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    21 vistas10 páginas

    Pegado de Juntas-5

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    WilfredoCaveroCarrasco

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    US006585298B2_ US 6,585,298 B2 2) United States Patent a0) Patent No.: PAlsson (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 1, 2003 (S!) IGHSTRENGTH BUTEWRAP JOINT FOR 2980406 A + 080 Galows aaiss REINFORCED PLASTIC PIPE 3238300 A Boe Smee aaeat2 (75) Inveator: Gudmundur Palsson, Sandefjord (NO) 3,612,580 A * 10/1971 Jones 285/294.2 Sfoses A + ‘ston? 1nexy "eos ignce: Flowtite Technology AS, Sandefjox pps foe (79) Assign: owt Technology AS, Sande 5 ots Rime a * 12/1985 Fawley (2). Notice: Subjstio any dslaimer, he tm ofthis Saeed ae re pen nentoded or afuned uier 35 SSSUMSO A S055 Lb eae BS. 5M by Osage + ie by examine (21) Appl. No.: 09/986,939 im Primary Examiners K.Nisson (22) Filed: Nov. 13, 2001 (74) Attorney, Agen, or Firm Young & Thompson ) Prior Pubtion Data rid ABSTRACT eae ato a) A butt-wrap joint includes a plurality of wraps $20,-520,, of (1) Im c1? F161 31/00 arial weted wih» terwsetog fos and wrapped & Use. SagoddsDasann ese creumfeentally aboot vo sotiny pipe es 101 2 (53) Field of Search Sagas 204, _‘Thetsterapis spose latte tthe reget pies and BSS. 3ooCHO Be ai the scond trough wih wrap is depose scree ouivardy claws of te ceapetve preceding ap. The 0) References Cited Srapeate covered bya chopped stand na $30 ete wih 2004546 A * USS, PATENT DOCUMENTS. 2/1960 Shaw 15694 the thermosetting resin, 19 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets 520; ay ec =| 820, 520; 530 820, U.S. Patent Jul. 1, 2003 Sheet 1 of 6 US 6,585,298 B2 US 6,585,298 B2 Sheet 3 of 6 Jul. 1, 2003 U.S. Patent — k—— 4 wu os1—_Z +— hoes O_AZZIZIZZZZZIELILL ELLE ~S noo oes ww 28 {7777S ww 2a~f "ozs bere! kerk wu 00@—AZZz ee ‘qe61s U.S. Patent Jul. 1, 2003 Sheet 4 of 6 US 6,585,298 B2 Fig.3a. a 5201-520, 530 100,200 530 5204-520, U.S. Patent Jul. 1, 2003 Sheet 5 of 6 a: tt a US 6,585,298 B2 5202 Fig.4. Lo is U.S. Patent Jul. 1, 2003 Sheet 6 of 6 US 6,585,298 B2 RB co BY ° F = a|-® ° al _ R g 4 SS 5 o AS wo at si § g & g 8 S NJ oO | ora 3 + iL y YO 3 US 6,585,298 B2 1 HIGH-STRENGTH BUTT-WRAP JOINT FOR REINFORCED PLASTIC PIPES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention ‘This invention relates to the field of reinforced plastic pipes. More specifically, the invention selates to a butl-weap {or butt-strap) joint between leagtbs of reinforced plastic pipes. 2. Description of the Related Art GRP pipes are commonly joined by “butt-wrap" (or “butt strap’) joints, ie, in an end-to-end (or edge-to-edge) con- figuration and weapped with one or more wraps of fabric, ‘The resulting laminate generally covers equal amounts of the two abuting pipe ens, ‘The laminate pel consiss ‘of several wraps of reinforcement mats and/or woven rov- ings saturated with a thermosetting resin or other agent, The resin is cured by application of heat or by chemical means, thus changing the laminate into a substantially infusible and insoluble material (thermoset plastic). When curing, the laminate bonds with the pipe end outer walls thus forming a joint with sufficient strenght in both the circumferential (boop) and longitudinal directions, Current butt-wrap technologies are based on the use of laminates with traditional reinforcements in the form of mats and/or woven roving with equal strength and stillness prop- lb in ween (tito Bros a ints are designed so as to be able to withstand the design Joads in bth hoop and longitudinal direction, independent ‘ofthe pipe itself, thus disregarding important aspects like the pipe’s load carrying capacity in the hoop direction and stress ‘concentrations generated by discontinuity, ‘The minimum bond length (the longitudinal dimension of the laminates on each pipe end) is typically determined based on simplified models for shear stress distribution in the bonding surface between the pipe and the laminate. In fact, the bond length is normally determined such that the average shear stress over the bonding surface shall not ‘exceed a fixed value, independent of the real shear stress distribution and how it is influenced by factors Tike the Slffiness ratio between pipe and wraps, absolute bond length, geometric and elastic properties and siress concentrations. Radial stresses and their influence on bonding strength as well as discontinuity stresses are commonly disregarded. ‘AS a consequence, the butl-wraps currently in use tend to be overly thick and rigid giving rise to severe stress con- centrations in the pipes joined, negatively alfecting their performance. The simplified models for lap shear strength do in many eases correlate poorly to the real strength, which may lead 10 either overly conservative and costly butt- ‘wraps, or—in the worst cases—to underdesign Tis therefore a long felt need for an improved butl-wrap join for reinforced plastic pipes, that have optimal design ‘characterisics and is less time consuming and less costly to produce, ‘The present invention solves that need, in that it provides 1 novel butt-wrap joint for fiber reinforced thermosetting resin pipes, said joint being structurally and economically improved compared to the prior art In this regard, the main focus is on improved structural reliability of the joint, increased load carrying capacity, improved utilisation of the pipes structural capacity through eduction of stress concen- trations and reduced cost of the joint BRIEF SUMMARY OF CERTAIN INVENTIVE ASPECTS ‘The above objective is attained by the aid of thorough structural analysis of the pipe together with the wraps and the use of efficient reinforcement fabrics and resins for the ‘wraps. 0 as os ss 4s ss 2 Structural analyses and tess performed by the applicant hhave revealed thatthe longitudinal loading, ca buttvvrap joint, rather than the boop stength, design factor. In that context, itis apparent the shear- and radial stress concentrations occurring in the bonding Sur- faces at the end of the pipe and the wraps, as well as the longitudinal stress concentrations acting i. the pipe wall adjacent to the wraps, te the most important load responses that have to be controlled by proper design of the wraps ‘The structural analyses and testing have also shown that the bonding sess concentrations are most efficiently con- trolled by: 1) balancing of the longitudinal stiffness of the wraps against the longitudinal siffness of the pipe, 2) tapering ofthe wraps andor the pipe spigot, and 3) optimizing the geometric-elastic properties of the ‘wraps and the pipe Referring to step 2 above, a tapering ofthe spigot is highly impractical and will normally not be performed, ualess specific conditions (e.g, unbalanced laminate) require it. A uch more efficient approach isto displace the shear stress to the laminate edge by increasing the laminate longitudinal slilfiness. The radial stresses are most efficiently controlled by minimising the eccentricity of the wraps inthe longitudinal diction, The longitudinal stress concentrations ia the pipe are, on the other hand, most efficiently reduced by smooth tapering of the wraps and by minimising the hoop stiffness of the wraps. ‘The structural capacity and efficiency of butt-wrap joints can also be increased by correct choice of resin and rein- forcement. Resins with better adhesion will allow foe higher shear and radial stess concentrations ia the bonding suetace. Because of the limitations of secondary bonding streagth compared to the strength of cured in one resin, itis under ‘mest circumstances beneficial to use a higher quality resin in the wraps than ia the pipes. ‘Non-woven fiber reinforcements are also beneficial com- pared to woven reinforcements. With straight fibers the radial stess, generated when the undulated fiber of woven roving are tensioned, are avoided and with the bigher degrees of reinforcement achieved, curing stresses are reduced. ‘The but-weap joint according tothe invention generally comprises a plurality of wraps of material wetted with a thermosetting resin and wrapped eireumferentially relative toa first pipe end and a second pipe end, where the fist and sevontl pipe ends are the respective end of first and second pipes. The pipes are aligned and the two pipe ends are abutting. The pipes are being joined at their respective abutting ends by the wraps disposed generally symmetsi- cally on said abutting pipes. The first wrap is. disposed relative to the respective pipes and second through n-th weap ave disposed successively outwardly, relative of the respec- tive preceding weap. The first wrap has a width L,, the second wrap has @ width Ls, and the o-th wrap has a width 1, all in in the pipe longittdinal direction. The wraps. are covered by a chopped strand mat (CSM) wetted with the thermosetting resin and having a width Ly in the pipe longitudinal direction. The buit-wrap joimt in accordance ‘with the invention isis thus characterisedin that a frst wrap wigs Ly is greater than the width of any of the subsequent wraps; 4 second wrap wich Lis greater than the width of any ofthe subsequent wraps; the widths L, 10 L,., of the intermediate wraps are ‘successively diminishing at a constant rate (2x), where US 6,585,298 B2 3 this rate is a result of a Linear interpolation between the second wrap Ly width and the n-th wrap width 1,5 the longitudinal stiffness (E,,.t) of the wraps is pro- gressively tapered at the edges, in that the longitudinal stiffness of the wraps is inereased at a low rate (wrap stiffness vs distance from wrap edge) at the edge of the ‘wraps while ceased ata faster rate aWay from the edge. Preferred embodiments of the invention are that: The rate of increase in wrap slifiness is preferably increased in 3 or more steps. The Variable n may be any number greater than ‘or equal to 3. The laminate has a substantially higher tensile stiffoess in the longitudinal direction than in the circumtfer- ‘ential direction. As each of the wraps has a tensile stiffness in the longitudinal direction which is substantially (e.g. 50%-200%) higher than the tensile stiffness in the circum- ferential direction, and said chopped strand mat (CSM) has generally uniform tensile stiffness in both the longitudinal and circumferential directions, the resulting laminate has a tensile stiffness in the longitudinal direction which is sub- stantially higher than the tensile stiffness in the cireumfer- ential direction. The resin is a vinylester resin, or (preferably) a bisphenol A vinylester resin. The but-wrap resin may be a vinyl ester while the pipe resin is polyester. ‘The butt-wrap resin and the pipe resin may be different resins. The butt-wrap resin may have a higher quality than the pipe resin, “The longitudinal tensile stiffness of the laminate is greater than longitudinal tensile stiffness of the pipes. ‘The wraps are comprised of non-woven roving fabric. The wraps are disposed externally relative to said pipes. The wraps arc disposed internally relative to said pipes. The wraps are disposed both externally and internally relative to said pipes. ‘The resin is in a cured (or set) state andior in a non-cured (or sset) state. The pipes are comprised of glass fibre reinforced plastic, carbon fibre reinforced plastic, or other types of fibres. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG, 1 is a side view of a butt-wrap joint, FIG. 2a is a diagrammatic illustration of the general build-up of the laminate with n wraps, and indicates the various wraps and their relationship relative to each other and the pipe surface. FIG. 2b is a diagrammatic illustration similar to that of FIG. 2a, for a specific embodiment of four wraps (a=4). FIG, 3a shows a cross section through an unbalanced (i. extemal) joint, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as Seen in the pipe longitudinal direction, e.g, taken along the section line XX in FIG. 1. The wrap thicknesses are shown as being comparatively larger than the pipe cross-section, for clarity of illustration FIG, 3b shows a-cross section through a balanced (i. ‘external and internal) joint, according to an embodiment of the present invention, as’ seen in the pipe longitudinal Jirection, eg. taken along the section line XX in FIG. 1 ‘The wrap thicknesses are shown as being comparatively larger than the pipe cross-section, for clarity of illustration FIG. 4 is a schematic cross section of a part ofthe joint in FIG. 3a, taken along the section line A—A. FIG, $ isa schematic a cross section of a patt of the joint in FIG. 3b, taken along the section line B-B. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION ‘The invention will now be described with reference tothe accompanying drawings (FIGS. 1-5), where lik identified by respective reference numbers. os ss 4s ss 6s 4 FIG. 1 shows a butt wrap joint made up of two aligned pipes 100, 200 wih respective abutting pipe ents 101, 201 {Shown by dotted lines), The pipe ends are wrapped with a umber of layers (or wraps) $20,-820, (shown by dotted Tines) of a material welled with 4 thertnoselting resin and covered by a chopped sirand mat (CSM) 530, aso wetted wih a thermosetting resin, FIG. 2a isa diagrammatic (and exploded) illustration of the general build-up of a laminate made up of a weaps, and shows, in ascending onder from the pipe surface 100, 101, 200,201 (only one side of pipes shown, pipes parly shown) First wrap 820, having a width Lin the pipe longitudinal irection; Second wrap 520, having a width Lin the pipe longi- tudinal direction; ‘Third wrap $20, having a width L, inthe pipe longitu- inal direction; tn wrap $20, having a wid L, inthe pipe longitudinal direction; Chopped strand mat (CSM) $30 having a width L, in the pipe longitudinal direction, FIG. 2b is an illustration similar to that of FIG. 2a, for an embodiment where n=. ‘The figures show how the wraps are disposed symmetri- cally relative to the pipe ends and that Ly>L>La>L > Fuhermore, Lycl sede and Leet ae2 pine weaps 330 through $20, have corresponding widths L; through L, hat dhnidh sugeeivcy as comint ate 27 ae eal oft linear interpolation between L~ and L,. The wrap longitu. dinal stiffness (E,,,.x1) is Consequently progressively tapered a the edges thatthe longitudinal stifness of the ps nea a fw (Wrap lies diane from wrap edge) at the edge of the wraps while it i ingeased at a faster rate away from the edger Le. (Ejor (530) (580) CE (520, )2(520,)/fP

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