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M ateriaf chroniony prawem autorskim

iIfII, ie[Jl]'~ill [p@l 'IDemiiJdi~rni!' [!i:1il]\m!i 5;,,:~, mrn~I'O:ll:li€:Si ,die 1I!l.iIlJte;~nSl, :p(JlJl!i.~,. tes, 'De(l]j~'m' de este s eetor. 1!!ls h!li~i[if'';P .• ~<i ',~ ~ ~ ~, ran. 'k~'ij:".r.~ ~~~~, ~",h;~, ' ~]~ 4'"ii0£. .r~I,. ~k ~ '~'ii ",".!,"~ "'~~, '~ ~ ~,,~, .; ~ ~l 'c,ei~ ,""'~ pu'[,~, [~!,;::;r J U!e~f ::IF!IJUl:m!!tl!i[,~1iIi il;':;~"",; lU !!;,iI!I;~ l~i[!I1S [pufll ~,'O!£ 'l!.I!ie,

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rv1 ateri at c h ron i ony prawem autors kim

~~~~m~s(i6,!W. d}~i 10.s, ~U~~®~~: d~~ !~S!tnd~:'@1 ~$; qrll,e ~ei[[lj .. ~ei[[lje:lI'ilIJl~ una :rnilJ3(fo:n~ de las ocupaclO:Deiil< [en ,~e(:~m[e1illmlO] :req~~et.-i.:llinJ edtmCiM!inn, ,((I! 'f~miia£ili~:lliJ su,e-i"" '~f@(f' i3J '~8J '~~~1ill(di3J mC'udlaria 'D~ h,[,~c:i;Oi. mM ;d~ dlm; d,e eads tres de ]~S, eeu-

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Si!iYri]liifioo. ifiIfU. la s~ciooaJ~j, ~jiji :irJi~I1':;'ir,iijj~, ",,~'!'-~ 'rffii.&i' ~.' --1-'" -, :-,~ -~I\Bo. 'I~I~ '-.:-'I~:~(:;· ~,_ ~,:~'.if- '. ":~: -~. !L ''ill - - ~.~~ - -- - .. ~ Ct"'" ""- "., ~ ~Ni~ !l'llI;;Ice5~lFl!Jitlm,I:.,1iIi1~ , .tIi, p!lJi(1lj~il.CI,'Vn. .Y

el dtrn.!l'lJHSflll];,®\~ -d!e)bl~,@i ,311 peso Rrn8Jt~m, d~ ~,~oS :P!lill~m1'(1~, d~ tr:~bta!j;ij, ~i~ OMlwmca.·,

,~&_~, iCU~~dJ~1 se CIJeMllltanru eW'tlI :l'tu.mm,eroB ,;ab8lilJi~jlm!t(G~" Las prn:@rye~~OJliL~$ [d,~ l~. Qlffic;mKilfJ, d~ H!.r~~~trr~th~~ U.iOOl~] ,pata ], ~~:,=2iOO5 ml'Ulestir.;aru 'que $,C eSiper:-8i, CflJEe ,~as CUoli'lJs, de, e.p~~eo :parn. ,p:r:ote~g,O:['I;@J.~e~ '''/ tl,U',ElJlliBjadow,es, de: $leR~~i!(tis

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i!l!J~~\mIi!~i!l1Ii ,~p mJUimlil(li!ill!~meJjJ!Ii~ f:!IITl! .Ilia, !lm.i1u.~lJII1I!a !Ca!D1l!!~:l.l.lI:ai!JI:t. en tOJrll!to a ,JI.,~O Y .!Il.,~'

·c I-'~ t ·.c, .. ~ ~ ~"~i'" ;01,·,.'" ', .. , ;I; "V , "Iii, .. 'iJl) ,~, "..' j," , ..;I .. , ~ .. " '" ' ....

p,!!!I[!mr~m, ,1f.00~J]j,~a.iJle~ ,[\es'p':eCI~ I.,~.,ame{[lj)~!eo" .iE't.!l.es~:o, ,qlilie ,eSi£ilS [uO'S, ,gl. ftJPOS r,!ill,rn~·

s,:e:ltilJtoo. ~iilI~~:OS, ICMru la m~[ii;d d;eJ. [~~"e:dIl]lTjj~emto tetal dJ~ Pl:lL~5~~SI d\~ ~:r..at~a1Jo'jo en ~t1.eros, :ElJlbsol~lO'S. '[~emn:de~l ill 'i:o:rJr~eo.t~:lu~~S en 10'~, tJ~ ~~l'~rnu(ili$ d~"' ,~a. es-

.. '~--~~ .- _.'. :liiii •. ,t: "ii' -i',]iiI-· ~ ~ AI,~ ,','~.'" " ;Ii ',iI!-.. "..ll·, " , " ,;IC: '.'~ , "J' . ,,(£ ,;::: ,~~~, (!iiCi._.fp~.~K~miii_'~:;. !!D\,~ a~ dl]Th,e,s, l!.lIie~ I1ill.!!!!1!P'f'OO I~ r,a!ll.!'~lBly{]ir.es. ,p':ro,~:esrn!lJi\mIla es j? Q!.;i

mi~~ . - JIfiJ' .. dt1l '1UI1i-:""'~ - - ,',. -,iii.. - "~'i ~ . ~ ~ .""i~ -', "'~'"'~', .' ~ ~, .. , ,"' . "l,nii'i~: ~

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Wl,lDru ,fin to(ffiO ~l 41] % :PO:lf dJeilbajo Ide, l~ rnDIl,eclitll. d,e; tndf)\S ~~S JVUPJ'SJ d~ 'O~~'

na.clM. €'i'''1liii];Qi, i~~n:k~ ~~~~]·'i,\\oj;.,\"!~c"'J' 'o!in~""I·,ofI,AI;i:I, iIl:o::l, 'f!!l;"':;t;,1I'Il iF-AII"", '~~ '~~'iI]I;Ii"~;:!~~, ,1'i"!It;i:""",j"'~;i'!i;~.

~~ - -~ - U'!-;;:;~, ~l......l-~ _. _ 9.I,~~;t~~ ~~ ,_' ~~!Ull i' ~'~:!ll .:I-~ y~ l!J~ l "IiI_~~I=I, t~~ UIJo.i!~ lIHIJ_u~.'!iiria.-ua JlI,W_lIJJ~JJ ,Ii~

~I~S; d~ l,~~ ~if,~b~j ~£lllo:re~, de :Sie.fV'id (lU~] ,e~, 'q ~,e iC~S::~ un 'te:r.,c<iiO de es,tj~S,

'iflimnlc3dJ!l]s '1~Iiii"tiliiil!'il' 'U!FII!""' i;;r;:..fIl~j''''''"''''A:·.... :,"""iI:''''':, ........ IP.' :!Ii, ~ "" ! .. }~'1"".,."'!1:"", '''''''/''''' • ..,;,A:''''i,,"~I~' "'-!' m'O<:."" ~ - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -~~_!!l __ ~ 1ir.I~~!!o!!!~g~~Jv..~!I. ['HIJL~l~!IJ lllVJli !llIJ ~ ~l ,,~~II_!;I!\rtIJ~l ~-~ ~~_~_~u~_~ .. I!(!J . .)., _ ~ ~i(JJao

,d~] dJ~hle. cll~ la, mraiedli~, 'l mba]' aJbifUu. a ti,em1p~); 'perD:ida'l» '~~,. P\ai~. tr.at~[" ,dJ~ ,~). '~rd~~~~' '1IbOO"!!H ~~,iilii6[i :s~IIi1'me:twcii de, W~~ 't!rum'b:io~, :~;rO'!!me(;'ta~@\5 en rna e-s~crU~Il~.a .

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lOOlID,Etdj@illilJail ~ caill:cft1lrn~ WIltl 'mod~ID~1 d~ ~s;trnrulffit<ai ci[1J:uill ~I nillll plli'illcad~ ~~)e{11:dme:l1d'OI ,~ 1m, !d!@f~:Os, deruHJlmm[ls (i1(U~ 'jj·rofID~id~lmJa ot]1). e~m1@d~-! d):., S'irn'1\~- t .:; ' .. ·.b .' '~ ..

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~.

di~["f.I.b:1!JiOi6n del [eilMlJ.pleo :P'Q(f.' ·ool,]i~a~i6n! ,e;d;l!1~~Ld.dFII. [e :bJJg;r~~('t~ pa:ra .. ~ 992 (~~to~ 1"-e:aJ~ ~) }~. ltJ~.l~· {p;UO:fecc~"~~i) ~4 •. iE!DlIi!I];~·~e'i'l1ill do :~08 :inir-eso s me cHolS sem~~~l~ como el :i]1J;d~c.a;do.r· II,as db~e.cM) de ill:]' elit! rati1[ica-c:i.o,il, s:Qd}~'~~ ~O:[lJS,fBi ~~UJr-O ~Jlfilla·.Po.s ~oolale~;~ clase ,~'Ita, '[ejec,~ti~~~ y :p(m~~i.onilde~,][; ·~ma:se: .~di~. (t~CJ]~~~S :y ,@,b~~[;;Q~ ~~pe~~~Hzado:~)~ cl~.~ medi~. b~~,~, (Vie;wdedl@fef1~ O'~]~mm$!~~ '~' [~;p~r..8:r.io:s.)i;' 'y ·!Cma~~ b~Ja. (~lJilJf:y~·d@n~~ ~J~ ~~;t:v.icjoo "1 '~J'~.baj~.dJ(}·

fi '1'- i.v ~!. -_.,;~ - 'I '1- ~,~ - - r II. d- ~- ;('-·'1

res ,i1!Igt;ICO, .:illiiiiIJl'. \~-;@~v.I,iem,iid!(!Ii ,a, ca ,OIN~ llf :se:glW,n estas ca.tlegar!b8J5 W@S' aeos oe eu-

~es~:rl~ :reiSuU:6 'pa~a ill~, elase ~]b, '~D. :iilITi.CFe~l]1j;e4]~lO de ~'I]) cuota die empleo del

2;'-' '1f!j;f il>iffiI '1 frli1l'1i ""1 '4j,4':' -11! iIiV ""'!IJ ""I'iV'L~ .. .;1.:1 t::.) .. _, "I'"" 'l'u!IlJ\""'r"'"" ;~ .. ill"""" ,.."''''' 'fII""'''''' 'II.. ..,:~,.. S"'" .... -~},~.' 701 flir.l~ ~~~~~ ~ ,~~,~I 7C ~1~ Lltll\ll'~J ' :_ l ,[~ ':11 un ~ ~~";'.I'!' [1iJ!~~ •. ~~{U!~.I! ,r~·![IIJlJ!I~"1 l~II':'''J ~!I:"~~~

m~d:i~~, del ~[_'4~:l% ~ll,4,,3%, (=OJ); U~, d~~~Wi!~O pa:r.,a. la ,~~,aS!~. ro0(U~ b~j~" d em 41'%. ,'7'%, al 40~}f}%, 1[~2 ,'7):~ '''/ ~ U ,j nceemento :p\@'rm W~ elase [)aj[ili.~ del '1.-8,,91% al 21]% (+~,,~~].). :D(!!s b.~iCifut~ ~l:l~re(:~lTh ,co:m~l1:larr:uo: ·Pt]([ una parte, ha~' al niIJis.mo t~~nrnrpo U[I;al. B),e]'®f..i.:tl. relatlva del s:i~,1lie:ma. de [estr;0JJ]ir:i,Cc'.illJd6~. :~I' :!millifl1. te:~d,~n~iifli. :1'i1i.odJ~t',ad!a ~l;acilla ~a pO!~,a'r.,jD~i~il'iIJ ocupa,ciQ:nIL :rn!~liO $~ deb~ a. qJue liliS!J:Y e!!UW1e[fl:tO$ sim.l!.ilj~:t~Q,eQ$ ®Q:mr[:o en el ~!S:r['r~e co:m~[ en la base de~ Ia ~~~~~a. ~~cl~t, ~lIjtnq:l)j;~ ,~I. (t~l. \~Jt~oo es d,~ :I:WJ!lljl{):r wra,a;g,n:i.uul-

:P;a~.Gs, ~ho:ra a e{x.tJl~l]iI!l;af ~~S' pfore!!X,ioIl!e;s. SOb11f: el empleo :&" la estirilll~tl1!I:1:~ i@!l:iWp~c~@J.llI,al d!e, ]]';t1pO mil. Co(llI!h~'lITIll.OS, 001l. dOi5: p([oreociolIe s, RmI bas de{l. M'Irn1lrmruewo die Tw~ab8ln'o\" 'U:I1Jii!IJ de: emli1i:S! :p:ubUcHIJ,d a. en 1. Wi}!, haee uaa pro~reccidn ij)ilI'f,tj, 1[~~!1 ~1'~:95 ~r 2[OO~1 (oosandGSle en ~i!]5! da:t'@~ de 1900-'~ 985), L~I otrH~ 'Ulb:I].tad~ em t9g7,~ ru~[ haee :p~:r,a, t~9~t rg,95~. 20~O y 2m)j,,, i\:mb~]~, pra:y~eh'lin Wa. ~stnlclur.a de [e~ID,p'~eiO ,ai· pa'ru~r,' de la i'I]Jc:h1S~:r.i'iiI. 'Y la es,1:mJCluT;;'1, ocu-

- '~I '0' ;~ -.AI-;Ii '~I t, 'ii...., '~I j;,. ..:i '~I ~' .. ,. .AI 'II ~{"1.j

:pac:i.oJli.:tIJiIl. ,lIiOOiII,e Oe-cb:llli.uo lei, .8iuOJl':2I!Ir' seere ,.:t!l. ~!lJase. ae ,:8! II !IN, :p'I1iJI;fecc~O:[I! ce ,I<;'(ti,c:

po(r-q.ue, ,iiI,]]!Ill'IDue son :i@),ofljmme{D~~e. fitijb~ii!-$, e s m!Jlil~1 c]iB!t~U:ad;tll en 'los de~g]~~ , . -', - .r~,- '"'~- >s ". n"["~, iio.,"~t" 2{Xl~~ 13

p~iIr Hrn!!.l!.~~,""l'lIf.l. ~' Iie~i!; !I:!ofJl! .. ,~~" ':c ~'" •

Eill :[;~9g~[ [ltl~S, Si]~llru~i.~~'~~~~[ ,~ estas p~O'feud.o~es es el lento deseenso d~ ~ro;pl~~ iEd'ij~·tr.i~d en ~'~p6~1.! pese a la seeleraeion de SIU ~Tans;for,nm,a,cl6Jm [~'1 una soeiedad :j]l]!~O:r.IDt'i:a;d'O~}al Ell. ~a p~O:~fecd[61!l e$~:ad~;sH(;a de ]'98;7.~ el ~;~iP~.~Q' indiM'S[]':iillJm r,ep,lL"ese:llJtaiba ern 2:5~.9'% ea l[9fjJj y se :pr.oyectt1bH. que :p~~ftl~ljeO~wfa. ell ~u l~\~[9% del emjp~.,eo total en 2~~O,:t ~tool][-d!e:g]liMJS, q.ue~ en lao :pro:~~OOi:@\I ~stadiQ!l1im'i~@!]lliS!2 ~~, espe:r,;aJ1t.a. que este :lITJJ1]SINtG' t ipo de: e~pl.eo d~~~~lld~~~~. ~~l 1.7,;;:% en 1'990 al 1.- ,[o/~ en 2l0[i$,~ una ba:i~d,~. mueho mili:s :p'm[lJlJMl:l.dild~ desde mill a, base ,c(r)\D1U~fdeF'aJb:lenu~ill'~~ mr~r~~rr,;, J;~p6m ]Orgr:~. ,~t~ [e!St~bj]~~,ad ~'ehld~%l, dle les 'f.n:IA~s;t.co~ de ~~~ba!jo :i_li!Jd.c!']5,'tri~~I~" [Q~)nrn,:pe!i]~a:nJdo, 'L-~, [.4"; c: : -,~ ~c ~.~: ,'!'Ii,' 'I" 7~, ~':'!'If;"~''''''[:- _~ '1'!II~,i~t""~''''':mJ id~f!i, 0.0F!), :U!l!1,c.f1t}J!m'1il~rrutn~ reales [e;bru los

iiIJiS yeSCell81l]~ .,.;,1] ,,O~ ~..., .... !!.v= tl... , ~!!.L""",, I!.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .. ~. _. _ ... " _. _ . •• . _ _ _ _. "

,~ec~)()re~ :[!Iill,a.~ nij;~~i()S\! .. A~f ~(I~s.~ ,a:Ul~q:~H~: [~I. !I3~l:P~c?O' ea textiles (] e~dJe/lIlJd a. de~ - ,.':"'1 ~J1fi- 98.5, ~ll.;l % ~[[!. 2l005~ en ~~ :~:i~I'Il'~J)1 periodo el [e:mL~.:p~eo [e:rIJ ma[~,~~ar.ia ,r;~il~clt'r.i,c.0i. iiU.rn.m.elllad:a del ~"t.Th. % a~ ~.,$~[%. l;Q~, obreros lmH;~.tj]1,tID~!ioo~, d~~(l)ID1;i~.'lm~r'!~. de :f'©1f.m~ cC!([lsili~"~:D':.able~ [pe:ro los, paestos de trab~jG ea :laJ -tr~l· dJll[~t(,-:,ia. de ,pn)ce~~'mie~[iJfto ~',e ,3]rurneill.'ID~!lj ~Nae:~de:raiiJi'i d!(~~ 2,,4-~~ ~J 3"S~~,

~~ mbkL. 'i:U~[I.dro '@,

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rv1 ateri at c h ron i ony prawem autors kim

rv1 ateri at c h ron i ony prawem autors kim

,R~wpi~~'i~~i-IJ~';' ~ 'Wi'~t~~~ioo: (/(J.' ig ~slm~l:~t~' d)~' ~m,j'P$~[}' .J' ~~'f$ i~np'#cWl:c.,iv~,!es p~~ ~I~ ,~.~~i~ ~1Qt~~'\Olr~ti:'~it). d!f!o' r~ ~~ieiJ\iuii inf()t~~cill)~,~'(j'1

'La e.;~illuei6u bist:d:ri~ d~ lfIJ, '~S~l'Il~tl;Dr:~, dJ~ ~f~pl~l), '~Il m~ 'b~~~ d~ ~~ ~&-

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,ruil:ld!l!T.',il s~Ja '~ ,ilia, S:!J!:.JO 'lWlJ@mU[fO!iil'y:EIi, P!lJI,r, ~ a, renae III eta seen ar u~C~:t1 er au-

:liUliie'liJJruD' ~le~ :Itai, ~l~!lldmlcthida(il] ,dle\] :~:rnban'o! bltl'fJllI;iii'ElI;Q\" CUCIJ~dQ las :1:[[IJUO'Vciitc:lon es t~~nDID,gj~~ J [Mpilliliuij'~;i,~~, h~n :pedi}rn~1d:~; a ~Dmb:[\ecS, }¥' lUilfOie(rres obll,e.llie~f

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truv~~] ]~, [~ltrn~!l;;~i~m; y li0j, 'fami~i6n ~, ~oo ~~rvi~iO'~5 de consumo J ~] '~T~,b@jji(!!< ~~ ~~~;~i6n,! , [d~ U~~ ~~~~'!$\dl~, g~~, d;(j! 2J~t~'idad~~J '~';(l~it6w~~~~ ,a ij,'~ uai-

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:Pr.e4I1iO rniillJ :~i8~iOll',i~, de ~~ [~r-e(JjM'!if.idad ,buma'llIJ~ rei, :progr,eso ,e;~on6mko

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a ,,'0 ~iaj_l, g,li.!I[ ee lu;iili, ~U~!Ii,'",)d[,,!:~ se ,Ul~;tl [co l1Il'"tl}I!.!!~[ m IJ,C~ ias veees •.• e mo ~~!I)][ sun-

p~lstEli. 1~Q(11. la q~!E; se ihll '01S{;,lill~e'L1[d]!ll] e:~, e[lllj~;e:Dd~~J;rl,e.:ITh~,m ,0,0' oo[]o d~ nues- 1m :~tllado~ 81 IiUD '1~lEl~ie:n ~~ :DJUIlJe-slr'O, '~~~~~fO. La '¥e:~it6ml b~b;i~]J~, de esee :p:(@~e-iSo [d[e~ '~-rar[lSIDc~,6:m1i, bl~~ID[i~3J eemo un c~ulllJ~M(r)1 Ide :I(] ·as:r~}cul;h.!IJ:r,[I, ,~, la ~wdu5tda,~ Y' :l~el\@) a 1[(lj!5 :seJ!rV':i.'c{I.'Of~~ ,c~;m.'o[ ,m]~i,[:ieo' [e.x:p'Hc~ti,¥o :IH~,:r~ 1~;8 'ti:l1lJm!ilf!(1l(~~9J~[~fJ~$ ~~~~ al~~, 'e~ :~:l,le:$~:rH~ :so~~ed,~!lt~,f. .fuese:IiIJ~:~ tres [all,~§l '.n~.-ru~\filJJtaJlle~:

]j) :D,iiID, 'p@'li'~e mL~do ~n.rte, ex [.sill(e, 'tm[ll~, :ImDm~g,e;Dci,dad ~J]jtr~ ,~, tfaim_}~i,(:i6g de, ,~~ ~.ih;;I1I~~;uwm ;~ rn~ :iWird~JMlt[,i'a, ~~' de [r!~~~ a 10'~, l~~fil,ii?i():s" pa~~rrudlt~[ '~lIf ,ii.~1'~~1 m, ,a:mb~ip(di~d~di '~ ~m, clJi~'-e~~d,~cl, ~~t'~~~, Id~ las [a~ili'~d~d~~

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2;) NCij; 'j](f!~stiti!, :[titeRC~~rn1 SiU~WC[e~I~~ ,3. ~a Vt~~r.dld.er.:{j], n~t liJJ~al~:la, ~r., _'l\'cd,'u:~iirmW~~ d~ WS fllrue~,as 't~~I!1ti~@,g~ de :Ia, iiDiijrn1lJlCi6:r.i. que!, a~ :pe~j~i:f ~~- [:lli-,: ~~ ,A~-~~"" '-': '~1'Ii '~~rn'fi:~ fili. [~'~r~: A;itr'e:f~mnrteSi rnri;"i;.li"i;s; d~ ,~u::i~hi!id~d~~

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en iei~, :m~sm.o :pmce~ol 'i!J!e :P;[~\!I!I]~C~!ulii!il!], ~es~iliiu(nru y !!J!!..ISI('[,.I!J}~' il::~~' ~I ~$!j.n-

h~[eee una es~teiCh~ ,oo([[t~x'i.6n. es:tfiliicllnal arrrutr-e ]:a:~, e~fe:r,as de tt,a" bajQ " ~.~~~Q' ~~par.,adl~ d~ 'ft)~l~. ~r[~ft~~~11 pOllf' caLt:eifli~r,L:EIi~ ~~ladi!ii~

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J,) Oil",[(1~, ~a dJi~~grsi~d ~~tu!I1:~~l~ hi~tl!.6ri~~ ~' ~!~strut)W1l~lo!l~rn d~ J~I s,'O~i~ d8id~~H;1 ,1~!$Dllimd~., ,~ud '~~i!im;~l ,~L ~~ii~o d~ '~:[~~ lW~m :i~t~[d~f~~d:i~!l'~~ ~!Iru '~~ [~C~1mJ~lilIrl~lfIJ gh)b~~", JUiill' P'Ui~~,. el ~~:Iib~@1 ~m 'p':ar.:~ldiplJ8j, ~@~(l!~ . iII,;'t';<r,;i·', .ele ]!<'.ii, ii!'!i ........ dllh~..;{n '''':i ,[ ...... c-. "~!ai.C~~~:imJ;(i'1 'l~:etllG 'liI!JJ~~ir ,Q ~~ :1'~riiiO cl)~ ~ I.~

'!I!¥,,,,,.,yi);O(!l _~"'" !Iii l~'" '!;.!' _)"",,,,,,,,,.,vc.= h"=.'ViI!1!iIl ... ~L._ .... ~ __ ~ ~ ~ .. ,~~ !II!, ~"'" _1i-!! ~_ ...

R~as d.~~'eill"eml,'t~s'J! d~te:[ttiti~m:0ida~ :pu([" l~, U~f~oID~ri~ de ,~~d:2IJ, :~,Q~iiJ1d~d 'Jf' 1~Q:~' bli. :mll'6r.:t1Qd6,n d~ ~sm.s dli,'i.i'~rsas, ttr,a,}.1~ct'O:rfu815" S~ ~i!~'~ 'U]1JJii!IJ di~e;r.s].d!irud d e [etS'[f:!.WC~Ur.~.las de e:r:m!JIP:~}e"(!lJi(!!c~~p~ c.,i6 f\i, [(le;(Ii.~rj)] dJe~ paradIDgm:a. looMin de ~.~ sudedadl :~~ifo:ttIla,c.i'o'rn1~~.

:N'~es~r[a, O!hse'n,aoitl(:li, elmrrphica, de 1:8J, eli,!\o]lID,ci,on del empleo en ,b:1S, :p~iise.iS cl~m 6,..1 :ml1!DJ~lStrBi, ~~J:~Wl,QJi;, :r.~J~,'QS, oomJl!l!Il~S, :f~'~d'a.,~[lfQt~~ei$ ,q,'~e ~re~en ser

~ar,:;W~~I1.[isruic!l}s die Iss seeledades i'll~'or:lliffiljad'O:l1IJl!IJl~: "

ill [d~S,:1Iiii'i'lin,r,icid:I~, ii!'iim~ r.,m:~.i.'!i,1a d:tll~ !Ell!l!"Ir ii:'ii!tllO ~O'rf.ooda'~

~-~---lW-~ --~-~~I~~~~ --~. - -~ ~~=~~~-- ~l~ ~ ~~~.~

.1 [d~~JiiI~~; ;oo~~bl~ t~ d~] ~]b;IpL~o ~du~tri~~ u,adid.on~rn~,

llil e~~1'jj5o, '~lilalilJ de las ~emcl (!Ii de P([i~d.1l;O~~j6fib; oom.O de m[(lfli iSiOd~'le~, isob:tt'-e· i!tQdiOI <m!eJ los, i~i[~¥~~J~s: i'Ij, ~!m'5, ,em'[ieJS~f5j en ~~, :ptrii!l]lie~~, Ciii~;e~~d:a y ,~~S d~ ~amma.11!I. ~]ljj ~a :~~,G:l!!iOO~~,

ill ~d~~~~ dil,~~~~ili~~~wn (ft~: ~~9, ,a~~ti'\11cl~.td)~ d~ ~~ry.jci~~ oomo fU~Ii[,r. iii"",!!:: ld"" iif1".';:;'iIl~\Ii1i"1' de 'ttlf2lih'~"';-;,("

i"""~ I!.I!""" Ir''''''''''~''''';.\1~ ~ ~~ . '"'" D o;.)! ~

ill ,oo-"id!i]i ,8S,~1IDSO d~ ~~~ 'Pllit~9i1J~~ ~l~~g,'t~,,~~; 'pn~,!~~~~aJ~51 Y' ~~~~~~~ .' '~,Or.m~Gi,6mlli d,~ l!ll~ ,p'r,@il,eta,'r:~ado d e ,«!Cu,eW~@! 'b:~aJiIlOO(»,~ tOOIMP!!iJJj~S;L~' po,r [G]iDQ'i!llliiis~~@lSi J 'V1~]lJd,edore~;

.' [~~DfulUd:n.d r,e!1i'1!l],v,a, d!~ ~ua (;UDtaJ de [e;mp~e'01 [[i[D1IDI,!i!l~d~mbl~ 1~1!IJ [~I, [~~ :meK~a 'n1il~'fliOm~I~~

ill ~~:~£mlM[~emll:t,o ~i11if~ l]~Ui~1iH~O d.e ~j~~ iIliIh1e~ es m~iS ,~1jfj¥~duiS :Y ~~jo.'£!, de ~~l es'~truC1~I!Iir.~, (a~~~M,liQ.~~~~,

.1 ~fil'lel',@]":a. reJ a:t~ va, d:e, ~ 8, es·t'r;ililcmJ;~, (),'C~Ip.aclO:liiaJ!, a to margo de~ 'th:;,n~:po! ::y,a, 'qJlll!~ am Cf:,!2ci_~~IJ,iID(lI1 de l;w, eueta ,:;i&i.gpi'I;:1Iida, a las, ,ot:l!lIipa~~itlim1i~S qjue :r~:[q,iMl!',e;t,~iWJ :ma:lP1@F [f.Kre~para,ci6~, }~' ,ediii];~aci,61:1 !iil1W,p!er,ior [e4i [einJ propiDJrcj~6n IIllJaS, ~rne;v,f]d,o ~~!e ~] ol,~~ad\iJ' ~n ~cU 'CaJt:e,g!@fJm:S, dl~l, :1]~\I\el il!f~riiof,

'~'r ~c:.. ,.._ ~i:'i' ,,,,~\a Al",...:ii "i"":: .,..." .... ' fm' 'I"'" ~ltil ~ .;;.-..,.;ii "",,4:ii1 .rII "" '" ':'jllfl' ,I)"", m'ii "" '",,;,; 1 ,."IeI;; ~i',( "'" '",",,' "cJ" "'" "'"""In ,.,.11... <1':"" Jll1dV. l.ll~~, ~", ~~U-L~I!I_~,O-~' .~~_.-~ ~~O! ~~~1JJf.r.1Yd.iliJl ... ~ !V.IJ_~J fZ!."'lIJ_~~~.ll.ruI- !lr.~l~~.IJ.U ,._lD_~~~.V.~lIJiIlJJ_I~lnVI ~~

pre~f,aci~6;tru~ ,ed,!l.t,caei,an. [IIJ iIiiI'i,li',e{~: die ![-e~;t~!, :0], 8~, ~ISite,llllJii de: eSit[lIJt~~lQ;lac~,o]m" 'E~ 'i~lP~!Cm d~ 'MiDJaj, ,~S!'[i!!~C~llW~ de~ emrn:dJeo i'!l~go, supe41i1D:f en la ,e~~motl'li~aJ, :~Q'" ~~~ d~~~d~w, dl~ l:ai. '~~l;)\laic~',d~~: de las hW!5jti,'~~ciol1lJ~s, pa'[,a, :I.rnlo@~~\ra:r la ~e-

ilj'HtftdaJ '1~~~J.'lJJ~ :a hi m~ l(J dle !l!l~:r- - -""- r- C - ~-"~ -"" " " " ~ 1 C C ["-m'" ~ d" "

~.~f~"'"~_~~, ,~::~;.: _~,.~ ~ ,,) .: ~~II~.· ': ['n}~ :p~jJli(l! 'l~cu:m~e[l!irS!ill"!@i. ,JOS, '.'f:(:~ .. ·.~a o:[e~,

dle~ 'fQglI__.:i;li, profom©,:~ul'l :3, :!i1liliS! '~!iJiil1liocitrifidit'iIl.'tGS.

M aterial chroniony prawern autorskim

:P:~r tlM~[,~, :p~F1~;e, e{l, ,a:lilJa'U3:DS de: ma [f!,'Vtd,ud,on d;~¥e[e~,d~m die lns pa'iSie~ del Q .. :l mill~s'~r..a c;i~F~tln~ll'~~ ~ili~r~~, v,a.'[i:ac4~~ [~UUJ ~.Q(I.~ ~~t~ct)il!,'f~ <de "~nrup[]e~) y

~.' ".', ,';: . '.' 'I ;'i;, .';' ','"" ...... '!, " 'I ,", ,i:;. , , , ..,lI , ,': , •. 'd, .. . ... ~~;;. ~ .- ...... ~ .. - 'I" ~' ""I!

OClil!,~£TIill]\nlli!! '" ,Flit. f;'[ e45&\(]j, [Ue s U:talP, ,j!IL.car UI ,e:~~8:5:1::W· 01, eaee p.r.@ p~!D!.i,~[ , ~ ~Up!:Ji ~,e; ~

i51is de d!@s :mm:illelos, :Dmf'O'r,m~1tci,o.nam~ dj'f~[\~:nJ'~;~~:;

P E'I '>;i;'[lIHH:ni:i1!e:'10, cle; 18 eeonomia de: ,~ittr'~d@~:>;;,~ 'mi~w'G:stl:]!J,tadii) nor '~: L'J

, ,', ' .. 1 ....... ,j,. '"" .... , "Co ••• , •• ,' '!Ir'" ,'" '''''y)[',{~

~ "

Estades 'UIlMo.s ~ ,~I, R.e~I]D U:DIDido "Y Cawa.d~. S~ (;~r',~t~ri~~ p~(lj ll[1t~:

Tl!'~p'jcl~ [caJ(dJID!, ~eJ. ~g,l?ill~!O! :if!lj~h:~g;trj~] ~~s:d~ 1 ~trO; ~!ll~nd @l el rjuno :t:i~d~ el ililJ:~iQr_adoiJrl,~US;~~1 ~~ ~c~~~[;6. n~~pue.~ do ~tttljl~m- €l~ im~l·' n;fJj,d\o casi por [!p~~,])~~i;'®' ~os P'~~$~;Q~, de tf~Jbajj() m"gdoo~,a~; ~~t~ ~,Q.' [de~~ :pw-eseil1i;t3J una e.s.lJI:'iilliCtu:r,;iI, [de [~l!Th,tpLeo totalmente nueva donde la d~'fezte(mu r;:Jaci6.li] [e.;l!])~:re' lj,l'~Jia s ;~d:i.1i'[d ades de se :nlci.os, se [~[)(mIlv,ie [i:~;e [(i!llf;jj el e~,~melill!to C:1'ilr~e pa:~a, aJ[I;@j~mn1r :~8J ~l.mdilli;r.,a social, IEs,l[e: :~,o~' d~~~l :prig:ti7~, :I(l~ ~en~i"cID~1 d~ ,lle~th;]lJ!L -clem c~pill~;~d oobJ"-e los de, l~(m-, dj!!'[~~':1Q~~,:Y :~lli,~Il~ ~l)a!~i'd~tli~!~d:~l el ~~~~'~lr de ~~T\!iCthj!~ '~(].l,::i~m~t d~bi,d~ al ~~ci;a~lJma;r ~~~~i1JlS~ <d~ ~~S p~i~cSt,@~ d~ ~'f.,a,baJo ,~[JJ rua a,'t'~nCll~~ ala. .s:0lmll~ }!\ en m,il~tn,oll" m.edi~lao~ ~!IiiI1 €1lo'Uicaci,o[;,L ".f.8~m,b~ thru ss G::liF~£:I~,e~ "ri~a, :po(!' la expafli~Ii6[i, de ~ a, C.E'JiI~i~~nrl;t1, d!e; d~we oci,6!ll,~ IIl~e III ell uye U Ill!' nj_tJIil~"f@1 ooffi1lSiide{i:~ h~e, die eJe.;cu~ lvos ~1ed1iQS,

2) ,El ,«mQd~~(]; cl~ 'p',,~~(,h:u~d6tl ~~d~~tTi.~;~~,~, cl~[~m~nt!S ![~P:r.[~s~!J;,~;~cl~1 :po[' J~,p6tu, "I [~11lJ ~'ffili grado oom:&lde{r.a'[l,'b~ei :P[)([ ,A~le:iilru,~:LTilii!~l que" a~Jl[ljq,ue 'iamJb:i,e[[a, reduce Ia '(;Ji!I,o~tJj, de :S~: em1pl,e;o :i.[f!ld !ll'sh:-,i;@.j.W~, 'CO!l1IJti~:oa msnte:t:i]eDd~~o en ~Il ~rtI;hrel :rel~t]¥a'm,emllrte ,elev[ldo. (e:ll1lJ torno [I, un caarto de la nlitlJl:lO die obr,a)~ ell un IrIilD!\~~Illi[e\I1!~)Gi mueho ill~Is, gWilid;lIial,j que:

'F:lcCI;''"'"'' ilil';;,; ~I"", "'''''''' ..,iii~IP,,,","~i1i,,",,,,,,..,~i.h'r'I, .~I;:;Ii, 'I,"""" .,."",~,"i~' ."1I,,,,,...,!I,,"~ "l'n"AII'I~i-'r"I .. 'I"''' ""111!' "',I ,F'~oIj,[lm_~_I!blL~ l~G w~ .. ~~~l~ll!iCl~~LL}~.aJ ~~~!lV~.!~ !IU;'lP' ,'I3:Ij~ l!a~l!t I.i"~j ~t"k...Gl!Jlj~ ~1~.U'-"!l!~'II\ .. llt'\. ~;!i;.1l 'lr.I .. J 1!Ir.1,

ti.iL~;eti!,to :p~rnd]gma '~ociotOCi];tOO,. E(JJ efeeto, este :1ilIti1~rJe:~o '[\OO~c.e los :ple:~to:~, die tjf~fu,ajo iIUi,1ll!s~~f;hd~~], :mji,elil1i;t],,~Si q~,e r,~"r:uelrl~ ~~'[~, ~i(~th idad. ~n :p~"e OOWD ~6~Dtl; dl~ ,~~ta ()ri~Dt~iCi6n.; ~:,~~ ~~r:vi,do~ d~ 'p:!}~du~d'~]11 ~()t,!j m'~~bQ ~'s' jJ~wtp~;r.t~!liCj~~ 'qwt~ 1,'Os, :~:ll~llci~roo y pa.~ re~~flli esta;r ~}j~s, dIDd:-~H:,t!Hi!me.:llte' '~i~1iiCtlimado~ 'u0:D1l! ~a~ ~i'r.m as ~i11~~;lUf~c-,

. '~.'I'·.JI '" ~ u "..-iJ .AI f" .

'~;M!g;ems. ,~"",~, q~uere ,~ec~ne qiUe ~ ~~ ~c1:~j~f.J.~ ~Q;es '~m;~R';;le~~~, Iit~) ~e~1'lft

.' ~ I J 6 A'I 'd" ," d ~ d ., he d 'los ~,~po. 'fJ[1]i .es [t,1l. iil'IJpn ,:Y ., ,eHUIJFI'iaJ: _ieSJ,pues . e m o, ocr '~'.e "

dJl~z, :!:t~yQ~~~, b~m1~o~, ,~~ru :mu'~~jo ~(i~ l:~P@~'~~~' No ;fJlj ·UiJl1.'~'(,t, 8:tIJI1~ [~nil,~ 10$ ~~"rk;iOB, '~i~'8n~i~ro~, ~QP ~m[)'C~fi[a'f1ij~'~~1 :1f hilin ,ajl!il;m~:n~;arl!l)l SIlilJ

"" ,In' """ii,,," .;:Ii'1] ,,,. ,...", iJl,., "",,.., 11fI1''''' Iii' ",,;:Ii,'" "'" ~I ;JJ.I!'"'" '1·;:Ii ,i;; A ...:J;:;:o, ~I ... '[\;:;:10"" ;,i ""'" • ,;0' If'> '9',,~ .~ 'oil '" ,;;)I, ,...~,~ "I"'" "I' .~ "

[_l~ Pk.II!~ iii] f!ir", _, [l3l.£IH,!lI!.1'~~' lIf"!llIIl~ a w.~, !!p'll~ ~i!;l, lIL._ i~~ Pill ~W ipw" ~ r;.r Illl!llJ a'~ll!!'~~:U,lIlf~! flir.l.l!ll l.JfliP'!ll '!f' , Cf!r.l. ,I~.!I~

aiP~~~ce ~ifibl los ded:i,tl:iuj]j~~ a las [e;mpr,e;!il~s, ;r ~('i~ soeialee, Sin emb~["IQ!, J'apon ~~.[iJfllbile~nID :r-e$I!]~'taJ especiln,oo po(r-.(]~e m uestra un n~'~e:~ 'cQ:Il$li,(j] e;~i8itdJe:fllJ~'~Il~je tllli~eir iO([ de e m,~e,(!I1 em] seF"~"~ eios sOCii ales que eteas ~ocfed~des :in'f'O~m.ac[oniilles." ,~-s :prob~~lle qJue e"!'i[]ie ];~g~do! a su, es,tr~!r.ltrU'r.,~ fnwUibaJir ~~' tIJ, :~:tIJ m[l.1;Jo(IporaJc:~6il. de a i,gu:1!iI 00 servicios ~.c .. ~·,~,~.~" ,", ~I:~ . '~~"Ci""~i(~ ':.~ .r~\~. las 'f~,c:'~c~~"'~!if "' .• ' 'il!'2iC~~iHi[~(} 'll!l!f'EIDaH'~s ~{Jicg alJes, :a '~~l [e.;s~,[,!lliCi~J!llirn ~e· ,1J2Ij!1i1 ~~_rm(il:3., piilli~ ~!Oe· ""·c,~,, ~ ",,,'~,, c, .. 1. ,ill' ".' ,,!~L,

C,il![~ltt~,[ e ~;os~itJ~clO:~:'i;~l de m~~ '\i',~:!'~~~iliO:il~~ ,~J~ las estrueturas de ~mplfiO p~'[;~, ~~~r ~a dJi,li'~u~d~d d~ m~~ seeiedades ~u:fo(r,l]1jja,do~ales,,,

rv1 ateri at c h ron i ony prawem autors kim

iIC' "~,,.; C "C cdfjL ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ '" .r ~!' ~ • ~, l.., ,~' '~" ~I j' Ai" !f:R1'Ii!f:i Mf8i

.L~!L!J.,e:~ :De'iilll~3i§1~. t"f.tl!liil'tiI:tru. ·par.ece 1!iJ]!IT:lgl:Uie; ualCl3, e~ rttl.oiJC!'!O' ee ec.~",·.~(.,~~";~".

,AI,,"""! ." '.,,,, '""' :, ,e: ""'f~""' ",',C, ""Aic"'"II"'" iii-.,",," ",t"",nC","~,.c-,~.~' ~,c·"I'~f;,.·'!jfiliTriffi.n:t;m';'b·t·I!~'iI'!I'r.it;i""i;'!U'

ue, ~.,r"if.I.c.!i.oi~. ,I;~er:Q .1iIf:lI!_1~!e!I!IU!lIlu(]it una esse .i.illI.'UiI!!-Sd:'.la~, re 2IilLL,g.I'i!l.'I;i\~)I!!L""' ~ ~ ... '"' \llO'i s

d~nd@, i~1Wf~~s, t~Ujm~, a los ~~n[,cio~, de pro~uccjj6rf!IJ cOmOI ,a, las, mcili~le~,;, La

i::ii;;;JI' C' ~, ... iI!.'':'i; C":~i'ii""I,n.'I!~,;i'O~'A;;i!li' liJIi'irit'ii'''iJll; les :6 ... .i"'L'ifIi';-;,{~· .. ,<"i;!": ,f,1f;Jjfi'lo~""Q;. !lj_f- o:r;li;!otlm,.!Q;!Ula. ~!1!1 la U.fmi·om. "'4Il~lI!e!i.;1Jj11tll, V1u .... !,Ll!; j[Jj1l;,;!C!lJIJiW '!.;\IW 11-.1."'. .~ '!;.I"'V.\i!~I!.!I\b~~_I",,;;.'!' .1.11: (>I!!A_!L1'!II! J. llIJ ';.uu~ "~.~"""" ~~" " ~"

·EUllfr'~IM~a. :!tfli:1'!~de que ~Sit" ,ere·lndio UIIll:fll. d~v.iSiI,6'1l. del ~1'!i1LbEl!jc entre ,act~,;iffid!Eii.de~. de ,ge$'[~·'6'.:Ili ~~. :fanj;.gd~(If!lj q.!iJ.e ,~tIJ f!]tim~. W5<t3.tlic4~ p!J)dda. ~~~~;Eli:~~,ar. al !;}@oop~]];e~!~~ ,alem~ll de Jill. leoornIam~a europea e:JITIJII.,e:[&e~.ti:~. ~~ta~i;a, se C,~f~c~~-e .. :r.i~~l t'lO~' QC]\l5~rv,al' iC'<~s:i U~ ~arto d~l e-mpleo en piDsioiolITlJ de: iJiJl!],t6:nO:llrllo~!

'~l ~ _

~~'i:zIiis, ~nj[~'Odu~je,ll,cl!o ~u te ree iii' modeJ.o ,([t.~e" <IDe4iitacada, ~li d:isp!!Js:i.'~i,v'O !O;jf ....

~~l~~~~.~t]l difi~'f.,~'[OOm;~ l1a.$ad]~1 '~Il redes d~ :p~q:Iille:f:iaJS, :y m,edj;illj!LMI$ e:m,r;e;sa'S ~dapm1Sid~ alas ,cO:f1jdicl.©imt~s. ca~jbfua'I!ID~~s de ma. ece:mto!J!Thl'ia glo'bal~ ~mjl, mo Qiilie e~ta!'billeee([fal. ~ es d'~ utes ·n:iiifi. lI1.ij]aJ lfll'~!etesall'te t'r.,a'l'[tiillct~ II del '~roto i'nd:us-

,ir' [I,

tiFID~H~liiJilOI :il '~. p.]jlJto:bIIDlfnli]I(i.~e~o:lil(;~ ~&smo"

Las exp\r.1i!~I,Qi1es, dife:fiomutes, de estes m (It"1ie10 s en cad~, ·U!D.O de los l~~~~~ d~il (i;.,7' dJ~'$;juIDi!!I d~ StLW ·p'Oslcilrb~. 1~1i'I! ~a ~ooll,o:m~'a glob~t En otras pal a.~ bf'diS\~ OOJllJtl,~me· en ern ·~.odel0 de, eco:mOtlilli~:a, d)e. se;[1dcl't!!~~ .S:i.gil11ficaJ paiifa 'Um]

~(~"C"~ c~ ,""C~~i~·C'~iI'''::: .,'c.,,~·;·c,"Ac. ~cc '""f"C~"Cm~·.~~"~m~~c ;'le·"~Iii!A r.Q~~'~1l1I n~~:s iiTliWJ_;e; e~ .rejS!~u esta 1~lefC~e[(i'!.!!.O :~'!!I!J I1Z1!ne; lOt!! .;.;w ecenet .. im,~ 'Ye: nl!!!;.l!.l!l~ Cu_u

IF ~, J ,~·F .F

j~dIUcStr.,iaW, U :aJ5!usnci6nl :bwa:ril.~i!c:i'~a die ~a iIlleo~a ~~~twlld.lls~irial de '~fWl.~ :ios paJ~

= =

:5~S, ~.v';;i!m~;ad~s. ~r..fa'~ ~~(l!:tlQ~n~~S, d~ .~~]"v-.i(;;io.~, ~ ]~~ ~iUj~~~ ~v.atl~d~ :S~

~~p~~i;a]~"zar.f;~m en la agr..i~U1lilra 'Y ~,a ~ndU$tr..i~ l'IDa s~dI(~· f,'~d~i!llZ8,d~ p@1i. ~8. 'ell{;, . 7e~~cllia b ~~t,~m::ical-. A '10 ~~i[;t;;O' de, '~\()dJ~) e'~ 'fiiiHlW"i de 'riiiHlcll~ as ,eoO@;ul.;@1f(I'ioa"Q, ~~liii

J.] _ .. l .~]- ~ - - ~ l"'! •• -. lei·- ._ _._ ~ l."'! • _ru ~ l."'! ~J._ ..•...•.•. ~._ _ __ !!l

easi de ~~l!ib~t~ciuil" 'm~i2'i1I!'un~i\i oue ~,~, ,~c-f't'~d:~d:I2S ,a,~niJ~[Ji'I:a~. ,~ ·i!FJ;td1l!!,,~tr·:.'±Ii~'~

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