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APNDICE
TA B L A S Y G R F I C A S
DE PROPIEDADES
(UNIDADES SI)*
TABLA A-1
885
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TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-1
Masa molar, constante de gas y calores especficos de gas ideal de algunas sustancias
Sustancia
Aire
Amoniaco, NH3
Argn, Ar
Bromo, Br2
n-Butano, C4H10
Cloro, Cl2
Clorodifluorometano (R-22), CHClF2
Dixido de azufre, SO2
Dixido de carbono, CO2
Dixido de nitrgeno, NO2
Etano, C2H6
Etileno, C2H4
Flor, F2
Helio, He
n-Heptano, C7H16
n-Hexano, C6H14
Hidrgeno, H2
Isobutano, C4H10
Kriptn, Kr
Metano, CH4
Monxido de carbono, CO
Nen, Ne
Nitrgeno, N2
xido ntrico, NO
Oxgeno, O2
n-Pentano, C5H12
Propano, C3H8
Propileno, C3H6
Tetraclorometano, CCl4
Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a), C2H2F4
Trifluoroetano (R-143a), C2H3F3
Vapor de agua, H2O
Xenn, Xe
Masa molar
M, kg/kmol
Constante de gas
R, kJ/kg K*
cp, kJ/kg K
28.97
17.03
39.95
159.81
58.12
70.905
86.47
64.06
44.01
46.006
30.070
28.054
38.00
4.003
100.20
86.18
2.016
58.12
83.80
16.04
28.01
20.183
28.01
30.006
32.00
72.15
44.097
42.08
153.82
102.03
84.04
18.015
131.30
0.2870
0.4882
0.2081
0.05202
0.1430
0.1173
0.09615
0.1298
0.1889
0.1889
0.2765
0.2964
0.2187
2.077
0.08297
0.09647
4.124
0.1430
0.09921
0.5182
0.2968
0.4119
0.2968
0.2771
0.2598
0.1152
0.1885
0.1976
0.05405
0.08149
0.09893
0.4615
0.06332
1.005
2.093
0.5203
0.2253
1.694
0.4781
0.6496
0.6228
0.8439
0.8060
1.744
1.527
0.8237
5.193
1.649
1.654
14.30
1.663
0.2480
2.226
1.039
1.030
1.040
0.9992
0.9180
1.664
1.669
1.531
0.5415
0.8334
0.9291
1.865
0.1583
cv, kJ/kg K
0.7180
1.605
0.3122
0.1732
1.551
0.3608
0.5535
0.4930
0.6550
0.6171
1.468
1.231
0.6050
3.116
1.566
1.558
10.18
1.520
0.1488
1.708
0.7417
0.6180
0.7429
0.7221
0.6582
1.549
1.480
1.333
0.4875
0.7519
0.8302
1.403
0.09499
k cp /cv
1.400
1.304
1.667
1.300
1.092
1.325
1.174
1.263
1.288
1.306
1.188
1.241
1.362
1.667
1.053
1.062
1.405
1.094
1.667
1.303
1.400
1.667
1.400
1.384
1.395
1.074
1.127
1.148
1.111
1.108
1.119
1.329
1.667
* La unidad kJ/kg K es equivalente a kPa m3/kg K. La constante de gas se calcula a partir de R Ru /M, donde Ru 8.31447 kJ/kmol K es la constante
universal de gas y M es la masa molar.
Fuente: Los valores de calores especficos se obtienen principalmente a partir de los procedimientos para propiedades preparados por The National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD.
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APNDICE 1
TABLA A-2
Propiedades de puntos de ebullicin y de congelacin
Datos de ebullicin a 1 atm
Sustancia
Datos de congelacin
Punto de
Calor latente
Calor latente
ebullicin de vaporizacin Punto de
de fusin
normal, C
hfg , kJ/kg congelacin, C hif , kJ/kg
Aceite (ligero)
Agua
100
2257
0.0
333.7
Alcohol etlico
Amoniaco
78.6
33.3
855
1357
156
77.7
108
322.4
Argn
Benceno
n-Butano
Dixido de carbono
Etanol
Etilenglicol
Glicerina
Helio
Hidrgeno
Isobutano
Mercurio
Metano
185.9
80.2
0.5
78.4*
78.2
198.1
179.9
268.9
252.8
11.7
356.7
161.5
161.6
394
385.2
230.5 (a 0C)
838.3
800.1
974
22.8
445.7
367.1
294.7
510.4
189.3
5.5
138.5
56.6
114.2
10.8
18.9
259.2
160
38.9
182.2
28
126
80.3
Metanol
Nitrgeno
64.5
195.8
1100
198.6
97.7
210
99.2
25.3
Octano
Oxgeno
Petrleo
Propano
124.8
183
42.1
306.3
212.7
230384
427.8
57.5
218.8
180.7
13.7
187.7
80.0
Queroseno
Refrigerante-134a
204293
26.1
109
181.1
200.6
59.5
105.7
11.4
58.4
251
216.8
24.9
96.6
17.4
Propiedades de lquido
Temperatura,
C
Densidad
r, kg/m3
Calor
especfico
cp, kJ/kg K
25
0
25
50
75
100
20
33.3
20
0
25
185.6
20
0.5
0
25
20
20
268.9
252.8
11.7
25
161.5
100
25
195.8
160
20
183
20
42.1
0
50
20
50
26.1
0
25
910
1000
997
988
975
958
789
682
665
639
602
1394
879
601
298
783
1109
1261
146.2
70.7
593.8
13,560
423
301
787
809
596
703
1141
640
581
529
449
820
1443
1374
1295
1207
1.80
4.22
4.18
4.18
4.19
4.22
2.84
4.43
4.52
4.60
4.80
1.14
1.72
2.31
0.59
2.46
2.84
2.32
22.8
10.0
2.28
0.139
3.49
5.79
2.55
2.06
2.97
2.10
1.71
2.0
2.25
2.53
3.13
2.00
1.23
1.27
1.34
1.43
20
1150
3.11
* Temperatura de sublimacin (a presiones por abajo de la presin del punto triple de 518 kPa, el dixido de carbono existe en fase slida o como gas. Adems,
la temperatura del punto de congelacin del dixido de carbono es la temperatura del punto triple de 56.5C).
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TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-3
Propiedades del agua saturada
Temp.
T, C
Presin de
saturacin
Psat, kPa
Densidad
r, kg/m3
Lquido
Vapor
Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, kJ/kg
Calor
especfico
cp, J/kg K
Lquido
Vapor
Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K
Lquido
Vapor
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Viscosidad dinmica
m, kg/m s
Lquido
103
Vapor
Lquido
Vapor
Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica
b, 1/K
Lquido
0.01
5
10
15
20
0.6113
0.8721
1.2276
1.7051
2.339
999.8
999.9
999.7
999.1
998.0
0.0048
0.0068
0.0094
0.0128
0.0173
2501
2490
2478
2466
2454
4217
4205
4194
4186
4182
1854
1857
1862
1863
1867
0.561
0.571
0.580
0.589
0.598
0.0171
0.0173
0.0176
0.0179
0.0182
1.792
1.519
1.307
1.138
1.002
103
103
103
103
0.922
0.934
0.946
0.959
0.973
105
105
105
105
105
13.5
11.2
9.45
8.09
7.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.068
0.015
0.733
0.138
0.195
103
103
103
103
103
25
30
35
40
45
3.169
4.246
5.628
7.384
9.593
997.0
996.0
994.0
992.1
990.1
0.0231
0.0304
0.0397
0.0512
0.0655
2442
2431
2419
2407
2395
4180
4178
4178
4179
4180
1870
1875
1880
1885
1892
0.607
0.615
0.623
0.631
0.637
0.0186
0.0189
0.0192
0.0196
0.0200
0.891
0.798
0.720
0.653
0.596
103
103
103
103
103
0.987
1.001
1.016
1.031
1.046
105
105
105
105
105
6.14
5.42
4.83
4.32
3.91
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.247
0.294
0.337
0.377
0.415
103
103
103
103
103
50
55
60
65
70
12.35
15.76
19.94
25.03
31.19
988.1
985.2
983.3
980.4
977.5
0.0831
0.1045
0.1304
0.1614
0.1983
2383
2371
2359
2346
2334
4181
4183
4185
4187
4190
1900
1908
1916
1926
1936
0.644
0.649
0.654
0.659
0.663
0.0204
0.0208
0.0212
0.0216
0.0221
0.547
0.504
0.467
0.433
0.404
103
103
103
103
103
1.062
1.077
1.093
1.110
1.126
105
105
105
105
105
3.55
3.25
2.99
2.75
2.55
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.451
0.484
0.517
0.548
0.578
103
103
103
103
103
75
80
85
90
95
38.58
47.39
57.83
70.14
84.55
974.7
971.8
968.1
965.3
961.5
0.2421
0.2935
0.3536
0.4235
0.5045
2321
2309
2296
2283
2270
4193
4197
4201
4206
4212
1948
1962
1977
1993
2010
0.667
0.670
0.673
0.675
0.677
0.0225
0.0230
0.0235
0.0240
0.0246
0.378
0.355
0.333
0.315
0.297
103
103
103
103
103
1.142
1.159
1.176
1.193
1.210
105
105
105
105
105
2.38
2.22
2.08
1.96
1.85
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.607
0.653
0.670
0.702
0.716
103
103
103
103
103
100
110
120
130
140
101.33
143.27
198.53
270.1
361.3
957.9
950.6
943.4
934.6
921.7
0.5978
0.8263
1.121
1.496
1.965
2257
2230
2203
2174
2145
4217
4229
4244
4263
4286
2029
2071
2120
2177
2244
0.679
0.682
0.683
0.684
0.683
0.0251
0.0262
0.0275
0.0288
0.0301
0.282
0.255
0.232
0.213
0.197
103
103
103
103
103
1.227
1.261
1.296
1.330
1.365
105
105
105
105
105
1.75
1.58
1.44
1.33
1.24
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.02
0.750
0.798
0.858
0.913
0.970
103
103
103
103
103
150
160
170
180
190
475.8
617.8
791.7
1,002.1
1,254.4
916.6
907.4
897.7
887.3
876.4
2.546
3.256
4.119
5.153
6.388
2114
2083
2050
2015
1979
4311
4340
4370
4410
4460
2314
2420
2490
2590
2710
0.682
0.680
0.677
0.673
0.669
0.0316
0.0331
0.0347
0.0364
0.0382
0.183
0.170
0.160
0.150
0.142
103
103
103
103
103
1.399
1.434
1.468
1.502
1.537
105
105
105
105
105
1.16
1.09
1.03
0.983
0.947
1.02
1.05
1.05
1.07
1.09
1.025
1.145
1.178
1.210
1.280
103
103
103
103
103
200
220
240
260
280
1,553.8
2,318
3,344
4,688
6,412
864.3
840.3
813.7
783.7
750.8
7.852
11.60
16.73
23.69
33.15
1941
1859
1767
1663
1544
4500
4610
4760
4970
5280
2840
3110
3520
4070
4835
0.663
0.650
0.632
0.609
0.581
0.0401
0.0442
0.0487
0.0540
0.0605
0.134
0.122
0.111
0.102
0.094
103
103
103
103
103
1.571
1.641
1.712
1.788
1.870
105
105
105
105
105
0.910
0.865
0.836
0.832
0.854
1.11
1.15
1.24
1.35
1.49
1.350
1.520
1.720
2.000
2.380
103
103
103
103
103
1405
1239
1028
720
0
5750
6540
8240
14,690
5980
7900
11,870
25,800
0.548
0.509
0.469
0.427
0.0695
0.0836
0.110
0.178
0.086
0.078
0.070
0.060
0.043
103
103
103
103
103
1.965
2.084
2.255
2.571
4.313
105
105
105
105
105
0.902
1.00
1.23
2.06
1.69
1.97
2.43
3.73
2.950 103
300
320
340
360
374.14
8,581
11,274
14,586
18,651
22,090
713.8
667.1
610.5
528.3
317.0
46.15
64.57
92.62
144.0
317.0
Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones:, n m/r y a k/rcp n/Pr. Las temperaturas
0.01C, 100C y 374.14C son las temperaturas del punto triple, de ebullicin y crtico del agua, respectivamente. Las propiedades citadas anteriormente
(excepto la densidad del vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cerca del valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad kJ/kg C para calor especfico es equivalente kJ/kg K, y la unidad W/m C para conductividad trmica es equivalente a W/m K.
Fuente: Los datos de viscosidad y conductividad trmica estn tomados de J. V. Sengers y J. T. R. Watson, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15
(1986), pp. 1291-1322. Otros datos se obtuvieron de diversas fuentes o se calcularon.
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APNDICE 1
TABLA A-4
Propiedades de refrigerante 134a saturado
Densidad
r, kg/m3
Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, kJ/kg
Calor
especfico
cp, J/kg K
Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K
Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/K superficial,
Vapor
Lquido
N/m
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Viscosidad dinmica
m, kg/m s
Temp.
T, C
Presin de
saturacin
P, kPa
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Vapor
40
35
30
25
20
51.2
66.2
84.4
106.5
132.8
1418
1403
1389
1374
1359
2.773
3.524
4.429
5.509
6.787
225.9
222.7
219.5
216.3
213.0
1254
1264
1273
1283
1294
748.6
764.1
780.2
797.2
814.9
0.1101
0.1084
0.1066
0.1047
0.1028
0.00811
0.00862
0.00913
0.00963
0.01013
4.878
4.509
4.178
3.882
3.614
104
104
104
104
104
2.550
3.003
3.504
4.054
4.651
106
106
106
106
106
5.558
5.257
4.992
4.757
4.548
0.235
0.266
0.299
0.335
0.374
0.00205
0.00209
0.00215
0.00220
0.00227
0.01760
0.01682
0.01604
0.01527
0.01451
15
10
5
0
5
164.0
200.7
243.5
293.0
349.9
1343
1327
1311
1295
1278
8.288
10.04
12.07
14.42
17.12
209.5
206.0
202.4
198.7
194.8
1306
1318
1330
1344
1358
833.5
853.1
873.8
895.6
918.7
0.1009
0.0989
0.0968
0.0947
0.0925
0.01063
0.01112
0.01161
0.01210
0.01259
3.371
3.150
2.947
2.761
2.589
104
104
104
104
104
5.295
5.982
6.709
7.471
8.264
106
106
106
106
106
4.363
4.198
4.051
3.919
3.802
0.415
0.459
0.505
0.553
0.603
0.00233
0.00241
0.00249
0.00258
0.00269
0.01376
0.01302
0.01229
0.01156
0.01084
10
15
20
25
30
414.9
488.7
572.1
665.8
770.6
1261
1244
1226
1207
1188
20.22
23.75
27.77
32.34
37.53
190.8
186.6
182.3
177.8
173.1
1374
1390
1408
1427
1448
943.2
969.4
997.6
1028
1061
0.0903
0.0880
0.0856
0.0833
0.0808
0.01308
0.01357
0.01406
0.01456
0.01507
2.430
2.281
2.142
2.012
1.888
104
104
104
104
104
9.081
9.915
1.075
1.160
1.244
106
106
105
105
105
3.697
3.604
3.521
3.448
3.383
0.655
0.708
0.763
0.819
0.877
0.00280
0.00293
0.00307
0.00324
0.00342
0.01014
0.00944
0.00876
0.00808
0.00742
35
40
45
50
55
887.5
1017.1
1160.5
1318.6
1492.3
1168
1147
1125
1102
1078
43.41
50.08
57.66
66.27
76.11
168.2
163.0
157.6
151.8
145.7
1471
1498
1529
1566
1608
1098
1138
1184
1237
1298
0.0783
0.0757
0.0731
0.0704
0.0676
0.01558
0.01610
0.01664
0.01720
0.01777
1.772
1.660
1.554
1.453
1.355
104
104
104
104
104
1.327
1.408
1.486
1.562
1.634
105
105
105
105
105
3.328
3.285
3.253
3.231
3.223
0.935
0.995
1.058
1.123
1.193
0.00364
0.00390
0.00420
0.00456
0.00500
0.00677
0.00613
0.00550
0.00489
0.00429
60
65
70
75
80
1682.8
1891.0
2118.2
2365.8
2635.2
1053
1026
996.2
964
928.2
87.38
100.4
115.6
133.6
155.3
139.1
132.1
124.4
115.9
106.4
1659
1722
1801
1907
2056
1372
1462
1577
1731
1948
0.0647
0.0618
0.0587
0.0555
0.0521
0.01838
0.01902
0.01972
0.02048
0.02133
1.260
1.167
1.077
9.891
9.011
104
104
104
105
105
1.704
1.771
1.839
1.908
1.982
105
105
105
105
105
3.229
3.255
3.307
3.400
3.558
1.272
1.362
1.471
1.612
1.810
0.00554
0.00624
0.00716
0.00843
0.01031
0.00372
0.00315
0.00261
0.00209
0.00160
85
90
95
100
2928.2
3246.9
3594.1
3975.1
887.1
837.7
772.5
651.7
95.4
82.2
64.9
33.9
2287
2701
3675
7959
2281
2865
4144
8785
0.0484
0.0444
0.0396
0.0322
0.02233
0.02357
0.02544
0.02989
8.124
7.203
6.190
4.765
105
105
105
105
2.071
2.187
2.370
2.833
105
105
105
105
3.837
4.385
5.746
11.77
2.116
2.658
3.862
8.326
0.01336
0.01911
0.03343
0.10047
0.00114
0.00071
0.00033
0.00004
Lquido
Vapor
182.3
217.8
269.3
376.3
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones:, n m/r y a k/rcp n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cercanas al valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad kJ/kg C para calor especfico es equivalente a kJ/kg K, y la unidad W/m C para conductividad trmica es equivalente a W/m K.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: R. Tillner-Roth and H. D. Baehr, An
International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and
Pressures up to 70 MPa, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994; M. J. Assael, N. K. Dalaouti, A. A. Griva, y J. H. Dymond, Viscosity and Thermal
Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants, IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525-535, 1999; NIST REFPROP 6 program (M. O. McLinden, S. A. Klein, E.
W. Lemmon, and A. P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995).
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TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-5
Propiedades del amoniaco saturado
Densidad
r, kg/m3
Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, kJ/kg
Calor
especfico
cp, J/kg K
Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K
Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/K superficial,
Vapor
Lquido
N/m
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Viscosidad dinmica
m, kg/m s
Presin de
saturacin
P, kPa
Lquido
Lquido
Vapor
40
30
25
20
15
71.66
119.4
151.5
190.1
236.2
690.2
677.8
671.5
665.1
658.6
0.6435
1.037
1.296
1.603
1.966
1389
1360
1345
1329
1313
4414
4465
4489
4514
4538
2242
2322
2369
2420
2476
0.5968
0.5853
0.5737
0.01792
0.01898
0.01957
0.02015
0.02075
2.926
2.630
2.492
2.361
2.236
104
104
104
104
104
7.957
8.311
8.490
8.669
8.851
106
106
106
106
106
1.875
1.821
1.769
0.9955
1.017
1.028
1.041
1.056
0.00176
0.00185
0.00190
0.00194
0.00199
0.03565
0.03341
0.03229
0.03118
0.03007
10
5
0
5
10
290.8
354.9
429.6
516
615.3
652.1
645.4
638.6
631.7
624.6
2.391
2.886
3.458
4.116
4.870
1297
1280
1262
1244
1226
4564
4589
4617
4645
4676
2536
2601
2672
2749
2831
0.5621
0.5505
0.5390
0.5274
0.5158
0.02138
0.02203
0.02270
0.02341
0.02415
2.117
2.003
1.896
1.794
1.697
104
104
104
104
104
9.034
9.218
9.405
9.593
9.784
106
106
106
106
106
1.718
1.670
1.624
1.580
1.539
1.072
1.089
1.107
1.126
1.147
0.00205
0.00210
0.00216
0.00223
0.00230
0.02896
0.02786
0.02676
0.02566
0.02457
15
20
25
30
35
728.8
857.8
1003
1167
1351
617.5
610.2
602.8
595.2
587.4
5.729
6.705
7.809
9.055
10.46
1206
1186
1166
1144
1122
4709
4745
4784
4828
4877
2920
3016
3120
3232
3354
0.5042
0.4927
0.4811
0.4695
0.4579
0.02492
0.02573
0.02658
0.02748
0.02843
1.606
1.519
1.438
1.361
1.288
104
104
104
104
104
9.978
1.017
1.037
1.057
1.078
106
105
105
105
105
1.500
1.463
1.430
1.399
1.372
1.169
1.193
1.218
1.244
1.272
0.00237
0.00245
0.00254
0.00264
0.00275
0.02348
0.02240
0.02132
0.02024
0.01917
40
45
50
55
60
1555
1782
2033
2310
2614
579.4
571.3
562.9
554.2
545.2
12.03
13.8
15.78
18.00
20.48
1099
1075
1051
1025
997.4
4932
4993
5063
5143
5234
3486
3631
3790
3967
4163
0.4464
0.4348
0.4232
0.4116
0.4001
0.02943
0.03049
0.03162
0.03283
0.03412
1.219
1.155
1.094
1.037
9.846
104
104
104
104
105
1.099
1.121
1.143
1.166
1.189
105
105
105
105
105
1.347
1.327
1.310
1.297
1.288
1.303
1.335
1.371
1.409
1.452
0.00287
0.00301
0.00316
0.00334
0.00354
0.01810
0.01704
0.01598
0.01493
0.01389
65
70
75
80
85
2948
3312
3709
4141
4609
536.0
526.3
516.2
505.7
494.5
23.26
26.39
29.90
33.87
38.36
968.9
939.0
907.5
874.1
838.6
5340
5463
5608
5780
5988
4384
4634
4923
5260
5659
0.3885
0.3769
0.3653
0.3538
0.3422
0.03550
0.03700
0.03862
0.04038
0.04232
9.347
8.879
8.440
8.030
7.645
105
105
105
105
105
1.213
1.238
1.264
1.292
1.322
105
105
105
105
105
1.285
1.287
1.296
1.312
1.338
1.499
1.551
1.612
1.683
1.768
0.00377
0.00404
0.00436
0.00474
0.00521
0.01285
0.01181
0.01079
0.00977
0.00876
90
95
100
5116
5665
6257
482.8
470.2
456.6
43.48
49.35
56.15
800.6
759.8
715.5
6242
6561
6972
6142
6740
7503
0.3306
0.3190
0.3075
0.04447
0.04687
0.04958
7.284 105
6.946 105
6.628 105
1.354 105
1.389 105
1.429 105
1.375
1.429
1.503
1.871
1.999
2.163
0.00579
0.00652
0.00749
0.00776
0.00677
0.00579
Temp.
T, C
Vapor
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n m/r y a k/rcp n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cerca del valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad kJ/kg C para calor especfico es equivalente a kJ/kg K, y la unidad W/m C para conductividad trmica es equivalente a W/m K.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenberg, y Baehr,
Eine neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak, DKV-Tagungsbericht 20:167181, 1993; Liley y Desai, Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants,
ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.
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APNDICE 1
TABLA A-6
Propiedades del propano saturado
Temp.
T, C
120
110
100
90
80
Densidad
r, kg/m3
Presin de
saturacin
P, kPa
Lquido
0.4053
1.157
2.881
6.406
12.97
Vapor
Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, kJ/kg
Calor
especfico
cp, J/kg K
Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K
Lquido
Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/K superficial,
Vapor
Lquido
N/m
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Viscosidad dinmica
m, kg/m s
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Vapor
664.7
654.5
644.2
633.8
623.2
0.01408
0.03776
0.08872
0.1870
0.3602
498.3
489.3
480.4
471.5
462.4
2003
2021
2044
2070
2100
1115
1148
1183
1221
1263
0.1802
0.1738
0.1672
0.1606
0.1539
0.00589
0.00645
0.00705
0.00769
0.00836
6.136
5.054
4.252
3.635
3.149
104
104
104
104
104
4.372
4.625
4.881
5.143
5.409
Vapor
106
106
106
106
106
Lquido
6.820
5.878
5.195
4.686
4.297
0.827
0.822
0.819
0.817
0.817
0.00153
0.00157
0.00161
0.00166
0.00171
0.02630
0.02486
0.02344
0.02202
0.02062
0.6439
1.081
1.724
2.629
3.864
453.1
443.5
433.6
423.1
412.1
2134
2173
2217
2258
2310
1308
1358
1412
1471
1535
0.1472
0.1407
0.1343
0.1281
0.1221
0.00908
0.00985
0.01067
0.01155
0.01250
2.755
2.430
2.158
1.926
1.726
104
104
104
104
104
5.680
5.956
6.239
6.529
6.827
106
106
106
106
106
3.994
3.755
3.563
3.395
3.266
0.818
0.821
0.825
0.831
0.839
0.00177
0.00184
0.00192
0.00201
0.00213
0.01923
0.01785
0.01649
0.01515
0.01382
70
60
50
40
30
24.26
42.46
70.24
110.7
167.3
612.5
601.5
590.3
578.8
567.0
20
10
0
5
10
243.8
344.4
473.3
549.8
635.1
554.7
542.0
528.7
521.8
514.7
5.503
7.635
10.36
11.99
13.81
400.3
387.8
374.2
367.0
359.5
2368
2433
2507
2547
2590
1605
1682
1768
1814
1864
0.1163
0.1107
0.1054
0.1028
0.1002
0.01351
0.01459
0.01576
0.01637
0.01701
1.551
1.397
1.259
1.195
1.135
104
104
104
104
104
7.136
7.457
7.794
7.970
8.151
106
106
106
106
106
3.158
3.069
2.996
2.964
2.935
0.848
0.860
0.875
0.883
0.893
0.00226
0.00242
0.00262
0.00273
0.00286
0.01251
0.01122
0.00996
0.00934
0.00872
15
20
25
30
35
729.8
834.4
949.7
1076
1215
507.5
500.0
492.2
484.2
475.8
15.85
18.13
20.68
23.53
26.72
351.7
343.4
334.8
325.8
316.2
2637
2688
2742
2802
2869
1917
1974
2036
2104
2179
0.0977
0.0952
0.0928
0.0904
0.0881
0.01767
0.01836
0.01908
0.01982
0.02061
1.077
1.022
9.702
9.197
8.710
104
104
105
105
105
8.339
8.534
8.738
8.952
9.178
106
106
106
106
106
2.909
2.886
2.866
2.850
2.837
0.905
0.918
0.933
0.950
0.971
0.00301
0.00318
0.00337
0.00358
0.00384
0.00811
0.00751
0.00691
0.00633
0.00575
40
45
50
60
70
1366
1530
1708
2110
2580
467.1
458.0
448.5
427.5
403.2
30.29
34.29
38.79
49.66
64.02
306.1
295.3
283.9
258.4
228.0
2943
3026
3122
3283
3595
2264
2361
2473
2769
3241
0.0857
0.0834
0.0811
0.0765
0.0717
0.02142
0.02228
0.02319
0.02517
0.02746
8.240
7.785
7.343
6.487
5.649
105
105
105
105
105
9.417
9.674
9.950
1.058
1.138
106
106
106
105
105
2.828
2.824
2.826
2.784
2.834
0.995
1.025
1.061
1.164
1.343
0.00413
0.00448
0.00491
0.00609
0.00811
0.00518
0.00463
0.00408
0.00303
0.00204
80
90
3127
3769
373.0
329.1
84.28
118.6
189.7
133.2
4501
6977
4173
7239
0.0663
0.0595
0.03029
0.03441
4.790 105
3.807 105
1.249 105
1.448 105
3.251
4.465
1.722
3.047
0.01248
0.02847
0.00114
0.00037
Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n m/r y a k/rcp n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cerca del valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad kJ/kg C para calor especfico es equivalente a kJ/kg K, y la unidad W/m C para conductividad trmica es equivalente a W/m K.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: Reiner Tillner-Roth, Fundamental Equations
of State, Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998; B. A. Younglove y J. F. Ely, Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal
Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987; G.R. Somayajulu, A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple-Point to the CriticalPoint, International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1988.
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TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-7
Propiedades de lquidos
Temp.
T, C
Calor
Conductividad
trmica
Densidad especfico cp,
r, kg/m3
J/kg K
k, W/m K
Difusividad
trmica
a, m2/s
Viscosidad
dinmica
m, kg/m s
Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, m2/s
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Coef. de
expansin
volumtrica.
b, 1/K
Metano (CH4)
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
420.2
405.0
388.8
371.1
351.4
328.8
301.0
261.7
3492
3580
3700
3875
4146
4611
5578
8902
0.1863
0.1703
0.1550
0.1402
0.1258
0.1115
0.0967
0.0797
1.270
1.174
1.077
9.749
8.634
7.356
5.761
3.423
107
107
107
108
108
108
108
108
1.133
9.169
7.551
6.288
5.257
4.377
3.577
2.761
104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
2.699
2.264
1.942
1.694
1.496
1.331
1.188
1.055
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
2.126
1.927
1.803
1.738
1.732
1.810
2.063
3.082
0.00352
0.00391
0.00444
0.00520
0.00637
0.00841
0.01282
0.02922
104
104
104
104
104
104
7.429
6.531
5.795
5.185
4.677
4.250
107
107
107
107
107
107
7.414
6.622
5.980
5.453
5.018
4.655
0.00118
0.00120
0.00123
0.00127
0.00132
0.00137
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
105
105
1.360
8.531
5.942
4.420
3.432
2.743
2.233
1.836
1.509
106
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
12.65
8.167
6.079
4.963
4.304
3.880
3.582
3.363
3.256
0.00142
0.00150
0.00161
0.00177
0.00199
0.00232
0.00286
0.00385
0.00628
8.219
5.287
3.339
1.970
1.201
7.878
5.232
3.464
2.455
103
103
103
103
103
104
104
104
104
84,101
54,327
34,561
20,570
12,671
8,392
5,631
3,767
2,697
4.242
9.429
2.485
8.565
3.794
2.046
1.241
8.029
6.595
103
104
104
105
105
105
105
106
106
46,636
10,863
2,962
1,080
499.3
279.1
176.3
118.1
98.31
Metanol [CH3(OH)]
20
30
40
50
60
70
788.4
779.1
769.6
760.1
750.4
740.4
2515
2577
2644
2718
2798
2885
0.1987
0.1980
0.1972
0.1965
0.1957
0.1950
1.002
9.862
9.690
9.509
9.320
9.128
107
108
108
108
108
108
5.857
5.088
4.460
3.942
3.510
3.146
Isobutano (R600a)
100
75
50
25
0
25
50
75
100
683.8
659.3
634.3
608.2
580.6
550.7
517.3
478.5
429.6
1881
1970
2069
2180
2306
2455
2640
2896
3361
0.1383
0.1357
0.1283
0.1181
0.1068
0.0956
0.0851
0.0757
0.0669
1.075
1.044
9.773
8.906
7.974
7.069
6.233
5.460
4.634
107
107
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
9.305
5.624
3.769
2.688
1.993
1.510
1.155
8.785
6.483
Glicerina
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1276
1273
1270
1267
1264
1261
1258
1255
1252
2262
2288
2320
2354
2386
2416
2447
2478
2513
0.2820
0.2835
0.2846
0.2856
0.2860
0.2860
0.2860
0.2860
0.2863
9.773
9.732
9.662
9.576
9.484
9.388
9.291
9.195
9.101
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
10.49
6.730
4.241
2.496
1.519
0.9934
0.6582
0.4347
0.3073
899.0
888.1
876.0
863.9
852.0
840.0
828.9
816.8
810.3
1797
1881
1964
2048
2132
2220
2308
2395
2441
0.1469
0.1450
0.1444
0.1404
0.1380
0.1367
0.1347
0.1330
0.1327
9.097
8.680
8.391
7.934
7.599
7.330
7.042
6.798
6.708
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
3.814
0.8374
0.2177
0.07399
0.03232
0.01718
0.01029
0.006558
0.005344
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
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893
APNDICE 1
TABLA A-8
Propiedades de metales lquidos
Temp.
T, C
Densidad
r, kg/m3
Calor
Conductividad
trmica
especf. cp,
J/kg K
k, W/m K
Difusividad
trmica
a, m2/s
Viscosidad
dinmica
m, kg/m s
Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, m2/s
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Coef. de
expansin
volumtrica
b, 1/K
13595
13534
13473
13412
13351
13231
13112
12993
12873
140.4
139.4
138.6
137.8
137.1
136.1
135.5
135.3
135.3
8.18200
8.51533
8.83632
9.15632
9.46706
10.07780
10.65465
11.18150
11.68150
4.287
4.514
4.734
4.956
5.170
5.595
5.996
6.363
6.705
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
1.687
1.534
1.423
1.316
1.245
1.126
1.043
9.820
9.336
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
104
104
1.241
1.133
1.056
9.819
9.326
8.514
7.959
7.558
7.252
107
107
107
108
108
108
108
108
108
0.0289
0.0251
0.0223
0.0198
0.0180
0.0152
0.0133
0.0119
0.0108
1.545
1.436
1.215
1.048
9.157
107
107
107
107
108
0.01381
0.01310
0.01154
0.01022
0.00906
2.167
1.976
1.814
1.702
1.589
1.475
1.360
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
0.02252
0.02048
0.01879
0.01771
0.01661
0.01549
0.01434
7.432
5.967
4.418
3.188
2.909
2.614
107
107
107
107
107
107
0.01106
0.008987
0.006751
0.004953
0.004593
0.004202
4.213
3.456
2.652
2.304
2.126
107
107
107
107
107
0.006023
0.004906
0.00374
0.003309
0.003143
9969
9908
9785
9663
9540
146.0
148.2
152.8
157.3
161.8
16.28
16.10
15.74
15.60
15.60
1.118
1.096
1.052
1.026
1.010
105
105
105
105
105
1.540
1.422
1.188
1.013
8.736
103
103
103
103
104
10506
10449
10390
10329
10267
10206
10145
158
156
155
155
155
155
155
15.97
15.74
15.54
15.39
15.23
15.07
14.91
9.623
9.649
9.651
9.610
9.568
9.526
9.483
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
2.277
2.065
1.884
1.758
1.632
1.505
1.379
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
927.3
902.5
877.8
853.0
828.5
804.0
1378
1349
1320
1296
1284
1272
85.84
80.84
75.84
71.20
67.41
63.63
6.718
6.639
6.544
6.437
6.335
6.220
105
105
105
105
105
105
6.892
5.385
3.878
2.720
2.411
2.101
104
104
104
104
104
104
795.2
771.6
748.0
723.9
699.6
790.8
772.8
754.8
750.0
750.0
43.99
42.01
40.03
37.81
35.50
6.995
7.045
7.090
6.964
6.765
105
105
105
105
105
3.350
2.667
1.984
1.668
1.487
104
104
104
104
104
Punto de fusin: sodio-potasio (22 por ciento Na-78 por ciento K): 11C
100
200
300
400
500
600
847.3
823.2
799.1
775.0
751.5
728.0
944.4
922.5
900.6
879.0
880.1
881.2
25.64
26.27
26.89
27.50
27.89
28.28
3.205
3.459
3.736
4.037
4.217
4.408
105
105
105
105
105
105
5.707
4.587
3.467
2.357
2.108
1.859
104
104
104
104
104
104
6.736
5.572
4.339
3.041
2.805
2.553
107
107
107
107
107
107
0.02102
0.01611
0.01161
0.00753
0.00665
0.00579
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.815
1.829
1.854
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
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TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-9
Propiedades del aire a 1 atm de presin
Temp.
T, C
Calor
Conductividad
Densidad especfico cp
trmica
r, kg/m3
J/kg K
k, W/m K
Difusividad
trmica
a, m2/s
Viscosidad
dinmica
m, kg/m s
Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, m2/s
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
150
100
50
40
30
2.866
2.038
1.582
1.514
1.451
983
966
999
1002
1004
0.01171
0.01582
0.01979
0.02057
0.02134
4.158
8.036
1.252
1.356
1.465
106
106
105
105
105
8.636
1.189
1.474
1.527
1.579
106
106
105
105
105
3.013
5.837
9.319
1.008
1.087
106
106
106
105
105
0.7246
0.7263
0.7440
0.7436
0.7425
20
10
0
5
10
1.394
1.341
1.292
1.269
1.246
1005
1006
1006
1006
1006
0.02211
0.02288
0.02364
0.02401
0.02439
1.578
1.696
1.818
1.880
1.944
105
105
105
105
105
1.630
1.680
1.729
1.754
1.778
105
105
105
105
105
1.169
1.252
1.338
1.382
1.426
105
105
105
105
105
0.7408
0.7387
0.7362
0.7350
0.7336
15
20
25
30
35
1.225
1.204
1.184
1.164
1.145
1007
1007
1007
1007
1007
0.02476
0.02514
0.02551
0.02588
0.02625
2.009
2.074
2.141
2.208
2.277
105
105
105
105
105
1.802
1.825
1.849
1.872
1.895
105
105
105
105
105
1.470
1.516
1.562
1.608
1.655
105
105
105
105
105
0.7323
0.7309
0.7296
0.7282
0.7268
40
45
50
60
70
1.127
1.109
1.092
1.059
1.028
1007
1007
1007
1007
1007
0.02662
0.02699
0.02735
0.02808
0.02881
2.346
2.416
2.487
2.632
2.780
105
105
105
105
105
1.918
1.941
1.963
2.008
2.052
105
105
105
105
105
1.702
1.750
1.798
1.896
1.995
105
105
105
105
105
0.7255
0.7241
0.7228
0.7202
0.7177
80
90
100
120
140
0.9994
0.9718
0.9458
0.8977
0.8542
1008
1008
1009
1011
1013
0.02953
0.03024
0.03095
0.03235
0.03374
2.931
3.086
3.243
3.565
3.898
105
105
105
105
105
2.096
2.139
2.181
2.264
2.345
105
105
105
105
105
2.097
2.201
2.306
2.522
2.745
105
105
105
105
105
0.7154
0.7132
0.7111
0.7073
0.7041
160
180
200
250
300
0.8148
0.7788
0.7459
0.6746
0.6158
1016
1019
1023
1033
1044
0.03511
0.03646
0.03779
0.04104
0.04418
4.241
4.593
4.954
5.890
6.871
105
105
105
105
105
2.420
2.504
2.577
2.760
2.934
105
105
105
105
105
2.975
3.212
3.455
4.091
4.765
105
105
105
105
105
0.7014
0.6992
0.6974
0.6946
0.6935
350
400
450
500
600
0.5664
0.5243
0.4880
0.4565
0.4042
1056
1069
1081
1093
1115
0.04721
0.05015
0.05298
0.05572
0.06093
7.892
8.951
1.004
1.117
1.352
105
105
104
104
104
3.101
3.261
3.415
3.563
3.846
105
105
105
105
105
5.475
6.219
6.997
7.806
9.515
105
105
105
105
105
0.6937
0.6948
0.6965
0.6986
0.7037
700
800
900
1000
1500
2000
0.3627
0.3289
0.3008
0.2772
0.1990
0.1553
1135
1153
1169
1184
1234
1264
0.06581
0.07037
0.07465
0.07868
0.09599
0.11113
1.598
1.855
2.122
2.398
3.908
5.664
104
104
104
104
104
104
4.111
4.362
4.600
4.826
5.817
6.630
105
105
105
105
105
105
1.133
1.326
1.529
1.741
2.922
4.270
104
104
104
104
104
104
0.7092
0.7149
0.7206
0.7260
0.7478
0.7539
Nota: Para gases ideales, cp, k, m y Pr son independientes de la presin. Las propiedades r, n y a a una presin P distinta a 1 atm se determinan cuando se
multiplican los valores de r a la temperatura dada por P (en atm) y cuando se dividen n y a entre P (en atm).
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales:: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 198;
and Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian, S. C.
Saxena, y P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.
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APNDICE 1
TABLA A-10
Propiedades de gases a 1 atm de presin
Temp.
T, C
Densidad
r, kg/m3
Calor
especfico cp
J/kg K
Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K
50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
2.4035
1.9635
1.6597
1.4373
1.2675
1.1336
0.9358
0.7968
0.6937
0.4213
0.3025
0.2359
746
811
866.6
914.8
957.4
995.2
1060
1112
1156
1292
1356
1387
0.01051
0.01456
0.01858
0.02257
0.02652
0.03044
0.03814
0.04565
0.05293
0.08491
0.10688
0.11522
50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
1.5297
1.2497
1.0563
0.9148
0.8067
0.7214
0.5956
0.5071
0.4415
0.2681
0.1925
0.1502
1081
1048
1039
1041
1049
1060
1085
1111
1135
1226
1279
1309
0.01901
0.02278
0.02641
0.02992
0.03330
0.03656
0.04277
0.04860
0.05412
0.07894
0.10458
0.13833
Difusividad
trmica
a, m2/s
Viscosidad
dinmica
m, kg/m s
Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, m2/s
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
1.129
1.375
1.612
1.841
2.063
2.276
2.682
3.061
3.416
4.898
6.106
7.322
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
4.699
7.003
9.714
1.281
1.627
2.008
2.866
3.842
4.924
1.162
2.019
3.103
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
0.8019
0.7661
0.7520
0.7464
0.7445
0.7442
0.7450
0.7458
0.7460
0.7455
0.7745
0.8815
1.378
1.629
1.863
2.080
2.283
2.472
2.812
3.111
3.379
4.557
6.321
9.826
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
9.012
1.303
1.764
2.274
2.830
3.426
4.722
6.136
7.653
1.700
3.284
6.543
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
0.7840
0.7499
0.7328
0.7239
0.7191
0.7164
0.7134
0.7111
0.7087
0.7080
0.7733
0.9302
8.564
1.028
1.191
1.345
1.491
1.630
1.886
2.119
2.334
3.281
4.434
6.360
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
9.774
1.436
1.969
2.567
3.227
3.944
5.529
7.297
9.228
2.136
4.022
7.395
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
0.8116
0.7494
0.7282
0.7247
0.7284
0.7344
0.7450
0.7501
0.7502
0.7331
0.7936
1.0386
7.293
8.391
9.427
1.041
1.136
1.228
1.403
1.570
1.730
2.455
3.099
3.690
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
6.624
9.329
1.240
1.582
1.957
2.365
3.274
4.302
5.443
1.272
2.237
3.414
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
0.6562
0.7071
0.7191
0.7196
0.7174
0.7155
0.7149
0.7179
0.7224
0.7345
0.7795
1.1717
Monxido de carbono, CO
1.149
1.739
2.407
3.142
3.936
4.782
6.619
8.628
1.079
2.401
4.246
7.034
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
Metano, CH4
50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
0.8761
0.7158
0.6050
0.5240
0.4620
0.4132
0.3411
0.2904
0.2529
0.1536
0.1103
0.0860
2243
2217
2302
2443
2611
2791
3158
3510
3836
5042
5701
6001
0.02367
0.03042
0.03766
0.04534
0.05344
0.06194
0.07996
0.09918
0.11933
0.22562
0.31857
0.36750
1.204
1.917
2.704
3.543
4.431
5.370
7.422
9.727
1.230
2.914
5.068
7.120
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
Hidrgeno, H2
50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
0.11010
0.08995
0.07603
0.06584
0.05806
0.05193
0.04287
0.03650
0.03178
0.01930
0.01386
0.01081
12635
13920
14349
14473
14492
14482
14481
14540
14653
15577
16553
17400
0.1404
0.1652
0.1881
0.2095
0.2296
0.2486
0.2843
0.3180
0.3509
0.5206
0.6581
0.5480
1.009
1.319
1.724
2.199
2.729
3.306
4.580
5.992
7.535
1.732
2.869
2.914
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
(Contina)
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TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-10
Propiedades de gases a 1 atm de presin (continuacin)
Temp.
T, C
Densidad
r, kg/m3
Calor
especfico cp
J/kg K
Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K
50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
1.5299
1.2498
1.0564
0.9149
0.8068
0.7215
0.5956
0.5072
0.4416
0.2681
0.1925
0.1502
957.3
1035
1042
1041
1043
1050
1070
1095
1120
1213
1266
1297
0.02001
0.02384
0.02746
0.03090
0.03416
0.03727
0.04309
0.04848
0.05358
0.07938
0.11793
0.18590
Difusividad
trmica
a, m2/s
Viscosidad
dinmica
m, kg/m s
Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, m2/s
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Nitrgeno, N2
1.366
1.843
2.494
3.244
4.058
4.921
6.758
8.727
1.083
2.440
4.839
9.543
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
1.390
1.640
1.874
2.094
2.300
2.494
2.849
3.166
3.451
4.594
5.562
6.426
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
9.091
1.312
1.774
2.289
2.851
3.457
4.783
6.242
7.816
1.713
2.889
4.278
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
0.6655
0.7121
0.7114
0.7056
0.7025
0.7025
0.7078
0.7153
0.7215
0.7022
0.5969
0.4483
1.616
1.916
2.194
2.451
2.694
2.923
3.350
3.744
4.114
5.732
7.133
8.417
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
9.246
1.342
1.818
2.346
2.923
3.546
4.923
6.463
8.156
1.871
3.243
4.907
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
0.7694
0.7198
0.7053
0.7019
0.7019
0.7025
0.7030
0.7023
0.7010
0.6986
0.6985
0.6873
7.187
8.956
1.078
1.265
1.456
1.650
2.045
2.446
2.847
4.762
6.411
7.808
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
7.305
1.114
1.587
2.150
2.806
3.556
5.340
7.498
1.002
2.761
5.177
8.084
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
1.0047
1.0033
0.9944
0.9830
0.9712
0.9599
0.9401
0.9240
0.9108
0.8639
0.8233
0.7833
Oxgeno, O2
50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000
1.7475
1.4277
1.2068
1.0451
0.9216
0.8242
0.6804
0.5793
0.5044
0.3063
0.2199
0.1716
984.4
928.7
921.7
931.8
947.6
964.7
997.1
1025
1048
1121
1165
1201
0.02067
0.02472
0.02867
0.03254
0.03637
0.04014
0.04751
0.05463
0.06148
0.09198
0.11901
0.14705
1.201
1.865
2.577
3.342
4.164
5.048
7.003
9.204
1.163
2.678
4.643
7.139
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
0.9839
0.8038
0.6794
0.5884
0.5189
0.4640
0.3831
0.3262
0.2840
0.1725
0.1238
0.0966
1892
1874
1874
1887
1908
1935
1997
2066
2137
2471
2736
2928
0.01353
0.01673
0.02032
0.02429
0.02861
0.03326
0.04345
0.05467
0.06677
0.13623
0.21301
0.29183
7.271
1.110
1.596
2.187
2.890
3.705
5.680
8.114
1.100
3.196
6.288
1.032
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
103
Nota: Para gases ideales, las propiedades cp, k, m y Pr son independientes de la presin. Las propiedades r, n, y a a una presin P distinta a 1 atm se determinan
cuando se multiplican los valores de r a la temperatura dada por P (en atm) y cuando se dividen n y a entre P (en atm).
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.
cen72367_appx1.qxd
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1:38 PM
Page 897
897
APNDICE 1
TABLA A-11
Propiedades de la atmsfera a gran altitud
Altitud,
m
Temperatura,
C
Presin,
kPa
Gravedad
g, m/s2
Velocidad
del sonido,
m/s
Densidad,
kg/m3
Viscosidad
m, kg/m s
Conductividad
trmica,
W/m K
0
200
400
600
800
15.00
13.70
12.40
11.10
9.80
101.33
98.95
96.61
94.32
92.08
9.807
9.806
9.805
9.805
9.804
340.3
339.5
338.8
338.0
337.2
1.225
1.202
1.179
1.156
1.134
1.789
1.783
1.777
1.771
1.764
105
105
105
105
105
0.0253
0.0252
0.0252
0.0251
0.0250
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
8.50
7.20
5.90
4.60
3.30
89.88
87.72
85.60
83.53
81.49
9.804
9.803
9.802
9.802
9.801
336.4
335.7
334.9
334.1
333.3
1.112
1.090
1.069
1.048
1.027
1.758
1.752
1.745
1.739
1.732
105
105
105
105
105
0.0249
0.0248
0.0247
0.0245
0.0244
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
2.00
0.70
0.59
1.89
3.19
79.50
77.55
75.63
73.76
71.92
9.800
9.800
9.799
9.799
9.798
332.5
331.7
331.0
330.2
329.4
1.007
0.987
0.967
0.947
0.928
1.726
1.720
1.713
1.707
1.700
105
105
105
105
105
0.0243
0.0242
0.0241
0.0240
0.0239
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
4.49
5.79
7.09
8.39
9.69
70.12
68.36
66.63
64.94
63.28
9.797
9.797
9.796
9.796
9.795
328.6
327.8
327.0
326.2
325.4
0.909
0.891
0.872
0.854
0.837
1.694
1.687
1.681
1.674
1.668
105
105
105
105
105
0.0238
0.0237
0.0236
0.0235
0.0234
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
10.98
12.3
13.6
14.9
16.2
61.66
60.07
58.52
57.00
55.51
9.794
9.794
9.793
9.793
9.792
324.6
323.8
323.0
322.2
321.4
0.819
0.802
0.785
0.769
0.752
1.661
1.655
1.648
1.642
1.635
105
105
105
105
105
0.0233
0.0232
0.0231
0.0230
0.0229
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
17.5
18.8
20.1
21.4
22.7
54.05
52.62
51.23
49.86
48.52
9.791
9.791
9.790
9.789
9.785
320.5
319.7
318.9
318.1
317.3
0.736
0.721
0.705
0.690
0.675
1.628
1.622
1.615
1.608
1.602
105
105
105
105
105
0.0228
0.0227
0.0226
0.0224
0.0223
6000
6200
6400
6600
6800
24.0
25.3
26.6
27.9
29.2
47.22
45.94
44.69
43.47
42.27
9.788
9.788
9.787
9.786
9.785
316.5
315.6
314.8
314.0
313.1
0.660
0.646
0.631
0.617
0.604
1.595
1.588
1.582
1.575
1.568
105
105
105
105
105
0.0222
0.0221
0.0220
0.0219
0.0218
7000
8000
9000
30.5
36.9
43.4
41.11
35.65
30.80
9.785
9.782
9.779
312.3
308.1
303.8
0.590
0.526
0.467
1.561 105
1.527 105
1.493 105
0.0217
0.0212
0.0206
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
49.9
56.5
56.5
56.5
56.5
26.50
19.40
14.17
10.53
7.57
9.776
9.770
9.764
9.758
9.751
299.5
295.1
295.1
295.1
295.1
0.414
0.312
0.228
0.166
0.122
1.458
1.422
1.422
1.422
1.422
105
105
105
105
105
0.0201
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Con base en condiciones medias todo el ao a 45 de latitud y que
varan con la poca del ao y los patrones del clima. Se considera que las condiciones a nivel del mar (z 0) son P 101.325 kPa, T 15C, r 1.2250
kg/m3, g 9.80665 m2/s.
0
Vidrio, plstico
Concreto
0.0030.03
Duela de madera
0.0016
Hule, alisado
0.000033
Tubera de cobre o latn
0.000005
Hierro fundido
0.00085
Hierro galvanizado
0.0005
Hierro pudelado
0.00015
Acero inoxidable
0.000007
Acero comercial
0.00015
l
3
103 2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 104
Tuberas lisas
e/D = 0
e/D = 0.000001
e/D = 0.000005
0.00001
0.00005
0.0001
0.0002
0.001
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.002
0.004
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.015
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.04
Nmero de Reynolds, Re
0
0.99
0.5
0.01
0.0015
0.26
0.15
0.046
0.002
0.045
mm
Rugosidad,
El diagrama de Moody para el factor friccin para flujo totalmente desarrollado en tuberas circulares para usar en la relacin de prdida de carga
L V2
1
e/D
2.51
hL f
. Los factores de friccin en el flujo turbulento se evalan a partir de la ecuacin de Colebrook
2 log10 a
b.
D 2g
3.7
1f
Re 1f
FIGURA A-12
0.008
0.009
0.01
e
Material
ft
Flujo
Flujo
transicional turbulento
64/R
0.015
0.02
Flujo
ar, f =
lamin
0.025
Flujo
laminar
1:38 PM
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.1
0.09
2/23/06
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Page 898
898
TABLAS Y GRFICAS
cen72367_appx1.qxd
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1:38 PM
Page 899
899
APNDICE 1
k1
B 2 (k 1)Ma2
0.5(k1)(k1)
A
1
2
k1
ca
b a1
Ma2bd
A* Ma k 1
2
k(k1)
P
k1
a1
Ma2b
P0
2
1(k1)
r
k1
a1
Ma2b
r0
2
1
T
k1
a1
Ma2b
T0
2
TABLA A-13
Ma* Ma
Ma*
A/A*
P/P0
r/r0
T/T0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
5.0
0
0.1094
0.2182
0.3257
0.4313
0.5345
0.6348
0.7318
0.8251
0.9146
1.0000
1.1583
1.2999
1.4254
1.5360
1.6330
1.7179
1.7922
1.8571
1.9140
1.9640
2.2361
2.2495
5.8218
2.9635
2.0351
1.5901
1.3398
1.1882
1.0944
1.0382
1.0089
1.0000
1.0304
1.1149
1.2502
1.4390
1.6875
2.0050
2.4031
2.8960
3.5001
4.2346
25.000
1.0000
0.9930
0.9725
0.9395
0.8956
0.8430
0.7840
0.7209
0.6560
0.5913
0.5283
0.4124
0.3142
0.2353
0.1740
0.1278
0.0935
0.0684
0.0501
0.0368
0.0272
0.0019
0
1.0000
0.9950
0.9803
0.9564
0.9243
0.8852
0.8405
0.7916
0.7400
0.6870
0.6339
0.5311
0.4374
0.3557
0.2868
0.2300
0.1841
0.1472
0.1179
0.0946
0.0760
0.0113
0
1.0000
0.9980
0.9921
0.9823
0.9690
0.9524
0.9328
0.9107
0.8865
0.8606
0.8333
0.7764
0.7184
0.6614
0.6068
0.5556
0.5081
0.4647
0.4252
0.3894
0.3571
0.1667
0
3.0
A/A*
2.5
2.0
Ma*
1.5
1.0
T/T0
0.5
r/r*
P/P0
0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Ma
2.0
2.5
3.0
cen72367_appx1.qxd
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1:38 PM
Page 900
900
TABLAS Y GRFICAS
T01 T02
TABLA A-14
(k 1)Ma21 2
Ma2
B 2kMa21 k 1
P 2 1 kMa21 2kMa21 k 1
P 1 1 kMa22
k1
r 2 P 2P 1
(k 1)Ma21
V1
r1
T2T1
2 (k 1)Ma21 V2
T2 2 Ma21(k 1)
T1 2 Ma22(k 1)
P 02 Ma1 1 Ma22(k 1)2 (k 1)/[2(k 1)]
c
d
P 01 Ma2 1 Ma21(k 1)2
P 02 (1 kMa21)[1 Ma22(k 1)2]k(k1)
P1
1 kMa22
Ma1
Ma2
P2/P1
r2/r1
T2/T1
P02/P01
P02/P1
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
4.0
5.0
1.0000
0.9118
0.8422
0.7860
0.7397
0.7011
0.6684
0.6405
0.6165
0.5956
0.5774
0.5613
0.5471
0.5344
0.5231
0.5130
0.5039
0.4956
0.4882
0.4814
0.4752
0.4350
0.4152
0.3780
1.0000
1.2450
1.5133
1.8050
2.1200
2.4583
2.8200
3.2050
3.6133
4.0450
4.5000
4.9783
5.4800
6.0050
6.5533
7.1250
7.7200
8.3383
8.9800
9.6450
10.3333
18.5000
29.000
1.0000
1.1691
1.3416
1.5157
1.6897
1.8621
2.0317
2.1977
2.3592
2.5157
2.6667
2.8119
2.9512
3.0845
3.2119
3.3333
3.4490
3.5590
3.6636
3.7629
3.8571
4.5714
5.0000
6.0000
1.0000
1.0649
1.1280
1.1909
1.2547
1.3202
1.3880
1.4583
1.5316
1.6079
1.6875
1.7705
1.8569
1.9468
2.0403
2.1375
2.2383
2.3429
2.4512
2.5632
2.6790
4.0469
5.8000
1.0000
0.9989
0.9928
0.9794
0.9582
0.9298
0.8952
0.8557
0.8127
0.7674
0.7209
0.6742
0.6281
0.5833
0.5401
0.4990
0.4601
0.4236
0.3895
0.3577
0.3283
0.1388
0.0617
0
1.8929
2.1328
2.4075
2.7136
3.0492
3.4133
3.8050
4.2238
4.6695
5.1418
5.6404
6.1654
6.7165
7.2937
7.8969
8.5261
9.1813
9.8624
10.5694
11.3022
12.0610
21.0681
32.6335
5.0
P02/P1
P2/P1
4.0
r2/r1
3.0
T2/T1
2.0
1.0
Ma2
P02/P01
0
1.0
1.5
2.0
Ma1
2.5
3.0
cen72367_appx1.qxd
2/23/06
1:38 PM
Page 901
901
APNDICE 1
T0
(k 1)Ma2[2 (k 1)Ma2]
T 0*
(1 kMa2)2
TABLA A-15
P0
2 (k 1)Ma2 k(k1)
k1
a
b
2
P*0 1 kMa
k1
Ma
T0/T 0*
P0/P 0*
T/T*
P/P*
V/V*
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
0.0000
0.0468
0.1736
0.3469
0.5290
0.6914
0.8189
0.9085
0.9639
0.9921
1.0000
0.9787
0.9343
0.8842
0.8363
0.7934
0.7561
0.7242
0.6970
0.6738
0.6540
1.2679
1.2591
1.2346
1.1985
1.1566
1.1141
1.0753
1.0431
1.0193
1.0049
1.0000
1.0194
1.0777
1.1756
1.3159
1.5031
1.7434
2.0451
2.4177
2.8731
3.4245
0.0000
0.0560
0.2066
0.4089
0.6151
0.7901
0.9167
0.9929
1.0255
1.0245
1.0000
0.9118
0.8054
0.7017
0.6089
0.5289
0.4611
0.4038
0.3556
0.3149
0.2803
2.4000
2.3669
2.2727
2.1314
1.9608
1.7778
1.5957
1.4235
1.2658
1.1246
1.0000
0.7958
0.6410
0.5236
0.4335
0.3636
0.3086
0.2648
0.2294
0.2004
0.1765
0.0000
0.0237
0.0909
0.1918
0.3137
0.4444
0.5745
0.6975
0.8101
0.9110
1.0000
1.1459
1.2564
1.3403
1.4046
1.4545
1.4938
1.5252
1.5505
1.5711
1.5882
Ma(1 k) 2
T
b
a
T*
1 kMa2
1k
P
P* 1 kMa2
r* (1 k)Ma2
V
r
V*
1 kMa2
3.5
P0/P0*
3.0
2.5
2.0
V/V*
1.5
1.0
T0/T 0*
0.5
T/T*
P/P*
0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Ma
2.0
2.5
3.0
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Page 902
902
TABLAS Y GRFICAS
T0 T *0
TABLA A-16
r0
P0
1 2 (k 1)Ma2 (k1)/2(k 1)
a
b
P*
r*
Ma
k1
0
0
k1
T
T* 2 (k 1)Ma2
1/2
1
k1
P
a
b
P* Ma 2 (k 1)Ma2
1/2
r*
k1
V
Ma a
b
2
r
V*
2 (k 1)Ma
fL* 1 Ma2 k 1
(k 1)Ma2
ln
2
D
2k
kMa
2 (k 1)Ma2
Ma
P0/P 0*
T/T*
P/P*
V/V*
fL*/D
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
5.8218
2.9635
2.0351
1.5901
1.3398
1.1882
1.0944
1.0382
1.0089
1.0000
1.0304
1.1149
1.2502
1.4390
1.6875
2.0050
2.4031
2.8960
3.5001
4.2346
1.2000
1.1976
1.1905
1.1788
1.1628
1.1429
1.1194
1.0929
1.0638
1.0327
1.0000
0.9317
0.8621
0.7937
0.7282
0.6667
0.6098
0.5576
0.5102
0.4673
0.4286
10.9435
5.4554
3.6191
2.6958
2.1381
1.7634
1.4935
1.2893
1.1291
1.0000
0.8044
0.6632
0.5568
0.4741
0.4082
0.3549
0.3111
0.2747
0.2441
0.2182
0.0000
0.1094
0.2182
0.3257
0.4313
0.5345
0.6348
0.7318
0.8251
0.9146
1.0000
1.1583
1.2999
1.4254
1.5360
1.6330
1.7179
1.7922
1.8571
1.9140
1.9640
66.9216
14.5333
5.2993
2.3085
1.0691
0.4908
0.2081
0.0723
0.0145
0.0000
0.0336
0.0997
0.1724
0.2419
0.3050
0.3609
0.4099
0.4526
0.4898
0.5222
3.0
P0/P 0*
2.5
2.0
V/V*
1.5
1.0
T/T*
0.5
fL*/D
P/P*
0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Ma
2.0
2.5
3.0
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Page 903
APNDICE
TA B L A S Y G R F I C A S
DE PROPIEDADES
(UNIDADES INGLESAS)*
TABLA A-1I
*La mayora de las propiedades en las tablas se obtuvieron a partir de la base de datos de
propiedades del EES, y las fuentes originales se mencionan debajo de las tablas. Con frecuencia,
las propiedades se citan a ms cifras significativas que la precisin proclamada con el propsito
de minimizar el error de redondeo acumulado en los clculos a mano y para asegurar una
correspondencia cercana con los resultados obtenidos con el EES.
903
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TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-1I
Masa molar, constante de gas y calores especficos de gas ideal de algunas sustancias
Constante de gas R*
Sustancia
Aire
Amoniaco, NH3
Argn, Ar
Bromo, Br2
n-Butano, C4H10
Cloro, Cl2
Clorodifluorometano (R-22), CHClF2
Dixido de azufre, SO2
Dixido de carbono, CO2
Dixido de nitrgeno, NO2
Etano, C2H6
Etileno, C2H4
Flor, F2
Helio, He
n-Heptano, C7H16
n-Hexano, C6H14
Hidrgeno, H2
Isobutano, C4H10
Kriptn, Kr
Metano, CH4
Monxido de carbono, CO
Nen, Ne
Nitrgeno, N2
xido ntrico, NO
Oxgeno, O2
n-Pentano, C5H12
Propano, C3H8
Propileno, C3H6
Tetraclorometano, CCl4
Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a), C2H2F4
Trifluoroetano (R-143a), C2H3F3
Vapor de agua, H2O
Xenn, Xe
Masa molar,
M, lbm/lbmol
Btu/
lbm R
psia ft3/
lbm R
cp,
Btu/lbm R
cv ,
Btu/lbm R
k cp /cv
28.97
17.03
39.95
159.81
58.12
70.905
86.47
64.06
44.01
46.006
30.070
28.054
38.00
4.003
100.20
86.18
2.016
58.12
83.80
16.04
28.01
20.183
28.01
30.006
32.00
72.15
44.097
42.08
153.82
102.03
84.04
18.015
131.30
0.06855
0.1166
0.04970
0.01242
0.03415
0.02802
0.02297
0.03100
0.04512
0.04512
0.06604
0.07079
0.05224
0.4961
0.01982
0.02304
0.9850
0.03415
0.02370
0.1238
0.07089
0.09838
0.07089
0.06618
0.06205
0.02752
0.04502
0.04720
0.01291
0.01946
0.02363
0.1102
0.01512
0.3704
0.6301
0.2686
0.06714
0.1846
0.1514
0.1241
0.1675
0.2438
0.2438
0.3569
0.3826
0.2823
2.681
0.1071
0.1245
5.323
0.1846
0.1281
0.6688
0.3831
0.5316
0.3831
0.3577
0.3353
0.1487
0.2433
0.2550
0.06976
0.1052
0.1277
0.5957
0.08173
0.2400
0.4999
0.1243
0.0538
0.4046
0.1142
0.1552
0.1488
0.2016
0.1925
0.4166
0.3647
0.1967
1.2403
0.3939
0.3951
3.416
0.3972
0.05923
0.5317
0.2482
0.2460
0.2484
0.2387
0.2193
0.3974
0.3986
0.3657
0.1293
0.1991
0.2219
0.4455
0.03781
0.1715
0.3834
0.07457
0.04137
0.3705
0.08618
0.1322
0.1178
0.1564
0.1474
0.3506
0.2940
0.1445
0.7442
0.3740
0.3721
2.431
0.3631
0.03554
0.4080
0.1772
0.1476
0.1774
0.1725
0.1572
0.3700
0.3535
0.3184
0.1164
0.1796
0.1983
0.3351
0.02269
1.400
1.304
1.667
1.300
1.092
1.325
1.174
1.263
1.288
1.306
1.188
1.241
1.362
1.667
1.053
1.062
1.405
1.094
1.667
1.303
1.400
1.667
1.400
1.384
1.395
1.074
1.127
1.148
1.111
1.108
1.119
1.329
1.667
*La constante de gas se calcula a partir de R Ru /M, donde Ru 1.9859 Btu/lbmol R 10.732 psia ft3/lbmol R es la constante universal de gas y M es
la masa molar.
Fuente: Los valores de calores especficos se obtienen principalmente a partir de los procedimientos para propiedades preparados por The National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD.
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Page 905
905
APNDICE 2
TABLA A-2I
Propiedades de puntos de ebullicin y de congelacin
Datos de ebullicin a 1 atm
Sustancia
Punto de
ebullicin
normal, F
Datos de congelacin
Calor latente de
Punto de Calor latente
vaporizacin
congelacin de fusin
hfg, Btu/lbm
F
hif, Btu/lbm
Aceite (ligero)
Agua
212
970.5
Alcohol etlico
Amoniaco
173.5
27.9
32
143.5
368
24.54
248.8
107.9
46.4
138.6
Argn
Benceno
n-Butano
Dixido de carbono
Etanol
Etilenglicol
Glicerina
Helio
Hidrgeno
Isobutano
Mercurio
Metano
302.6
176.4
31.1
109.2*
172.8
388.6
355.8
452.1
423.0
10.9
674.1
258.7
69.5
169.4
165.6
99.6 (at 32F)
360.5
344.0
419
9.80
191.7
157.8
126.7
219.6
308.7
41.9
217.3
69.8
173.6
12.6
66.0
434.5
255.5
38.0
296.0
12.0
54.2
34.5
46.9
77.9
86.3
25.6
45.5
4.90
25.1
Metanol
Nitrgeno
148.1
320.4
473
85.4
143.9
346.0
42.7
10.9
Octano
Oxgeno
Petrleo
Propano
256.6
297.3
43.7
131.7
91.5
99165
184.0
71.5
361.8
77.9
5.9
305.8
34.4
Queroseno
Refrigerante-134a
399559
15.0
108
93.2
12.8
141.9
0.7
Propiedades de lquido
Temperatura, F
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R
77
32
90
150
212
68
27.9
0
40
80
302.6
68
31.1
32
77
68
68
452.1
423.0
10.9
77
258.7
160
77
320.4
260
68
297.3
68
43.7
32
100
68
40
15
32
90
56.8
62.4
62.1
61.2
59.8
49.3
42.6
41.3
39.5
37.5
87.0
54.9
37.5
57.8
48.9
69.2
78.7
9.13
4.41
37.1
847
26.4
20.0
49.1
50.5
38.2
43.9
71.2
40.0
36.3
33.0
29.4
51.2
88.5
86.0
80.9
73.6
0.430
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.01
0.678
1.06
1.083
1.103
1.135
0.272
0.411
0.552
0.583
0.588
0.678
0.554
5.45
2.39
0.545
0.033
0.834
1.074
0.609
0.492
0.643
0.502
0.408
0.478
0.538
0.604
0.673
0.478
0.283
0.294
0.318
0.348
68
71.8
0.743
*Temperatura de sublimacin (a presiones por abajo de la presin del punto triple de 75.1 psia, el dixido de carbono existe en fase slida o como gas. Adems,
la temperatura del punto de congelacin del dixido de carbono es la temperatura del punto triple de 69.8F).
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906
TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-3I
Propiedades del agua saturada
Temp.
T, F
32.02
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
212
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
320
340
360
380
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
705.44
Presin de
saturacin
Psat, psia
Lquido
Vapor
Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, Btu/lbm
0.0887
0.1217
0.1780
0.2563
0.3632
0.5073
0.6988
0.9503
1.2763
1.6945
2.225
2.892
3.722
4.745
5.996
7.515
9.343
11.53
14.125
14.698
17.19
20.78
24.97
29.82
35.42
41.85
49.18
57.53
66.98
89.60
117.93
152.92
195.60
241.1
422.1
680.0
1046.7
1541
2210
3090
3204
62.41
62.42
62.41
62.36
62.30
62.22
62.12
62.00
61.86
61.71
61.55
61.38
61.19
60.99
60.79
60.57
60.35
60.12
59.87
59.82
59.62
59.36
59.09
58.82
58.53
58.24
57.94
57.63
57.31
56.65
55.95
55.22
54.46
53.65
51.46
48.95
45.96
42.32
37.31
27.28
19.79
0.00030
0.00034
0.00059
0.00083
0.00115
0.00158
0.00214
0.00286
0.00377
0.00493
0.00636
0.00814
0.0103
0.0129
0.0161
0.0199
0.0244
0.0297
0.0359
0.0373
0.0432
0.0516
0.0612
0.0723
0.0850
0.0993
0.1156
0.3390
0.1545
0.2033
0.2637
0.3377
0.4275
0.5359
0.9082
1.479
4.268
3.736
6.152
13.44
19.79
1075
1071
1065
1060
1054
1048
1043
1037
1031
1026
1020
1014
1008
1002
996
990
984
978
972
970
965
959
952
946
939
932
925
918
910
895
880
863
845
827
775
715
641
550
422
168
0
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Calor
especfico
cp, Btu/lbm R
Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R
Viscosidad dinmica
m, lbm/ft s
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Vapor
1.010
1.004
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.001
1.002
1.004
1.005
1.007
1.007
1.009
1.011
1.013
1.015
1.018
1.020
1.023
1.026
1.029
1.036
1.044
1.054
1.065
1.078
1.121
1.188
1.298
1.509
2.086
13.80
0.446
0.447
0.448
0.449
0.450
0.451
0.453
0.454
0.456
0.458
0.460
0.463
0.465
0.468
0.472
0.475
0.479
0.483
0.487
0.488
0.492
0.497
0.503
0.509
0.516
0.523
0.530
0.538
0.547
0.567
0.590
0.617
0.647
0.683
0.799
0.972
1.247
1.759
3.103
25.90
0.324
0.329
0.335
0.341
0.347
0.352
0.358
0.363
0.367
0.371
0.375
0.378
0.381
0.384
0.386
0.388
0.390
0.391
0.392
0.392
0.393
0.394
0.394
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.394
0.393
0.391
0.389
0.385
0.382
0.370
0.352
0.329
0.299
0.267
0.254
0.0099
0.0100
0.0102
0.0104
0.0106
0.0108
0.0110
0.0112
0.0115
0.0117
0.0120
0.0122
0.0125
0.0128
0.0131
0.0134
0.0137
0.0141
0.0144
0.0145
0.0148
0.0152
0.0156
0.0160
0.0164
0.0168
0.0172
0.0177
0.0182
0.0191
0.0202
0.0213
0.0224
0.0237
0.0271
0.0312
0.0368
0.0461
0.0677
0.1964
1.204 103
1.038 103
8.781 104
7.536 104
6.556 104
5.764 104
5.117 104
4.578 104
4.128 104
3.744 104
3.417 104
3.136 104
2.889 104
2.675 104
2.483 104
2.317 104
2.169 104
2.036 104
1.917 104
1.894 104
1.808 104
1.711 104
1.625 104
1.544 104
1.472 104
1.406 104
1.344 104
1.289 104
1.236 104
1.144 104
1.063 104
9.972 105
9.361 105
8.833 105
7.722 105
6.833 105
6.083 105
5.389 105
4.639 105
3.417 105
2.897 105
6.194 106
6.278 106
6.361 106
6.444 106
6.556 106
6.667 106
6.778 106
6.889 106
7.000 106
7.111 106
7.222 106
7.333 106
7.472 106
7.583 106
7.722 106
7.833 106
7.972 106
8.083 106
8.222 106
8.250 106
8.333 106
8.472 106
8.611 106
8.611 106
8.861 106
9.000 106
9.111 106
9.250 106
9.389 106
9.639 106
9.889 106
1.013 105
1.041 105
1.066 105
1.130 105
1.200 105
1.280 105
1.380 105
1.542 105
2.044 105
2.897 105
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Lquido
13.5
11.4
9.44
7.95
6.79
5.89
5.14
4.54
4.05
3.63
3.28
2.98
2.73
2.51
2.90
2.15
2.01
1.88
1.77
1.75
1.67
1.58
1.50
1.43
1.37
1.31
1.25
1.21
1.16
1.09
1.02
0.973
0.932
0.893
0.842
0.830
0.864
0.979
1.30
6.68
Vapor
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.11
1.20
1.35
1.56
1.90
2.54
9.71
Coeficiente
de expansin
volumtrica
b, 1/R
Lquido
0.038
0.003
0.047
0.080
0.115
0.145
0.174
0.200
0.224
0.246
0.267
0.287
0.306
0.325
0.346
0.367
0.382
0.395
0.412
0.417
0.429
0.443
0.462
0.480
0.497
0.514
0.532
0.549
0.566
0.636
0.656
0.681
0.720
0.771
0.912
1.111
1.445
1.885
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n m/r y a k/rcp n/Pr. Las temperaturas
32.02F, 212F y 705.44F son las temperaturas del punto triple, de ebullicin y crtico del agua, respectivamente. Las propiedades citadas anteriormente
(excepto la densidad del vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cerca del valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad Btu/lbm F para calor especfico es equivalente a Btu/lbm R, y la unidad Btu/h ft F para conductividad trmica es equivalente a Btu/h
ft R.
Fuente: Los datos de viscosidad y conductividad trmica estn tomados de J. V. Sengers y J. T. R. Watson, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15
(1986), pp. 1291-1322. Otros datos se obtuvieron de diversas fuentes o se calcularon.
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APNDICE 2
TABLA A-4I
Propiedades del refrigerante-134a saturado
Presin de
Temp. saturacin
T, F
P, psia
Lquido
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
7.4
9.9
12.9
16.6
21.2
26.6
33.1
40.8
49.8
60.2
72.2
85.9
101.4
119.1
138.9
161.2
186.0
213.5
244.1
277.8
314.9
355.8
400.7
449.9
504.0
563.8
88.51
87.5
86.48
85.44
84.38
83.31
82.2
81.08
79.92
78.73
77.51
76.25
74.94
73.59
72.17
70.69
69.13
67.48
65.72
63.83
61.76
59.47
56.85
53.75
49.75
43.19
Calor
especfico
cp, Btu/lbm R
Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R
Vapor
Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, Btu/lbm
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Vapor
0.1731
0.2258
0.2905
0.3691
0.4635
0.5761
0.7094
0.866
1.049
1.262
1.509
1.794
2.122
2.5
2.935
3.435
4.012
4.679
5.455
6.367
7.45
8.762
10.4
12.53
15.57
21.18
97.1
95.6
94.1
92.5
90.9
89.3
87.5
85.8
83.9
82.0
80.0
78.0
75.8
73.5
71.1
68.5
65.8
62.9
59.8
56.4
52.7
48.5
43.7
38.0
30.7
18.9
0.2996
0.3021
0.3046
0.3074
0.3103
0.3134
0.3167
0.3203
0.3240
0.3281
0.3325
0.3372
0.3424
0.3481
0.3548
0.3627
0.3719
0.3829
0.3963
0.4131
0.4352
0.4659
0.5123
0.5929
0.7717
1.4786
0.1788
0.1829
0.1872
0.1918
0.1966
0.2017
0.2070
0.2127
0.2188
0.2253
0.2323
0.2398
0.2481
0.2572
0.2674
0.2790
0.2925
0.3083
0.3276
0.3520
0.3839
0.4286
0.4960
0.6112
0.8544
1.6683
0.0636
0.0626
0.0613
0.0602
0.0589
0.0576
0.0563
0.0550
0.0536
0.0522
0.0507
0.0492
0.0476
0.0460
0.0444
0.0427
0.0410
0.0392
0.0374
0.0355
0.0335
0.0314
0.0292
0.0267
0.0239
0.0199
0.00466
0.00497
0.00529
0.00559
0.00589
0.00619
0.00648
0.00676
0.00704
0.00732
0.00758
0.00785
0.00810
0.00835
0.00860
0.00884
0.00908
0.00931
0.00954
0.00976
0.00998
0.01020
0.01041
0.01063
0.01085
0.01110
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Lquido
3.278
3.004
2.762
2.546
2.354
2.181
2.024
1.883
1.752
1.633
1.522
1.420
1.324
1.234
1.149
1.068
9.911
9.175
8.464
7.778
7.108
6.450
5.792
5.119
4.397
3.483
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
Vapor
1.714
2.053
2.433
2.856
3.314
3.811
4.342
4.906
5.494
6.103
6.725
7.356
7.986
8.611
9.222
9.814
1.038
1.092
1.144
1.195
1.245
1.298
1.356
1.431
1.544
1.787
Lquido
Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/R
superf.,
Vapor
Lquido
lbf/ft
5.558
5.226
4.937
4.684
4.463
4.269
4.098
3.947
3.814
3.697
3.594
3.504
3.425
3.357
3.303
3.262
3.235
3.223
3.229
3.259
3.324
3.443
3.661
4.090
5.119
9.311
0.237
0.272
0.310
0.352
0.398
0.447
0.500
0.555
0.614
0.677
0.742
0.810
0.880
0.955
1.032
1.115
1.204
1.303
1.416
1.551
1.725
1.963
2.327
2.964
4.376
9.669
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Viscosidad dinmica
m, lbm/ft s
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
0.00114
0.00117
0.00120
0.00124
0.00128
0.00132
0.00137
0.00142
0.00149
0.00156
0.00163
0.00173
0.00183
0.00195
0.00210
0.00227
0.00248
0.00275
0.00308
0.00351
0.00411
0.00498
0.00637
0.00891
0.01490
0.04021
0.001206
0.001146
0.001087
0.001029
0.000972
0.000915
0.000859
0.000803
0.000749
0.000695
0.000642
0.000590
0.000538
0.000488
0.000439
0.000391
0.000344
0.000299
0.000255
0.000212
0.000171
0.000132
0.000095
0.000061
0.000031
0.000006
Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n m/r y a k/rcp n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cercanas al valor de punto
crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad Btu/lbm F para calor especfico es equivalente a Btu/lbm R, y la unidad Btu/h ft F para conductividad trmica es equivalente a
Btu/h ft R.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: R. Tillner-Roth and H. D. Baehr, An
International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and
Pressures up to 70 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994; M. J. Assael, N. K. Dalaouti, A. A. Griva, y J. H. Dymond, Viscosity and Thermal
Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants, IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525-535, 1999; NIST REFPROP 6 program (M. O. McLinden, S. A. Klein, E.
W. Lemmon, y A. P. Peskin, Physicial and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995).
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TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-5I
Propiedades del amoniaco saturado
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Presin de
Temp. saturacin
T, F
P, psia
Lquido
Vapor
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
0.0402
0.0527
0.0681
0.0869
0.1097
0.1370
0.1694
0.2075
0.2521
0.3040
0.3641
0.4332
0.5124
0.6029
0.7060
0.8233
0.9564
1.1074
1.2786
1.4730
1.6940
1.9460
2.2346
2.5670
2.9527
3.4053
3.9440
4.5987
5.4197
10.4
13.9
18.3
23.7
30.4
38.5
48.2
59.8
73.4
89.2
107.7
128.9
153.2
180.8
212.0
247.2
286.5
330.4
379.2
433.2
492.7
558.2
630.1
708.6
794.4
887.9
989.5
1099.8
1219.4
43.08
42.66
42.33
41.79
41.34
40.89
40.43
39.96
39.48
38.99
38.50
37.99
37.47
36.94
36.40
35.83
35.26
34.66
34.04
33.39
32.72
32.01
31.26
30.47
29.62
28.70
27.69
25.57
25.28
Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, Btu/lbm
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Vapor
Lquido
Coeficiente
de expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/R
superficial,
Vapor
Lquido
lbf/ft
597.0
590.2
583.2
575.9
568.4
560.7
552.6
544.4
535.8
526.9
517.7
508.1
498.2
487.8
477.0
465.8
454.1
441.7
428.8
415.2
400.8
385.4
369.1
351.6
332.7
312.0
289.2
263.5
234.0
1.0542
1.0610
1.0677
1.0742
1.0807
1.0873
1.0941
1.1012
1.1087
1.1168
1.1256
1.1353
1.1461
1.1582
1.1719
1.1875
1.2054
1.2261
1.2502
1.2785
1.3120
1.3523
1.4015
1.4624
1.5397
1.6411
1.7798
1.9824
2.3100
0.5354
0.5457
0.5571
0.5698
0.5838
0.5992
0.6160
0.6344
0.6544
0.6762
0.6999
0.7257
0.7539
0.7846
0.8183
0.8554
0.8965
0.9425
0.9943
1.0533
1.1214
1.2012
1.2965
1.4128
1.5586
1.7473
2.0022
2.3659
2.9264
0.3501
0.3426
0.3352
0.3278
0.3203
0.3129
0.3055
0.2980
0.2906
0.2832
0.2757
0.2683
0.2609
0.2535
0.2460
0.2386
0.2312
0.2237
0.2163
0.2089
0.2014
0.1940
0.1866
0.1791
0.1717
0.1643
0.1568
0.01026
0.01057
0.01089
0.01121
0.01154
0.01187
0.01220
0.01254
0.01288
0.01323
0.01358
0.01394
0.01431
0.01468
0.01505
0.01543
0.01582
0.01621
0.01661
0.01702
0.01744
0.01786
0.01829
0.01874
0.01919
0.01966
0.02015
0.02065
0.02119
1.966 104
1.853 104
1.746 104
1.645 104
1.549 104
1.458 104
1.371 104
1290 104
1.213 104
1.140 104
1.072 104
1.008 104
9.486 105
8.922 105
8.397 105
7.903 105
7.444 105
7.017 105
6.617 105
6.244 105
5.900 105
5.578 105
5.278 105
5.000 105
4.742 105
4.500 105
4.275 105
4.064 105
3.864 105
5.342 106
5.472 106
5.600 106
5.731 106
5.861 106
5.994 106
6.125 106
6.256 106
6.389 106
6.522 106
6.656 106
6.786 106
6.922 106
7.056 106
7.189 106
7.325 106
7.458 106
7.594 106
7.731 106
7.867 106
8.006 106
8.142 106
8.281 106
8.419 106
8.561 106
8.703 106
8.844 106
8.989 106
9.136 106
1.917
1.856
1.797
1.740
1.686
1.634
1.585
1.539
1.495
1.456
1.419
1.387
1.358
1.333
1.313
1.298
1.288
1.285
1.288
1.300
1.322
1.357
1.409
1.484
1.595
1.765
2.049
1.003
1.017
1.031
1.048
1.068
1.089
1.113
1.140
1.168
1.200
1.234
1.272
1.313
1.358
1.407
1.461
1.522
1.589
1.666
1.753
1.853
1.971
2.113
2.286
2.503
2.784
3.164
3.707
4.542
Calor
especfico
cp, Btu/lbm R
Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R
Viscosidad dinmica
m, lbm/ft s
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
0.00098
0.00101
0.00103
0.00106
0.00109
0.00112
0.00116
0.00119
0.00123
0.00128
0.00132
0.00137
0.00143
0.00149
0.00156
0.00164
0.00174
0.00184
0.00196
0.00211
0.00228
0.00249
0.00274
0.00306
0.00348
0.00403
0.00480
0.00594
0.00784
0.002443
0.002357
0.002272
0.002187
0.002103
0.002018
0.001934
0.001850
0.001767
0.001684
0.001601
0.001518
0.001436
0.001354
0.001273
0.001192
0.001111
0.001031
0.000951
0.000872
0.000794
0.000716
0.000638
0.000562
0.000486
0.000411
0.000338
0.000265
0.000194
Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n m/r y a k/rcp n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cercanas al valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad Btu/lbm F para calor especfico es equivalente a Btu/lbm R, y la unidad Btu/h ft F para conductividad trmica es equivalente a
Btu/h ft R.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenterg y Baehr, Eine
neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak, DKV-Tagungsbericht 20: 167-181, 1993; Liley y Desai, Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants, ASHRAE,
1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.
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APNDICE 2
TABLA A-6I
Propiedades del propano saturado
Temp.
T, F
200
180
160
140
120
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
Presin de
saturacin
P, psia
0.0201
0.0752
0.2307
0.6037
1.389
2.878
4.006
5.467
7.327
9.657
12.54
16.05
20.29
25.34
31.3
38.28
46.38
55.7
66.35
78.45
92.12
107.5
124.6
143.7
164.8
188.1
241.8
306.1
382.4
472.9
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Lquido
42.06
41.36
40.65
39.93
39.20
38.46
38.08
37.70
37.32
36.93
36.54
36.13
35.73
35.31
34.89
34.46
34.02
33.56
33.10
32.62
32.13
31.63
31.11
30.56
30.00
29.41
28.13
26.69
24.98
22.79
Vapor
0.0003
0.0011
0.0032
0.0078
0.0170
0.0334
0.0453
0.0605
0.0793
0.1024
0.1305
0.1641
0.2041
0.2512
0.3063
0.3703
0.4441
0.5289
0.6259
0.7365
0.8621
1.0046
1.1659
1.3484
1.5549
1.7887
2.3562
3.1003
4.1145
5.6265
Calor
Entalpa
especfico
de
cp, Btu/lbm R
vaporizacin
hfg, Btu/lbm Lquido
Vapor
217.7
213.4
209.1
204.8
200.5
196.1
193.9
191.6
189.3
186.9
184.4
181.9
179.3
176.6
173.8
170.9
167.9
164.8
161.6
158.1
154.6
150.8
146.8
142.7
138.2
133.6
123.2
111.1
96.4
77.1
0.4750
0.4793
0.4845
0.4907
0.4982
0.5069
0.5117
0.5169
0.5224
0.5283
0.5345
0.5392
0.5460
0.5531
0.5607
0.5689
0.5775
0.5867
0.5966
0.6072
0.6187
0.6311
0.6447
0.6596
0.6762
0.6947
0.7403
0.7841
0.8696
1.1436
0.2595
0.2680
0.2769
0.2866
0.2971
0.3087
0.3150
0.3215
0.3284
0.3357
0.3433
0.3513
0.3596
0.3684
0.3776
0.3874
0.3976
0.4084
0.4199
0.4321
0.4452
0.4593
0.4746
0.4915
0.5103
0.5315
0.5844
0.6613
0.7911
1.0813
Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R
Lquido
Vapor
0.1073
0.1033
0.0992
0.0949
0.0906
0.0863
0.0842
0.0821
0.0800
0.0780
0.0760
0.0740
0.0721
0.0702
0.0683
0.0665
0.0647
0.0629
0.0612
0.0595
0.0579
0.0563
0.0547
0.0532
0.0517
0.0501
0.0472
0.0442
0.0411
0.0376
0.00313
0.00347
0.00384
0.00423
0.00465
0.00511
0.00534
0.00559
0.00585
0.00611
0.00639
0.00668
0.00697
0.00728
0.00761
0.00794
0.00829
0.00865
0.00903
0.00942
0.00983
0.01025
0.01070
0.01116
0.01165
0.01217
0.01328
0.01454
0.01603
0.01793
Lquido
5.012
3.941
3.199
2.660
2.252
1.934
1.799
1.678
1.569
1.469
1.378
1.294
1.217
1.146
1.079
1.018
9.606
9.067
8.561
8.081
7.631
7.200
6.794
6.406
6.033
5.675
5.000
4.358
3.733
3.083
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
Vapor
2.789
2.975
3.164
3.358
3.556
3.756
3.858
3.961
4.067
4.172
4.278
4.386
4.497
4.611
4.725
4.842
4.961
5.086
5.211
5.342
5.478
5.617
5.764
5.919
6.081
6.256
6.644
7.111
7.719
8.617
Lquido
Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/R
superficial,
Vapor
Lquido
lbf/ft
7.991
6.582
5.626
4.951
4.457
4.087
3.936
3.803
3.686
3.582
3.490
3.395
3.320
3.253
3.192
3.137
3.088
3.043
3.003
2.967
2.935
2.906
2.881
2.860
2.843
2.831
2.825
2.784
2.845
3.380
0.833
0.826
0.821
0.818
0.817
0.817
0.819
0.820
0.822
0.825
0.828
0.831
0.835
0.840
0.845
0.850
0.857
0.864
0.873
0.882
0.893
0.906
0.921
0.938
0.959
0.984
1.052
1.164
1.371
1.870
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Viscosidad dinmica
m, lbm/ft s
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
0.00083
0.00086
0.00088
0.00091
0.00094
0.00097
0.00099
0.00101
0.00104
0.00106
0.00109
0.00112
0.00115
0.00119
0.00123
0.00127
0.00132
0.00138
0.00144
0.00151
0.00159
0.00168
0.00179
0.00191
0.00205
0.00222
0.00267
0.00338
0.00459
0.00791
0.001890
0.001780
0.001671
0.001563
0.001455
0.001349
0.001297
0.001244
0.001192
0.001140
0.001089
0.001038
0.000987
0.000937
0.000887
0.000838
0.000789
0.000740
0.000692
0.000644
0.000597
0.000551
0.000505
0.000460
0.000416
0.000372
0.000288
0.000208
0.000133
0.000065
Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n m/r y a k/rcp n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cerca del valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad Btu/lbm F para calor especfico es equivalente a Btu/lbm R y la unidad Btu/h ft F para conductividad trmica es equivalente a
Btu/h ft R.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: Reiner Tillner-Roth, Fundamental Equations
of State, Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998; B. A. Younglove y J. F. Ely, Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal
Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987; G. R. Somayajulu, A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple-Point to the CriticalPoint, International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1988.
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910
TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-7I
Propiedades de lquidos
Temp.
T, F
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R
Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R
Difusividad
trmica
a, ft2/s
Viscosidad
dinmica
m, lbm/ft s
Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, ft2/s
Coeficiente
Nmero de de expansin
Prandtl volumtrica b,
Pr
1/R
Metano (CH4)
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
27.41
26.43
25.39
24.27
23.04
21.64
19.99
17.84
0.8152
0.8301
0.8523
0.8838
0.9314
1.010
1.158
1.542
0.1205
0.1097
0.0994
0.0896
0.0801
0.0709
0.0616
0.0518
1.497
1.389
1.276
1.159
1.036
9.008
7.397
5.234
106
106
106
106
106
107
107
107
1.057
8.014
6.303
5.075
4.142
3.394
2.758
2.168
104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
3.857
3.032
2.482
2.091
1.798
1.568
1.379
1.215
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
2.575
2.183
1.945
1.803
1.734
1.741
1.865
2.322
0.00175
0.00192
0.00215
0.00247
0.00295
0.00374
0.00526
0.00943
104
104
104
104
104
104
7.879
6.840
6.005
5.326
4.769
4.308
106
106
106
106
106
106
7.317
6.468
5.793
5.250
4.808
4.447
0.000656
0.000671
0.000691
0.000716
0.000749
0.000789
104
104
104
104
104
105
105
105
1.500
8.939
6.043
4.406
3.368
2.653
2.127
1.713
105
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
12.96
7.977
5.830
4.738
4.114
3.716
3.437
3.264
0.000785
0.000836
0.000908
0.001012
0.001169
0.001421
0.001883
0.002970
Metanol [CH3(OH)]
70
90
110
130
150
170
49.15
48.50
47.85
47.18
46.50
45.80
0.6024
0.6189
0.6373
0.6576
0.6796
0.7035
0.1148
0.1143
0.1138
0.1133
0.1128
0.1124
1.076
1.057
1.036
1.014
9.918
9.687
106
106
106
106
107
107
3.872
3.317
2.872
2.513
2.218
1.973
Isobutano (R600a)
150
100
50
0
50
100
150
200
42.75
41.06
39.31
37.48
35.52
33.35
30.84
27.73
0.4483
0.4721
0.4986
0.5289
0.5643
0.6075
0.6656
0.7635
0.0799
0.0782
0.0731
0.0664
0.0591
0.0521
0.0457
0.0400
1.157
1.120
1.036
9.299
8.187
7.139
6.188
5.249
106
106
106
107
107
107
107
107
6.417
3.669
2.376
1.651
1.196
8.847
6.558
4.750
Glicerina
32
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
79.65
79.49
79.28
79.07
78.86
78.66
78.45
78.24
0.5402
0.5458
0.5541
0.5632
0.5715
0.5794
0.5878
0.5964
0.163
0.1637
0.1645
0.1651
0.1652
0.1652
0.1652
0.1653
1.052
1.048
1.040
1.029
1.018
1.007
9.955
9.841
106
106
106
106
106
106
107
107
7.047
4.803
2.850
1.547
0.9422
0.5497
0.3756
0.2277
0.08847
0.06042
0.03594
0.01956
0.01195
0.00699
0.004787
0.00291
84101
57655
34561
18995
11730
6941
4809
2957
56.12
55.79
55.3
54.77
54.24
53.73
52.68
51.71
50.63
0.4291
0.4395
0.4531
0.4669
0.4809
0.4946
0.5231
0.5523
0.5818
0.0849
0.08338
0.08378
0.08367
0.08207
0.08046
0.07936
0.07776
0.07673
9.792
9.448
9.288
9.089
8.740
8.411
7.999
7.563
7.236
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
2.563
1.210
0.4286
0.1630
7.617
3.833
1.405
6.744
3.661
102
102
102
103
103
4.566
2.169
7.751
2.977
1.404
7.135
2.668
1.304
7.232
102 46636
102 22963
103
8345
103
3275
103
1607
104
848.3
104
333.6
104
172.5
105
99.94
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
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APNDICE 2
TABLA A-8I
Propiedades de metales lquidos
Temp.
T, F
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R
Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R
Difusividad
trmica
a, ft2/s
Viscosidad
dinmica
m, lbm/ft s
Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, ft2/s
Coeficiente de
Nmero de
expansin
Prandtl
volumtrica b,
Pr
1/R
848.7
847.2
842.9
838.7
834.5
826.2
817.9
809.6
801.3
0.03353
0.03344
0.03319
0.03298
0.03279
0.03252
0.03236
0.03230
0.03235
4.727
4.805
5.015
5.221
5.422
5.815
6.184
6.518
6.839
4.614
4.712
4.980
5.244
5.504
6.013
6.491
6.924
7.329
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
1.133
1.092
9.919
9.122
8.492
7.583
6.972
6.525
6.186
103
103
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
1.335
1.289
1.176
1.087
1.017
9.180
8.524
8.061
7.719
106
106
106
106
106
107
107
107
107
0.02895
0.02737
0.02363
0.02074
0.01849
0.01527
0.01313
0.01164
0.01053
1.614
1.482
1.350
1.215
1.138
106
106
106
106
106
0.01352
0.01271
0.01183
0.0109
0.01029
2.450
2.223
1.994
1.862
1.727
1.590
106
106
106
106
106
106
0.02369
0.02143
0.01917
0.01798
0.01676
0.01551
7.239
6.350
5.433
4.488
3.354
3.014
106
106
106
106
106
106
0.01007
0.008891
0.007667
0.006387
0.004860
0.004449
4.933
4.500
4.052
3.589
2.614
2.409
106
106
106
106
106
106
0.006577
0.005975
0.005359
0.004728
0.003420
0.003248
620.7
616.5
612.2
608.0
603.7
0.03509
0.03569
0.0363
0.0369
0.0375
9.361
9.245
9.129
9.014
9.014
1.193
1.167
1.141
1.116
1.105
104
104
104
104
104
1.001
9.142
8.267
7.392
6.872
103
104
104
104
104
658
654
650
645.7
641.5
637.2
0.03797
0.03750
0.03702
0.03702
0.03702
0.03702
9.302
9.157
9.013
8.912
8.810
8.709
1.034
1.037
1.040
1.035
1.030
1.025
104
104
104
104
104
104
1.612
1.453
1.296
1.202
1.108
1.013
103
103
103
103
103
103
57.13
56.28
55.42
54.56
52.85
51.14
0.3258
0.3219
0.3181
0.3143
0.3089
0.3057
48.19
46.58
44.98
43.37
40.55
38.12
7.192
7.142
7.087
7.026
6.901
6.773
104
104
104
104
104
104
4.136
3.572
3.011
2.448
1.772
1.541
104
104
104
104
104
104
50.40
49.58
48.76
47.94
46.31
44.62
0.1911
0.1887
0.1863
0.1839
0.1791
0.1791
26.00
25.37
24.73
24.09
22.82
21.34
7.500
7.532
7.562
7.591
7.643
7.417
104
104
104
104
104
104
2.486
2.231
1.976
1.721
1.210
1.075
104
104
104
104
104
104
Punto de fusin sodio-potasio (22 por ciento Na78 por ciento K): 12F
200
300
400
600
800
1000
52.99
52.16
51.32
49.65
47.99
46.36
0.2259
0.2230
0.2201
0.2143
0.2100
0.2103
14.79
14.99
15.19
15.59
15.95
16.20
3.432
3.580
3.735
4.070
4.396
4.615
104
104
104
104
104
104
3.886
3.467
3.050
2.213
1.539
1.353
104
104
104
104
104
104
7.331
6.647
5.940
4.456
3.207
2.919
106
106
106
106
106
106
0.02136
0.01857
0.0159
0.01095
0.007296
0.006324
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.008
1.018
1.035
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
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TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-9I
Propiedades del aire a 1 atm de presin
Temp.
T, F
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R
Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R
300
200
100
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
0.24844
0.15276
0.11029
0.09683
0.08630
0.08446
0.08270
0.08101
0.07939
0.07783
0.07633
0.07489
0.07350
0.07217
0.07088
0.06963
0.06843
0.06727
0.06615
0.06507
0.06402
0.06300
0.06201
0.06106
0.06013
0.05590
0.05222
0.04899
0.04614
0.04361
0.04134
0.03743
0.03421
0.03149
0.02917
0.02718
0.02024
0.01613
0.01340
0.01147
0.01002
0.00889
0.5072
0.2247
0.2360
0.2389
0.2401
0.2402
0.2403
0.2403
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2405
0.2405
0.2405
0.2405
0.2406
0.2406
0.2406
0.2407
0.2408
0.2408
0.2409
0.2415
0.2423
0.2433
0.2445
0.2458
0.2472
0.2503
0.2535
0.2568
0.2599
0.2630
0.2761
0.2855
0.2922
0.2972
0.3010
0.3040
0.00508
0.00778
0.01037
0.01164
0.01288
0.01312
0.01336
0.01361
0.01385
0.01409
0.01433
0.01457
0.01481
0.01505
0.01529
0.01552
0.01576
0.01599
0.01623
0.01646
0.01669
0.01692
0.01715
0.01738
0.01761
0.01874
0.01985
0.02094
0.02200
0.02305
0.02408
0.02608
0.02800
0.02986
0.03164
0.03336
0.04106
0.04752
0.05309
0.05811
0.06293
0.06789
Difusividad
trmica
a, ft2/s
1.119
6.294
1.106
1.397
1.726
1.797
1.868
1.942
2.016
2.092
2.169
2.248
2.328
2.409
2.491
2.575
2.660
2.746
2.833
2.921
3.010
3.100
3.191
3.284
3.377
3.857
4.358
4.879
5.419
5.974
6.546
7.732
8.970
1.025
1.158
1.296
2.041
2.867
3.765
4.737
5.797
6.975
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
Viscosidad
dinmica
m, lbm/ft s
4.039
6.772
9.042
1.006
1.102
1.121
1.140
1.158
1.176
1.194
1.212
1.230
1.247
1.265
1.281
1.299
1.316
1.332
1.349
1.365
1.382
1.398
1.414
1.430
1.446
1.524
1.599
1.672
1.743
1.812
1.878
2.007
2.129
2.247
2.359
2.467
2.957
3.379
3.750
4.082
4.381
4.651
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, ft2/s
1.625
4.433
8.197
1.039
1.278
1.328
1.379
1.430
1.482
1.535
1.588
1.643
1.697
1.753
1.809
1.866
1.923
1.981
2.040
2.099
2.159
2.220
2.281
2.343
2.406
2.727
3.063
3.413
3.777
4.154
4.544
5.361
6.225
7.134
8.087
9.080
1.460
2.095
2.798
3.560
4.373
5.229
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
103
103
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
1.4501
0.7042
0.7404
0.7439
0.7403
0.7391
0.7378
0.7365
0.7350
0.7336
0.7321
0.7306
0.7290
0.7275
0.7260
0.7245
0.7230
0.7216
0.7202
0.7188
0.7174
0.7161
0.7148
0.7136
0.7124
0.7071
0.7028
0.6995
0.6971
0.6953
0.6942
0.6934
0.6940
0.6956
0.6978
0.7004
0.7158
0.7308
0.7432
0.7516
0.7543
0.7497
Nota: Para gases ideales, cp, k, m y Pr son independientes de la presin. Las propiedades r, n y a a una presin P distinta a 1 atm se determinan cuando se
multiplican los valores de r a la temperatura dada por P (en atm) y cuando se dividen n y a entre P (en atm).
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 198;
and Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian, S. C.
Saxena, y P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.
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APNDICE 2
TABLA A-10I
Propiedades de gases a 1 atm de presin
Temp.
T, F
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R
Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R
Difusividad
trmica
a, ft2/s
Viscosidad
dinmica
m, lbm/ft s
Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, ft2/s
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
0.14712
0.13111
0.11825
0.10769
0.09136
0.07934
0.06280
0.04129
0.03075
0.02450
0.1797
0.1885
0.1965
0.2039
0.2171
0.2284
0.2473
0.2796
0.2995
0.3124
0.00628
0.00758
0.00888
0.01017
0.01273
0.01528
0.02027
0.03213
0.04281
0.05193
6.600
8.522
1.061
1.286
1.784
2.341
3.626
7.733
1.290
1.885
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
7.739
8.661
9.564
1.045
1.217
1.382
1.696
2.381
2.956
3.451
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
5.261
6.606
8.086
9.703
1.332
1.743
2.700
5.767
9.610
1.408
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
103
0.7970
0.7751
0.7621
0.7543
0.7469
0.7445
0.7446
0.7458
0.7445
0.7474
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
9.419
1.036
1.127
1.214
1.379
1.531
1.802
2.334
2.766
3.231
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
1.005
1.242
1.498
1.772
2.372
3.032
4.508
8.881
1.413
2.072
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
0.7798
0.7593
0.7454
0.7359
0.7247
0.7191
0.7143
0.7078
0.7038
0.7136
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
5.861
6.506
7.133
7.742
8.906
1.000
1.200
1.620
1.974
2.327
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
1.092
1.361
1.655
1.972
2.674
3.457
5.244
1.076
1.760
2.605
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
0.8033
0.7649
0.7428
0.7311
0.7245
0.7283
0.7412
0.7491
0.7366
0.7353
4.969
5.381
5.781
6.167
6.911
7.622
8.967
1.201
1.477
1.734
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
7.373
8.960
1.067
1.250
1.652
2.098
3.117
6.354
1.048
1.544
104
104
103
103
103
103
103
103
102
102
0.6638
0.6960
0.7112
0.7177
0.7197
0.7174
0.7146
0.7241
0.7323
0.7362
Monxido de carbono, CO
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.09363
0.08345
0.07526
0.06854
0.05815
0.05049
0.03997
0.02628
0.01957
0.01559
0.2571
0.2523
0.2496
0.2484
0.2485
0.2505
0.2567
0.2732
0.2862
0.2958
0.01118
0.01240
0.01359
0.01476
0.01702
0.01920
0.02331
0.03243
0.04049
0.04822
1.290
1.636
2.009
2.408
3.273
4.217
6.311
1.254
2.008
2.903
Metano, CH4
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.05363
0.04779
0.04311
0.03925
0.03330
0.02892
0.02289
0.01505
0.01121
0.00893
0.5335
0.5277
0.5320
0.5433
0.5784
0.6226
0.7194
0.9438
1.1162
1.2419
0.01401
0.01616
0.01839
0.02071
0.02559
0.03077
0.04195
0.07346
0.10766
0.14151
1.360
1.780
2.228
2.698
3.690
4.748
7.075
1.436
2.390
3.544
Hidrgeno, H2
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.00674
0.00601
0.00542
0.00493
0.00419
0.00363
0.00288
0.00189
0.00141
0.00112
3.0603
3.2508
3.3553
3.4118
3.4549
3.4613
3.4572
3.5127
3.6317
3.7656
0.08246
0.09049
0.09818
0.10555
0.11946
0.13241
0.15620
0.20989
0.26381
0.31923
1.110
1.287
1.500
1.742
2.295
2.924
4.363
8.776
1.432
2.098
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
102
102
(contina)
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1:43 PM
Page 914
914
TABLAS Y GRFICAS
TABLA A-10I
Propiedades de gases a 1 atm de presin (continuacin)
Temp.
T, F
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R
Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R
Difusividad
trmica
a, ft2/s
Viscosidad
dinmica
m, lbm/ft s
Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, ft2/s
Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Nitrgeno, N2
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.09364
0.08346
0.07527
0.06854
0.05815
0.05050
0.03997
0.02628
0.01958
0.01560
0.2320
0.2441
0.2480
0.2489
0.2487
0.2492
0.2535
0.2697
0.2831
0.2927
0.01176
0.01300
0.01420
0.01537
0.01760
0.01970
0.02359
0.03204
0.04002
0.04918
1.504
1.773
2.113
2.502
3.379
4.349
6.466
1.255
2.006
2.992
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
9.500
1.043
1.134
1.221
1.388
1.543
1.823
2.387
2.829
3.212
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
1.014
1.251
1.507
1.783
2.387
3.055
4.559
9.083
1.445
2.059
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
0.6746
0.7056
0.7133
0.7126
0.7062
0.7025
0.7051
0.7232
0.7202
0.6882
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
1.104
1.218
1.326
1.429
1.625
1.806
2.139
2.855
3.474
4.035
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
1.032
1.277
1.543
1.826
2.446
3.132
4.685
9.509
1.553
2.265
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
0.7622
0.7312
0.7152
0.7072
0.7020
0.7018
0.7029
0.7005
0.6985
0.6988
4.933
5.592
6.261
6.942
8.333
9.756
1.267
2.014
2.742
3.422
106
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
8.192
1.041
1.293
1.574
2.228
3.004
4.931
1.191
2.178
3.411
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
1.0050
1.0049
1.0018
0.9969
0.9845
0.9713
0.9475
0.9063
0.8793
0.8563
Oxgeno, O2
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000
0.10697
0.09533
0.08598
0.07830
0.06643
0.05768
0.04566
0.03002
0.02236
0.01782
0.2331
0.2245
0.2209
0.2200
0.2221
0.2262
0.2352
0.2520
0.2626
0.2701
0.01216
0.01346
0.01475
0.01601
0.01851
0.02096
0.02577
0.03698
0.04701
0.05614
1.355
1.747
2.157
2.582
3.484
4.463
6.665
1.357
2.224
3.241
0.06022
0.05367
0.04841
0.04408
0.03740
0.03248
0.02571
0.01690
0.01259
0.01003
0.4512
0.4484
0.4472
0.4473
0.4503
0.4557
0.4707
0.5167
0.5625
0.6034
0.00797
0.00898
0.01006
0.01121
0.01372
0.01648
0.02267
0.04134
0.06315
0.08681
8.153
1.036
1.291
1.579
2.263
3.093
5.204
1.314
2.477
3.984
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
Note: Para gases ideales, las propiedades cp, k, m y Pr son independientes de la presin. Las propiedades r, n y a a una presin P distinta a 1 atm se determinan
cuando se multiplican los valores de r a la temperatura dada por P (en atm) y cuando se dividen n y a entre P (en atm).
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.
cen72367_appx2.qxd
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1:43 PM
Page 915
915
APNDICE 2
TABLA A-11I
Propiedades de la atmsfera a gran altitud
Altitud,
ft
Temperatura,
F
Presin,
psia
Gravedad,
g, ft/s2
Velocidad
del sonido,
ft/s
Densidad,
lbm/ft3
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
18,000
19,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000
59.00
57.22
55.43
53.65
51.87
50.09
48.30
46.52
44.74
42.96
41.17
39.39
37.61
35.83
34.05
32.26
30.48
28.70
26.92
25.14
23.36
19.79
16.23
12.67
9.12
5.55
1.99
1.58
5.14
8.70
12.2
19.4
26.5
33.6
40.7
47.8
54.9
62.0
69.2
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
14.7
14.4
14.2
13.9
13.7
13.4
13.2
12.9
12.7
12.5
12.2
12.0
11.8
11.6
11.3
11.1
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.3
10.1
9.72
9.34
8.99
8.63
8.29
7.97
7.65
7.34
7.05
6.76
6.21
5.70
5.22
4.78
4.37
3.99
3.63
3.30
3.05
2.73
2.148
1.691
1.332
1.048
32.174
32.173
32.171
32.169
32.168
32.166
32.165
32.163
32.162
32.160
32.159
32.157
32.156
32.154
32.152
32.151
32.149
32.148
32.146
32.145
32.145
32.140
32.137
32.134
32.131
32.128
32.125
32.122
32.119
32.115
32.112
32.106
32.100
32.094
32.088
32.082
32.08
32.07
32.06
32.06
32.05
32.04
32.02
32.00
31.99
1116
1115
1113
1111
1109
1107
1105
1103
1101
1099
1097
1095
1093
1091
1089
1087
1085
1083
1081
1079
1077
1073
1069
1065
1061
1057
1053
1049
1045
1041
1037
1029
1020
1012
1003
995
987
978
969
968
968
968
968
968
968
0.07647
0.07536
0.07426
0.07317
0.07210
0.07104
0.06998
0.06985
0.06792
0.06690
0.06590
0.06491
0.06393
0.06296
0.06200
0.06105
0.06012
0.05919
0.05828
0.05738
0.05648
0.05473
0.05302
0.05135
0.04973
0.04814
0.04659
0.04508
0.04361
0.04217
0.04077
0.03808
0.03553
0.03311
0.03082
0.02866
0.02661
0.02468
0.02285
0.02079
0.01890
0.01487
0.01171
0.00922
0.00726
Viscosidad
m, lbm/ft s
1.202
1.199
1.196
1.193
1.190
1.186
1.183
1.180
1.177
1.173
1.170
1.167
1.164
1.160
1.157
1.154
1.150
1.147
1.144
1.140
1.137
1.130
1.124
1.117
1.110
1.104
1.097
1.090
1.083
1.076
1.070
1.056
1.042
1.028
1.014
1.000
0.986
0.971
0.956
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
Conductividad
trmica,
Btu/h ft R
0.0146
0.0146
0.0146
0.0145
0.0145
0.0144
0.0144
0.0143
0.0143
0.0142
0.0142
0.0141
0.0141
0.0141
0.0140
0.0140
0.0139
0.0139
0.0138
0.0138
0.0137
0.0136
0.0136
0.0135
0.0134
0.0133
0.0132
0.0132
0.0130
0.0129
0.0128
0.0126
0.0124
0.0122
0.0121
0.0119
0.0117
0.0115
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Con base en condiciones medias todo el ao a 45 de latitud y que
varan con la poca del ao y los patrones del clima. Se considera que las condiciones a nivel del mar (z 0) son P 14.696 psia, T 59F, r 0.076474
lbm/ft3, g 32.1741 ft2/s.
Factores de conversin
MAGNITUD
SISTEMA MTRICO
Aceleracin
rea
Densidad
1 kJ 0.94782 Btu
1 Btu 1.055056 kJ
5.40395 psia ft3 778.169 lbf ft
1 Btu/lbm 25,037 ft2/s2 2.326* kJ/kg
1 kWh 3412.14 Btu
Fuerza
1 N 0.22481 lbf
1 lbf 32.174 lbm ft/s2 4.44822 N
1 lbf 1 slug ft/s2
Longitud
1
1
1
1
Masa
1 kg 1000 g
1 tonelada 1000 kg
1
1
1
1
1
kg 2.2046226 lbm
lbm 0.45359237* kg
onza 28.3495 g
slug 32.174 lbm 14.5939 kg
tonelada corta 2000 lbm 907.1847 kg
Potencia
1 W 1 J/s
1 kW 1000 W 1 kJ/s
1 hp 745.7 W
Presin o esfuerzo,
y presin expresada
como carga
hidrosttica
1 Pa 1 N/m2
1 kPa 103 Pa 103 MPa
1 atm 101.325 kPa 1.01325 bar
760 mm Hg a 0C
1.03323 kgf/cm2
1 mm Hg 0.1333 kPa
Calor especfico
1 kJ/kg C 1 kJ/kg K
1 J/g C
Volumen especfico
Temperatura
Velocidad
Viscosidad, dinmica