Figure 1: Ejercicio 1

ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
M en C. Miguel Olvera Aldana.
M en C. Jorge Javier Silva Martinez.
Profesores del depto. de Ciencias Bsicas ESCOM- IPN
octubre del 2008
UNIDAD I: Introduccin a las Ecuaciones Diferenciales
~~~En los Problemas reproduzca el campo de direcciones generado por com-
putadora. Luego graque a mano una curva solucin aproximada que pase por
los puntos que se indican. Utilice lpices de colores distintos para cada durva
de solucin.
1.
J
Jr
= r
2
j
2
a) j (2) = 1 b) j (3) = 0
c) j (0) = 2 d) j (0) = 0
Sol.
2.
J
Jr
= 1 rj
a) j (0) = 0 b) j (1) = 0
c) j (2) = 2 d) j (0) = 4
Sol.
~~~En los problemas utilice software de computadora para obtener un campo
de direcciones para la ecuacin diferencial. A mano, trace una curva solucin
aproximada que pase por cada uno de los puntos.
3.
J
Jr
= r
a) j (0) = 0 b) j (0) = 3
Sol.
4. j
J
Jr
= r
a) j (1) = 1 b) j (0) = 4
Sol.
5.
J
Jr
= 0.2r
2
+j
1
Figure 2: Ejercicio 2
Figure 3: Ejercicio 3
Figure 4: Ejercicio 4
2
Figure 5: Ejercicio 5
Figure 6: Ejercicio 6
a) j (0) =
1
2
b) j (2) = 1
Sol.
6.
J
Jr
= j cos
_
t
2
r
_
a) j (2) = 2 b) j (1) = 0
Sol.
Unidad II: Ecuaciones Diferenciales de Primer Orden
~~~Resuelva la ecuacin diferencial por medio de separacin de variables
1.
J
Jr
= sin5r
Sol.
dj = sin5rdr
Integrando
j = cos 5r +C
j = cos 5r +C
3
2. dr +c
3r
dj = 0
Sol.
Jr
t
3x
= dj
Integrando

_
dj =
_
c
.3r
dr

_
c
.3r
dr =
1
3
_
c
u
dn =
1
3
c
3r
+C
n = 3r ) dn = 3dr
j =
1
3
c
3r
+C
j =
1
3
c
3r
C
3. r
J
Jr
= 4j
Sol.
J
4
=
Jr
r
Integrando
ln(4j) = ln(r) +C
c
ln(4)
= c
ln(r)+c
4j = Cr
j =
cr
4
4.
J
Jr
= c
3r+2
Sol.
J
t
2y
= c
3r
dr
Integrando
_
c
2
dj =
_
c
3r
dr

1
2
c
2
=
1
3
c
3r
+C
c
2
=
2
3
c
3r
+C
ln
_
c
2
_
= ln
_
2
3
c
3r
+C
_
2j = ln
_
2
3
c
3r
+C
_
j =
ln(
2
3
t
3x
+c)
2
5. j ln(r)
Jr
J
=
_
+1
r
_
2
Sol.
j ln(r) dr =

2
+2+1
r
2
dj
r
2
ln(r) dr =

2
+2+1

dj
Integrando
_
r
2
ln(r) dr =
_

2
+2+1

dj

_
r
2
ln(r) dr =
r
3
ln(r)
3

1
3
_
r
2
dr =
r
3
ln(r)
3

r
3
9
n = ln(r) ) dn =
1
r
dr ) d = r
2
dr ) =
r
3
3
_

2
+2+1

dj =
_
jdj + 2
_
dj +
_
J

=

2
2
+ 2j + ln(j)|
r
3
ln(r)
3

r
3
9
=

2
2
+ 2j + ln(j)
6. csc (j) dr + sec
2
(r) dj = 0
Sol.
Jr
sec
2
(r)
=
J
csc()
4
Jr
1
cos
2
(x)
=
J
1
sin(y)
Integrando
_
cos
2
(r) dr =
_
sin(j) dr
1
2
r
1
2
sin(2r) = cos (j) +C
j = arccos
_
1
2
r
1
2
sin(2r) C
_
7. (c

+ 1)
2
c

dr + (c
r
+ 1)
3
c
r
dj = 0
Sol.
(c

+ 1)
2
c

dr = (c
r
+ 1)
3
c
r
dj

t
x
Jr
(t
x
+1)
3
=
t
y
J
(t
y
+1)
2
Integrando

_
t
x
Jr
(t
x
+1)
3
=
_
t
y
J
(t
y
+1)
2

_
t
x
Jr
(t
x
+1)
3
=
_
Ju
u
3
=
1
2u
2
=
1
2(t
x
+1)
pn = c
r
+ 1 ) dn = c
r
dry
_
t
y
J
(t
y
+1)
2
=
_
Ju
u
2
=
1
u
=
1
t
y
+1
pn = c

+ 1 ) dn = c

djy|

1
2(t
x
+1)
=
1
t
y
+1
+C
c

1 =
1
2(t
x
+1)
+C
c

=
1
2(t
x
+1)
1 +C
8.
JS
J:
= /o
Sol.
JS
S
= /dr
Integrando
_
JS
S
=
_
/dr
ln(o) = /r +C
c
ln(S)
= c
|:+c
o = Cc
|:
9.
J1
J|
= 1 1
2
Sol.
dt =
J1
11
2
Integrando
_
dt =
_
J1
11
2

_
J1
11
2
=
_
J1
1(11)
=
_
J1
1
+
_
J1
11
p
.
1

1
11
.
1
=
1
1(11)
1

1=0
= 1
1
11
=
1
1(11)
(1 1)

1=1
= 1y|
t = ln(1) + ln(1 1) +C
10.
J
Jr
=
r+3r3
r2r+48
Sol.
J
Jr
=
r(+3)(+3)
r(2)+48
5
J
Jr
=
(+3)(r1)
(2)(r+4)
(2)
(+3)
dj =
(r1)
(r+4)
dr
***Haciendo la Divisin*** _
1
5
+3
_
dj =
_
1
5
r+4
_
dr
Integrando
_
dj 5
_
J
+3
=
_
dr 5
_
Jr
r+4
j 5 ln (j + 3) = r 5 ln (r + 4) +C
11.
J
Jr
= r
_
1 j
2
Sol.
J
(1
2
)
1
2
= rdr
Integrando
_
J
(1
2
)
1
2
=
_
rdr

_
J
(1
2
)
1
2
=
_
cos 0J0
(1sin
2
0)
1
2
=
_
d0 = 0
sin0 = j ) cos 0d0 = dj|
arcsin(j) =
r
2
2
+C
j = sin
_
r
2
2
+C
_
12.
_
1 +j
2
_
dr +
_
1 +r
2
_
dj = 0
Sol.
Separando las variables
_
1 +j
2
_
dr =
_
1 +r
2
_
dj
Jr
(1+r
2
)
=
J
(1+
2
)
Jr
(1+r
2
)
+
J
(1+
2
)
= 0
Integrando
_
Jr
1+r
2
+
_
J
1+
2
= 0
p
_
Jr
1+r
2
=
_
sec
2
0J0
1+tan
2
0
=
_
sec
2
0J0
sec
2
0
=
_
d0 = 0
) r = tan0 == dr = sec
2
0d0y
p
_
J
1+
2
=
_
sec
2
oJo
1+tan
2
o
=
_
sec
2
oJo
sec
2
o
=
_
dc = c
) j = tanc == dj = sec
2
cdcy|
_
Jr
1+r
2
+
_
J
1+
2
= 0 +c
0 = tan
1
r ) c = tan
1
j|
== tan
1
r + tan
1
j = C
Multiplicando por la tangenta
tan
_
tan
.1
r
_
+ tan
_
tan
1
j
_
= tanC
= tan
1
r; 1 = tan
1
j|
) tan(+1) = C
tan(+1) =
sin(.+1)
cos(.+1)
=
sin .cos 1+sin 1cos .
cos .cos 1sin .sin 1
=
=
cos .cos 1(
sin A
cos A
+
sin B
cos B
)
cos .cos 1(1
sin Asin B
cos Acos B
)
=
tan .+tan 1
1tan .tan 1
6
Regresando a las variables originales
tan .+tan 1
1tan .tan 1
=
tan(tan
1
r)+tan(tan
1
)
1tan(tan
1
r) tan(tan
1
)
=
r+
1r
==
r+
1r
= C
13.
J:
J
=
sin +t
2r
sin
3t
r
+t
r
cos 2
Sol.
Separacin de variables
J:
J
=
sin (1+t
2r
)
t
r
(3+cos 2)
c
:
(3 + cos 2c) dr = sinc
_
1 +c
2:
_
dc
t
r
J:
1+t
2r
=
sin J
3+cos 2
t
r
J:
1+t
2r

sin J
3+cos 2
= 0
Integrando
_
t
r
J:
1+t
2r

_
sin J
3+cos 2
= 0
p
_
t
r
J:
1+t
r
=
_
Ju
1+u
2
= tan
1
n = tan
1
c
:
) n = c
:
== dn = c
:
dry
p
_
sin J
3+cos 2
=
_
sin J
2+2 cos
2

=
1
2
_
sin J
1+cos
2

) cos 2c = cos (c +c) = cos
2
c sin
2
c
= cos
2
c
_
1 cos
2
c
_
= 2 cos
2
c 1
==
1
2
_
sin J
1+cos
2

=
1
2
_
Ju
1+u
2
=
1
2
_
Ju
1+u
2
) n = cos c == dn = sincdc
==
1
2
_
Ju
1+u
2
=
1
2
_
sec
2
0J0
1+tan
2
0
=
1
2
_
sec
2
0J0
sec
2
0
=
1
2
_
d0 =
1
2
0
) n = tan0 == dn = sec
2
0d0

_
sin J
3+cos 2
=
1
2
0 =
1
2
tan
1
n =
1
2
tan
1
(cos c)
) 0 = tan
1
ny|
_
t
r
J:
1+t
2r

_
sin J
3+cos 2
= tan
1
c
:
+
1
2
tan
1
(cos c)
tan
1
c
:
+
1
2
tan
1
(cos c) = C
14. j
0
+ 1 =
(r+)
m
(r+)
n
+(r+)
p
Sol.
Haciendo un cambio de variable
t = r +j; t = t (r)
J|
Jr
= 1 +
J
Jr
J
Jr
=
J|
Jr
1
Sustituyendo
J
Jr
y t
J|
Jr
1 + 1 =
|
m
|
n
+|
p
J|
Jr
=
|
m
|
n
+|
p
|
n
+|
p
|
m
dt = dr
dr
|
n
+|
p
|
m
dt = 0
Integrando
_
dr
_
|
n
+|
p
|
m
dt = 0
7
_
dr
_
(t
nn
) dt +
_
(t
n
) dt = 0
r
|
nm+1
nn+1
+
|
pm+1
n+1
= 0
Regresando a los valores originales
r
(r+)
nm+1
nn+1
+
(r+)n+1
n+1
= C
15. j
0
= sin(r j)
Sol.
Haciendo un cambio de variable
t = r j )
J|
Jr
=
Jr
Jr

J
Jr
J
Jr
= 1
J|
Jr
Sustituyendo
J
Jr
y t
1
J|
Jr
= sint
Separacin de variables
1 sint =
J|
Jr
dr =
J|
1sin |
dr
J|
1sin |
= 0
Integrando
_
dr
_
J|
1sin |
= C

_
J|
1sin |
=
1
cos |
tant
Multiplicando por
1+sin |
1+sin |

_
J|
1sin |
_
1+sin |
1+sin |
_
=
_
1+sin |
1sin
2
|
dt
=
_
1+sin |
cos
2
|
dt
=
_
J|
cos
2
|

_
sin |J|
cos
2
|
p
_
J|
cos
2
|
=
_
sec
2
tdt = tant

_
sin |J|
cos
2
|
=
_
Ju
u
2
= n
1
=
1
u
=
1
cos |
n = cos t ) dn = sintdty|
_
dr
_
J|
1sin |
= r +
1
cos |
tant = C
Regresando a las variables originales
r +
1
cos(r1)
tan(r j) = C
r + sec (r j) tan(r j) = C
16.
J
Jr
= ar +/j +c; a, /, c =constantes
Sol.
Haciendo un cambio de variable
t = ar +/j +c dt = a +/
J
Jr
J
Jr
=
dt
dx
o
b
Sustituyendo
J
Jr
y t
dt
dx
o
b
= t
Separacin de variables
J|
Jr
a = /t
dt = (a +/t) dr
J|
o+b|
= dr
J|
o+b|
dr = 0
8
Integracin
_
J|
o+b|

_
dr = 0

_
J|
o+b|
=
_
Ju
bu
=
1
b
_
Ju
u
=
1
b
ln[n[ =
1
b
ln[a +/t[
n = a +/t ) dn = /dt

_
dr = r|
_
J|
o+b|

_
dr =
1
b
ln[a +/t[ r = C
Regresando a las variables originales
1
b
ln[a +/ (ar +/j +c) [ r = C
1
b
ln[a +/ (ar +/j +c) [ r = C
17.
J
Jr
=
2
r
+
r
3

+rtan
_

r
2
_
Sol.
Haciendo cambio variable
t =

r
2
; j = tr
2
J
Jr
= r
2 J|
Jr
+ 2rt
Sustituyendo
J
Jr
y t
r
2 J|
Jr
+ 2rt =
2|r
2
r
+
r
3
|r
2
+rtant
Separando variables
r
2 J|
Jr
= 2rt +
r
|
+rtant 2rt
r
2 J|
Jr
=
r
|
+rtant
r
2 J|
Jr
= r
_
1
|
+ tant
_
J|
(
1
t
+tan |)
=
r
r
2
dr
J|
(
1
t
+tan |)
=
Jr
r
J|
(
1
t
+tan |)

Jr
r
= 0
Integrando
_
Jr
r

_
J|
(
1
t
+tan |)
= 0

_
J|
(
1
t
+tan |)
=
_
J|
1+t tan t
t
=
_
|J|
1+| tan |
=
_
|J|
1+
t sin t
cos t
=
_
|J|
(
cos t+t sin t
cos t
)
=
_
| cos |J|
cos |+| sin |
=
_
Ju
u
= ln[n[ = ln[ cos t +t sint[
pn = cos t +t sint )
dn = (sint +t cos t + sint) dt
dn = t cos tdty|
_
Jr
r

_
J|
(
1
t
+tan |)
= ln[r[ ln[ cos t +t sint[ +C = 0
Regresando a las variables originales
ln[r[ ln[ cos t +t sint[ +C = 0
ln[r[ ln[ cos
_

r
2
_
+
_

r
2
_
sin
_

r
2
_
[ = lnC
ln
_
r
cos(
y
x
2
)+(
y
x
2
) sin(
y
x
2
)
_
= lnC
9
r
cos(
y
x
2
)+(
y
x
2
) sin(
y
x
2
)
= C
~~~En los Problemas encuentre una solucin implcita y una solucin ex-
plcita del problema de valor inicial
18.
Jr
J|
= 4
_
r
2
+ 1
_
r
_
t
4
_
= 1
Sol.
Jr
(r
2
+1)
= 4dt
Integrando
4
_
dt =
_
Jr
(r
2
+1)

_
Jr
(r
2
+1)
=
_
sec
2
0J0
tan
2
0+1
=
_
sec
2
0J0
1
cos
2

=
_
d0 = 0
tan0 = r ) sec
2
0d0 = dr|
4t = arctan (r) +C
== r
_
t
4
_
= 1
= arctan (1) +C
=
t
4
+C
C =
3t
4
Sustituyendo el valor de la constante
r = tan (4t C)
r = tan
_
4t
3t
4
_
19. r
2 J
Jr
= j rj j (1) = 1
Sol.
r
2 J
Jr
= j (1 r)
J

=
(1r)Jr
r
2
Integrando
_
J

=
_
(1r)Jr
r
2

_
(1r)Jr
r
2
=
_
r
2
dr
_
Jr
r
=
1
r
ln(r)|
ln(j) =
1
r
ln(r) +C
c
ln()
= c
(
1
x
ln(r)+c)
j =
ct

1
x
r
== j (1) = 1
1 =
ct
1
1
C = c
1
Sustituyendo el valor de la constante
j =
t
1
t

1
x
r
j =
t

(
1+
1
x
)
r
20.
_
1 j
2
dr
_
1 r
2
dj = 0 j (0) =
p
3
2
Sol.
Jr
p
1r
2
=
J
_
1
2
Integrando
_
Jr
p
1r
2
=
_
J
_
1
2
10
p
_
Jr
p
1r
2
=
_
cos 0J0
(1sin
2
0)
1
2
=
_
d0 = 0
sin0 = r ) cos 0d0 = dry
p
_
J
_
1
2
=
_
cos 0J0
(1sin
2
0)
1
2
=
_
d0 = 0
sin0 = j ) cos 0d0 = djy|
arcsin(r) +C = arcsin(j)
j = sin(arcsin(r) +C) = sin (C)
C = arcsin(j)
==j (0) =
p
3
2
C = arcsin
_
p
3
2
_
Sustituyendo el valor de la constante
j = sin
_
arcsin
_
p
3
2
__
21. (a) Encuentre una solucin del problema de valor inicial que consiste
en la ecuacin diferencial (1) y las condiciones iniciales j (0) = 2, j (0) = 2 y
j
_
1
4
_
= 1
Sol.
(1)
J
Jr
= j
2
4 Sol. j = 2
1+ct
4x
1ct
4x

j (0) = 2
2 = 2
1+c
1c
1 C = 1 +C
2C = 0
C = 0

j (0) = 2
2 = 2
1+c
1c
1 +C = 1 +C

j
_
1
4
_
= 1
1 = 2
1+ct
1
1ct
1
1 Cc
1
= 2 +Cc
1
Cc
1
= 1
C = c
1

(b) Encuentre la solucin de la ecuacin diferencial cuando ln(C)

1
se
emplea como la constante de integracin en el lado izquierdo de la solucin y
4 ln (C)
1
se sustituye por ln(C). A continuacin resuelva los mismos problemas
de valor inicial del inciso (a).
Sol.
Ejemplo 4
_
c
2
j
_
cos (r)
J
Jr
= c

sin(2r) Sol. c

+jc
r
+c

= 2 cos (r) +C

j (0) = 2
c
2
+ 2 +c
2
= 2 + ln(C)
4 +c
2
+c
2
= ln(C)
2 +
t
2
+t
2
2
=
ln(c)
2
2 cosh(r) + 4 = ln(C)
C = c
2 cosh(2)+4

j (0) = 2
c
2
2 +c
2
= 2 +C
c
2
+c
2
= C
t
2
+t
2
2
=
ln(c)
2
cosh(r) =
ln(c)
2
C = c
2 cosh(2)

j
_
1
4
_
= 1
c
1
+c

1
4
+c
1
= 2 cos
_
1
4
_
+ ln(C)
t
1
+t
1
2
+
t

1
4
2
+ cos
_
1
4
_
=
ln(c)
2
2 cosh (r) +c

1
4
+ 2 cos
_
1
4
_
= ln(C)
C = c
2 cosh(r)+t

1
4 +2 cos(
1
4
)

22. Determine una solucin singular del Problema a) y del Problema b)

Sol.
a).
J
Jr
= r
_
1 j
2
Sol.
J
(1
2
)
1
2
= rdr
Integrando
_
J
(1
2
)
1
2
=
_
rdr

_
J
(1
2
)
1
2
=
_
cos 0J0
(1sin
2
0)
1
2
=
_
d0 = 0
11
sin0 = j ) cos 0d0 = dj|
arcsin(j) =
r
2
2
+C
j = sin
_
r
2
2
+C
_
Pertenece a la familia de soluciones
Solucin Singular: es una solucin que no pertenece a la familia de
soluciones
j = 1
J
Jr
= r
_
1 j
2
0 = r
_
0
0 = 0
j (1) = 1
1 = sin
_
1
2
+C
_
j = 1 Es solucin singular
b).(c
r
+c
r
)
J
Jr
= j
2
Sol.
J

2
=
Jr
t
x
+t
x
Integrando
_
j
2
dj =
_
c
r
dr +
_
c
r
dr

= c
r
+c
r
+C
j =
1
t
x
+t
x
+c
j = (c
r
+c
r
+C) Pertenece a la familia de soluciones
Solucin Singular: es una solucin que no pertenece a la familia de
soluciones
j = 0
(c
r
+c
r
)
J
Jr
= j
2
(c
r
+c
r
) (0) = (0)
2
0 = 0
j (0) = 0
0 = (2 +C)
j = 0 Es solucin singular
~~~Con frecuencia un cambio de radical en la forma de la solucin de una
ecuacin diferencial corresponde a un cambio muy pequeo ya sea en la condi-
cin inicial o en la ecuacin misma. En los Problemas encuentre una solucin
explcita del problema de valor inicial .
23.
J
Jr
= (j 1)
2
j (0) = 1
Sol.
J
(1)
2
= dr
Integrando
_
dr =
_
J
(1)
2
r =
1

1
2
ln(j) +j +C
== j (0) = 1
0 = 1
1
2
ln(1) + 1 +C
C =
1
2
ln(1)
12
r =
1

1
2
ln(j) +j +
1
2
ln(1)
24. Cada ecuacin de primer orden autmata
J
Jr
= ) (j) es separable.
Encuentre las soluciones explcitas j
1
(r), j
2
(r), j
3
(r) y j
4
(r) de la ecuacin
diferencial
J
Jr
= jj
3
que satisface a su vez, las condiciones iniciales j
1
(0) = 2,
j (0) =
1
2
, j
3
(0) =
1
2
y j
4
(0) = 2
Sol.
J

3
= dr
Integrando
_
dr =
_
J

_
J

3
=
_
J
(1)(1+)
=
_
.

+
_
1
1
+
_
c
1+
= ln(j) +
1
2
ln(1 j)
1
2
ln(1 j)
.

=
1
(1)(1+)
j

=0
= 1
1
1
=
1
(1)(1+)
(1 j)

=1
=
1
2
c
1+
=
1
(1)(1+)
(1 +j)

=1
=
1
2
|
r = ln (j) +
1
2
ln(1 j)
1
2
ln(1 j) +C
r = ln (j) +
1
2
ln
_
1
1+
_
+C

j
1
(0) = 2
0 = ln(2) +
1
2
ln
_
1
3
_
+C
C =
_
ln(2) +
1
2
ln
_
1
3
_
r = ln(j) +
1
2
ln
_
1
1+
_
ln(2)
1
2
ln
_

1
3
_

j (0) =
1
2
0 = ln
_
1
2
_
+
1
2
ln
_
1
3
_
+C
C =
_
ln
_
1
2
_
+
1
2
ln
_
1
3
_
r = ln(j) +
1
2
ln
_
1
1+
_
ln
_
1
2
_

1
2
ln
_
1
3
_

j
3
(0) =
1
2
0 = ln
_

1
2
_
+
1
2
ln(3) +C
C =
_
ln
_

1
2
_
+
1
2
ln(3)

r = ln(j) +
1
2
ln
_
1
1+
_
ln
_

1
2
_

1
2
(3)

j
4
(0) = 2
0 = ln(2) +
1
2
ln(3) +C
C =
_
ln(2) +
1
2
ln(3)

r = ln(j) +
1
2
ln
_
1
1+
_
ln(2)
1
2
ln(3)

25. Determine una solucin explcita del problema de valor inicial

J
Jr
=
2r+1
2
j (2) = 1
Sol.
2jdj = (2r + 1) dr
Integrando
2
_
jdj = 2
_
rdr +
_
dr
j
2
= r
2
+r +C
== j (2) = 1
1 = 4 2 +C
C = 1
j (r) =
_
r
2
+r 1
Encuentre la solucin general de la ecuacin diferencial que se pro-
porciona. D el intervalo ms grande en el que se dene la solucin general.
Determine si hay trminos transitorios en la solucin general
1.
J
Jr
= 5j
13
Sol.
J
Jr
5j = 0
1 (r) = 5
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
5
R
Jr
= c
5r
J
Jr
_
j c
5r
_
=
_
o c
5r
_
d
_
j c
5r
_
= 0
Integrando
j c
5r
= C
j = Cc
5r
2.
J
Jr
+j = c
3r
Sol.
1 (r) = 1
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
Jr
= c
r
J
Jr
(j c
r
) = c
4r
d (j c
r
) = c
4r
dr
Integrando

_
c
4r
dr =
1
4
_
c
u
dn =
1
4
c
4r
+C
n = 4r ) dn = 4dr|
j c
r
=
1
4
c
4r
+C
j =
1
4
c
3r
+Cc
r
3. j
0
+ 3r
2
j = r
2
Sol.
J
Jr
+ 3r
2
j = r
2
1 (r) = 3r
2
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
3
R
r
2
Jr
= c
r
3
J
Jr
_
j c
r
3
_
= r
2
c
r
3
d
_
j c
r
3
_
= r
2
c
r
3
dr
Integrando

_
r
2
c
r
3
dr =
1
3
_
c
u
dn =
1
3
c
r
3
+C
n = r
3
) dn = 3r
2
dr|
j c
r
3
=
1
3
c
r
3
+C
j =
1
3
+Cc
r
3
4. r
2
j
0
+rj = r
Sol.
r
2 J
Jr
+rj = r
J
Jr
+
1
r
j =
1
r
1 (r) =
1
r
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
dx
x
= c
ln(r)
= r
J
Jr
(j r) =
1
r
r
d (j r) = dr
Integrando
j r = r +C
14
j = 1 +Cr
1
5.- r
J
Jr
j = r
2
sinr
Sol.
J
Jr

1
r
j = rsin(r)
1 (r) =
1
r
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
dx
x
= c
ln r
= r
J
Jr
(j r) = r
2
sin(r)
d (j r) = r
2
sin(r) dr
Integrando
j r = r
2
cos (r) + 2rsin(r) + 2 cos (r)

_
r
2
sin(r) dr = r
2
cos (r) + 2
_
rcos (r) dr =
= r
2
cos (r) + 2 [rsin(r) + cos (r)]
n = r
2
) dn = 2rdr
d = sin(r) dr ) = cos (r)
p
_
rcos (r) dr = rsin(r)
_
sin(r) dr = rsin(r)+cos (r)
n = r ) dn = dr
d = cos (r) dr ) = sin(r)y|
j = rcos (r) + 2 sin(r) +
2
r
cos (r) +Cr
1
6. r
J
Jr
+ 4j = r
3
r
Sol.
J
Jr
+
4
r
j = r
2
1
1 (r) =
4
r
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
4
R
dx
d
= c
4 ln(r)
= c
ln(r)
4
= r
4
J
Jr
_
j r
4
_
= r
6
r
4
d
_
j r
4
_
=
_
r
6
r
4
_
dr
Integrando
j r
4
=
r
7
7

r
5
5
+C
j =
r
3
7

r
5
+Cr
4
7. r
2
j
0
+r(r + 2) j = c
r
Sol.
r
2 J
Jr
+r(r + 2) j = c
r
J
Jr
+
r+2
r
j = r
2
c
r
1 (r) =
r+2
r
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
x+2
x
Jr
= c
r+2 ln(r)
= c
r
c
ln(r)
2
= r
2
c
r
J
Jr
_
j r
2
c
r
_
= r
2
c
2r
d
_
j r
2
c
r
_
= r
2
c
2r
dr
Integrando
j r
2
c
r
=
r
2
t
2x
2

rt
2x
2

1
4
c
2r
+C

_
r
2
c
2r
dr =
r
2
t
2x
2

_
rc
2r
dr =
r
2
t
2x
2

rt
2x
2

1
4
c
2r
+C
n = r
2
) dn = 2rdr
d = c
2r
dr ) =)
1
2
c
2r
p
_
rc
2r
dr =
rt
2x
2

1
2
_
c
2r
dr =
rt
2x
2

1
4
c
2r
15
n = r ) dn = dr
d = c
2r
) =
1
2
c
2r
y|
j =
1
2
c
r

t
x
2r

t
2x
4r
2
+Cr
2
c
r
8. jdr 4
_
r +j
6
_
dj = 0
Sol.
jdr = 4
_
r +j
6
_
dj
j
Jr
J
4
_
r +j
6
_
= 0
Jr
J

4

r = 4j
5
1 (j) =
4

j(r) = c
R
1()J
= c
4
R
dy
y
= c
4 ln()
= c
ln()
4
= j
4
J
J
_
r j
4
_
= j
4
_
4j
5
_
d
_
r j
4
_
= 4jdj
Integrando
r j
4
= 2j
2
+C
r = 2j
6
+Cj
4
9. cos (r)
J
Jr
+ [sin(r)] j = 1
Sol.
J
Jr
+
sin(r)
cos(r)
j =
1
cos(r)
1 (r) = tan(r)
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
tan(r)Jr
= c
ln[cos(r)]
= c
ln[cos(r)]
1
= [cos (r)]
1
J
J
_
j
1
cos(r)
_
=
1
cos(r)

1
cos(r)
d (j sec (r)) = sec
2
(r) dr
Integrando
j sec (r) = tan(r) +C
j =
tan(r)
sec(r)
+
c
sec(r)
j =
sin(x)
cos(x)
1
cos(x)
+
c
1
cos(x)
j = sin(r) +C cos (r)
10. (r + 1)
J
Jr
+ (r + 2) j = 2rc
r
Sol.
J
Jr
+
r+2
r+1
j =
2rt
x
r+1
J
Jr
+
_
1 +
1
r+1
_
j =
2rt
x
r+1
1 (r) =
_
1 +
1
r+1
_
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
(1+
1
x+1
)Jr
= c
r+ln(r+1)
= (r + 1) c
r
J
Jr
(j (r + 1) c
r
) = (r + 1) c
r

2rt
x
r+1
d (j (r + 1) c
r
) = 2rdr
Integrando
j [(r + 1) c
r
] = r
2
+C
j =
r
2
+c
(r+1)t
x
=
r
2
(r+1)t
x
+
c
(r+1)t
x
16
j =
r
2
t
x
(r+1)
+
ct
x
r+1
11.
J:
J0
+r sec 0 = cos 0
Sol.
1 (r) = sec 0
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
sec 0J0
= c
ln(sec 0+tan 0)
= (sec 0 + tan0)
J
J0
(r (sec 0 + tan0)) = cos 0 (sec 0 + tan0)
(sec 0 + tan0) = 1 + sin0|
d (r (sec 0 + tan0)) = (1 + sin0) d0
Integrando
r (sec 0 + tan0) = 0 cos 0 +C
r =
0cos 0
sec 0+tan 0
+
c
sec 0+tan 0
12. r
J
Jr
+ (3r + 1) j = c
3r
Sol.
J
Jr
+
3r+1
r
j =
t
3x
r
1 (r) =
3r+1
r
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
3x+1
x
Jr
= c
3r+ln(r)
= rc
3r
J
Jr
_
j rc
3r
_
=
t
3x
r
rc
3r
d
_
j rc
3r
_
= dr
Integrando
j rc
3r
= r +C
j = c
3r
+
ct
3x
r
13. rj
0
+j = c
r
, j (1) = 2
Sol.
r
J
Jr
+j = c
r
J
Jr
+
1
r
j =
t
x
r
1 (r) =
1
r
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
dx
x
= c
ln(r)
= r
J
Jr
(j r) = c
r
Integrando
j r = c
r
+C
j =
t
x
r
+
c
r
2 = c
1
+C
C = 2 c
1
j =
t
x
r
+
2t
1
r
14. 1
JI
J|
+1i = 1, i (0) = i
0,
1, 1, 1 c i
0
constantes
Sol.
JI
J|
+
1
J
i =
J
J
1 (t) =
1
J
j(t) = c
R
1(|)J|
= c
R
R
L
J|
= c
R
L
|
J
J|
_
i c
R
L
|
_
=
1
J
c
R
L
|
Integrando
17
i c
R
L
|
=
J
J
J
1
c
R
L
|
+C
i (t) =
J
1
+Cc

R
L
|
i
0
=
J
1
+Cc
0
C = i
0

J
1
i (t) =
_
i
0

J
1
_
c

R
L
|
+
J
1
15. (r + 1)
J
Jr
+j = lnr, j (1) = 10
Sol.
J
Jr
+
1
r+1
j =
ln r
r+1
1 (r) =
1
r+1
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
1
x+1
Jr
= c
ln(r+1)
= r + 1
J
Jr
(j (r + 1)) = (r + 1)
ln r
r+1
d (j (r + 1)) = ln(r) dr
Integrando
j (r + 1) = rln(r) +r +C
j =
r ln(r)+r+c
(r+1)
10 =
1+c
2
19 = C
j =
r ln(r)+r+19
(r+1)
16.
J
Jr
+ 2j = ) (r) , j (0) = 0, donde
) (r) =
_
1, 0 _ r _ 3
0, r 3
Sol.
99K
J
Jr
+ 2r = 1
1 (r) = 2
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
2r
J
Jr
_
j c
2r
_
= c
2r
d
_
j c
2r
_
= c
2r
dr
Integrando
j c
2r
=
1
2
c
2r
+C
j =
1
2
+Cc
2r
== j (0) = 0
0 =
1
2
+C ) C =
1
2
j (r) =
1
2
+
1
2
c
2r
........ [1]
99K
J
Jr
+ 2r = 0
J
Jr
= 2r
Integrando
j = r
2
+C.............. [2]
r 3
1
2
+
1
2
c
2r
= r
2
+C
1
2
+
1
2
c
6
= 9 +C
C =
19t
6
2
18
j (r)
_
1
2
+
1
2
c
2r
0 _ r _ 3
r
2
+
19t
6
2
r 3
17.
J
Jr
+ 2rj = ) (r) , j (0) = 2, donde
) (r) =
_
r, 0 _ r _ 1
0, r _ 1
Sol.
J
Jr
+ 2rj = r
1 (r) = 2r
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
2rJr
= c
r
2
J
Jr
_
j c
r
2
_
= rc
r
2
d
_
j c
r
2
_
= rc
r
2
dr
Integrando
j c
r
2
=
1
2
c
r
2
+C

_
rc
r
2
dr =
1
2
_
c
u
dn =
1
2
c
r
2
+C
n = r
2
) dn = 2rdr|
j =
1
2
+Cc
r
2
== j (0) = 2
2 =
1
2
+C
C =
3
2
j (r) =
1
2
+
3
2
c
r
2
......... [1]

J
Jr
+ 2rj = 0
J
Jr
= 2rj
Integrando
ln(j) = r
2
+C
j = Cc
r
2
................. [2]
r _ 1
1
2
+
3
2
c
r
2
= Cc
1
C =
1
2
c +
3t
2t
x
2
j (r)
_
1
2
+
3
2
c
r
2
0 _ r _ 1
t
2t
x
2
+
3t
2t
2x
2
r _ 1
18. Resolver el problema de valor inicial j
0
+1 (r) j = 4r, j (0) = 3 donde
1 (r) =
_
2, 0 _ r _ 1

2
r
, r 1
Sol.
J
Jr
+ 2j = 4r
1 (r) = 2
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
R
2Jr
= c
2r
J
Jr
_
j c
2r
_
= 4rc
2r
d
_
j c
2r
_
= 4rc
2r
dr
Integrando
j c
2r
= 2rc
2r
c
2r
+C
19
j = 2r 1 +Cc
2r
== 3 = 1 +C
C = 4
j = 2r 1 + 4c
2r
............. [1]

J
Jr

4
r
j = 4r
1 (r) =
4
r
j(r) = c
4
R
dx
x
= c
4 ln(r)
= r
4
J
Jr
_
j r
4
_
= 4r
5
Integrando
j r
4
=
2
3
r
6
+C
j =
2
3
r
2
Cr
4
............ [2]
r 1
j =
2
3
C
2r 1 + 4c
2r
=
2
3
C
C =
2
3
2r + 1 4c
2r
1 (r) =
_
2r 1 + 4c
2r
, 0 _ r _ 1
2
3
r
2

_
2
3
2r + 1 4c
2r
_
r
4
, r 1
Por medio de un programa de gracacin trace la funcin continua j (r)
19. Exprese la solucin del problema de valor inicial j
0
2rj = 1, j (1) = 1,
en trminos de la erf(r) .
Sol.
J
Jr
2rj = 1
1 (r) = 2r
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
2
R
rJr
= c
r
2
J
Jr
_
j c
r
2
_
= c
r
2
d
_
j c
r
2
_
= c
r
2
dr
Integrando
j c
r
2
=
1
2
c
r
2
+C
j =
1
2
+Cc
r
2
== j (1) = 1
1 =
1
2
+Cc
1
C =
3
2t
j =
1
2
+
3t
x
2
2t
~~~En los Problemas determine si la ecuacin diferencial que se pro-
porciona es exacta. En caso armativo resuelvala.
1. (2r 1) dr + (3j + 7) dj = 0
Sol.
' (r, j) = 2r 1 ) 'j = 0
(r, j) = 3j 1 ) r = 0
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
Jr
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 1.
20
J}
Jr
= 2r 1
Integrando
) = r
2
r +/(j)
-De 2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
J|
J
= 3j + 7
d/ = (3j + 7) dj
Integrando
/ =
3
2
j
2
+ 7j
) = r
2
r +
3
2
j
2
+ 7j
2. (5r + 4j) dr +
_
4r 8j
3
_
dj = 0
Sol.
' (r, j) = 5r + 4j ) 'j = 4
(r, j) = 4r 8j
3
) r = 4
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
Jr
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= 5r + 4j
Integrando
) =
5
2
r
2
+ 4rj +/(j)
-De 2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
4r +
J|
J
= 4r 8j
3
d/ = 8j
3
dj
Integrando
/ = 2j
4
+C
) =
5
2
r
2
+ 4rj 2j
4
+C
3.
_
2rj
2
3
_
dr +
_
2r
2
j + 4
_
dj = 0
Sol.
' = 2rj
2
3 ) 'j = 4rj
= 2r
2
j + 4 ) r = 4rj
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
Jr
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= 2rj
2
3
Integrando
) = r
2
j
2
3r +/(j)
-De 2.
2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
2r
2
j +
J|
J
= 2r
2
j + 4
d/ = 4dj
Integrando
/ = 4j +C
21
) = r
2
j
2
3r + 4j +C
4.
_
r
2
j
2
_
dr +
_
r
2
2rj
_
dj = 0
Sol.
' = r
2
j
2
) 'j = 2j
= r
2
2rj ) r = 2r 2j
_
No es Exacta!!
5.
_
r j
3
+j
2
sinr
_
dr =
_
3rj
2
+ 2j cos r
_
dj
Sol.
_
r j
3
+j
2
sinr
_
dr
_
3rj
2
+ 2j cos r
_
dj = 0
' = r j
3
+j
2
sin(r) ) 'j = 3j
2
+ 2j sin(r)
= 3rj
2
2j cos (r) ) r = 3j
2
+ 2j sin(r)
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
Jr
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= r j
3
+j
2
sin(r)
Integrando
) =
1
2
r
2
rj
3
j
2
cos (r) +/(j)
-De 2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
3rj
2
2j cos (r) +
J|
J
= 3rj
2
2j cos (r)
J|
J
= 0
Integrando
/ = C
) =
1
2
r
2
rj
3
j
2
cos (r) +C
6. (j lnj c
r
) dr +
_
1

+rlnj
_
dj = 0
Sol.
' = j lnj c
r
) 'j = lnj +
1

c
r
=
1

+rlnj ) r =
1

2
+r
1

_
No es Exacta!!
7. r
J
Jr
= 2rc
r
j + 6r
2
Sol.
_
2rc
r
j + 6r
2
_
dr rdj = 0
' = 2rc
r
j + 6r
2
) 'j = 1
= r ) r = 1
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
Jr
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= 2rc
r
j + 6r
2
Integrando
) = r
2
c
r
rj + 2r
3
+/(j)
-De 2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
r +
J|
J
= r
J|
J
= 0
Integrando
22
/ = C
) = r
2
c
r
rj + 2r
3
+C
8.
_
r
2
j
3

1
1+9r
2
_
Jr
J
+r
3
j
2
= 0
Sol.
_
r
2
j
3

1
1+9r
2
_
dr +r
3
j
2
dj = 0
' = r
2
j
3

1
1+9r
2
) 'j = 3r
2
j
2
= r
3
j
2
) r = 3r
2
j
2
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
Jr
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= r
2
j
3

1
1+9r
2
Integrando
) =
r
3

3
3

1
3
arctan(3r) +/(j)

_
Jr
1+9r
2
=
1
3
_
sec
2
0J0
1+tan
2
0
=
1
3
_
1d
cos
2

1+
sin
2

cos
2

=
1
3
_
1d
cos
2

cos
2
+sin
2

cos
2

=
=
1
3
_
d0 =
1
3
0
tan0 = 3r ) sec
2
0 = 3dr ) dr =
sec
2
0
3
|
-De 2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
r
3
j
2
+
J|
J
= r
3
j
2
J|
J
= 0
Integrando
/ = C
) =
r
3

3
3

1
3
arctan(3r) +C
9. (tanr sinrsinj) dr + cos rcos jdj = 0
Sol.
' = tanr sinrsinj ) 'j = sinrcos j
= cos rcos j ) r = sinrcos j
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
Jr
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= tanr sinrsinj
Integrando
) = ln(cos r) + cos rsinj +/(j)
-De 2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
cos rcos j +
J|
J
= cos rcos j
J|
J
= 0
Integrando
/ = C
) = ln(cos r) + cos j sinr +C
10.
_
4t
3
j 15t
2
j
_
dt +
_
t
4
+ 3j
2
t
_
dj = 0
23
Sol.
' = 4t
3
j 15t
2
j ) 'j = 4t
3
1
= t
4
+ 3j
2
t ) t = 4t
3
1
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
J|
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 1.
J}
J|
= 4t
3
j 15t
2
j
Integrando
) = t
4
j 5t
3
tj +/(j)
-De 2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
t
4
t +
J|
J
= t
4
+ 3j
2
t
J|
J
= 3j
2
t
Integrando
/ = j
3
+C
) = t
4
j 5t
3
tj +j
3
+C
11. (r +j)
2
dr +
_
2rj +r
2
1
_
dj = 0, j (1) = 1
Sol.
' = (r +j)
2
) 'j = 2 (r +j)
= 2rj +r
2
1 ) r = 2j + 2r
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
Jr
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 2.
J}
J
= 2rj +r
2
1
Integrando
) = rj
2
+r
2
j j +/(r)
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= '
Derivando a )
j
2
+ 2rj +
J|
J
= r
2
+ 2rj +j
2
J|
Jr
= r
2
Integrando
/ =
r
3
3
+C
) = rj
2
+r
2
j j +
r
3
3
+C
== j (1) = 1
) (1) = 1 + 1 1 +
1
3
+C
4
3
+C
C =
4
3
) = rj
2
+r
2
j j +
r
3
3

4
3
12. (4j + 2t 5) dt + (6j + 4t 1) dj = 0, j (1) = 2
Sol.
' = 4j + 2t 5 ) 'j = 4
= 6j + 4t 1 ) r = 4
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
J|
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
24
-De 1.
J}
J|
= 4j + 2t 5
Integrando
) = 4jt +t
2
5t +/(j)
-De 2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
4t +
J|
J
= 6j + 4t 1
J|
J
= 6j 1
Integrando
/ = 3j
2
j +C
) = 4jt +t
2
5t + 3j
2
j +C
== j (1) = 2
) = 4jt +t
2
5t + 3j
2
j +C
8 + 1 + 5 + 12 2 +C
8 +C
C = 8
) = 4jt +t
2
5t + 3j
2
j 8
13.
_
j
2
cos r 3r
2
j 2r
_
dr +
_
2j sinr r
3
+ lnj
_
dj = 0, j (0) = c
Sol.
' = j
2
cos r 3r
2
j 2r ) 'j = 2j cos r 3r
2
= 2j sinr r
3
+ lnj ) r = 2j cos r 3r
2
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
J|
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= j
2
cos r 3r
2
j 2r
Integrando
) = j
2
sinr r
3
j r
2
+/(j)
-De 2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
2j sinr r
3
+
J|
J
= 2j sinr r
3
+ lnj
J|
J
= lnj
Integrando
/ = j lnj j +C
) = j
2
sinr r
3
j r
2
+j lnj j +C
== j (0) = c
) = j
2
sinr r
3
j r
2
+j lnj j +C
c lnc c +C
C = c c lnc
C = 0
) = j
2
sinr r
3
j r
2
+j lnj j
En el problema determine el valor de / de modo que la ecuacin difer-
encial que se proporciona sea exacta.
14.
_
j
3
+/rj
4
2r
_
dr +
_
3rj
2
+ 20r
2
j
3
_
dj = 0
25
Sol.
' = j
3
+/rj
4
2r ) 'j = 3j
2
+ 4/rj
3
= 3rj
2
+ 20r
2
j
3
) r = 3j
2
+ 40rj
3
3j
2
+ 4/rj
3
= 3j
2
+ 40rj
3
4/rj
3
= 40rj
3
/ =
40r
3
4r
3
= 10
/ = 10
En el problema compruebe que la ecuacin diferencial que se propor-
ciona no es exacta. Multiplique la ecuacin diferencial por el factor integrante
indicado j(r, j) y compruebe que la nueva ecuacin es exacta. Resuelva.
15. (rj sinr + 2j cos r) dr + 2rcos rdj = 0; j(r, j) = rj
Sol.
j(r, j) + 11
_
r
2
j
2
sinr + 2rj
2
cos r
_
dr + 2r
2
j cos rdj = 0
' = r
2
j
2
sinr + 2rj
2
cos r ) 'j = 2r
2
j sinr + 4rj cos r
= 2r
2
j cos r ) r = 4rj cos r 2r
2
j sinr
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
J|
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 2.
J}
J
= 2r
2
j cos r
Integrando
) = r
2
j
2
cos r +/(r)
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= '
Derivando a )
2rj
2
cos r r
2
j
2
sinr +
J|
Jr
= r
2
j
2
sinr + 2rj
2
cos r
J|
Jr
= 0
/ = C
) = r
2
j
2
cos r +C
En los Problemas resuelva la ecuacin diferencial mediante la determi-
nacin de un factor integrante adecuado.
16.
_
2j
2
+ 3r
_
dr + 2rjdj = 0
Sol.
j(r) =
1r

=
42
2r
=
1
r
j(r) = c
R
dx
x
= c
ln(r)
= r
j(r) 11
_
2rj
2
+ 3r
2
_
dr + 2r
2
jdj = 0
' = 2rj
2
+ 3r
2
) 'j = 4rj
= 2r
2
j ) r = 4rj
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
J|
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= 2rj
2
+ 3r
2
Integrando
26
) = r
2
j
2
+r
3
+/(j)
-De 2.
J}
J
=
Derivando a )
2r
2
j +
J|
J
= 2r
2
j
J|
J
= 0
Integrando
/ = C
) = r
2
j
2
+r
3
+C
17.
_
10 6j +c
3r
_
dr 2dj = 0
Sol.
j(r) =
1r

=
6
2
= 3
j(r) = c
R
(r)Jr
= c
R
3Jr
= c
3r
j(r) + 11
_
10c
3r
6jc
3r
+ 1
_
dr 2c
3r
dj = 0
' = 10c
3r
6jc
3r
+ 1 ) 'j = 6c
3r
= 2c
3r
) r = 6c
3r
_
Es Exacta!!
1.
J}
J|
= ' ; 2.
J}
J
=
-De 2.
J}
J
= 2c
3r
Integrando
) = 2jc
3r
+/(r)
-De 1.
J}
Jr
= '
Derivando a )
6jc
3r
+
J|
Jr
= 10c
3r
6jc
3r
+ 1
J|
Jr
= 10c
3r
+ 1
Integrando
/ =
10
3
c
3r
+r +C
) = 2jc
3r
+
10
3
c
3r
+r +C
18. (a) Demuestre que una familia uniparamtrica de soluciones de la
ecuacin:
_
4rj + 3r
2
_
dr+
_
2j + 2r
2
_
dj = 0 es r
3
+2r
2
j +j
2
= c.
Sol.
Derivando la solucin
3r
2
dr + 4rjdr + 2r
2
dj + 2jdj
_
3r
2
+ 4rj
_
dr +
_
2r
2
+ 2j
_
dj
(b) Muestre que las condiciones iniciales j (0) = 2 y j (1) = 1 determinan
la misma solucin implcita.
Sol.
j (0) = 2
r
3
+ 2r
2
j +j
2
= c
4 = C
27
j (1) = 1
r
3
+ 2r
2
j +j
2
= c
1 + 1 + 1 = C
C = 3
(c) Encuentre soluciones explcitas j
1
(0) = 2 y j
2
(1) = 1. Utilice CAS
para gracar j
1
(r) y j
2
(0) .
Sol.
r
3
+ 2r
2
j +j
2
= c
j
1
= 4 C
j
1
== r
3
+ 2r
2
j +j
2
= 4
j
2
= 3 C
j
2
== r
3
+ 2r
2
j +j
2
= 3
~~~Resuelva la ecuacin diferencial que se proporciona por medio de
una sustitucin adecuada.
1. (r j) dr +rdj = 0
Sol.
' = r j = tr tj = t (r j) = t'
= r = tr = t
j = nr ) dj = ndr +rdn
(r nr) dr +r(ndr +rdn)
(r nr +rn) dr +r
2
dn = 0
rdr = r
2
dn
rJr
r
2
= dn
Integrando
lnr = n +C
lnr =

r
+C
2. rdr + (j 2r) dj = 0
Sol.
' = r = tr = t'
= j 2r = tj 2tr = t (j 2r) = t
j = nr ) dj = ndr +rdn
rdr + (nr 2r) (ndr +rdn) = 0
_
r +n
2
r 2rn
_
dr +
_
nr
2
2r
2
_
dn = 0
r
_
1 2n +n
2
_
dr +r
2
(n 2) dn = 0
rJr
r
2
=
(u2)Ju
(12u+u
2
)
Integrando

_

(u2)Ju
(12u+u
2
)
=
1
2
_
Jo
o
=
1
2
lnc =
1
2
ln
_
1 2n +n
2
_
=
=
1
2
ln
_
1 2
_

r
_
+
_

r
_
2
_
c = 1 2n +n
2
) dc = (2 + 2n) dn|
ln(r) =
1
2
ln
_
1 2
_

r
_
+
_

r
_
2
_
+C
3.
_
j
2
+jr
_
dr r
2
dj = 0
28
Sol.
' = j
2
+jr = t
2
j
2
+tjtr = t
2
j
2
+t
2
rj = t
2
_
j
2
+jr
_
= t
2
'
= r
2
= t
2
r
2
= t
2

j = nr ) dj = ndr +rdn
_
n
2
r
2
+nr
2
_
dr r
2
(ndr +rdn) = 0
_
n
2
r
2
+nr
2
r
2
n
_
dr r
3
dn = 0
r
2
n
2
dr r
3
dn = 0
r
2
Jr
r
3
=
Ju
u
2
Integrando
ln(r) =
1
u
+C == ln(r) =
r

+C
c
ln(r)
= c

x
y
+c
r = Cc

x
y
4.
J
Jr
=
r
+r
Sol.
(j +r) dj = (j r) dr == (j r) dr (j +r) dj = 0
' = j r = tj tr = t (j r) = t'
= j +r = tj +tr = t (j +r) = t
j = nr ) dj = ndr +rdn
(nr r) dr (nr +r) (ndr +rdn) = 0
_
nr r n
2
r nr
_
dr
_
nr
2
+r
2
_
dn = 0
r
_
1 +n
2
_
dr r
2
(n + 1) dn = 0

rJr
r
2
=
(u+1)Ju
(1+u
2
)
==
rJr
r
2
=
uJu
(1+u
2
)
+
Ju
(1+u
2
)
Integrando

_
Ju
(1+u
2
)
=
_
stc
2
J0
1+tan
2
0
=
_
1
cos
2

J0
1+
sin
2

cos
2

=
_
d
cos
2

cos
2
+sin
2

cos
2

=
_
d0 = 0 +C
tan0 = n ) dn = sec
2
0d0
_
uJu
(1+u
2
)
=
1
2
_
Jo
o
=
1
2
ln
_
1 +n
2
_
c = 1 +n
2
) dc = 2ndn|
ln(r) =
1
2
ln
_
1 +n
2
_
+ arctann +C
ln(r) =
1
2
ln
_
1 +
_

r
_
2
_
arctan
_

r
_
+C
5. jdr +
_
r +
_
rj
_
dj = 0
Sol.
' = j = tj = t'
= r +
_
rj = tr +t
1
2
r
1
2
t
1
2
j
1
2
= t
_
r + (rj)
1
2
_
= t
j = nr ) dj = ndr +rdn
nrdr +
_
r +
_
nr
2
_
(ndr +rdn) = 0
_
nr +nr +rn
3
2
_
dr +
_
r
2
+r
2
n
1
2
_
dn = 0
rn
1
2
dr +r
2
_
1 +n
1
2
_
dn = 0
rJr
r
2
=

1+u
1
2

Ju
u
1
2
Integrando
29
ln(r) = 2n
1
2
+n +C
ln(r) = 2
_

r
_1
2
+

r
+C
6. rj
2 J
Jr
= j
3
r
3
, j (1) = 2
Sol.
_
j
3
r
3
_
dr rj
2
dj = 0
' = j
3
r
3
= t
3
j
3
t
3
r
3
= t
3
_
j
3
r
3
_
= t
3
'
= rj
2
= trt
2
j
2
= t
3
_
rj
2
_
= t
3

j = nr ) dj = ndr +rdn
_
n
3
r
3
r
3
_
dr r
3
n
2
(ndr +rdn) = 0
_
n
3
r
3
r
3
r
3
n
3
_
dr r
4
n
2
dn = 0
r
3
dr r
4
n
2
dn = 0

r
3
Jr
r
4
= n
2
dn
Integrando
ln(r) =
u
3
3
+C
ln(r) =
(
y
x
)
3
3
+C
ln(r) =
3
3
r
3
+C
c
ln(r)
= c
3y
3
x
3
+c
1
r
= Cc
3y
3
x
3
Valor Inicial j (1) = 2
1 = Cc
24
C = c
24
7.
_
r +jc
y
x
_
dr rc
y
x
dj = 0, j (1) = 0
Sol.
j = nr ) dj = ndr +rdn
(r +nrc
u
) dr rc
u
(ndr +rdn) = 0
(r +nrc
u
rnc
u
) dr r
2
c
u
dn = 0
rdr r
2
c
u
dn = 0
rJr
r
2
= c
u
dn
Integrando
ln(r) = c
u
+C
ln(r) = c
y
x
+C
c
ln(r)
= c
t
y
x +c
r = Cc
t
y
x
Valor Inicial
1 = Cc
t
0
1 = Cc
1
~~~Ecuacin de Bernoulli
8. r
J
Jr
+j =
1

2
Sol.
J
Jr
+
1
r
j =
1
r
2
: = 2 ) n = j
1n
= j
1(2)
= j
3
)== j = n
1
3
J
Jr
=
1
3
n

2
3
Ju
Jr
30
Sustituyendo
1
3
n

2
3
Ju
Jr
+
1
r
n
1
3
=
1
ru
2
3
*Multiplicando por 3n
2
3
Ju
Jr
+
3
r
n =
3
r
1 (r) =
3
r
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
3
R
dx
x
= c
ln(r)
3
= r
3
J
Jr
_
n r
3
_
= 3r
2
Integrando
n r
3
= r
3
+C
n = 1 +Cr
3
Sustituyendo el valor de n
j
3
= 1 +Cr
3
j =
3
_
1 +cr
3
9.
J
Jr
= j
_
rj
3
1
_
Sol.
J
Jr
= rj
4
j
J
Jr
+j = rj
4
: = 4 ) n = j
1n
= j
14
= j
3
)== n

1
3
= j
J
Jr
=
1
3
n

4
3
Ju
Jr
Sustituyendo

1
3
n

4
3
Ju
Jr
+n

1
3
= rn

4
3
*Multiplicando por 3n
4
3
Ju
Jr
3n = r
1 (r) = 3
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
3
R
Jr
= c
3r
J
Jr
_
n c
3r
_
= rc
3r
Integrando
n c
3r
=
1
3
rc
3r
+
1
9
c
3r
+C

_
rc
3r
dr =
1
3
rc
3r
+
1
3
_
c
3r
dr =
=
1
3
rc
3r
+
1
9
c
3r
+C
n = r ) dn = dr ) d = c
3r
dr ) =
1
3
c
3r
|
n =
1
3
r +
1
9
+Cc
3r
Sustiruyendo a n
j
3
=
1
3
r +
1
9
+Cc
3r
j =
1
3
_

1
3
r+
1
9
+ct
3x
10. t
2 J
J|
+j
2
= tj
Sol.
J
J|
+
1
|
2
j
2
=

|
J
J|

1
|
j =
1
|
2
j
2
: = 2 ) n = j
1n
= j
12
= j
1
)== j = n
1
J
J|
=
1
u
2
Ju
J|
Sustituyendo
31

1
u
2
Ju
J|

1
|u
=
1
|
2
u
2
*Multiplicando por n
2
Ju
J|
+
1
|
n =
1
|
2
1 (t) =
1
|
j(t) = c
R
dt
t
= c
ln(|)
= t
J
J|
(n t) =
1
|
Integrando
n t = ln (t) +C
n = t
1
ln(t) +Ct
1
Sustituyendo a n
j
1
= t
1
ln(t) +ct
1
j =
1
|
1
ln(|)+c|
1
11. r
2 J
Jr
2rj = 3j
4
, j (1) =
1
2
Sol.
J
Jr

2
r
j =
3
4
r
2
: = 4 ) n = j
1n
= j
14
= j
3
)== j = n

1
3
J
Jr
=
1
3
n

4
3
Ju
Jr
Sustituyendo

1
3
n

4
3
Ju
Jr

2
r
n

1
3
=
3u

4
3
r
2
*Multiplicando por 3n
4
3
Ju
Jr
+
6
r
n =
9
r
2
1 (r) =
6
r
j(r) = c
R
1(r)Jr
= c
6
R
dx
x
= c
6 ln(r)
= r
6
J
Jr
_
n r
6
_
= 9r
4
Integrando
n r
6
=
9
5
r
5
+C
n =
9
5r
+Cr
6
Sustituyendo a n
j
3
=
9
5r
+Cr
6
== j (1) =
1
2
_
1
2
_
3
=
9
5
+C
8 +
9
5
= C
C =
49
5
j
3
=
9
5r
+
49
5
r
6
12.
J
Jr
= (r +j + 1)
2
Sol.
n = r +j + 1
dn = dr
Ju
Jr
=
J
Jr
+ 1 )
J
Jr
=
Ju
Jr
1
Sustituyendo
Ju
Jr
1 = n
2
Ju
Jr
= n
2
+ 1
32
Ju
u
2
+1
= dr
Integrando
r = arctan (n) +C

_
Ju
u
2
+1
=
_
sec
2
0J0
tan
2
0+1
=
_
d
cos
2

sin
2

cos
2
+1
=
_
d
cos
2

sin
2
+cos
2

cos
2

=
_
d0 = 0|
tan0 = n ) dn = sec
2
0d0
Sustituyendo a n
r = arctan (r +j + 1) +C
13.
J
Jr
= tan
2
(r +j)
Sol.
n = r +j
dn = dr
Ju
Jr
= 1 +
J
Jr
)
J
Jr
=
Ju
Jr
1
Sustituyendo
Ju
Jr
1 = tan
2
n
Ju
tan
2
u+1
= dr
Integrando
r =
1
2
n +
1
4
sin(2n) +C

_
Ju
tan
2
u+1
=
_
Ju
sin
2
u
cos
2
u
+1
=
_
Ju
1
cos
2
u
=
_
cos
2
ndn =
=
1
2
n +
1
4
sin(2n) +C
Sustituyendo a n
r =
1
2
(r +j) +
1
4
sin(2r + 2j) +C
14.
J
Jr
= 2 +
_
j 2r + 3
Sol.
n = j 2r + 3
dn = 2dr
Ju
Jr
= 2 +
J
Jr
)
J
Jr
=
Ju
Jr
+ 2
Sustituyendo
Ju
Jr
+ 2 = 2 +n
1
2
Ju
Jr
= n
1
2
Ju
u
1
2
= dr
Integrando
r = 2n
1
2
+C
Sustituyendo a n
r = 2
_
j 2r + 3 +C
15.
J
Jr
= cos (r +j) , j (0) =
t
4
Sol.
n = r +j
dn = dr
Ju
Jr
=
J
Jr
)
J
Jr
=
Ju
Jr
Sustituyendo
Ju
Jr
= cos n
Ju
cos u
= dr
33
Integrando
r = ln(sec n + tann)
Sustituyendo a n
r = ln [sec (r +j) + tan(r +j)] +C
== j (0) =
t
4
0 = ln
_
sec
_
t
4
_
+ 1
_
+C
C = ln
_
sec
_
t
4
_
+ 1
_
r = ln [sec (r +j) + tan(r +j)] ln
_
sec
_
t
4
_
+ 1
_
PROBLEMAS DE PROYECTO Y PARA DISCUSIN
16. Explique por qu siempre es prosible expresar cualquier ecuacin difer-
encial homognea ' (r, j) dr + (r, j) dj = 0 en la forma
J
Jr
= 1
_
r

_
Se podra empezar por demostrar que
' (r, j) = r
o
'
_
1,

r
_
y (r, j) = r
o

_
1,

r
_
Sol.
**Se propone n =

r
**
J
Jr
= ) (r, j)
j = q
_
r,

r
_
J
Jr
=
J
Jr
Jr
Jr
+
J
Ju
Ju
Jr
genera
J
Jr
= q
r
_
r,

r
_
+q
u
_
r,

r
_
Ju
Jr
Entonces si
J
Jr
Jr
Jr
se sustituye por la derivada anterior y j se reemplza
en ) (r, j) por q
_
r,

r
_
, entonces la ED
J
Jr
= ) (r, j) se convierte en q
r
_
r,

r
_
+
q
u
_
r,

r
_
J
Jr
= )
_
r, q
_
r,

r
__
, que si se resuelve
J
Jr
tiene la forma
J
Jr
= 1
_
r

_
34