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18 19 20 24 22 23 24 25 26 Total Total generation cost = Hoooooore -007 +005 983 977 980 978 969 975 2015 1.884 163.000 -6.074 76.000 4.759 48.000 “5.411 46.000 6.325 45.000 6.388 25.000 ~6.672 54.000 6.256 28.000 0.284 40.000 1263000 17.1. DERIVATION OF LOSS FORMULA 309 67.000 15.000 27.000 23.000 12.000 27.000 13.000 20.000 637.000 1275 15447.72 $/n 0. 0 0. 0. 22.000 0. 0. 0. 0. 86. 000 0.000 000 0.000 000 0.000 2000 0.000 000 0.000 000 0.000 000 0.000 000 0.000 939 27.892 800 690.396 ecoococoue 229292988 sssssssss 25.00 ‘The total generation cost for the initial operating condition is 16, 760.73 $/h and the total generation cost with optimal dispatch of generation is 15, 447.72 $/h. This results in a savings of 1,313.01 $/h. That is, with this loading, the total annual savings is over $11 million. PROBLEMS 7.1. Find a rectangle of maximum perimeter that can be inscribed in a circle of unit radius given by Check the (ay) = renvalues for sufficient conditions. 244? 7.2. Find the minimum of the function S ey) = 2? +24? subject to the equality constraint 0 o(e,y) =2+2y+4=0 Check for the sufficient conditions. 7.3. Use the Lagrangian multiplier method for solving constrained parameter op- timization problems to determine an isosceles triangle of maximum area that ‘may be inscribed in a circle of radius 1. 7.4, For a second-order bandpass filter with transfer function H(s) w SF Nuns + oh 310 18. 76. 14. 18. 17. OPTIMAL DISPATCH OF GENERATION determine the values of the damping ratio and natural frequency, ¢ and wy, corresponding to a Bode plot whose peak occurs at 7071.07 radians/see and ‘whose half-power bandwidth is 12,720.2 radiansisec. Find the minimum value of the function f(ey)=2+y? subject to the equality constraint g(x,y) = 27 —6r —y? +17 Find the minimum value of the function F(ay) = 2? +? subject to one equality constraint g(2,y) —Sa—y?+20= and one inequality constraint u(e,y) =2e+y>6 ‘The fuel-cost functions in $/h for two 800 MW thermal plants are given by Cy = 400 + 6.0P; +.0,004P? Cr= 500+ BPr+ PP where P and Py are in MW. (@) The incremental cost of power 2 is $8/MWh when the total power de- mand is 550 MW. Neglecting losses, determine the optimal generation of each plant. (b) The incremental cost of power 2 is $10/MWh when the total power de- ‘mand is 1300 MW. Neglecting losses, determine the optimal generation of ‘each plant. (© From the results of (a) and (b) find the fuel-cost coefficients 8 and + of the second plant. ‘The fuel-cost functions in $/h for three thermal plants are given by Cy = 850 + 7.20P; +0.0040P? Cy = 500 + 7.30P2 + 0.0025P2 C3 = 600 + 6.74Ps + 0.0030P? 17. DERIVATION OF LOSS FORMULA 311 where P,, P, and Ps are in MW. The governors are set such that generators share the load equally. Neglecting line losses and generator limits, find the total cost in $/h when the total load is @ Pp= 450 MW Gi) Pp = 745 MW Gi) Pp = 1335 MW 7.9. Neglecting line losses and generator limits, determine the optimal scheduling of generation for each loading condition in Problem 7.8 (a) by analytical technique, using (7.33) and (7.31). (b) using Iterative method, Start with an initial estimate of = 7.5 S/MWh. (©) find the savings in $/h for each case compared to the costs in Problem 7.8 when the generators shared Toad equally. Use the dispatch program to check your results. 7.10. Repeat Problem 7.9 (a) and (b), but this time consider the following genera- tor limits (in MW) 122< Py < 400 260

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