kq^n-khpw
ap-km-^nÀ-
a\pjy _p²n-bp-sSbpw
Nn´-bp-sSbpw ]¨-bmb ZrjvSn-
IÄsIm­v {]m]n-¡m-³ km[n-¡m¯
hn[-¯n Ahy-àX
- I
- fpw
kwi-b-§fpw Ah-ti-jn-¸n¨v- Nne
Imcy-§-sf-¡p-dn¨p kwkm-cn-¡p-Ibpw
AXn-k-¦oÀW-§-fmb ]mÀiz-L-S-I-
§Ä sIm­v Ahsb A\p-_-Ôn-¸n-
¡p-I-bmWv Bßo-b-X-bpsS Zpcq-l-
h¡-cW
- ¯
- n Nne aX-§Ä
kzoI-cn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ BZy Nph-Sv.
anÌn-kn-khpw
\- X bpw s]mXpkz`m- h hpw XS- b pI
B[ymXv a nI- X sb Zpcp- l - X - I Ä
\ndª- Hcp taJ-eb - m-¡p-hm-\mWv Nne
aX-§Ä {ian-¨n-«p-ÅX- .v ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-¯n-
sâbpw - N q- j W XÂ]- c - X - b p- s Sbpw
kzm[o\w BXvaob-Xsb Zpcq-la- m-¡p-¶-
Xn-ep-­v. lnµp-[Àa-hpw ss{IkvXh-X-
bpw PqX-a-X-hpw _p²-ZÀi-\-hpw aäp-sa-
Ãmw- BXvaob-Xsb Zpcq-l-X-bpsS Bh-
c-W-§Ä¡p Iogn Hfn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-Im-
Wmw. a\pjy _p²n-bp-sSbpw Nn´-bp-
sSbpw ]¨-bmb ZrjvSn-IÄsIm­v {]m]n-
¡m-³ km[n-¡m¯ hn[-¯n Ahy-à-
X-Ifpw kwi-b-§fpw Ah-ti-jn-¸n¨v-
Nne Imcy-§-sf-¡p-dn¨p kwkm-cn-¡p-
Ibpw AXn-k-¦oÀW-§-fmb ]mÀiz-L-
S-I-§Ä sIm­v Ahsb A\p-_-Ôn-
¸n-¡p-I-bmWv Bßo-b-X-bpsS Zpcq-l-
h¡-c-W-¯n Nne aX-§Ä kzoI-cn-
¨n-cn-¡p¶ BZy Nph-Sv. t\À¡p-t\sc
sNs¶-¯p-hm³ Ign-bm¯ Hcp aÞew
F¶ \ne-bn Bßo-b-Xsb \ne-
\nÀ¯nbmÂ- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-¯n\pw Nqj-
W-IÀ¡pw ]eXpw t\Sm³ Ign-bpw. aX-
¯n-sâbpw [Àa-¯ns³d-bpw kmÀh-P\ - o-
2007 G-{]n-Â- 41
F¶Xv A¯cw t\«-§-fn H¶mWv.-
BXvaob-hm-Zn, BXvaobm-Nm-cy³, B[ym-
X
- vanI Kpcp, hn-ip- ²
- ³, ssZh-{]oXn t\Sn-
b-h³ XpS-§nb ]e-Xcw Ir{Xna ]Z-§-
fpsS klm-bt- ¯msS hnizm-kn-IÄ¡n-S-
bn \S-¯p¶ hn`-P\w ]Ým-¯-e-
am¡n D¨-\o-N-¯-§Ä hfÀ¯p-Ibpw
Hcp hn`mKw asämcp hn`m-Ks¯ NqjWw
sN¿p-¶X - n-\pÅ Ah-kc- § - f
- p-­m-¡p-I-
bp-amWv B[ym-ßn-I-X-bpsS \nKq-V-
h¡- c - W - ¯ nsâ km[y- X - I - f nÂ
H¶mbn ]u-tcm-lnXyw ImWp-¶X - .v {Inkv
Xp-aXw DÄs]-sS ]e aX-§-fnsebpw-
]u-tcm-lnXyw \o§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv Cu
Zni-bn-em-Wv. ssZh-hn-izm-ks¯ ZpÀ{K-
l-amb {XnXzm-ib - ¯ - n _Ôn-¨X - p-hgn
ss{IkvXh ]u-tcm-lnXyw B[ymXvanI-
Xsb Nqj-tWm-]m-[n-bm-¡m-\pÅ \o¡-
§sf ]n´p-W-¨p.
B[ymXvanI-Xsb aX-¯nsâ ^e-
{]-Z-amb taJe F¶p ImWp-¶-Xn\p
]I-cw, AYhm aX-¯nsâ {]tbm-P\w
F¶ \ne-bn BXvaob-Xsb kzoI-cn-
¡p-¶-Xn-\p- ]-Icw aXs¯ kmam-\yw-þ-
A-km-am\yw F¶n-§s\ c­p- X«-mbn
 Ckvemansâ B[ymXvanI kcWn F¶ \ne-bn-emWv CS-¡m-e¯v Xkz-Æp^v ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-
¯-s¸-«-Xv. bYmÀY-¯n AXn\v Ckvemap-ambn bmsXmcp _Ô-hp-an-Ã. Ckvemansâ
BXvaobX Ckvemw Xs¶-bm-Wv. CkvemanI Pohn-X-¯n-eqsS km[y-am-Ip-¶-Xn Ihnªv
asäm¶pw Hcp apkvenan\v BXvaobX F¶ \ne-bn asä-hn-sS- \n¶pw e`n-¡m-\n-S-bnÃ
F¶-XmWv hkvXp-X.
Xncn-¡p-Ibpw B[ymXvanI-Xsb Akm-
am-\y-X-e-ambn ]u-tcm-lnXyw Nn{Xo-I-cn-
¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu hn`-P\w hgn-
bmbn ]e aX- § Ä¡pw Ah- b psS
{]tbm-P\w \jvS-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p. hnizm
knhÀK-¯n\pw ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-¯nse
AXn-am-\p-jÀ¡p-an-S-bn aXn-ep-IÄ
XoÀ¯ B[ymXvanI ZpÀhymJym-\§ - Ä
{InkvXp-aXwt]mepÅ henb aX-§sf
At§-bäw A[x-]X - n-¸n-¨p. hnizm-k¯ - n-
sâbpw IÀa-¯n-sâbpw kmÀh-P-\o-\-X-
bn-eqsS km[y-am-tI-­p¶ ka-Xz-hpw-
hnizm-k] - c- a- mb \oXn¨p \ntj-[n-¡s- ¸«
aXw Xs¶ sshPmXy IÂ]-\-I-fpsS
aÞ-ea- m-bn-¯oÀ¶p. temI¯v GXm­v
FÃm aX-§fpw t\cn« kam-\-X-bpÅ
Cu A[x-]-X-\-¯nÂ\n¶v Ckveman\p
am{X-amWv AXn-Po-h\w km[y-am-b-Xv.
B[-ymXvanI-X, BXvaob-X, aX-]-c-amb
kwip²n F¶n-h-bpsSsbÃmw Imcy-
¯n Ckvemw ]peÀ¯nb Pm{K-Xbpw
aqeym-[n-jTv n-Xa- mb {i²bpw Imc-Wa- mWv
Ckvemw AXn-Po-hn-¨-Xv. aX-¯nsâ
{]tbm-P\w htc-Wy-hn-`m-K-¯n-\p-am{Xw
bYm-hn[n e`n-¡p-Ibpw km[m-cW - ¡ - mÀ
aX-¯nsâ \ma-am-{X-amb hn[n-hn-e-¡p-
I-f-\p-k-cn¨v Pohn-¡p-Ibpw ]u-tcm-
lnXyw ASn-t¨Â]n-¡p¶ {Ia-§Ä
A\p-k-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ BXvaoI-þ-
AÂamb hn`-P\w {InkvXp-aX - s¯ Bg-
ta-dnb A[x-]-X-\-§-fn-te¡v \bn-¨-
t¸mÄ Ckvemw kpc-£n-X-ambn \ne-
\n¡p-I -Xs¶ sNbvXp. Ckvemansâ
Cu AXn-Po-h-\-tijn tNmÀ¯n-¡-f-bp-
¶-Xn-\pÅ D]-Pm-]-§Ä adp-]-£¯v
F¼mSpw \S-¡p-Ib - p-­m-bn. C¯cw D]-
Pm-]§- f- p-sSbpw KqVm-tem-N\ - I- f
- p-sSbpw
HcpÂ]-¶a- m-bn-cp¶p a[y-Im-eL - «- §
- f - nÂ
BhnÀ`-hn¨ Xkz-Æ-p^v AYhm kq^n-
kw. CkvemwaX -hn-izm-kn-Isf hn`m-Ko-
I-cn-¡p-Ibpw t{ijvTcpw km[m-cW - ¡ - m-
cp-ambn thÀXn-cn-¡p-Ib - pw sN-¿Â- Xkz
2007 G-{]n-Â-
Æp^nsâ e£y-am-bn-cp-¶p.
XkzÆp^nsâ Ncn{Xw
Ckvemansâ B[ymXvanI kcWn
F¶ \ne-bn-emWv CS-¡m-e¯v Xkz-
Æp^v ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«-Xv. bYmÀY-
¯n AXn\v Ckvemap-ambn bmsXmcp
_Ô-hp-an-Ã. Ckvemansâ BXvaobX
Ckvemw Xs¶-bm-Wv. CkvemanI Pohn-
X-¯n-eqsS km[y-am-Ip-¶X - n Ihnªv
asäm¶pw Hcp apkvenan\v BXvaobX
F¶ \ne-bn asä-hn-sS-\n¶pw e`n-¡m-
\n-S-bnà F¶-XmWv hkvXp-X. ]n¡m
e¯v BhnÀ`-hn-¨Xpw At\Iw _mly-
L-S-I-§-fnÂ\n¶v Dcp-¯n-cnªp h¶n-
«p-ÅX - p-amb Xkz-Æp-^ns\ Ckvemansâ
BXvaobX F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¨-hÀ¡p
c­p e£y-§-fp-­m-bn-cp-¶p.
(1).- Ckvemw AXnsâ bYmÀY cq]-
¯nepw kz`m-h-¯nepw BXvaob-Xsb
DÅ-S¡w sN¿-s¸« aX-ZÀi-\a- à F¶p
sXän-²-cn-¸n-¡p-I.-
(2).- A\-nkveman-I-amb ]cn-IÂ]-\-
IÄ AS-§nb Xkz-Æp^nte¡v hgn-Xn-
cn-¨p-hn-«p-sIm­v apkvenwIsf Ah-cpsS
aX-]-chpw hnizm-k-]-c-hp-amb hyàn-X-
bn \n¶v AI-äp-I. Cu c­p e£y-
§Ä¡m-bmWv Xkz-Æp^v hn\n-tbm-Kn-¡-
s¸-«X- v.
XkÆp-^n\v Ckveman-I-amb Hcp
Ncn-{Xtam ]Ým-¯tam k¦Â]n-¡mt\m
Is­-¯p-hmt\m km[y-a-Ã. F¶mÂ
hen¨p\o«nb Ncn- { X- ZpÀhym- J ym- \ -
§ÄsIm­v Xkz-Æp-^n\v B[n-Im-cn-I-
X-bp-­m-¡m³ {ia-§-fp-­m-bn. lnPvd-
bpsS ]e \qäm- ­ p- I Ä¡p- t ijw
BhnÀ`- h n¨ XkzÆp^v {]hm- N - I -
sâbpw At±-l-¯nsâ injy³am-cp-
sSbpw Ime¯p \ne-hn-ep-­m-bn-cp-¶p-
sh-¶pw, BZy-\q-äm-­nse apkvenw Pohn-
X-¯nsâ A´-Ê-¯bpw AI-¡m-¼p-
ambn Xkz-Æ-p^v hÀ¯n-¨n-cp¶p F¶pw
42
Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bp-­m-bn. {]hm-N-
Isâ t\Àinjy³am-cn NneÀ Adn-b-
s¸-«n-cp-¶Xv ""Akzv-lm_p-Êzp^v-^-''
F¶ t]cn-em-bn-cp-¶p. aX-]-T-\-¯n-epw
aX-]-c-amb \njvT-I-fn-epw {]hm-N-Is\
A\p-[m-h\w sN¿p-¶-Xnepw kPoh
{i²sNep¯n Pohn- ¨ n- c p¶ ChÀ
thdn« Hcp hn`m-Khpw t{ijvT P\-Xbpw
F¶ \ne-bn Adn-bs - ¸-Sm-\m-bn-cp-¶nÃ
{ian-¨n-cp-¶-Xv.
apkvenw Pohn-X-¯nsâ s]mXp [mc-
bn AWn-tNÀ¶p \n¶p-sIm­v apt¶m-
«p-t]m-b-h-cmWv Akzv-lm_p-Êz-p^v-^.-
Nne {]hm-NI injy³amÀ I¨-hSw
sNbvXpw aäp NneÀ sXmgn-se-Sp-¯pw
NneÀ Irjn sNbvXpw D]-Po-h\w Ign-
¨p-sh-¦n aäp-Nn-eÀ aX-]-T-\-¯n\pw
A[ym-]-\-¯n-\p-ambn kzPo-hnXw Dgn-
ªp-sh-¨p. C§s\ Úm\-¯n\pw
kq£va-amb Pohn-X-¯n-\m-h-iy-amb
A[ym-]-\-§Ä IqSp-X-embn tiJ-cn-
¡m\pw kabw Is­-¯n-b-hÀ Adn-b-
s¸-«- t]-cm-Wv- Akz-v-lm-_p-Êp^v^
F¶-Xv.- Ch-cn kq^n-If - psS apJ-Omb
ZÀin-¡p-¶Xv kq^n-k¯ - nsâ sshIr-X-
§sf \ymbo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw kzlm-_-
¯nsâ aX-]-c-amb al¯-zw \ntj-[n-
¡p-I-bpw sN¿p¶ Cc-«-ap-J-apÅ Hcp-X-
{´-amWv bYmÀY-¯nÂ. Akz-l v m-_p-Êzp-
-^v^sb, kq^n-I-fpsS BZy-Im-e-¡mÀ
F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶Xv- XoÀ¯pw Ncn-{X-hn-
cp-²hpw A]-I-S-I-c-hp-am-Wv.
A_q-b-ko-Zp-Â _nkvXman F¶
t]Àjy³ X¯-z-Nn-´-I-\mWv Xkz-Æ-p-
^nsâ Ncn-{X-¯nse Adn-b-s¸« BZy
D]-Úm-Xm-hv. kq^n-k-¯n\v ]mÝm-
Xyhpw aäp-amb Ncn-{X-]-T-\-§Ä D­m-
bn-«p-­v. CkvemanI kq^nkw F¶p
hnti-jn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ [mc-bpsS Ncn{Xw
Ah-ew-_n-¨mWv A_q-b-ko-Zp _nkv
Xm-ansb kq^n-k¯ - nsâ BZys¯ D]-
 t- aÂ]-dª \ne-]m-Sp-Is
{]hmNINcybpw ]Tn-¸n¡p-¶- CkvemanI ]mTm-he
apI-fn ]d-ª-sXm¶pw Xkz-Æp-^nsâ \nco-£-W-§-f-sÃ-¶pw, Xkz-Æp-^ns\ hnaÀin-
¡m-\mbn NneÀ t_m[-]qÀh-w D¶-bn-¡p¶ Nne Btcm-]-W-§Ä am{X-am-sW-¶p-amWv
kzq^n-{]-W-bn-I-fpsS \ymbo-I-cWw. AXn Ig-¼n-Ã.
Úm-Xm-hmbn KWn-¡p-¶-Xv. t]Àjy³
Ihn-bpw t]Àjy³ X¯-z-Nn-´-bpsS
B[n-Im-cn-I hàm-hp-am-bn-cp¶p A_q-
b-kn-Zp _nkvXm-an. CkvemwaX¯nÂ-
hniz-kn-¨t- ijw Xsâ ]qÀh-Ime Úm
\-¯n\v apkvenwIÄ¡n-S-bn {]Nm-c-ap-
­m-¡p-hm-\mbn At±lw \S-¯nb {ia-
§-fmWv kq^n-k¯ - n\v CkvemanI apJ-
Omb \ÂIp-¶-Xn F¯n-b-Xv. C¶v
CkvemanI kq^nkw F¶ Hcp {]tXyI
[mcsb ]n´p-W¡ - p-¶h
- Àt]mepw kq^n-
k-¯nsâ BZys¯ D]-Úm-Xmhv F¶
\ne-bn Nq­n-¡m-«p-¶-Xv A_q-b-ko-
Zp _nkvXm-an-sb-¯-s¶-bm-Wv;- {]hm-
N-Is\(e )-b-Ã. kq^n-k-¯nsâ Ncn-
{Xs¯ \ymbo-Ic- n-¡p-hm-\mWv _nkvXm-
an¡p ap¼pÅ L«-s¯-¡-p-dn¨ ]cmaÀ
in-¡p-¶X- v.
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ bYmÀY- Ncn{Xw
kq^n-k-¯n\v asämcp Ncn-{X-ap-­v.
AXmWv ]mÝmXy ]T-\-§-fn IS-¶p-
h-cp-¶-Xv. Ckveman-Isâ BhnÀ`m-h-
¯n\p ap¼v {Koknse tkm^n-Ìp-I-fpw
t\mÌn-¡p-Ifpw tdmanse CukvsXän-¡p-
I-fpw blq-Za- X- ¯
- nse leq-kn-Ìp-Ifpw
]n´p-SÀ¶p-h¶ - n-cp¶ hnhn[Xcw Nn´m-
K-Xn-I-fpsS Hcp ka-\zb cq]w ]n¡m-
e¯v GXm­v F-.-Un. 300t\mSSp-¯-Im-
e-¯mbn BhnÀ`-hn-¨n-cp-¶p. CtXm-Sp-
IqSn t]Àjy³ X¯-z-Nn-´-bpsS Nne
LS-I§ - Ä IqSn tNÀ¶-t¸mÄ FÃm aX-
§Ä¡pw D]-cn-bmb Hcp AXn-am-\pj
ZÀi-\-ambn AXp hnImkw {]m]n-¨p.
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ Ncn{Xw At\z-jn-¡p-Ib - pw
tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sNbvXn-«pÅ ]mÝm-
XyÀ Cu hgn-bn-eq-sS-bmWp \o§n-bn-«p-
Å-Xv. AXm-bXv Ckvemansâ BhnÀ`m-
h-¯n\p ap¼p-Xs¶ Xkz-Æp-^nsâ BZn-
cq]w \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶psh¦nepw ]n¶oSv
Ckvemansâ BhnÀ`m-h-¯n-\p-tijw
Xkz-Æp^v CkvemanI kwÚ-Ifpw
2007 G-{]n-Â-
- fÃmw Ckvemw aX-¯n\v hncp-²hpw hnip² JpÀ-B\pw
- n¡p t\Àhn-]c
- o-Xh
- p-am-Wv. F¶mÂ
kt¦-X§ - fpw kzoI-cn-¨p-sIm­v hnI-kn-
¸n-¡p-Ib - p-­m-bn. t]Àjy³- X¯-zN - n-´-
bpsS LS-I-§sf IqSnb tXmXn-embn
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm­v CkvemanI
Xkz-Æq^v Hcp t]Àjy³ Omb kzoI-
cn-¨p. AtXkabw Ad-_n-]Z- m-he - n-Ifpw
kmt¦-XnI]Z-§fpw Xkz-Æp-^n \ne-
\n¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ckvemao-I-c-W-
¯n\p hnt[-b-am-¡-s¸« Xkz-Æp-^nÂ
CkvemanI Omb-bpÅ LS-I§ - Ä F¶
\ne-bn {]I-Sa- mb km¶n-[y-ad- n-bn-¨Xv
Ad-_n-þ-t]Àjy³ ]Z-§fpw aäp-am-Wv.
adn¨v kmkvIm-cn-I-amb LS-I-§fpw
Bi-b§ - fpw X¯-z§ - f- p-saÃmw t]Àjy
³ X¯-zN - n-´b
- p-sSbpw AXn\p ap¼pÅ
an{inX \nKqV ZÀi-\¯ - n-sâbpw tijn-
¸p-I-fm-Wvþ C{X-bp-amWv Xkz-Æp-^n-s\-
¡- p - d n- ¨ pÅ ]mÝmXy ]T- \ - § - f psS
BsI-¯p-Ibpw DÅ-S-¡-hpw. ]t£,-
kq^n-ks¯ Ckvemao-I-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ
]mÝmXy Ncn{XImc³am-cpsS kq^o-N-
cn{Xw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶n-Ã.
X¯z-§Ä
Xkz-Æ-p^v CkvemwaX-s¯ hn-I-e-
am-¡p-¶- Hcp X¯-z-imkv{X kap-Ñ-b-am-
Wv. aX-t¯mSp t\À¡p-t\sc FXn-cm-
Ip¶ ]e Bi-b-L-S-I-§epw AXn-ep-
­v. Ckveman-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ kmam-\y-
t_m-[¯ - nsâ ASn-Øm-\¯ - n Xk-zÆ- p-
^ns\ hne-bn-cp-¯p-t¼mÄ hntbm-Pn-
¸nsâ taJ-e-IÄ Ch-bmWv:
(1).- Ckvemw BXvaob-amb ]mI-X
tbm ]Iz-Xtbm DÅ aX-a-Ã. AXn-\mÂ
a\p-jysâ BXvaob-amb Bh-iy-§Ä¡v
Ckvemw aXn-bm-In-Ã.
(2).- {kjvSm-hn F¯n-t¨-cp-hm³
Xkz- Æ p- ^ n- e qsS am{Xta km[n- ¡ q.
Ckvemw A¯-cs - amcp ØnXn {]m]n-¡p-
hm³ ]cym-]vX-a-Ã.
(3).- aX-¯nsâ ]pdw-tXm-Sp-am-{X-amWv
{]hm-N-I³ {]t_m-[\w sNbvX Imcy-
43
§Ä.
-(4).- Znhy-Úm-\-¯nsâ t{kmXÊv
AÃm-lp-thm, apl-½Zv \_n(-e)tbm A-
Ã.- Aen(-t)bpw At±-l-¯nsâ ]n³Km-
an-I-fmb GXm\pw ioCu Kpc-¡³am-cp-
am-Wv.
(5).- Xkz-Æ-p-^nsâ hgn-bn {]th-
in-¡p-Ibpw Gsd Zqcw apt¶m«p t]mhp-
Ibpw sNbvXm aX-¯nÂ\n¶pw hy
àn kzX-{´-\m-bn. aX\nb-a§ - Ä ]n¶o-
Sp-h¶p _m[-I-ta-b-Ã.
(6).- a\p-jyÀ¡v ssZh-t¯mfw Hu¶
Xyw {]m]n-¡p-hm-\pÅ amÀK-amWv Xkz-
Æq-^v. Ckvemw C¯cw Hcp km[y-Xsb-
¡p-dn¨p ]cm-aÀin-¡p-t¶-bn-Ã. AXn-
\m B[-ym-ßn-IX Ckvema-Ã;- Xkz-
Æ-p^
- m-Wv.-
(7).- aX-s¯-¡mÄ D]-cn-bmb ]cn-K-
W-\b - Àln-¡p-¶Xv Xkz-Æp-^m-Wv. AY
hm aXw Dt]-£n¨pw ]n´p-St- c-­X - mWv
kzq^n-kw-.-
t- aÂ]-dª \ne-]m-Sp-Is - fÃmw Ckv
emw aX-¯n\v hncp-²hpw hnip² JpÀ-
B\pw {]hm-NI Ncybpw ]Tn-¸n¡p-¶-
CkvemanI ]mTm-h-en¡p t\Àhn-]-co-X-
hp- a m- W v . F¶m apI- f n ]d- ª -
sXm¶pw Xkz-Æp-^nsâ \nco-£-W-§-
f-sÃ-¶pw, Xkz-Æp-^ns\ hnaÀin-¡m-
\mbn NneÀ t_m[-]qÀh-w D¶-bn-¡p¶
Nne Btcm-]-W-§Ä am{X-am-sW-¶p-
amWv kzq^n-{]-W-bn-I-fpsS \ymbo-I-c
Ww. AXn Ig-¼n-Ã.
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ LS\
aX-¯nÂ\n¶v thdn« Hcp-L-S-\bpw
{Iahpw ]peÀ¯p-¶-Xm-Wv Xkz-Æp-^v.
Ckvemansâ aX-]-c-amb coXn-IÄ¡pw
{Ia-§Ä¡p-sam¶pw Xkz-Æp-^n Øm
\-an-Ã. Xkz-Æp-^nsâ Xn³a-I-fn Gä
hpw A]-IS- I
- c- a- mb H¶v {]hm-NI- X
- z-¯n
\v AXv bmsXmcp hnebpw \nebpw IÂ
]n-¡p-¶nà F¶-Xm-Wv. {]hm-NI - m-[ym-]-
 injys\ kw_-Ôn¨v I¬I­ ssZh-ambn Xzco-J¯
injysâ BXvamhpw ico-chpw ssiJn\p kaÀ¸n¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡W
taJ-e-I-fnepw kq^o-k-c-Wn-bn-te¡p IS-¡p-¶-h³ AwKo-I-cn-t¡-­Xv ssiJnsâ
\-§f - \
- p-kc- n¨v PohnXw {Iao-Ic- n-¡p-hm-
\pÅ aX-¯nsâ Blzm-\¯ - n-\p-]I - cw,
Xkz-Æp^v aäp Nne-XmWv Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-
¶-Xv. Xkz-Æp-^nsâ Imcy-{I-a-§Ä ]cn-
tim-[n-¡p-t¼mÄ C\n-]-d-bp-¶h AXn-
ep-ÅX - mbn ImWmw:
(1).- Xzco-J-¯p-IÄ.- (2).- ssiJ.-v (3).-
ss_A-¯v.- (4).- JnÀI.- (5).- apcoZ.-v (6).-
XzmA¯v.- (7).- X_Àdp¡v.- (8).- k\Z.-v
(9).- ZnIvÀ.- (10).- aA-vcn^¯v þ CXv {Iam-
\p-K-X-amb tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯-e-Ã. Xkz-Æp-
^n D]-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ kwÚ-þ-{I-
a-§-fn NneXv F®n-¸-dªp F¶p-am-
{Xw.
Xzco-J¯
- p-IÄ
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ {]mtbm-Kn-Ic- q]w Xzco-
J¯p-If - m-W.v hnhn[ Ime-L«- §
- f- n-embn
Pohn¨ kzq^o-Kp-cp-¡³amÀ Bhnjv¡
cn-¨-h-bmWv- Hmtcm Xzco-J-¯pw.- AhÀ
Ah-cp-tS-Xmb coXn-bn Nne BNm-c-
§fpw Bi-b-§fpw hnizm-k-§fpw
DÄt¨À¯p-sIm­v cq]o-Ic- n¨ kam-´c
aX-§f - mWv kXy-¯n Xzco-J¯ - p-IÄ.
Cu kam-´c kz`mhw Xs¶-bmWv Xzco-
J-¯p-I-fpsS A]-I-Shpw. aX-¯nsâ
\nÀtZ-i-§-fn Hmtcm-¶n\pw _Z-emb
\nÀtZ-i-§Ä Xkz-Æp-^n Ah-X-cn-¸n-
¡p-¶p-­v. AÃmlphnepÅ hnizm-kw-
sXm«v ac-Wm-\-´c Pohn-X-s¯-¡p-dn-
¨pÅ hÀW-\-Ifpw hnh-c-W-§fpwhsc
kam-´-c-ho-£-W-¯n Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-
¶-h-bmWv Xzco-J¯p-IÄ. aX-¯nÂ
GXp coXn-bn-emWv Hcp- X¯-zw ]d-bp-
¶Xv B coXn-tbmSv hn]-co-X-ambn Xzco-
J¯p-IÄ AtX X¯-zw {]kvXm-h-n-¡p-
¶p.
Ckvemansâ ASn-Øm\ X¯-z-amb
XuloZv AYhm GI-ssZ-hm-ZÀiw -
t]mepw Xzco-J¯p-IÄ hnI-e-am-¡p-¶p-
­v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn-c- iYvY-mcn¿x- F¶
Xzco-J¯v Xulo-Zn\p \ÂIp¶ hni-Zo-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
- n ssiJv {]Xn-jvTn-¡s
- ¸-Sp-¶p.
- w. Pohn-X¯
- nsâ \nJne
\nÀtZi-§fpw IÂ]-\-I-fp-am-Wv.
I-cWw C{]-Im-ca- mWv: ""XuloZv {kjvSm-
hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« X¯-zaÃ. krjvSn-I-
fpsS ]c-kv]c _Ôhpw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-
bhpw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ kmt¦-Xn-I -]-Z-
am-W-Xv. Hcp ssiJnsâ Iogn At±-
ls¯ AwKo-I-cn¨v GXm\pw injy-K-
W-§Ä H¶n-¨n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ic-KX - a- m-Ip
¶ BXvaob-amb DWÀhmWv \½psS
Kpcp- \ m- Y ³amÀ ]Tn- ¸ n¨X\p- k - c n¨v
XuloZv F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶Xv''
(A¯z-co-J¯p-ÈYvYmcn¿x,-- 2/130).
{]hm-NI ZuXy-s¯bpw B ZuXy-
¯nsâ {]m[m-\y-s¯bpw Ipdn¨v Ckv
emw ]peÀ¯p¶ [mc-W-¡p- hn-cp-²-am
Wv Xzco-J¯ - p-If - n Nne-Xnsâ [mc-W.
Hcp kq^o-{K-Ù¯ - n Fgp-Xp¶p: ""apl-
½Zv \_n(-e) Hcp ktµ-i-hm-l-I-\m-bn-
cp-¶n-Ã. At±lw {]]-©-¯nepw {]Ir-
Xn-bnepw D­m-bn-cp¶ Nne kqN-\-I-fp-
sSbpw AS-bm-f-§-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-
¯n {]Ir-Xn-bn \n¶p ]Tn-s¨-Sp-
¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä hni-Zo-I-cn¨p sImSp-
¡-bmWp sNbvX-Xv. B[-ym-ßnI Kpcp-
¡³amÀ \nÀh-ln-¡p¶ ZuXyhpw CXp
Xs¶-bm-Wv. cn-kme¯ns\ Hcp Xncn-sh-
«-ambn k¦Â]n-¨m AXn \n¶p
]IÀ¯-s¸-Sp¶ henb henb {]Im-i-
§-fmWv Xzco-J¯p-IÄ. cnkm-e¯ - nsâ
ktµ-i§ - s - f-¡mÄ a\p-jy-cm-in¡v IqSp-
XÂ hyà-amb shfn-¨hpw amÀK-ZÀi-
\hpw \ÂIp-¶Xv Xzco-J¯p-I-fm-Wv''
(Xz-co-J¯- pÊplvcn¿ 1/69).- {]hm-NI - X- z-
s¯-¡mÄ anI-¨-XmWv Xzco-J¯p-IÄ
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶ hnIe kn²m-´-§Ä
F¶p hmZn-¡p¶ Bi-b-ssh-I-ey-¯n
sâ A´À[m-c-I-fmWv Hmtcm kq^o-k-
c-Wn-bpw- F¶ÀY-w!
ssiJv
Xzco-J¯
- nse B[-ymXvanI BNm-cy-
\mWv ssiJv. ssiJn-eq-sS-bmWv B[ym-
XvanIX Ic-KX- a- m-hpI F¶mWv XzcoJ-
44
¯n-epÅ ASn-Øm-\-]-c-amb X¯-zw.
Ckveman\v A\y-amWv C¯-c-samcp
ssiJv k¦Â]w. kq£va-amb Xe-
¯n Cu ssiJv k¦Â]w BÄssZh
k¦Â]- t ¯mfw hf- c p- ¶ Xv hnhn[
kq^n-{K٧fn ImWmw. injys\
kw_-Ôn¨v I¬I­ ssZh-ambn Xzco-
J-¯n ssiJv {]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
injysâ BXvamhpw ico-chpw ssiJn
\p kaÀ¸n¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡-Ww. Pohn-X-¯n
sâ \nJne taJ-eI - f
- nepw kq^o-kc- W - n-
bn-te¡p IS-¡p-¶-h³ AwKo-I-cn-t¡-
­Xv ssiJnsâ \nÀtZi-§fpw IÂ]-
\-If - p-am-W.v amÀK-ZÀi-I\pw hgn-Im-«nbpw
F¶ kmam-\y-Xe - ¯ - n\v A¸pdw IS-¶p-
sN¶v kq^o-amÀK-¯n IS¶p sN¶
hyàn-bpsS c£-I-\pw Bcm-[y-\pw
ssZh-hp-ambn Xkz-Æp-^nse ssiJv
{]Xn-jvTn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. Nne {KÙ-§-fnÂ
Fgp-Xp-¶p:-
""Hcp injy³ Ahsâ B[-ym-ßnI
t]mcm-«-¯n i{Xp-hnsâ X{´-§Ä
XIÀ¯v Ahs\ Iogvs]-Sp-¯p¶ ]cn-
WnX {]Ú\pw AXn-am-\p-j-\p-amb
hyànsb B{i-bn-t¡-­X - p-­.v {]kvXp
X hyàn imco-cn-I-amb XrjvW-Isf
\nco-£n-¨-dn-bp-¶-h\pw ]nim-Nnsâ D]-
Pm-]-§Ä a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-h-\pw Nph-Sp-
sh-bv]p-I-fnse ]ng-IÄ hyh-tO-Zn-¨-dn-
bp-¶-h-\pw Bbn-cn¡pw'' (AÂakv-e-Ip-
Ê-Zo-Zv Cem lJ-oJ - ¯n¯ulo-Zv, t]Pv
73).-
""hyàn-Xz-¯n ]qÀW-X -{]m-]n-¨-
h-cn Hcmsf ssiJmbn sXc-sª-Sp-
t¡-­-Xm-Wv. B ssiJv {]hm-N-I-\nÂ
F¯p¶ ]c-¼c- t- bm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh - \
- m-bn-cn-¡-
Ww. AÃm-lp-hn-s\-¡p-dn¨v {]Xy-£-
¯n Adn-bn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡m³ {]m]vX³.
AÃm- l p- h n- t e¡p \S- s ¶- ¯ p- h m³
klm-bn-¡p-¶-hÀ. A¯cw Hcp ssiJv
CÃm-¯h - \v ssiJm-bn-cn-¡pI ]nim-Nm-
 Cu coXn-bn Hcp hyàn- Kp-cp-hns\ kzoI-cn-¡pI F¶-Xn-sâ-bÀY-w Ah³ asämcp
aX¯n-te ¡p {]th-in-¡pI F¶m-Wv. Imc-Ww apkvenambn Pohn¨phcp¶ hyàn
Iena¯p-¯u-loZv ]pXp-Xmbn sNmÃn Hcp amÀK-¯n {]th-in-¡pI F¶-Xnsâ kmam\y
AÀY-w Ah³ ap¼v Ckvemam-bn-cp-¶nà F¶m-Wv.
bn-cn¡pw'' (X³hodp J-peq-_v-þ453).-
""BXvain-£-I-\mb Hcp ssiJ-ns\
{]m]n-¡m-¯-h³ F{X-h-enb Úm\n
tbm ]Þn-Xt\m Bcm-[-\-¡m-ct\m
Bbm-epw {]tbm-P-\-an-Ã. \mw hf-sc-b-
[nIw \nkvIcn-¨p, t\ms¼-Sp-¯p, hf-
sc-b-[nIw ]cn-Xym-K-a-\p-`-hn-¨p, AÃm-
lpsh AXy-[nIw kvacn-¨p, JpÀB³
[mcm-fa- mbn ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp, CsXm-
s¡-bm-bmepw B´-cn-ImÀY§Ä {Kln-
¡m³ tbmKy-\mb Hcp hyàn-bp-ambn
\mw kl-hk - n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p¶ Ime-t¯m
fw \ap¡v \½psS lrZ-bs¯ Adn-bm
t\m B´-cn-ImÀY-§-fpsS a[pcw A\p-
`-hn-¡mt\m Ign-bnÃ'' (i-d-lp lnIw
þ 541).-
aX-¯nsâ bYmÀY- X¯-z§ - fpw ZÀi-
\-§-fp-ambn C¯-c-samcp B[ymXvanI
BNmcy k¦Â]¯n\p bmsXmcp _
Ôtam IS-¸mtSm CÃ F¶XmWp hkv
Xp-X. hnip² JpÀB\n-sâbpw {]hm-
NI Ncy-bp-sSbpw A\p-[m-h\ - ¯
- n-eqsS
km[y-am-Ip¶ aX-]c- a- mb Pohn-X¯ - nÂ
C¯cw AXn-am-\p-j-\mb hyànsb
]n´p-Sc- pI F¶ k¦Â]-¯n\p Øm\-
an-Ã. Cu Xe-¯n-emWp Ckvemw Xkz-
Æp-^p-ambn hntbm-Pn-¡p-¶X - v. Xkz-Æp^v
A\nkveman-Ia- m-Ip-¶Xpw C§-s\-bm-W.v
ss_A¯v
kzq^o-amÀK-¯n {]th-in¨ hy
àn Xzco-J¯v sXc-sª-Sp-¡p-Ibpw
ssiJ-ns\ Is­-¯p-Ibpw sNbvX-ti
jw ]n¶oSp sNt¿-­Xv B ssi-Jns\
ss_A¯v (A-\p-[m-h\ DS-¼S- n) sN¿p-
I-bm-Wv. Hcp kzq^o-{KÙ-¯n Fgp-
Xp¶p: ""]cn-]qÀW--\mb Hcp ssiJns\
Is­-¯n-bm ]ns¶ sNt¿-­Xv At±-
l-t¯mSv A\p-[m-h\ DS-¼-Sn-bn GÀ
s]Sp-Ibpw At±-ls¯ ]n´p-S-cp-I-bp-
am-Wv. Bssi-JnÂ\n¶v Ien-a¯ - p-¯u- -
loZv Ah³ tI«p kzoI-cn-¡W - w'' (AÂ
2007 G-{]n-Â-
akveI-p-Ê-Zo-Zvþ83).- Cu coXn-bn Hcp
hyàn- Kp-cp-hns\ kzoI-cn-¡pI F¶-
Xn-sâ-bÀY-w Ah³ asämcp aX-¯n-te
¡p {]th-in-¡pI F¶m-Wv. Imc-Ww
apkvenambn Pohn¨phcp¶ hyàn Ien-
a-¯p-¯u-loZv ]pXp-Xmbn sNmÃn Hcp
amÀK-¯n {]th-in-¡pI F¶-Xnsâ
kmam\y AÀY-w Ah³ ap¼v Ckvemam-
bn-cp-¶nà F¶m-Wv.
JnÀJ-
kq^n-If - psS NnÓ-hk- vXp-hmWv JnÀ
J- F¶v Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. CXv kzq^n-
I-fpsS Hcp {]tXyI kq¶¯v AYh-m-
N-cy-bmWv F´mWv kq^o-{K-Ù-§Ä
]cn-bs- ¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv: ""kq^n-If - psS amÀK-
¯n {]th-in-¡pI F¶Xv injysâ
Pohn-X-¯nse ]cn-hÀ¯-\-¯nsâ Hcp
_nµp-hm-I-bm ""JnÀJ-'' F¶ Øm\-
hkv{Xw [cn-¡Â \Ã-Xm-sW¶v Kpcp-
¡³amÀ Xocp-am-\n-¨p. AXv A\p-im-kn-
¡p-Ibpw AXp-aqew injy\v BXvass[
cyhpw A\p-{K-lhpw AhÀ hn`m-h\w
sN¿p-Ibpw sNbvXp'' (AÂakveIp-Ê-
Zo-Zþ-v 90).-
""Kpcp-hn\v Xsâ injy-\n-epÅ ssI
ImcyIÀXr- X z- ¯ nsâ AS- b m- f - a mWv
JnÀJ-. injy³ Kpcp-hn\v Xs¶ kaÀ¸n-
¡p-¶X - n-sâbpw Imc-Ww, hn`n-¶§ - f
- mb
hkv{X-§f - n-te¡pw `£-W§ - f - n-te¡pw
Nmbp¶ lrZ-b§ - sf ]nSn-¨p-\nÀ¯phm
³ apco-Zn\v JnÀJ- klm-b-I-am-Ip-¶p.
Kpcp-hnsâ hn[n-sbbpw sXc-sª-Sp¸n
s\bpw AwKo-Ic- n-¡p-Ib - mWv AXp-hgn''
(A-tX-Ir-Xn-þ93).-
C¯-c-samcp thjtam BNm-ctam
Ckvemw ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. {]hm-
N-Isâ A[ym-]-\-§-fntem hnip²
JpÀB\nse \nÀtZ-i-§-fntem- Cu
thjhn[m\w ]cm-aÀin-¡-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã.
aX-¯n\p _mly-amb Cu B[-ymXvanI
bqWnt^mw Ckvemansâ coXn-bà F¶p
45
hyà-am-Wv.
apcoZv
Xkz-Æq-^nsâ `mj-bnÂ, Kpcp-hn\v
Iosgm-Xp-§p¶ hnt[b injy-\mWv
apcoZv F¶-dn-bs- ¸-Sp-¶X - .v Hcp km[m-cW
aX-hn-izm-kn-bnÂ\n¶pw BXvaobm-t\z-j-
I-\n \n¶pw thdn« t{ijvT-X-bpsS
hnXm-\-¯n-emWv kq^n-IÄ Hcp apco-
Zns\ ImWp-¶-Xv: ""D¶-X-amb A`n-em-
j-§Ä DÅ-h\ - mWv Hcp apco-Zv. A_pÂ
Aºm-kp-¯o-Pm\o ]d-bp¶p: {kjvSm-
hnsâ ssZhn-I-a-l¯-zw Adn-bp-¶-h³
kXy-k-Ô-\mb Hcp apco-Zp-am-{X-am-Wv.
FÃm krjvSn-IÄ¡pw apI-fn-embn ssZhn-
I-Xz-¯n-\pÅ Hu¶Xyw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶
Xpw Ah-\m-Wv. {kjvSm-hn-te¡v hn\oX
hnt[-b-Xz-t¯msS sNs¶-¯p-hm-\pÅ
bYmÀY- t{]c-WI - Ä Hcp apco-Zn\p am{X
sa e`n-¡p-I-bp-Åq'' (AÂak-e-Ip-Ê-Zo-
Zvþ- 72).-
Xkz-Æq-^nsâ `mj-bnse apco-Z,v Ckv
emansâ `mj-bnse `à\nÂ\n¶v Gsd
Db-c-¯n \n¡p¶p F¶p hcp-¯p-
hm-\mWv kzq^o-{K-Ù-§-fpsS {iaw. ]
t£,- ASn-Øm-\] - c- a- mb Hcp hyXymkw
Chn-sS-bp-ÅXv kzq^n-k¯ - nse injy³
hnt[-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv Xsâ Kpcp-hmb
ssiJn-\m-W.v Ckvemanse `à³ hnt[-
b-s¸-Sp-¶Xv {kjvSm-hmb AÃm-lp-hn-¶m-
Wv. kz-q^n-bmb injysâ A\p-k-c-
Wbpw Xmgvabpw hnt[-b-Xzhpw H¶m-a-
Xmbn _Ô-s¸-Sp-¶Xv ssiJp-am-bn-«m-W.v
BbÀY-¯n apco-Znsâ hgn-s¸-SÂ
AÃm-lp-hn-\-Ã, ssiJn-\m-Wv. CXmWv
XkzÆp^nse apco-Zv-þ-ssiJv _Ô-¯n-
epÅ- A\nkveman-I-X-bpsS Xew.
XzmA¯v
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ coXn-im-kv{X-§-fnÂ,
injy³ Kpcp-hns\ Bcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xnsâ
Xe-amWp ""XzmA¯v'' F¶-Xp-sIm­v
hnh-£n-¡s- ¸-Sp-¶X
- .v kzq^o-{K-Ù¯
- nÂ
 kzq^o-Kp-cp-¡³amcpsS kvac-W-tbm _Ôtam DÅ hkvXp-¡Ä injy³amÀ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-
¶Xphgn ]qÀhn-Ic - psS A\p-{Klw, `àn, AhÀ¡p e`n¨ ssZhnI t{ijvTX - I
Chsbms¡ Ic-K-X-amIpw F¶ hnizmkw Xkz-Æp-^n-ep-­v. JnÀJ- [-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p
Fgp-Xp¶p: ""Hcp apcoZv Xsâ ]qÀW-\mb
ssiJns\ DS-¼Sn sNbvXv, Xulo-Znsâ
hmIyw kzoI-cn¨p Ign-ªmÂ, Xsâ
kÀh\nb-{´-Whpw B ssi-Jns\ GÂ
]n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p- I
- bpw, ssiJp-ambn kwip-
²-amb kl-hmkw A\p-jvTn-¡p-Ibpw
\ncp-]m-[n-I-ambn Iosgm-Xp-§p-I-bpw, X
sâ lrZ-b-¯nsâ `qX-e-§sf ssiJn
sâ CÑ-IÄ¡pw XmÂ]-cy-§Ä¡p-ambn
Hgn-ªp-sIm-Sp-¡p-Ibpw thWw. ssiJv
Ahs\ hfÀ¯p-Ibpw amÀK-ZÀi\w
\ÂIp-Ib - pw D¶-Xn-bn-te¡v AÂ]mÂ]
ambn DbÀ¯p-Ibpw sN¿pw. FXnÀt¸m
`n¶-Xtbm CÃm-¯h - n[w B ssi-Jns\
Ah³ A\p-[m-h\w sN¿-Ww. ImcWw
apcoZv tcmKnbpw ssiJv NnInÂkI-\p-
am-Wv. apco-Znsâ lrZ-b-tcm-K-§Ä kpJ-
s¸Spwhsc ssiJv Ahs\ NnIn-Õn-¨p-
sIm-­n-cn-¡pw. A§s\ apcoZv ssZhn-
I-amb kv]Ài-§Ä¡p ]mI-am-h-p-I-bpw
ssiJv Ah-\n BXvaÚm-\-¯nsâ
{]Im-ihpw ZrV-hn-izm-k-¯nsâ {]mW
\pw DuXn-\n-d-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.- `qX-Im-
e-¯nsâ Nmc-¯n-\-Sn-bn-embn apco-ZnÂ
Dd-ªp-In-S¡ - p¶ hnizm-k¯ - nsâ Aán-
Pz-en-¡pw. injy³ Imcp-Wn-Isâ ka-
£-¯n-te¡v ]d-¶p-t]m-Ipw. ssZhnI
kwip-²n-bp-sSbpw Úm\-¯n-sâbpw
]Z-hn-I-fn Ah-s\-¯n-t¨cpw'' (AÂ
akveIp-ÊZ- o-Zvþ- 87).-
""tbmKy-X-IÄ XnIª Hcp ssiJn
s\ {]m]n-¨mÂ, Ipfn-¸n-s¨m-cp-¡p-¶h - sâ
ap¶nse arX-ic- ocw InS-¡p-¶X - p-t]mse
Xsâ ico-cs¯ ssiJn\v GÂ]n¨p-sIm-
Sp-¡-Ww. apco-Zn\v kz´-ambn Hcp sXc-
sª-Spt¸m Dt±-iytam D­m-Im³ ]mSnÃ''
(P-hm-ln-dp aX-\oþ1/136).-
kz-q^n-k¯ - nse C¯cw \nÀtZ-i§
Ä CkvemwaX-hp-ambn tbmPn-¡p-¶-h-b-
Ã. Ckveman \ncp-]m-[n-Ihpw ]qÀW-
hp-amb A\p-kc- Ww AÃm-lp-hn\pam{X-
- Ä
]n¶n Cusbmcp k¦Â]ap-­v.
amWv hI-sh¨p sImSp-¡p-¶-Xv. hyàn-
IÄ F{X-Xs¶ t{ijvTtcm Ah-cpsS
al¯-zw BIm-i-t¯mfw DbÀ¶tXm
BbmÂt]mepw aX-]-chpw B[-ym-ßn-
I-hp-amb taJ-e-I-fn Ahsc \ncp-]m-
[nIw A\p-k-cn-¡m³ Ah-Im-i-an-Ã.
Ckvemansâ Cu kp{]-[m\ X¯-zs¯
A«n-a-dn-¡p¶ Xkz-Æp^v Ckveman-I-am-
hpI km[y-a-Ã-tÃm.
X_Àdp¡v
kzq^o-Kp-cp-¡³amcpsS kvac-Wt- bm
_Ôtam DÅ hkvXp-¡Ä injy³amÀ
D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xphgn ]qÀhn-I-cpsS
A\p-{Klw, `àn, AhÀ¡p e`n¨ ssZ
hnI t{ijvT-X-IÄ Ch-sbms¡ Ic-K-X-
amIpw F¶ hnizmkw Xkz-Æp-^n-ep-­v.
JnÀJ- [-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p ]n¶n Cusbm
cp k¦Â]ap-­v. Xkz-Æp-^nsâ {KÙ-
¯n Fgp-Xp-¶p:
""]cn-]qÀW-cmb ssiJp-am-cnÂ\n¶v
JnÀJ- [-cn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ XmÂ]cyw Ah-
cnÂ\n-¶pÅ A\p-{K-lhpw sFiz-cyhpw
]IÀ¶p e`n-¡pI F¶-Xm-Wv. Cu
kwhn-[m-\¯ - n-eqsS ]qÀhn-Ic- psS ØnXn-
K-Xn-IÄ ]IÀ¯-s¸-Spw. kz-q^n-k-¯n-
te¡v Ahsâ lrZbw \bn-¡-s¸-Sm³
AXp-Im-cW - h- p-am-bn-¯o-cpw. AÃm-lp-hp-
ambn _Ô-ap-­m-Ipw. ]qÀhn-I-cmb ]e
BXvaÚ-\n-IÄ¡pw `hn-¨-Xp-t]mse
BXvak-c-Wn-bn-te-¡pÅ IWn-i-amb
A`n-em-ja- p-­m-Ipw. Gähpw t{ijvTa- mb
[Àa-ka- c- ¯
- n\v Ah³ iàn-bmÀP-n¡ - pw.
AÃm-lp-hn-te¡p aSnb-pw Ae-kX - b- pan
-ÃmsX apt¶-dphm³ tbmKy-\m-Ipw''
(AÂakveIp-ÊZ- o-Zþv- 93).-
""A{]-Imcw ]qÀW-\mb Hcp ssiJv
Xsâ hkv{Xw Ducn-sb-Sp¯v- Xsâ apco-
- Zns\ DS-\Sn AXp -[-cn-¸n-¨m X¶n-ep
Å al¯-zw injy\nte¡p {]h-ln-¡p-
¶-Xm-Wv. AÚ-X-bpsS BÔ-y-¯nÂ
\n¶v apco-Zn\v ImgvN In«p-¶-Xpw hnhn[
2007 G-{]n-Â- 46
temI-§f - psS ImgvNI - Ä Ah\p km[y-
am-Ip-¶-Xp-amWv'' (A-en-¿-p_v\p A_o-
Xzm-en-_v;- -C-am-a-p Bcn-^o³-þ137-,- 138).-
C¯cw Hcp Znhy-amb ssIam-ä-coXn
Ckvemw AXnsâ X¯-ztam A\p-jvTm-
\tam Bbn ]cn-Nb - s
- ¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. {]m
No\ aX-§f - psS km¦Â]nI-amb kwhn-
[m-\-§-fp-sSbpw B[-ym-ßn-I-X-bpsS
t]cn-epÅ _men-i-amb \S-]-Sn-I-fp-sS
bpw A\p-I-c-W-am-Wn-Xv. Ckvemansâ
BÀP-hhpw hyà-Xb - p-apÅ IÀa-þh - n-izm-
km-[n-jvTn-Xa- mb Bßob aÞ-e¯ - nÂ
C¯cw \ncÀY--Ihpw _men-i-hp-amb
Imcy-§Ä¡v bmsXmcp Øm\-hp-an-sÃ-
¶mWv a\-Ên-em-t¡-­X - v.
k\Zv
kq^n-If - psS k\Zv F¶p ]d-bp-¶Xv
AhÀ D¶-bn-¡p¶ ]c-¼-c-bm-Wv. Hcp
ssiJv X\n¡v B[-ym-ßn-I-Úm\w
e`n¨ ]c-¼c- s - b-¡p- d- n¨p \ÂIp¶ hnh-
cWw B ssi-Jnsâ k\-Zm-Wv. kz-q^n-
I-fpsS Kpcp-] (t)-hn-em-Wv. Cu {]h-W
X Xzco-J-¯p-IÄ¡p ioCu Nn´m-[m-c-
bp-am-bpÅ _Ô-amWp shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-
¶-X.v
kq^o-{K-Ù-¯n Fgp-Xp¶p: ""kq
^n-I-fpsS k\Zv AwK-hkv{Xw (JnÀJ-)
P]w (XÂJ-o³) F¶n-h-bp-ambn _Ô-
s¸-«X - m-W.v FÃm kq^n ]c-¼I - fpw Xzco-
J-¯p-Ifpw kzq^n-I-fpsS t\Xm-hmb
Camw Pqss\-Zp _Kv-ZmZn-bn sN¶p-
tN-cp-¶p. At±lw Xsâ Kpcp knÀd-n¿p-
ÊnJvXzo, At±lw aA-vdq-^p J-ÀJo,
At±lw Zmhq-Zp-¯zm-Cu, At±lw l
_o-_p APvao, At±lw lk-\pÂ
_kz-co, At±-lw- Aen¿-p_v\p A_o-
Xz-m-en-_v-þ-F-¶n-§-s\-bpÅ ]c-¼-c-sb-
bmWv ]n´p-S-cp-¶-Xv'' (AÂakveIp-Ê-
Zo-Zþ-v 96).-
kq^o-k-\-Znsâ Hcp khn-ti-jX
Aen(e)b-n am{Xsa Ah-km-\n-¡p-I-
 C¯-cs - amcp coXn-imkv{Xw Ckveman-Ia- Ã
kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ B[m-c-in-e-bp-ambn kzoI-cn¨p Ign-ªm ]n¶oSv Hcp Kpcp-hn-eqsS Cu
BZÀi-hmIyw {]tXy-I-ambn Gsä-Sp-¡p-I-bpw Gsä-Sp-¡p¶ hyàn¡v C¡m-cy-¯n-epÅ
tbmKyX \nÀW-bn-¡p-hm-\mbn Hcp Kpcp Xb-m-dm-bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶Xv
bpÅq F¶-Xm-Wv. CXv ioCu kaq-l-
ambn kzq^n- k - ¯ n- \ pÅ _Ôhpw
kmay-Xb - p-amWv shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv. Cu
hkvXpX Nne ]n¡me ]Þn-X³amÀ
Nq­n-¡m-Wn-¨t- ¸m-gmWv Dkva- m\n-(e
- )epw
A_q-_Ivdn-(-e)epw Ah-km-\n-¡p¶
k\-Z-p-I-fp-ambn Nne ]n¡me- Xz-coJ-
¯p-IÄ cwK-¯p-h-¶-Xv. F¶m Ckv
eman C¯-c-samcp k\-Znsâ Bh-iy-
an-Ã. aX-]-c-ambn hnÚm-\-§Ä, {]hm-
N-I- N-cy-sb-¡-p-dn-¨pÅ hnh-c-W-§Ä,
Ncn{X ]cm-aÀi-§Ä F¶n-§-s\-bpÅ
hbpsS Imcy-¯n hniz-k\ - o-bX Dd¸p-
h-cp-¯m-\m-bpÅ ]cn-tim-[-\-bn Ah-
ew-_n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ -k-\Zpw Xkz-Æp-^nse
k\Zpw c­p hyXykvX Imcy-§-fmWv.
ZnIvÀ
HcmÄ Xkz-Æp-^n {]th-in-¨mÂ
Ah\v- Kpcp Ien-a-X-p-¯u-loZv sNmÃn-
s¡m-Sp-¡Ww F¶mWv kzq^o- \nba-w.
kq^o- {-- K-Ù¯
- n Fgp-Xp¶p: ""apco-Znsâ
lrZbw \Ã `qanbpw ^e-]p-jvSn-bp-apÅ
a®p-ambn Kpcp Xncn-¨-dnªp Ign-ªm
Â, Ien-aX-p¯-ulo-Zm-Ip¶ hr£-¯n\p
]än-b-Xmbn a\-Ên-em-¡n-bm Ah\p
Ien-aX-p¯uloZv- sNmÃn-s¡m-Sp-¡W - w''
(AÂakveIp-Ê-Zo-Zv-,- -t]Pv 84).-
C¯-cs- amcp coXn-imkv{Xw Ckveman-
I-a-Ã. HcmÄ Xulo-Zns\ Xsâ BZÀi
hpw kwkvIm-c¯ - nsâ B[m-ci - n-eb
- p-am
bn kzoI-cn¨p Ign-ªm ]n¶oSv Hcp
Kpcp-hn-eqsS Cu BZÀi-hmIyw {]tXy-
I-ambn Gsä-Sp-¡p-I-bpw Gsä-Sp-¡p¶
hyàn¡v C¡m-cy-¯n-epÅ tbmKyX
\nÀW-bn-¡p-hm-\mbn Hcp Kpcp Xb-m-dm-
bn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pI F¶Xv Ckveman-
I-a-Ã. Cu \ne¡v kz-q^nkw Ckvemap-
ambn hntbm-Pn-¡p-¶p.
aAvcn^X-v
Xkz-Æq-^nsâ Gähpw anI¨ KpW-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
- . HcmÄ Xulo-Zns\ Xsâ BZÀihpw
Ckveman-I-a-Ã.
^-e§ - f- n H¶v F¶v ]cn-Nb
¶Xv aAvcn^-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. Znhy-Úm\w
F¶v CXns\ AÀY-IÂ]\ sN¿p-¶Xp
ImWmw. `uXn-Ihpw BXvaob-hp-amb
Imcy-§-fpsS cl-kyhpw ]c-kyhpw hy
à-ambn a\-Ên-em-¡m³ km[n-¡p¶
Ah-Ø-bmWp aAvcn^Xv- F¶-Xp-sIm
­v- hnh-£n-¡s - ¸-Sp-¶X - v. Xkz-Æp-^nsâ
{KÙ-§-fn ]d-bp¶p:
""Cu ssZhn-Ia- mb {]Imiw aqew kq
^ok-c-Wn-bn {]th-in-¨-h-\n \n¶v
{]m]-©n-IX - b- psS CcpÄ \o§n-t¸m-hpI-
bpw ico-c¯ - nsâ ad-IÄ Icn-ªp-t]mhp-
I-bpw ]cn-ip-²n-bn-te-¡pÅ Ahsâ
{]bm-W-¯n Ah³ kZvKXn-{]m-]n-¨-
h-\m-bn-¯o-cp-Ib - pw A§-s\-bh
J-am-cp-sSbpw Znhy-mÂ`qX-§-fp-sSbpw
taJ-e-bnse Akm-[m-c-W-X-IÄ a\-Ên-
em-¡m³ {]m]vX-\m-hp-I-bpw ssZh-¯n
sâ \ma-§-fp-sSbpw hnti-j-W-§-fp-sS
bpw clkyw DÄs¡m-Åm³ tbmKy-\m-
bn-¯o-cp-Ib - pw kzi-co-c¯ - n-sâbpw k¯-
bp-sSbpw ImXÂ thÀXn-cn-¨-dn-bp-I-bpw
Ah-\p-t\sc ]cn-ip-²-amb Xsâ {]Im-
i-k-lnXw {kjvSmhp shfn-s¸-Sp-¶Xpw
A§-s\-b-h³ kXy-¯n\p t\À¡v-
F¯n-t¨-cp-¶X - p-am-bn-cn¡pw'' (AÂakve
Ip-ÊZ- o-Zþv- 118).-
kz-q^n-k¯ - nsâ ]Zm-he
¶ ""aAvcn^X-v'' GXÀY-¯n-emWv- D]-
tbm-Kn-¡s- ¸-Sp-¶s- X¶v asämcp {KÙ-¯n
 hni-Z-am-¡p¶p:
""aAvcn^X-v, kzq^n-If - psS `mj-bnÂ
bmYmÀY-y-¯nsâ aqÀ¯n-aZv`mh-amb
AÃm-lp-hns\ Ahsâ \ma-§Ä,- hnti-
j-W§ - Ä F¶nh klnXw Adn-bp-¶Xn
sâ ]cym-ba- m-W.v AÃm-lp-hns\ Ahsâ
ssIIm-cy-§f - n hmkvXh - a- m-¡p-Ib - m-W-
Xv. Cu Ah-Ø-bn-Â F¯n-b-h³ Ah
sâ Xcw-Xmgv¶ kz`m-h-§-fn \n¶pw
AXnsâ hn]-¯p-I-fnÂ\n¶pw ip²o-I-
47
- s - ¸-Sp-¯p- cn-¡-s¸Spw'' (AÀcnkm-e-¯p J-pssi-
cn-¿þ- 141).-
AXn-am-\p-j-Xz-¯n-te-¡pÅ hfÀ¨-
bm-bmWv kz-q^n-IÄ aAvcn^X-ns\ Im
Wp-¶X - .v A\nkvemanI-amb Cu Úm\
k¦Â]w Ckvemansâ bYm-À-Y- ho£-
W-§-tfmSv FÃm AÀY-¯nepw hntbm-
Pn-¡p-¶p.
lJ-o-J-¯nsâ bmYmÀY-yw-
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ ]Zm-he - n-If
- nse asäm-
¶mWv lJ-oJ-¯v. D¬a, bmYmÀY-yw,
hkvXp-X, ]c-amÀY-w Fs¶m-s¡-bmWv
lJ-o-J-¯nsâ AÀY-w. CXv a\p-jys\
ssZht¯m-fw- DbÀ¯p-hm³ kzq^n-IÄ
]n´p-S-cp¶ Hcp Zpcq-l-amb kwÚ-bm-
- ³ amem-
Wv. Xkz-Æp-^nsâ IrXn-I-fn CXn\v
\ÂI-s¸-Sp¶ \nÀh-N-\-§Ä C{]-Im-c-
amWv:
(1).- ""AÃm-lp-hnsâ Bfp-If - psS ssi
en-bn lJ-o-J-¯v F¶m ssZh-Xz-
¯nsâ AS-bm-f-§Ä¡v km£n-bm-hp-
Ibpw ssZhn-I-amb \ma-§Ä,- {]hr-¯n-
IÄ F¶n-h-bpsS cl-ky-§Ä shfn-
s¸«p In«-ep-amWv'' (AÂakveIpÊZo-Zv-
þ164).-
(2).- ""lJ-oJ-s¯-¶mÂ, AÃm-lp-hn
sâ hnti-jW - §
- ÄsIm­v \nsâ hnti-
j-W§ - f - psS AS-bm-f§
- sf \ntj-[n-¡-
- n-If - n hcp
em-Wv. \ns¶-s¡m­v {]hr-¯n-¸n-¡p-¶-
h³ Ah-\m-Wv, \n¶n {]hÀ¯n-¡p-
¶-h\pw Ah-\m-Wv F¶-hn-[¯ - nÂ'' (cn-
km-e¯p CkzvXznem-lp-Êzq-^n-¿o³-þ533).-
(3).- ""ssZh-Xz-¯n\v ZrIvkm- £n-bm-Ip-
I-bmWv lJ-oJ-¯nsâ XmÂ]cyw'' (AÀ
cnkm-e-¯p J-pssicn-¿-þ43).-
Ah-Im-ih
- m-Z§
- Ä
hnip-²n-bn-te¡pw ssZh-Xz-¯n-te-
¡p-apÅ {]bm-Wa- mWv kzq^nkw F¶v-
AXnsâ hàm-¡Ä Ah-Im-is - ¸-Sp-¶p.
HcÀY--¯n BÄssZh-§-fpsS cq]o-I-
 Ckvemw Xkz-Æp-^ns\ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶nà F¶-XmWv bmYmÀY-yw. A\nkve-am- n-I-amb Hcp
Ir{Xna X¯-z-im-kv{X-am-W-Xv. Xkz-Æp-^n\v ZnhyXzpw BXvaob ]Z-hnbpw \ÂIp-¶-hÀ
CkvemanI kwkvIrXn-tbmSv hntbm-Pn-¸pÅ aX-\n-tj-[n-Ifpw aX-\n-cm-I-c-W-hm-Zn-I-fp-am-Wv.
Ckvemansâ B[-ymXvanIX Ckvemw Xs¶-bm-Wv-þ-X-kz-Æp-^Ã.-
c-Ww, \ne-\nÂ]v, Ckvemansâ t]cnÂ
BÄssZh kwkvIr-Xn¡p \oXo-Ic- Ww
\ÂIÂ F¶n-hs - bms¡ XkzÆ-p^ - nsâ
ad-]n-Sn-¨mWp km[y-am-Im³ {ian-¡p-¶-
Xv. Ckvemw hn`m-h\w sN¿p¶ GI-
ssZ-hXz kwkvIr-Xn-bp-ambn Xkz-Æq^v
hntbm-Pn-¡p-I-bm-Wv, tbmPn-¡p-I-bÃ
sN¿p-¶X - v.
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ Xn³aIÄ
(1).- Ckvemans\ hn-I-e-am-¡p-¶-
Bi-b§ - fpw X¯-z§
- fpw DÄt¨À¶n-cn-
¡p-¶p.
(2).- t]Àjy³ \nKq-V-hm-Z-¯nsâ
LS-I§ - Ä IqSp-Xe- mbn kzm[o\w sNep-
¯p-¶p.
(3).- BXvaob-X-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸«,-
Ckveman\v A\y-amb ZpÀ{K-l-X-IÄ
Ckveman ASn-t¨Â]n-¡m³ {ian-¡p-
Ibpw AXp-hgn ]u-tcm-lnXy aX-§f - psS
A[x-]-X\w Ckveman-te¡p sIm­p-h-
cp-¶-Xn\v bXv\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
(4).- BÄssZh kwkvIrXn-bpsS Xn³
aIÄ, hyàn-]q-P, BÚ-X-bpsS Znhy
h¡c-Ww, aqV-hn-izm-k§ - f- psS {]am-
W-h¡c-Ww, AXn-am-\pj k¦Â]w
F¶n-hs- bms¡ Ckveman-te¡p IS-¯n-
¡q-«p-hm³ {ian-¡p-¶p.
(5).- {]hm-NI A[ym-]\- §
- sf XÅn-
¡-fb - p-Ibpw B[-ymXvanI BNm-cy³am
À¡v ZnhyXzw IÂ]n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
(6).- ioCk¯nsâ ]e kmt¦-XnI
]Z§fpw ]cn-IÂ]\-Ifpw BhÀ¯n
¡p-Ibpw Ahbv¡v ZpÀ{Kl-amb hni-Zo-
I-c-W-§Ä \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p-¶p.
(7).- aXw e£y-am-¡p¶ sshbIvXn
Ihpw kmaq-lnIhpamb ZuXy-§-fnÂ
\n¶pw ]n´n-cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw hyàntI{µn
X-amb B[-ym-ßn-IX F¶ k¦Â]¯n
sâ ad-]n-Sn¨v Ckvemansâ kaql\nÀam
W aqey-§sf XnckvIcn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-
2007 G-{]n-Â-
¶pþ CsXÃmw CkvemanI kwkvIrXn-
bpsS e£y-§fpw Dt±-i§- fpw XÅn-¡-
f-bp¶ Xn³a-If
- m-Wv.
anÌn-knkw
\nKq-V-hm-Z-¯nsâ Xe-¯n-te¡v
Xkz-Æ-p^v A[x-]-Xn-¡p-¶p-­v. ]mÝm
Xy X¯-zN - n-´I
- s- cbpw At\z-jI
BIÀjn¨ anÌn-kn-k¯ - nsâ ]e kz`m-
h§fpw Xkz-Æ-p-^n-\p-­v. anÌnknk
s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Nne \nÀhN-\§
bm-W.v
(1).- BXy-´nI D¬abp-ambn hyàn-
kz-¯z-¯nsâ kwe-b-\-amWv anÌnkn
kw e£y-am-¡p-¶Xv'' (anÌnknkw C³dn
en-Py-³k,-v t]Pv 104,- U-»yq.- C. tdmjÀ).-
(2).- ""a\p-jy\v kzX-{´-amb coXn-bn
 km[y-am-Ip¶ B[-ymXvanI-X-bpsS
]mc-ay- X
- b - mWp anÌnknkw e£y-am-¡p-
¶-Xv. hyàn¡v ]e Aam-\p-jn-IX
{]m]n-¡m³ anÌn-knkw hgn-sbm-cp-¡p-
sa-¶mWv ]uckvXyanÌn-¡p-If
Im-i-hmZw'' (anÌnknkw Bâ v shtÌ
¬ ^ntem-k-^n, ImÄbmkvthg-v-kv,
t]Pv 239).-
(3).- ""{]mNo-\a- mb B[-ymXvanI coXn-
I-fpsS ka-\z-b-amWv anÌn-knkw.- BXv
aob-X-bp-sSbpw a\pjykm[y-amb Znhy
Xz {]m]vXnbp-sSbpw X¯-z-im-kv{X-am-
WXv'' (anÌnknkw Bâ v kv]ncn-¨zÂ
FIvkv]ocn-b³k-kv, s^UvdnIv BjÀ,
t]Pv 63).-
Cu \nÀh-N-\-§-fn ]eXpw Xkz-
Æp-^nsâ \nÀh-N\ - §
- f - p-ambn tbmPn-¡p-
¶p-­v. Xkz-Æp-^n ]e {]mNo\ \nKq-
V-X¯ - z- i - m-kv{X-§f - p-sSbpw Awi-§Ä
ebn¨p tNÀ¶n-«p­v F¶v ]mÝmXy
Kth-jÀ Øm]n-¨n-«p-ÅXp {it²-ba- m-W.v
CkvenanIv anÌn-kn-k-amWv Xkz-Æp^v
F¶v A`n-{]m-b-s¸-«n-«p-Å-h-cp-­v. ]e
]mÝmXyKth-j-Icpw anÌn-kn-k-s¯
48
bpw Xkz-Æp-^n-s\bpw c­p hyXykvX
[mc-I-fm-bn-«mWp ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-
ÅXv F¶Xpw {it²-ba- m-W.v c­pw H¶-
Ã, F¶m c­p-\p-an-Sb - n kam-\X - I
- Ä
]e-Xp-ap­v F¶mWv \mw a\-Ên-em-t¡-
­n-hc- p-¶X
- v.
Xkz-Æp-^nsâ BXy-´n-I-e£yw
- s- cbpw
a\p-jys\ BXvaob-ambn DZv{KYn-¡p-I-
bmWv F¶v AXnsâ D]-Úm-Xm-¡Ä
- Ä Ch- Ah-Im-is- ¸-Sp-Ibpw B \n-ebv¡ - p {KÙ-
c-N\ \S¯p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p-­.v F¶mÂ
Ckvemw Xkz-Æp-^ns\ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-
¶nà F¶-XmWv bmYmÀY-yw. A\nkvem-
-an-I-amb Hcp Ir{Xna X¯-z-im-kv{X-am-
W-Xv. Xkz-Æp-^n\v ZnhyXzpw BXvaob
]Z- h nbpw \ÂIp- ¶ - h À Ckv e manI
kwkvIrXn-tbmSv hntbm-Pn-¸pÅ aX-\n-
tj-[n-Ifpw aX-\n-cm-Ic- W - h
- m-Zn-If- p-am-Wv.
Ckvemansâ B[-ymXvanIX Ckvemw
- I- fpw Xs¶-bm-Wvþ- X - k
- z-Æp-^à F¶ÀY-w.
Bi-bm-h-ew-_-§Ä
- psS Ah-
1).- cn-km-e-Xp Izpssicn¿x-
2).- AÂakveIp-Ê-ZoZv.-
3).- id-lp lnIw.-
4).- cnkm-e-X-p-¯kzÆp^.-v
5).- anÌn-knkw Cân-en-Py-³kv.-
6).- anÌn-knkw Bâ v sht̬
^ntem-k^n.-
7).- anÌn-knkw.-
8).- anÌn- k nkw Bâ v kv ] ncn- ¨ zÂ
FIvkv]ocn-b³kkv.-
9).- lnÌdn Hm^v dnen-Pz³kv.-
10).- ClvbmD-eq-aq-±o³-.-
11).- aP-v-aDÂ- -^-Xmhm C_v\p ssXan¿x-
12).- A¯zcoJ-¯pivi^vYmcn¿x-
13).- Xzco-J-¯pÊlvcn¿x-
14).- X³hodp J-peq_v.-
15).- Phm-ln-dp a¯\o.-
16).- Aen-¿p_v\pA_o-Xzm-en-_v-þ-C-am-
ap Bcn-^o³.-
17).- cnkm-eX-p CkzvX- zn-em-ln-Êzq-^n-¿o- ³.-