As =
As =
As =
(Wnu
v =
As.Fy
0.85f'c
Usar Separacion =
55
cm
USAR:
VARILLAS
55
cm
SENTIDO TRANSVERSAL:
Asl =
36.10
cm2
Ast =
36.10
cm2
A =
cm2.
5.1
n = As/A =
7.08
VARILLAS
usar n =
VARILLAS
v =
Separacion = ( S -2r - v ) / (n - 1)
Separacion =
54.980
mts.
Usar Separacion =
55
mts.
USAR:
VARILLAS
cm
55
137.50 cm
5.1 cm2
Fc =
210.00 Kg/cm2
Fy =
4200.00 Kg/cm2
db =
2.548 cm
Ld1 =
Ld2 =
Ld3 =
88.69 cm
61.00 cm
30.00 cm
Ld =
88.687 cm
Usar Ld =
70.950 cm
<
Ldisp =
137.500 cm
conforme
248.4 Tn
Pn =
382.15 Tn
>
Pnb =
Pn
642.6 Tn
<
Verificar
Pnb
382.15
Xo =
A2 =
A1 =
3.5 mt
12.25 mt
0.36 mt
(A2/A1)^0,5 =
5.83
usar
Ao =
0.72
Pnb =
1285.2 Tn
<
Pn
Pnb
2.00
Verificar
<
Pnb
usar Asmin =
18.00 cm2
ZAPATA AISLADA
P
qm
( t1 - t2 )
2
( t1 - t2 )
Az
2
Az
D f
t1
t2
ap
mts.
mts.
Tn.
Tn.
Tn-m
Tn-m
cm.
tn/m2.
mts.
Tn/m3.
kg/cm2.
kg/cm2.
tn/m2.
kg/cm2.
mts.
cm.
mts.
hf
1 = /+
/( ^ ) +
/(^ )
CONDICION:
n > 1
INCREMENTAR AREA DE ZAPATA
CONFORME
Carga Ultima
Wnu
Pu
Azap
c bd
t
m = t+d
T
(Wnu x B)L v 2
2
Mu
As=
a
Fy(d- )
2
As.Fy
a
0.85f'c b
Mu=
As mn = 0.0018 * B * d
As > As mn OK !!
Ab
# Varilla ( n ) = As
Ab
Espaciam = B - 2*r.e - b
n -1
d/2
n = b+d
d/2
b
xB)(Lv - d)
# Varilla = As1
Ab
As col. > As mn OK !!
CONDICION:
Pn > Pnb
Pgina 30 de 50
Problema 3) Disear la zapata combinada que soportara las columnas mostradas en la figura. Las cargas que provienen
La columna 1 es de 40x40 cm, y la columna 2 es de 50x50 cm. Ambas estan reforzadas con varillas
suelo es 2100 kg/m3, su carga de trabajo es 2.0 kg/cm2 y esta sometido a la accion de una sobreca
El concreto de la columna es de fc=420 kg/cm2. Emplear fc=210 kg/cm2 y fy=4200 kg/cm2.
COL:
C1
C2
SECCION
40 X 40
50 X 50
b x t
REF.
3/4"
3/4"
Acero
PD
20
38
tn
PL
12
18
tn
PL1
S/C = 500 kg/m
2
b2
b1
t1
t2
4.70
Df = 1.60
m = 2100
qa = 2.00
1.40
m
Otros
kg/m3
S/C = 500 kg/m
kg/cm2 d(eje-eje)=
4.5 m
Columna
f ' c = 420 kg/cm
f'c=
fy =
Zapata
210 kg/cm
4200 kg/cm
b ( 3/4" ) =
0.08 x b x fy / f c =
1.91
44
cm
cm
32
cm
ld =
44
cm
r.e =
hc=
ht=
7.50
54.00
106.00
cm
cm
cm
ht =
106.00
cm
qm =
1.60
.004*b*fy =
OK !!
ld >= 0.004 * b * fy
Tomar
hc = ld + r.e + b
hm = Df - hc
Tomar
Longitud de desarrollo en co
kg/cm
20
32
Tn
P2s =
30
30
Pgina 31 de 50
+Mo = 0
0
Xo
470.00
Rs =
Lz / 2
e = Lz / 2 - Xo
Lz / 6
e < Lz/6
q1,2 = Rs * 1 6 * e
Lz
Lz
P1s =
P2s =
Rs =
Xo =
32 Tn
56 Tn
88 Tn
306.36 cm
Lz =
Lz / 2 =
e=
Lz / 6=
640.00 cm
320.00 cm
13.64 cm
107 cm
170.00
88
Tn
Pgina 32 de 50
L = 2 x Xo
B =(P1s +P2s)
qn x L
L=
613
cm
B=
90
cm
tomamos B =
85 cm
Como S/C = 500 kg/cm, Verificamos las presiones del suelo - ADICIONAL ( q 1,2 )
Ps1 = P1D + 50%P1L
Ps2 = P2D + P2L
R1s = P1s + P2s
P1s =
+Mo = 0
20
26 Tn
P2s =
20
30
0
Xo
470.00
e = Xo1 - Xo
q = Ps + Mc = Ps + Ps x e
Az I
Az
I
30
P1s =
P2s =
R1s =
Xo1 =
26 Tn
56 Tn
82 Tn
327.32 cm
170.00
R1s =
e=
82
20.96
Tn
cm
q=
43.18
kg/cm2
q < qm cumple " OK "
q > qm no cumple "AUMENTAMOS EL ANCHO B
150 cm
Aumentamos el Ancho hc =
Un nuevo calculo
Ps = 82000 kg
q = 1.13 kg/cm2
e = 20.96 cm
B = 265
cm
I = 74531250
cm4
OK !!
P1s =
+Mo = 0
20
32 Tn
P2s =
20
30
0
Xo
470.00
Lz / 2
e2 = Lz / 2 - Xo
Lz / 6
e2 < Lz/6
q1,2 = R2s * 1 6 * e2
B
30
P1s =
P2s =
R2s =
Xo =
32 Tn
47 Tn
79 Tn
287.72 cm
1.40
R2s =
79 Tn
e=
18.64
cm
q=
1.97
kg/cm2
Pgina 33 de 50
P1s =
32 Tn
qn = P1s + P2s
Az
qn = 5417.2181 kg/m
Por unidad de Longitud
qm = qm1*B
4.50
( No amplificada )
qm =
5417.22
kg/m
Pgina 34 de 50
48415.892
1083.44 kg
+
-
1.7537
-7584.108
-30916.56 kg
kg - m
-27000.69
M
+
108.34
kg - m
5308.88
Vc = 0.53 x f ' c x b x d =
0.85 x Vc = 243932.36 kg
Aumentamos el Peralte a h =
150 cm.
Vu = Vmax - qn x ( b2/2 + d ) =
Aporte del Concreto :
286979.25 kg
d=
d=
kg
ya que : F = ( 1.4 x D
F=
Vu < 0 x Vc
Cumple !!
Vu < 0 x Vc
Cumple !!
OK !!
h- ree
141 cm
39152.446 kg
Vc = 0.53 x f ' c x b x d =
286979.25 kg
0.85 x Vc = 243932.36 kg
Vu <
O x Vc
CUMPLE !!
COLUMNA INTERIOR :
Vu = 1.50 x ( Pu - qnu x m x n ) =
31747.939 kg
Vu = 31747.9393 kg
c =
El aporte del Concreto :
1
Vu = 1.50 x ( Pu - qnu x m x n ) =
Vu =
65298
kg
c =
El aporte del Concreto :
bo = ( b + ,5*d ) + 2x( t + d ) =
Vc = 0.27 x 2 +
4 x f 'c x bo x d
c
Vc = 1928661.399 kg
Vc = 1639362.189 kg
412 cm
bo = ( b + 0,5*d ) + 2x( t + d ) =
Vc = 0.27 x 2 +
4 x f 'c x bo x
c
Vc = 2352311.5 kg
Vc = 1999464.8 kg
Pgina 35 de 50
Vc = 1.10 x f 'c x bo x d =
Vc = 1309584.9 kg
Vc = 1113147.17 kg
CUMPLE !!
Vu < Vc
1309585 kg
Vc = 1.10 x f 'c x bo x d =
Vc = 1597248.6 kg
Vc = 1357661.3 kg
CUMPLE !!
Vu < Vc
Pgina 36 de 50
P1
qn
Calculo de As :
X = 5.91 m
m
m
As = Mu / ( * fy * ( d - a/2 ))
a = As * fy / ( 0.85 * f 'c * B )
As mn = 0.0018 * B * d
As > As mn OK !!
Ab
# Varilla ( n ) = As
Ab
Espaciam = B - 2*r.e - b
n -1
Mu =
Mu =
P1 x X
88113.42
r .e .e =
B = 265 cm2
d = 141 cm2
a = 2.77 cm
As = 25.04 cm2
a = 2.22 cm
As = 25
qn x X^2
2
Mu = -88113.42
kg - m
8cm
db =1.91
cm2
(Valor Asumido)
Ab ( 3/4" ) =
2.85 cm2
# Varilla ( n ) =
9
Espaciam =31 cm
9 3/4" @
31
cm
cm2
>
As mn ASUMIR As mn !!
Mu =
qn x ( L )^2
2
Mu =
5308.87
L=
1.91
Calculo de As :
As = Mu / ( * fy * ( d - a/2 ))
a = As * fy / ( 0.85 * f 'c * B )
As mn = 0.0018 * B * d
As > As mn OK !!
Ab
# Varilla ( n ) = As
Ab
Espaciam = B - 2*r.e - b
n -1
kg - m
m
1.4
Mu =
B = 265
d = 141
a = 0.18
As = 1.50
a = 0.13
cm2
cm2
cm2
cm2
cm
As = 1.49 cm2
14 5/8"@ 22cm
5308.87
r .e .e =
kg - m
8cm
db =1.91
cm2
(Valor Asumido)
Ab ( 3/4" ) =
2.85 cm2
# Varilla ( n ) =
1
Espaciam =#DIV/0!
cm
1 3/4" @
#DIV/0!cm
>
As mn
ASUMIR As mn !!
d/2
d/2
d/2
Pgina 37 de 50
1.205
ZAPATA EXTERIOR
1.91
ZAPATA INTERIOR
Pgina 38 de 50
qn =
Pu
Az
Mu =
qnu x B x (L^2)
2
qn =
1.52
kg/cm2
Mu = 1159059
B = 120.5 cm2 r .e .e = 8 cm
db =
d = 141 cm
a = 0.52 2
(Valor Asumido)
cm
As = 2.18
cm2
a = 0.43
cm
As = 2.18
cm2
As mn = 32.54 cm2
1.59 cm2
qn =
Pu
Az
Mu =
qnu x B x (L^2)
2
qn = 1.66
B = 191
d = 141
a = 0.64
As = 3.45
a = 0.43
cm
cm2
As = 3.44
cm2
Mu =
r .e .e = 8 cm
cm
cm2
cm
As mn = 51.57
(Valor Asumido)
cm2
As mn = 8.00 cm2
As col > As min
CUMPLE !!
Pu = 83800 kg
c
A1 = 2500 cm2
* 0.85 * f 'c *m
A1 = 624750 kg
2
Pu < * 0.85 * f 'c * A1
As mn = 12.50cm2
As col > As min
CUMPLE !!
3xh=
45 cm
450 cm
d/2
450
OK !!
d/2
d/2
24 3/4"@ 11cm
18 3/4"@ 10cm
11 3/4"@ 10cm
Longitud de desarrollo en Traccion ( Ld )
ld = b * fy * <
Lv1
25 3/4"@ 10cm
Pgina 39 de 50
3.54 * f 'c^.5 * C + Kr
b
Lv1 = Lv - r.e.e
Ld =
65 cm
Ld1 = 42 cm
b (3/4") = 1.91
= 1.00
b (5/8") = 1.59
= 0.80
r.e.e = 7.50
= 1.00
fy = 4200
= 1.30
f'c = 210
= 1.00
Longitud de desarrollo en traccin
C = 6.50
ktr = 0
2.5
q=
Lv1 = 132.50
Ld < Lv1
Ld = 65.05 cm
Refuerzo montaje en forma de Garrido
3/8" para refuerzo principal =< 3/4"
1/2" para refuerzo principal > 3/4"
con espaciamiento maximo de 45 cm.
OK !!
Pgina 40 de 50
PL2
h t = 106.00
hc = 54.00
ud de desarrollo en compresin
56 Tn
Pgina 41 de 50
170.00
cm
Pgina 42 de 50
56 Tn
170.00
cm
I = ( B x L^3 )/12
I=
1115370
cm4
AUMENTAMOS EL ANCHO B
47 Tn
1.40
I = ( B x L^3 )/12
I=
74531250
cm4
AUMENTAMOS EL ANCHO B
Pgina 43 de 50
P2s =
56 Tn
qm
140.00 m
cm3
Pgina 44 de 50
48415.892 kg
-7584.108 kg
kg - m
5308.88
65298
1
503 cm
2+
4 x f 'c x bo x d
kg
Pgina 45 de 50
10 x f 'c x bo x d =
CUMPLE !!
2E+006 kg
4 5/8"@ 22cm
Pgina 46 de 50
kg - m
Pgina 47 de 50
Pgina 48 de 50
kg/cm2
###
db =
1.59 cm2
(Valor Asumido)
8.00 cm2
As col > As min
OK !!
cm2
As col > As min
OK !!
Pgina 49 de 50
q = ( C+kt r )/ b
8.41
q >= 2.5 ,PONER 2.5 !!
q < 2.5 ,PONER q !!
OK !!
0.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.32
0.71
1.27
1.98
2.85
5.1
1/4 "
3/8 "
1/2 "
5/8 "
3/4 "
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.32
0.71
1.27
1.98
2.85
5.1
1/4 "
3/8 "
1/2 "
5/8 "
3/4 "
1"
1"