EJEMPLO 1: AJUSTE POR MNIMOS CUADRADOS

Hiptesis =
x
8
10
12
16
20
30
40
60
100

a1 x^2 + a2 x + a3
y
0.88
1.22
1.64
2.72
3.96
7.66
11.96
21.56
43.16

b=

x^2

x^1

x^0

C=

64
100
144
256
400
900
1600
3600
10000

8
10
12
16
20
30
40
60
100

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

C^+ =

64
8
1

100
10
1

144
12
1

116590368 1E+006
1322336 17064
17064
296

17064
296
9

M^ -1 =

256
16
1

400
20
1

900
30
1

1600
40
1

2E-007 -2E-005 0.0003

-2E-005 0.00221 -0.0349
0.00029 -0.0349 0.7033

537940.8
6479.44
94.76

a1 =
0.0017394
a2 = 0.27821354
a3 = -1.91914925

y(exp)
0.88
1.22
1.64
2.72
3.96
7.66
11.96
21.56
43.16

y(teo)
0.42
1.04
1.67
2.98
4.34
7.99
11.99
21.04
43.30

50

Exp
Ajuste

40
30
y

x(exp)
8
10
12
16
20
30
40
60
100

20
10
0
0

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
x

EJEMPLO 2: AJUSTE NO LINEAL POR MNIMOS CUADRADOS

Hiptesis = a1 x^4 + a2 x^3 + a3 x^2 + a4 x + a5
Clculos con redondeo a 5 decimales (Precisin simple)
x
y
x^4
x^3
0.1
5.1234
0.0001
0.001
0.2
5.3057
0.0016
0.008
0.3
5.5687
0.0081
0.027
0.4
5.9378
0.0256
0.064
0.5
6.437
C=
0.0625
0.125
0.6
7.0978
0.1296
0.216
0.7
7.9493
0.2401
0.343
0.8
9.0253
0.4096
0.512
0.9
10.3627
0.6561
0.729

b=

13.93266
17.81766
23.94429
35.20757
62.8077

x^2
0.01
0.04
0.09
0.16
0.25
0.36
0.49
0.64
0.81

x^1
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9

C^+ =

0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1

0.0016
0.008
0.04
0.2
1

0.0081
0.027
0.09
0.3
1

0.0256
0.064
0.16
0.4
1

M=

0.67731
0.80804
0.97841
1.20825
1.53330

0.80804
0.97841
1.20825
1.53330
2.02500

0.97841
1.20825
1.53330
2.02500
2.85000

1.20825
1.53330
2.02500
2.85000
4.50000

a1=
a2=
a3 =
a4 =
a5 =

1.3225
2.3375
2.4569
0.8802
5.0090

x^0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.0625 0.1296 0.2401

0.125 0.216 0.343
0.25
0.36
0.49
0.5
0.6
0.7
1
1
1

1.53330
2.02500
2.85000
4.50000
9.00000

POR GRAM-CHEBYSHEV
x en [0.1,0.9]
Cambio de variable

z = (x-0.5)/0.1

z en [-4, 4]

COEFICIENTES de los polinomios de GRAM-CHEBYSHEV

z^0
z^1
z^2
z^3
z^4
P0(z)
1
0
0
0
0
P1(z)
0
0.25
0
0
0
P2(z)
-0.71428571
0
0.107143
0
0
P3(z)
0
-0.7024
0
0.059524
0
P4(z)
1.28571429
0
-0.68452
0
0.04167

TABLA DE PUNTOS
x
0.1
0.2
y
5.1234 5.3057

0.3
5.5687

0.4
5.9378

0.5
6.437

0.6
7.0978

1
-2
4
-8

1
-1
1
-1

1
0
0
0

1
1
1
1

0.7
0.8
0.9
7.9493 9.0253 10.363

CAMBIO DE VARIABLE
z^0
z^1
z^2
z^3

1
-4
16
-64

1
-3
9
-27

1
2
4
8

1
3
9
27

1
4
16
64

z^4

256

81

16

16

81

256

805
155
5
-5
5
155
1
1
1
1
1
1
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0
0.25
0.5
0.25 -0.28571 -0.60714 -0.7143 -0.60714 -0.2857
0.5 0.928571 0.642857
0 -0.64286 -0.9286
-1.5 -0.78571 0.642857 1.28571 0.64286 -0.7857

805
1
0.75
0.25
-0.5
-1.5

2555
1
1
1
1
1

9.0253
6.769
2.2563
-4.5127
-13.538

10.363
10.363
10.363
10.363
10.363

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 0.5625
0.25
0.0625
0 0.0625
0.25 0.5625
1 0.0625 0.081633 0.368622 0.5102 0.36862 0.08163 0.0625
1
0.25 0.862245 0.413265
0 0.41327 0.86224
0.25
1
2.25 0.617347 0.413265 1.65306 0.41327 0.61735
2.25

1
1
1
1
1

CANTIDADES AUXILIARES
z
P0(z)
P1(z)
P2(z)
P3(z)
P4(z)

P0(z)*y
P1(z)*y
P2(z)*y
P3(z)*y
P4(z)*y
P0(z)^2
P1(z)^2
P2(z)^2
P3(z)^2
P4(z)^2

2555
1
-1
1
-1
1

5.1234
-5.1234
5.1234
-5.1234
5.1234

5.3057
-3.9793
1.3264
2.6529
-7.9586

5.5687
-2.78435
-1.59106
5.170936
-4.37541

5.9378
6.437 7.0978 7.9493
-1.48445
0 1.77445 3.97465
-3.60509 -4.5979 -4.30938 -2.2712
3.817157
0 -4.56287 -7.3815
3.817157 8.27614 4.56287 -6.2459

RELACIONES DE ORTOGONALIDAD
P4(z) * P2(z)
P1(z) * P3(z)

1
1

-0.375 0.22449 -0.39031 -0.9184 -0.39031 0.22449

-0.375 -0.46429 -0.16071
0 -0.16071 -0.4643

-0.375
-0.375

RESULTADO
a0 =
a1 =
a2 =
a3 =
a4 =

6.97863333
2.53581333
0.76200606
0.08379071
0.0023972

P(z) = a0 P0(z) + a1 P1(z) + a2 P2(z) + a3 P3(z) + a4 P4(z)

Deshacer cambio de variable
P(x) =0.9988 + 2.9899 x + 2.0172 x^2 + 0.9920 x^3 + 5.0010 x^4

1
1

0 80 90 100

3600
60
1

10000
100
1

0.4096 0.6561
0.512 0.729
0.64
0.81
0.8
0.9
1
1

SUMA
9
1E-016
-6E-016
9E-016
4E-016

SUMA
62.808
9.5093
2.6942
0.4232
0.0245
9
3.75
3.5357
5.051
10.214

-1E-015
4E-016