3-11 3.5 Category b Correlation The only correlation discussed in this category is that of Hagedorn and Brown. This correlation was developed from data obtained from a 1500-ft experimental well. The liquid holdup was not measured but was celculeted to Satisfy the measured pressure gradient after the pressure gradients due to friction and acceleration were accounted for. The liquid holdup ts not a true measure of the portion of the pipe occupied by liquid but is merely « correlating parsneter. ‘Two-Phase Density In order to calculate the pressure gradient component due to elevation change value of liquid holdup must be determined. Calculation of holdup Anvelves three correlations, two of which ere correction factors for liquid viscosity. Several dimensionless correlating parame a which must be ui are given below. These equations include constants ‘vhich make them dimension- ally consistent when common "ofl field" units are used. 4 Ny 71-938, fpr7e Le, Liquid Velocity Number 4 N= 1.938 ev eg PLL Gas Velocity Numbe = 120.872 4 Le, Pipe Diameter Number 4b * 0.15726 By firey, °° Liquid Viscosity Number = ft/sec Ve, ™ ft/sec 3 Py, = Lba/ te @, = dynes/en he? d= ftBH12 when the liquid stream includes both oil and water, the liquid properties are weighted in the following manner. "Pf * Pu hy, o,f, +0, f,> L HL Mofo tHe fe where cepa oie foie eenoe eee se noe qty numbers for any These dimensionl t of consistent units were defined by Ros as: . °, Me "Ye (ob By ee “Tey 8 & eee ° = [Re ¢ 4 Soy % The correlation for liquid holdup divided by a secondary correction factor is shown in Fig. 3.6 (i, =_"L 4). the correlating function requires a ¥ value of CN, which is correlated with N, in Fig, 3.7, The secondary correction factor correlation is shown in Fig. 3.8. Once a value for liquid holdup has been determined from Figures 3.6, 3.7 and 3.8, the pressure grad- fent caused by elevation change is calculated from \ (2), - ath H+ oC) Jee Friction Factor ‘he pressure gradient component due to friction is given by teeeeereeKS8-13 “NOILVTSNYOD YOLIVI-dNQ10H - 9'E' 914 | Pye et b O11 ~ 49 9810 $3ILISODSIA “NI *S3ZIS ONIGNL 7NO,G3SV8 NOILV13Nu0d “NI a th / YOLOWS dNQ10H3-14 9 INF19133309 YAGHIAN ALISOISIA YO NOLW1ISUYOI-L' E914 1N TTT TT part Tt O° 100° 100) NO3-15 YOLIVS NOILISYYOD AUVGNOITS NO4 NOILV139NU0I-8'E' 914 orzN/ (ogc: IN “ON ) or 60 80 20 90 SO" v0 £0"3-16 where This equation can be written in tems of mass flow rate by multiplying and dividing by the square of the pipe area. This giv (ds 2 = seeeenee ee BT Ce), - 4 2g,dau °, ‘The expression given by Hagedorn and Brown vas - tv 2.9652 x 10"4p a soeceeeee BoB 5 where w= uass flov rate, 1ta/day, density based on liquid holdup, 1ba/ft*, d= pipe inside diameter, ft, and £ = two-phase friction factor ‘The two-phase friction factor is correlated with a two-phase Reynolds number using a standard Moody diagram, Fig. 3.9. The Reynolds number is calculated from = Pan Npg “BBG seeeeseeee Ms or =_4u ray ‘s where Ya” Yer * Yeg andtoo‘o009: sov'eoo0- aoigae9s v € Co 10000 so'oo00 ST ssauysnoy nL 3 3-17 20000 0000 90000 tooo 000 000 9000 8000 too stoo wo coo wo soo 1 wes6eig Apooyw-6'e B14 PAT ‘saquiny spjoudey ose 9 ¥ € (one +e Game colons 9s ¥ Core ores y CONE ot id os sung 92480095 4 [now suet ream [20M NA] gg3-18 Acceleration Term The pressure gradient due to acceleration is given by 9, 4,7) tea where ra (Ppt) ~ Mae (PysT) If we define £, Re = 4 a) : 3d ‘ep Vaz), 28, dp the total pressure adient can be calculated from Oa: @: —T-_ Example Problem by Hagedorn - Brown Method Given: Veg 7 409 ft/sec P= 720 peta Vgp 7 2465 ft/sec T= 128° F d= 0.249 ft = 3.00 in. wy = 18 ep Nyy 7 6-02 wi, * -018 ep Ng, = 9429 Py = 56.6 lbm/eu ft N, = 0.08 9, 7 2-84 Ibm/eu ft Ny = 41.34 e/d = .0006 Neglecting acceleration, colculate the flowing pressure gradient at these conditions,3-19 1. Determine liquid holdup and two-phase density. Determine CN, from Fig. 3.7 for N= 0.08 to be 0.0055 To determine H, , calculate / Nyy >) 77cm, 7 x -373/ (P, Ny ev 6.02 «10 3)() (#3) (1.67) (1.476) (.00013) 0.29379) (16-7 41.36 = 000032 a From Fig. 3.6 q+ = 0.520 238 nN 238 To determine ¥, calculate Lay = (9-29) (08) = 0124 as 61.34)?" From Fig. 3.8, ¢ = 1 ia - # = 0,520 (1) = 0.520 pot eH te, GQ (56.5) (.520) + 2.84 (1 = .520) = 29.43 + 1,36 p, = 30.79 Ibm/eu ft (# = 2p, = 30.79 ibf/eu ft el 8c 2. Determine frictional term. 1488 pv.d 1 1 2 Po ge (Mgt Pag) ~ Gry (56-6) (2-65)4+ (2.84) (4.09) a p, = 23.98 Ibm/eu. ft No a, iH wv tang ee 1°32 48 x .o1e'*? = .65 cp = 1488_23.98) (4.09 + 2.65) (. 24: ee ee = 92135, From Fig. 3.9, 9.021 for ¢/d = .0006 2 Sah Mee 2 fa ¢ Ym | (0.021) @3,98)%4.09 + 2.65) @),- 26,4 Gs4(.249)(30.79) "1-1 tbE/eu fe Calculate total pressure gradient ap dp ap). 7 we, az 2) .* z), 30.79 + 1.11" 31.9 3 0222 ee