Está en la página 1de 19

)/

dlpgi}Zk`Zf

:lX[ifZfdgXiXk`mf[\cX
df[`]`ZXZ`e[\cfjGifZ\jfj[\
=Xd`c`XkiXjcXI\]fidX[\
cXF]`Z`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#[\*[\efm`\dYi\9F<e%)--#[\+[\efm`\dYi\ #
Zfe\ekiX[X\em`^fi\c+[\dXpf[\)'('

@ekif[lZZ`e
CXi\]fidX`ekif[lZ`[XgficXC\p(*&)''0[\@dgcXekXZ`e[\cXF]`Z`eXAl[`Z`Xc_Xm\e`[fXdf[`]`ZXi#\eki\fkiXj
efidXj#cXC\p[\<eal`Z`Xd`\ekf:`m`cp#ZfdfZfej\Zl\eZ`X[\\ccf#j\_Xem`jkfjX]\ZkX[fjeld\ifjfjgi\Z\gkfj
i\^lcX[fi\j[\cfjgifZ\jfj[\]Xd`c`X%
:fecX]`eXc`[X[[\]XZ`c`kXi\cZfefZ`d`\ekf[\Xhl\ccfjXikZlcfj[\cXC<:hl\j\_Xedf[`]`ZX[f#XjZfdfjlk\okf#
_\dfj \cXYfiX[f \c j`^l`\ek\ ZlX[if ZfdgXiXk`mf [fe[\ j\ `eZclp\e kXekf cX el\mX i\[XZZ`e Zfdf cX Xek`^lX#
XZfdgXX[XjXdYXj[\leX[\jZi`gZ`e[\cg}iiX]ffXgXikX[f[\ZX[Xgi\Z\gkfX]\ZkX[f%
:feZi\kXd\ek\j\_Xem`jkfX]\ZkX[fjcfjj`^l`\ek\jgifZ\jfj1
$GifZ\jfj\jg\Z`Xc\j1ZXgXZ`[X[#]`c`XZ`e#dXki`dfe`fpd\efi\j%;`jgfj`Z`fe\j^\e\iXc\j%
$GifZ\jfjjfYi\]`c`XZ`e#gXk\ie`[X[pdXk\ie`[X[%
$GifZ\jfjdXki`dfe`Xc\jp[\d\efi\j%
$Fgfj`Z`eXcXji\jfclZ`fe\jX[d`e`jkiXk`mXj\edXk\i`X[\gifk\ZZ`e[\d\efi\jp[\cgifZ\[`d`\ekfgXiX[\k\i$
d`eXicXe\Z\j`[X[[\Xj\ek`d`\ekf\ecXX[fgZ`e%
$;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1[`m`j`e[\cX_\i\eZ`X%
$;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1c`hl`[XZ`e[\ci^`d\e\Zfed`ZfdXki`dfe`Xc%

Documento
disponible en:
www.sepin.es
Referencia: SP/LEG/7520

dlpgi}Zk`Zf )0

GifZ\jfj\jg\Z`Xc\j1ZXgXZ`[X[#c`XZ`e#dXki`dfe`f
pd\efi\j%;`jgfj`Z`fe\j^\e\iXc\j
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%.,'%)#
g}iiX]fj\^le[f
Ki\jZ`\ekfjki\`ekXpfZ_f

8ik%.,*
Ki\jZ`\ekfjki\`ekXpel\m\

C<:(&)'''

C<:

I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

Ef fYjkXek\ cf [`jgl\jkf \e \c g}$


iiX]fXek\i`fi#ZlXe[fXc^lef[\cfj
gXZkfjgifgl\jkfjgficfjZepl^\j
ef]l\iXXgifYX[fgfi\cki`YleXc#j\
i\hl\i`i}XcXjgXik\jX]`e[\hl\\e
\cgcXqf[\Z`eZf[XjdXe`]`\jk\ej`
[\j\Xe Zfek`elXi Zfe cX [\]\ejX p
i\gi\j\ekXZ`e e`ZXj f j`# gfi \c
ZfekiXi`f#gi\]`\i\ec`k`^XiZX[XleX
Zfe jl gifg`X [\]\ejX p i\gi\j\e$
kXZ`e% 8j`d`jdf# ZlXe[f# X g\jXi
[\cXZl\i[fjljZi`kfgficXjgXik\j
p _fdfcf^X[f gfi \c ki`YleXc# leX
[\cXjgXik\jg`[XcX\a\ZlZ`eal[`$
Z`Xc [\ [`Z_f XZl\i[f# j\ i\hl\i`i}
XcXfkiXgXiXhl\efdYi\8Yf^X[f
p GifZliX[fi hl\ cX [\]`\e[X p i\$
gi\j\ek\%

Ef fYjkXek\ cf [`jgl\jkf \e \c


g}iiX]f Xek\i`fi# ZlXe[f Xc^lef
[\ cfj gXZkfj gifgl\jkfj gfi cfj
Zepl^\jef]l\iXXgifYX[fgfi\c
Ki`YleXc#\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xci\$
hl\i`i}XcXjgXik\jX]`e[\hl\\e
\c gcXqf [\ Z`eZf [Xj dXe`]`\jk\e
j`[\j\XeZfek`elXiZfecX[\]\ejX
pi\gi\j\ekXZ`ee`ZXjfj`#gfi\c
ZfekiXi`f#gi\]`\i\ec`k`^XiZX[XleX
Zfejlgifg`X[\]\ejXpi\gi\j\e$
kXZ`e%8j`d`jdf#ZlXe[f#Xg\jXi
[\cXZl\i[fjljZi`kfgficXjgXik\j
p_fdfcf^X[fgfi\cKi`YleXc#leX
[\cXjgXik\jg`[XcX\a\ZlZ`eal[`$
Z`Xc[\[`Z_fXZl\i[f#\cJ\Zi\kXi`f
al[`Z`Xci\hl\i`i}XcXfkiXgXiXhl\
efdYi\XYf^X[fpgifZliX[fihl\
cX[\]`\e[Xpi\gi\j\ek\%

I\gi\j\ekXZ`e
p[\]\ejX
[\cXjgXik\j

8ikZlcf.,*%KiXd`kXZ`e
JXcmfhl\\ogi\jXd\ek\j\[`jgfe^X
fkiXZfjX#cfjgifZ\jfjXhl\j\i\$
]`\i\\jk\kklcfj\jljkXeZ`Xi}egfi
cfj ki}d`k\j [\c al`Z`f m\iYXc# g\if
[\ cX [\dXe[X j\ [Xi} kiXjcX[f Xc
D`e`jk\i`f=`jZXc#ZlXe[fgifZ\[X#p
XcXj[\d}jg\ijfeXjhl\#Zfe]fid\
XcXC\p#[\YXej\igXik\\e\cgif$
Z\[`d`\ekf#_XpXej`[ffef[\dXe$
[X[fj# \dgcXq}e[fc\j gXiX hl\ cX
Zfek\jk\e\e\cgcXqf[\m\`ek\[Xj#
Zfe]fid\Xcf\jkXYc\Z`[f\e\cXik$
Zlcf+',[\cXgi\j\ek\C\p%

8ikZlcf.,*%KiXd`kXZ`e
(% JXcmf hl\ \ogi\jXd\ek\ j\ [`j$
gfe^X fkiX ZfjX# cfj gifZ\jfj X
hl\ j\ i\]`\i\ \jk\ kklcf j\ jlj$
kXeZ`Xi}egficfjki}d`k\j[\cal`Z`f
m\iYXc#g\if\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc
[Xi} kiXjcX[f [\ cX [\dXe[X Xc
D`e`jk\i`f =`jZXc# ZlXe[f gifZ\[X#
p X cXj [\d}j g\ijfeXj hl\# Zfe$
]fid\XcXc\p#[\YXej\igXik\\e\c
gifZ\[`d`\ekf#_XpXej`[ffef[\$
dXe[X[fj#\dgcXq}e[fc\jgXiXhl\
cX Zfek\jk\e \e \c gcXqf [\ m\`ek\
[Xj#Zfe]fid\Xcf\jkXYc\Z`[f\e
\cXikZlcf+',[\cXgi\j\ek\c\p%

KiXd`kXZ`e

)%<ecXZ\c\YiXZ`e[\cXm`jkX[\
al`Z`fm\iYXc\e\jkfjgifZ\jfjp[\
cXZfdgXi\Z\eZ`XXhl\j\i\]`\i\
\cXikZlcf..([\cXgi\j\ek\c\p#
leX m\q giXZk`ZX[Xj cXj gil\YXj

;\jZi`gZ`e

*' XZklXc`[X[

GifZ\jfj\jg\Z`Xc\j1ZXgXZ`[X[#c`XZ`e#dXki`dfe`fpd\efi\j%
;`jgfj`Z`fe\j^\e\iXc\jZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

C<:(&)'''

C<:

I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

\cKi`YleXcg\id`k`i}XcXjgXik\j
]fidlcXi fiXcd\ek\ jlj ZfeZcl$
j`fe\j#j`\e[f[\Xgc`ZXZ`eXkXc
]`ecf\jkXYc\Z`[f\ecfjXgXikX[fj
)#*p+[\cXikZlcf+**%

KiXd`kXZ`e

:lXe[f gifZ\[X# cXj j\ek\eZ`Xj p


[\d}ji\jfclZ`fe\j[`ZkX[Xj\ecfj
gifZ\[`d`\ekfjXhl\j\i\]`\i\\jk\
Kklcfj\Zfdle`ZXi}e[\f]`Z`fXcfj
I\^`jkifj:`m`c\jgXiXcXgi}Zk`ZX[\
cfjXj`\ekfjhl\Zfii\jgfe[Xe%

:lXe[fgifZ\[X#\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal$
[`Z`XcXZfi[Xi}hl\cXjj\ek\eZ`Xj
p [\d}j i\jfclZ`fe\j [`ZkX[Xj \e
cfj gifZ\[`d`\ekfj X hl\ j\ i\$
]`\i\\jk\Kklcfj\Zfdle`hl\e[\
f]`Z`f X cfj I\^`jkifj :`m`c\j gXiX
cX gi}Zk`ZX [\ cfj Xj`\ekfj hl\
Zfii\jgfe[Xe%

8ZZ\jf[\cXj
J\ek\eZ`XjX
cfjI\^`jkifj
GYc`Zfj

J` ef cf _`Z`\i\e# j\i}e [\]\e[`[fj


gfi\cD`e`jk\i`f=`jZXc#j`\dgi\hl\
ef _XpX j`[f jk\ \c gifdfkfi [\c
gifZ\[`d`\ekf%<efkifZXjf#j\[\$
j`^eXi}le[\]\ejfial[`Z`Xc#Xefj\i
hl\\jklm`\i\pXefdYiX[f%

J`efcf_`Z`\i\e#j\i}e[\]\e[`[fj
gfi \c D`e`jk\i`f =`jZXc# j`\dgi\
hl\ef_XpXj`[fjk\\cgifdfkfi
[\c gifZ\[`d`\ekf% <e fkif ZXjf#
\c Ki`YleXc [\j`^eXi} le [\]\ejfi
al[`Z`Xc# X ef j\i hl\ \jklm`\i\ pX
efdYiX[f%

G\ijfeXZ`e
[\c[\dXe[X[f

8ik%.,*
Ki\jZ`\ekfjki\`ekXpel\m\

8ik%.,,#
g}iiX]f(%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX

8ik%.,/#
g}iiX]f)%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekXplef

;\jZi`gZ`e

GifZ\jfjjfYi\c`XZ`e#gXk\ie`[X[pdXk\ie`[X[
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%.-/%*#
g}iiX]f)%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekXp[fj

C<:(&)'''

C<:

I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

EffYjkXek\#ZlXe[fZfeZliiXeiX$
qfe\j[\li^\eZ`X#j\gf[i}eXZfi$
[Xi cXj d\[`[Xj j`e d}j ki}d`k\j#
p j\ dXe[Xi} Z`kXi X cfj `ek\i\jX$
[fj X leX ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X# hl\ j\
Z\c\YiXi} [\ekif [\ cfj [`\q [Xj
j`^l`\ek\j p \e cX hl\# kiXj fi cXj

EffYjkXek\#ZlXe[fZfeZliiXeiX$
qfe\j[\li^\eZ`X#j\gf[i}eXZfi$
[XicXjd\[`[Xjj`ed}jki}d`k\j#p
\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`XcdXe[Xi}Z`kXi
X cfj `ek\i\jX[fj X leX ZfdgXi\$
Z\eZ`X#hl\j\Z\c\YiXi}[\ekif[\
cfj[`\q[Xjj`^l`\ek\jp\ecXhl\#

;\jZi`gZ`e

D\[`[Xj
ZXlk\cXi\j

dlpgi}Zk`Zf *(

GifZ\jfjjfYi\c`XZ`e#gXk\ie`[X[pdXki`dfe`fZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%.-/%*#
g}iiX]f)%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekXp[fj

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

Xc\^XZ`fe\j [\ cfj ZfdgXi\Z`\ek\j


jfYi\cXgifZ\[\eZ`X[\cXjd\[`[Xj
X[fgkX[Xj# i\jfcm\i} \c ki`YleXc cf
hl\gifZ\[Xgfid\[`f[\Xlkf%

C<:
El\mXi\[XZZ`e

kiXjficXjXc\^XZ`fe\j[\cfjZfd$
gXi\Z`\ek\j jfYi\ cX gifZ\[\eZ`X
[\ cXj d\[`[Xj X[fgkX[Xj# i\jfc$
m\i}\cKi`YleXccfhl\gifZ\[Xgfi
d\[`f[\Xlkf%

;\jZi`gZ`e

D\[`[Xj
ZXlk\cXi\j

GifZ\jfjdXki`dfe`Xc\jp[\d\efi\j
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%..'#
i\^cX+%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekXpki\j

C<:(&)'''

C<:

I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

+% CXj gil\YXj hl\ ef gl\[Xe


giXZk`ZXij\\e\cXZkf[\cXm`jkXj\
giXZk`ZXi}e[\ekif[\cgcXqfhl\\c
ki`YleXcj\Xc\#hl\efgf[i}\oZ\$
[\i[\ki\`ekX[Xj%
;liXek\ \jk\ gcXqf# \c ki`YleXc gf$
[i} XZfi[Xi [\ f]`Z`f cXj gil\YXj
hl\ \jk`d\ e\Z\jXi`Xj gXiX Zfd$
gifYXi cX ZfeZlii\eZ`X [\ cXj Z`i$
ZlejkXeZ`Xj \e ZX[X ZXjf \o`^`[Xj
gfi\c:[`^f:`m`cgXiX[\Zi\kXicX
elc`[X[# j\gXiXZ`e f [`mfiZ`f# Xj
Zfdf cXj hl\ j\ i\]`\iXe X _\Z_fj
[\cfjhl\[\g\e[XecfjgifeleZ`X$
d`\ekfjjfYi\d\[`[Xjhl\X]\Zk\e
X cfj _`afj d\efi\j f `eZXgXZ`kX$
[fj# [\ XZl\i[f Zfe cX c\^`jcXZ`e
Z`m`c Xgc`ZXYc\% :lXe[f _lY`\i\ _`$
afjd\efi\jf`eZXgXZ`kX[fj#j\c\j

+% CXj gil\YXj hl\ ef gl\[Xe


giXZk`ZXij\ \e \c XZkf [\ cX m`jkX
j\giXZk`ZXi}e[\ekif[\cgcXqfhl\
\c Ki`YleXc j\Xc\# hl\ ef gf[i}
\oZ\[\i[\ki\`ekX[Xj%
;liXek\\jk\gcXqf#\cKi`YleXcgf$
[i} XZfi[Xi [\ f]`Z`f cXj gil\YXj
hl\ \jk`d\ e\Z\jXi`Xj gXiX Zfd$
gifYXi cX ZfeZlii\eZ`X [\ cXj Z`i$
ZlejkXeZ`Xj\eZX[XZXjf\o`^`[Xj
gfi \c :[`^f :`m`c gXiX [\Zi\kXi
cX elc`[X[# j\gXiXZ`e f [`mfiZ`f#
Xj Zfdf cXj hl\ j\ i\]`\iXe X
_\Z_fj [\ cfj hl\ [\g\e[Xe cfj
gifeleZ`Xd`\ekfj jfYi\ d\[`[Xj
hl\ X]\Zk\e X cfj _`afj d\efi\j
f `eZXgXZ`kX[fj# [\ XZl\i[f Zfe
cX c\^`jcXZ`e Z`m`c Xgc`ZXYc\% J` \c
gifZ\[`d`\ekf]l\i\Zfek\eZ`fjf

;\jZi`gZ`e

GifZ\[`d`\ekf
Zfek\eZ`fjf1
gil\YXjhl\
efgl\[Xe
giXZk`ZXij\
\e\cXZkf
[\cXm`jkX

*) XZklXc`[X[

GifZ\jfjdXki`dfe`Xc\jp[\d\efi\jZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%..'#
i\^cX+%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekXpki\j

8ik%..(%)
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX
pZlXkif

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX
pZlXkif

;\jZi`gZ`e

f`i} j` klm`\i\e jl]`Z`\ek\ al`Z`f p#


\ekf[fZXjf#j`]l\i\edXpfi\j[\
[fZ\Xfj%
<e cXj \ogcfiXZ`fe\j [\ d\efi\j
\e cfj gifZ\[`d`\ekfj Z`m`c\j j\
^XiXek`qXi} gfi \c Al\q hl\ \c d\$
efi gl\[X j\i f[f \e Zfe[`Z`fe\j
`[e\XjgXiXcXjXcmX^lXi[X[\jlj
`ek\i\j\j#j`e`ek\i]\i\eZ`Xj[\fkiXj
g\ijfeXj# p i\ZXYXe[f \oZ\gZ`f$
eXcd\ek\\cXlo`c`f[\\jg\Z`Xc`jkXj
ZlXe[f\ccfj\Xe\Z\jXi`f%

pj\\jk`d\e\Z\jXi`f[\f]`Z`ffX
g\k`Z`e[\c]`jZXc#gXik\jfd`\d$
Yifj [\c \hl`gf kZe`Zf al[`Z`Xc
f [\c gifg`f d\efi# j\ f`i} X cfj
_`afj d\efi\j f `eZXgXZ`kX[fjj`
klm`\j\ejl]`Z`\ek\al`Z`fp#\ekf[f
ZXjf#XcfjdXpfi\j[\[fZ\Xfj%
<e cXj \ogcfiXZ`fe\j [\ d\efi\j
\ecfjgifZ\[`d`\ekfjZ`m`c\jj\^X$
iXek`qXi}gfi\cAl\qhl\\cd\efi
gl\[Xj\if[f\eZfe[`Z`fe\j`[$
e\XjgXiXcXjXcmX^lXi[X[\jlj`e$
k\i\j\j#j`e`ek\i]\i\eZ`Xj[\fkiXj
g\ijfeXj p# i\ZXYXe[f \oZ\gZ`f$
eXcd\ek\\cXlo`c`f[\\jg\Z`Xc`jkXj
ZlXe[f\ccfj\Xe\Z\jXi`f%

GifZ\[`d`\ekf
Zfek\eZ`fjf1
gil\YXjhl\
efgl\[\e
giXZk`ZXij\
\e\cXZkf
[\cXm`jkX

)% 8 cX m`jkX [\ cX jfc`Z`kl[# \c Ki`$


YleXc dXe[Xi} Z`kXi X cfj Zepl$
^\j p# j` _lY`\i\ _`afj d\efi\j f
`eZXgXZ`kX[fj# Xc D`e`jk\i`f =`jZXc#
X leX ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X# \e cX hl\ j\
`ek\ekXi} le XZl\i[f [\ cXj gXik\j
p hl\ j\ Z\c\YiXi} \e cfj [`\q [Xj
j`^l`\ek\j% 8 [`Z_X ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X
[\Y\i} XZl[`i \c Zepl^\ [\dXe$
[X[fXj`jk`[fgfijlXYf^X[fpi\$
gi\j\ekX[fgfijlGifZliX[fi%

)%8cXm`jkX[\cXjfc`Z`kl[#\cJ\$
Zi\kXi`f al[`Z`Xc Z`kXi} X cfj Ze$
pl^\jp#j`_lY`\i\_`afjd\efi\jf
`eZXgXZ`kX[fj#XcD`e`jk\i`f=`jZXc#
XleXZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X\ecXhl\j\
`ek\ekXi}leXZl\i[f[\cXjgXik\j#
hl\j\XcXi}\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc
phl\j\Z\c\YiXi}\ecfj[`\q[Xj
j`^l`\ek\j%8[`Z_XZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X
[\Y\i} XZl[`i \c Zepl^\ [\dXe$
[X[fXj`jk`[fgfijlXYf^X[fpi\$
gi\j\ekX[fgfijlgifZliX[fi%
;\ \jkX i\jfclZ`e [Xi} Zl\ekX
\e \c d`jdf [X Xc Ki`YleXc gXiX
hl\gl\[XXZfi[Xi[\`ed\[`Xkf#j`
cXli^\eZ`X[\cZXjfcfXZfej\aXi\#
cfj\]\ZkfjXhl\j\i\]`\i\\cXik$
Zlcf (') [\c :[`^f :`m`c p cf hl\
Zfej`[\i\ gifZ\[\ek\ \e i\cXZ`e
Zfe cX Zljkf[`X [\ cfj _`afj p ljf
[\ cX m`m`\e[X p XalXi ]Xd`c`Xi\j%
:fekiX \jkX i\jfclZ`e ef j\ [Xi}
i\ZlijfXc^lef%

D\[`[Xj
gifm`j`feXc\j
gi\m`Xj

*% <e \c XZkf [\ cX ZfdgXi\Z\e$


Z`X X hl\ j\ i\]`\i\ \c XgXikX[f
Xek\i`fi# j` ef _lY`\i\ XZl\i[f [\
cfj Zepl^\j jfYi\ cXj d\[`[Xj X

D\[`[Xj
gifm`j`feXc\j
gi\m`Xj1
ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X

<ecXd`jdXi\jfclZ`egf[i}XZfi$
[Xi[\`ed\[`Xkf#j`cXli^\eZ`X[\c
ZXjfcfXZfej\aXi\#cfj\]\ZkfjXhl\
j\i\]`\i\\cXikZlcf(')[\c:[`^f
:`m`cpcfhl\Zfej`[\i\gifZ\[\ek\
\e i\cXZ`e Zfe cX Zljkf[`X [\ cfj
_`afj p ljf [\ cX m`m`\e[X p XalXi
]Xd`c`Xi\j% :fekiX \jkX i\jfclZ`e
efj\[Xi}i\ZlijfXc^lef%

8ik%..(%*#
g}iiX]f(%

C<:
El\mXi\[XZZ`e

*%<e\cXZkf[\cXZfdgXi\Z\eZ`XX
hl\j\i\]`\i\\cXgXikX[fXek\i`fi#
j`ef_lY`\i\XZl\i[f[\cfjZepl$
^\j jfYi\ cXj d\[`[Xj X X[fgkXi f

dlpgi}Zk`Zf **

GifZ\jfjdXki`dfe`Xc\jp[\d\efi\jZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%..(%*#
g}iiX]f(%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX
pZlXkif

8ik%..)
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX
pZ`eZf

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

C<:
El\mXi\[XZZ`e

;\jZi`gZ`e

jk\#f[f#\ejlZXjf#\cD`e`jk\i`f
=`jZXc# ef ]l\iX XgifYX[f \e kf[f
f\egXik\gfi\cki`YleXc# j\ f`i}e
cXjXc\^XZ`fe\j[\cfjZfeZlii\ek\j
p j\ giXZk`ZXi} cX gil\YX hl\ j$
kfj gifgfe^Xe p hl\ ef j\X `ek`c
f `dg\ik`e\ek\# Xj Zfdf cX hl\ \c
ki`YleXcXZl\i[\[\f]`Z`f%J`Xc^leX
gil\YXefgl[`\iXgiXZk`ZXij\\ecX
ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X# j\ j\XcXi} ]\Z_X
gXiXjlgi}Zk`ZX#\ele`[X[[\XZkf#
[\ekif[\cfj[`\q[Xjj`^l`\ek\j%

X[fgkXi f j` [`Z_f XZl\i[f# f[f#


\e jl ZXjf# \c D`e`jk\i`f =`jZXc#
ef ]l\iX XgifYX[f \e kf[f f \e
gXik\ gfi \c Ki`YleXc# j\ f`i}e cXj
Xc\^XZ`fe\j [\ cfj ZfeZlii\ek\j p
j\ giXZk`ZXi} cX gil\YX hl\ jkfj
gifgfe^Xe p hl\ ef j\X `ek`c f
`dg\ik`e\ek\# Xj Zfdf cX hl\ \c
Ki`YleXc XZl\i[\ [\ f]`Z`f% J` Xc$
^leXgil\YXefgl[`\iXgiXZk`ZXij\
\e cX ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X# \c J\Zi\kX$
i`fal[`Z`Xcj\XcXi}]\Z_XgXiXjl
gi}Zk`ZX#\ele`[X[[\XZkf#[\ekif
[\cfj[`\q[Xjj`^l`\ek\j%

D\[`[Xj
gifm`j`feXc\j
gi\m`Xj1
ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X

8ikZlcf..)%:fe]`idXZ`efdf$
[`]`ZXZ`e [\ cXj d\[`[Xj gifm`$
j`feXc\j gi\m`Xj X cX [\dXe[X# Xc
X[d`k`ij\jkX
(%:lXe[fj\_lY`\i\eX[fgkX[fd\$
[`[XjZfeXek\i`fi`[X[XcX[\dXe[X#
X[d`k`[X jkX# j\ le`i}e cXj XZklX$
Z`fe\j jfYi\ X[fgZ`e [\ [`Z_Xj
d\[`[XjXcfjXlkfj[\cgifZ\jf[\
elc`[X[#j\gXiXZ`ef[`mfiZ`f#jfc`$
Z`k}e[fj\#XkXc\]\Zkf#\cZfii\jgfe$
[`\ek\k\jk`dfe`f#j`cXjXZklXZ`fe\j
jfYi\cXjd\[`[Xjj\_lY`\iXegif$
[lZ`[f \e ki`YleXc [`jk`ekf [\c hl\
ZfefqZX[\cX[\dXe[X%
)%JcfZlXe[f\cki`YleXcZfej`[\i\
hl\gifZ\[\Zfdgc\kXifdf[`]`ZXi
cXjd\[`[Xjgi\m`Xd\ek\XZfi[X[Xj
ZfemfZXi} X cXj gXik\j X leX Zfd$
gXi\Z\eZ`X#hl\j\jljkXeZ`Xi}Zfe
Xii\^cfXcf[`jgl\jkf\e\cXikZlcf
Xek\i`fi%
:fekiX \c Xlkf hl\ j\ [`Zk\ ef j\
[Xi}i\ZlijfXc^lef%

8ikZlcf..)%:fe]`idXZ`efdf$
[`]`ZXZ`e [\ cXj d\[`[Xj gifm`$
j`feXc\jgi\m`XjXcX[\dXe[X#Xc
X[d`k`ij\jkX
(% :lXe[f j\ _lY`\i\e X[fgkX[f
d\[`[Xj Zfe Xek\i`fi`[X[ X cX [\$
dXe[X#X[d`k`[XjkX#\cJ\Zi\kX$
i`f al[`Z`Xc le`i} cXj XZklXZ`fe\j
jfYi\X[fgZ`e[\[`Z_Xjd\[`[XjX
cfjXlkfj[\cgifZ\jf[\elc`[X[#j\$
gXiXZ`ef[`mfiZ`f#jfc`Z`k}e[fj\#X
kXc\]\Zkf#\cZfii\jgfe[`\ek\k\jk`$
dfe`f#j`cXjXZklXZ`fe\jjfYi\cXj
d\[`[Xjj\_lY`\iXegif[lZ`[f\e
Ki`YleXc[`jk`ekf[\chl\ZfefqZX[\
cX[\dXe[X%
)%JcfZlXe[f\cKi`YleXcZfej`[\i\
hl\gifZ\[\Zfdgc\kXifdf[`]`ZXi
cXj d\[`[Xj gi\m`Xd\ek\ XZfi[X$
[Xjfi[\eXi}hl\j\Zfemfhl\XcXj
gXik\j X leX ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X# hl\
j\XcXi} \c J\Zi\kXi`f al[`Z`Xc p
j\jljkXeZ`Xi}ZfeXii\^cfXcf[`j$
gl\jkf\e\cXikZlcfXek\i`fi%
:fekiX \c Xlkf hl\ j\ [`Zk\ ef j\
[Xi}i\ZlijfXc^lef%

:fe]`idXZ`e
fdf[`]`ZXZ`e
[\cXjd\[`[Xj
gifm`j`feXc\j
gi\m`Xj

*+ XZklXc`[X[

GifZ\jfjdXki`dfe`Xc\jp[\d\efi\jZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%..*%*
g}iiX]f(%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX
pZ`eZf

8ik%..*%+
g}iiX]f)%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX
pj\`j

8ik%..+%,
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX
pj`\k\

8ik%..Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX
pfZ_f

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

C<:
El\mXi\[XZZ`e

;\jZi`gZ`e

*% 8ek\j [\ [`ZkXi cX i\jfclZ`e X


hl\j\i\]`\i\\cXgXikX[fXek\i`fi#
j\ ZfemfZXi} X cfj Zepl^\j p# \e
jl ZXjf# Xc D`e`jk\i`f =`jZXc# X leX
ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X#hl\j\jljkXeZ`Xi}
Zfe]fid\ X cf gi\m`jkf \e \c Xi$
kZlcf..(%

*% 8ek\j [\ [`ZkXi \c Ki`YleXc cX


i\jfclZ`eXhl\j\i\]`\i\\cXgXi$
kX[f Xek\i`fi# \c J\Zi\kXi`f al[`$
Z`Xc ZfemfZXi} X cfj Zepl^\j p#
\e jl ZXjf# Xc D`e`jk\i`f =`jZXc# X
leXZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X#hl\j\jljkXe$
Z`Xi} Zfe]fid\ X cf gi\m`jkf \e \c
XikZlcf..(%

J` cX m`jkX ef gl[`\iX j\XcXij\ \e


\c gcXqf `e[`ZX[f# j\ ZfemfZXi} cX
ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X X hl\ j\ i\]`\i\ \c
XgXikX[f*[\\jk\XikZlcf%

J`cXm`jkXefgl[`\iXj\XcXij\\e
\cgcXqf`e[`ZX[f#\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal$
[`Z`XcZfemfZXi}cXZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X
X hl\ j\ i\]`\i\ \c XgXikX[f * [\
\jk\XikZlcf%

,%Cfji\Zlijfjhl\#Zfe]fid\XcX
c\p#j\`ek\igfe^XeZfekiXcXj\ek\e$
Z`Xefjljg\e[\i}ecX\]`ZXZ`X[\cXj
d\[`[Xjhl\j\_lY`\i\eXZfi[X[f
\ejkX%J`cX`dgl^eXZ`eX]\ZkXiX
e`ZXd\ek\XcfjgifeleZ`Xd`\ekfj
jfYi\ d\[`[Xj# j\ [\ZcXiXi} cX ]`i$
d\qX[\cgifeleZ`Xd`\ekfjfYi\cX
elc`[X[#j\gXiXZ`ef[`mfiZ`f%

,%Cfji\Zlijfjhl\#Zfe]fid\XcX
c\p# j\ `ek\igfe^Xe ZfekiX cX j\e$
k\eZ`X ef jljg\e[\i}e cX \]`ZXZ`X
[\ cXj d\[`[Xj hl\ j\ _lY`\i\e
XZfi[X[f\ejkX%J`cX`dgl^eXZ`e
X]\ZkXiXe`ZXd\ek\Xcfjgifele$
Z`Xd`\ekfj jfYi\ d\[`[Xj# j\ [\$
ZcXiXi}gfi\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`XccX
]`id\qX[\cgifeleZ`Xd`\ekfjfYi\
cXelc`[X[#j\gXiXZ`ef[`mfiZ`f%

D\[`[Xj
[\]`e`k`mXj1
\]`ZXZ`Xp
i\Zlijfj

8ikZlcf..-%<a\ZlZ`e]fiqfjX[\
cfj gifeleZ`Xd`\ekfj jfYi\ d\$
[`[Xj
Cfj gifeleZ`Xd`\ekfj jfYi\ d\[`$
[Xj j\ \a\ZlkXi}e Zfe Xii\^cf X cf
[`jgl\jkf\e\cc`Yif@@@[\\jkXC\p#
ZfecXj\jg\Z`Xc`[X[\jj`^l`\ek\j1
(% 8c Zepl^\ f gif^\e`kfi hl\ `e$
ZldgcX[\dXe\iXi\`k\iX[XcXjfYc`$
^XZ`fe\j[\gX^f[\ZXek`[X[hl\c\
Zfii\jgfe[Xe gf[i}e `dgfeij\c\
dlckXjZf\iZ`k`mXj#ZfeXii\^cfXcf
[`jgl\jkf\e\cXikZlcf.((pj`eg\i$
al`Z`f [\ _XZ\i \]\Zk`mXj jfYi\ jl
gXki`dfe`fcXjZXek`[X[\j[\Y`[Xjp
efjXk`j]\Z_Xj%

8ikZlcf..-%<a\ZlZ`e]fiqfjX[\
cfj gifeleZ`Xd`\ekfj jfYi\ d\[`$
[Xj
CfjgifeleZ`Xd`\ekfjjfYi\d\[`[Xj
j\ \a\ZlkXi}e Zfe Xii\^cf X cf [`j$
gl\jkf\e\cC`Yif@@@[\\jkXc\p#Zfe
cXj\jg\Z`Xc`[X[\jj`^l`\ek\j1
(% 8c Zepl^\ f gif^\e`kfi hl\ `e$
ZldgcX[\dXe\iXi\`k\iX[XcXjfYc`$
^XZ`fe\j[\gX^f[\ZXek`[X[hl\c\
Zfii\jgfe[Xe gf[i}e `dgfeij\c\
gfi\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`XcdlckXjZf\i$
Z`k`mXj#ZfeXii\^cfXcf[`jgl\jkf\e
\cXikZlcf.((pj`eg\ial`Z`f[\_XZ\i
\]\Zk`mXjjfYi\jlgXki`dfe`fcXjZXe$
k`[X[\j[\Y`[XjpefjXk`j]\Z_Xj%

<a\ZlZ`e
[\d\[`[Xj

D\[`[Xj
gifm`j`feXc\j
Zf\k}e\Xj

dlpgi}Zk`Zf *,

GifZ\jfjdXki`dfe`Xc\jp[\d\efi\jZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%..Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX
pfZ_f

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

C<:
El\mXi\[XZZ`e

)% <e ZXjf [\ `eZldgc`d`\ekf [\


fYc`^XZ`fe\j ef g\Zle`Xi`Xj [\
ZXi}Zk\i g\ijfeXcj`df# ef gifZ\$
[\i} cX jljk`klZ`e Xlkfd}k`ZX gfi
\c \hl`mXc\ek\ g\Zle`Xi`f gi\m`jkX
\e \c XgXikX[f k\iZ\if [\c XikZlcf
.'0 p gf[i}e dXek\e\ij\ cXj dlc$
kXj Zf\iZ`k`mXj d\ejlXc\j kf[f \c
k`\dgf hl\ j\X e\Z\jXi`f d}j Xcc}
[\cgcXqf[\leXf\jkXYc\Z`[f\e
[`Z_fgi\Z\gkf%

)% <e ZXjf [\ `eZldgc`d`\ekf [\


fYc`^XZ`fe\j ef g\Zle`Xi`Xj [\
ZXi}Zk\i g\ijfeXcj`df# ef gifZ\$
[\i}cXjljk`klZ`eXlkfd}k`ZXgfi
\c \hl`mXc\ek\ g\Zle`Xi`f gi\m`jkX
\e\cXgXikX[fk\iZ\if[\cXikZlcf
.'0pgf[i}e#j`Xjcfalq^XZfem\$
e`\ek\\cKi`YleXc#dXek\e\ij\cXj
dlckXjZf\iZ`k`mXjd\ejlXc\jkf[f
\c k`\dgf hl\ j\X e\Z\jXi`f d}j
Xcc}[\cgcXqf[\leXf\jkXYc\Z`[f
\e[`Z_fgi\Z\gkf%

*% <c `eZldgc`d`\ekf i\`k\iX[f [\


cXj fYc`^XZ`fe\j [\i`mX[Xj [\c i$
^`d\e [\ m`j`kXj# kXekf gfi gXik\
[\cgif^\e`kfi^lXi[X[fiZfdf[\c
ef ^lXi[X[fi gf[i} [Xi cl^Xi X cX
df[`]`ZXZ`e[\ci^`d\e[\^lXi[X
pm`j`kXj

*%<c`eZldgc`d`\ekfi\`k\iX[f[\
cXj fYc`^XZ`fe\j [\i`mX[Xj [\c i$
^`d\e [\ m`j`kXj# kXekf gfi gXik\
[\cgif^\e`kfi^lXi[X[fiZfdf[\c
ef ^lXi[X[fi# gf[i} [Xi cl^Xi X
cXdf[`]`ZXZ`egfi\cKi`YleXc[\c
i^`d\e[\^lXi[Xpm`j`kXj%
+% :lXe[f [\YXe j\i fYa\kf [\
\a\ZlZ`e]fiqfjX^Xjkfj\okiXfi$
[`eXi`fj#ef\ogi\jXd\ek\gi\m`j$
kfj \e cXj d\[`[Xj [\]`e`k`mXj f
gifm`j`feXc\j# [\Y\i} jfc`Z`kXij\
gi\m`Xd\ek\ Xc [\jgXZ_f [\ \a\$
ZlZ`e cX [\ZcXiXZ`e [\ hl\ cX
ZXek`[X[i\ZcXdX[Xk`\e\cXZfe$
j`[\iXZ`e [\ ^Xjkf \okiXfi[`$
eXi`f% ;\c \jZi`kf jfc`Z`kXe[f cX
[\ZcXiXZ`e [\ ^Xjkf \okiXfi[`$
eXi`fj\[Xi}m`jkXXcXZfekiXi`X
p# \e ZXjf [\ fgfj`Z`e [\ekif
[\ cfj Z`eZf [Xj j`^l`\ek\j# \c
Ki`YleXc ZfemfZXi} X cXj gXik\j
X leX m`jkX hl\ j\ jljkXeZ`Xi}
ZfeXii\^cfXcf[`jgl\jkf\ecfj
XikZlcfj++'pj`^l`\ek\jphl\
i\jfcm\i}d\[`Xek\Xlkf%

;\jZi`gZ`e

<a\ZlZ`e
[\d\[`[Xj

*- XZklXc`[X[

GifZ\jfjdXki`dfe`Xc\jp[\d\efi\jZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%...%*
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZlXi\ekX
pel\m\

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

*%8cXm`jkX[\cXjfc`Z`kl[[\j\gX$
iXZ`ef[`mfiZ`f#j\dXe[Xi}Z`kXeX
cfjZepl^\j#[\ekif[\cfjki\j[Xj
j`^l`\ek\j# gXiX hl\ j\ iXk`]`hl\e
gfij\gXiX[f\ejlg\k`Z`e%J`jkX
ef]l\iXiXk`]`ZX[XgfiXc^lef[\cfj
Zepl^\j#j\XZfi[Xi}[\`ed\[`Xkf
\c XiZ_`mf [\ cXj XZklXZ`fe\j# j`e
lck\i`fii\Zlijf#hl\[Xe[fXjXcmf\c
[\i\Z_f[\cfjZepl^\jXgifdfm\i
cXj\gXiXZ`ef\c[`mfiZ`fZfe]fid\
Xcf[`jgl\jkf\e\cXikZlcf..'%

C<:
El\mXi\[XZZ`e

*%8[d`k`[XcXjfc`Z`kl[[\j\gXiX$
Z`e f [`mfiZ`f# \c J\Zi\kXi`f al[`$
Z`Xc Z`kXi} X cfj Zepl^\j# [\ekif
[\ cfj ki\j [Xj j`^l`\ek\j# gXiX
hl\j\iXk`]`hl\egfij\gXiX[f\e
jlg\k`Z`e%J`jkXef]l\iXiXk`]`$
ZX[X gfi Xc^lef [\ cfj Zepl^\j#
\c J\Zi\kXi`f al[`Z`Xc XZfi[Xi} [\
`ed\[`Xkf \c XiZ_`mf [\ cXj XZklX$
Z`fe\j# hl\[Xe[f X jXcmf \c [\i\$
Z_f[\cfjZepl^\jXgifdfm\icX
j\gXiXZ`e f \c [`mfiZ`f Zfe]fid\
X cf [`jgl\jkf \e \c XikZlcf ..'%
:fekiX \jkX i\jfclZ`e [\c J\Zi\$
kXi`f al[`Z`Xc gf[i} `ek\igfe\ij\
i\Zlijf[`i\Zkf[\i\m`j`eXek\\c
Ki`YleXc%

;\jZi`gZ`e

GifZ\[`d`\ekfj
[\dlklf
XZl\i[f1
iXk`]`ZXZ`e

Fgfj`Z`eXcXji\jfclZ`fe\jX[d`e`jkiXk`mXj\edXk\i`X
[\gifk\ZZ`e[\d\efi\jpgifZ\[`d`\ekfgXiX
[\k\id`eXicXe\Z\j`[X[[\Xj\ek`d`\ekf\ecXX[fgZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%./'%*

8ik%./'%+
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX

C<:(&)'''

C<:

I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

*%<cki`YleXci\ZcXdXi}XcX\ek`[X[
X[d`e`jkiXk`mX le k\jk`dfe`f Zfd$
gc\kf [\c \og\[`\ek\# hl\ [\Y\i}
j\i XgfikX[f \e \c gcXqf [\ m\`ek\
[Xj%

*%<cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xci\ZcXdXi}
XcX\ek`[X[X[d`e`jkiXk`mXlek\j$
k`dfe`f Zfdgc\kf [\c \og\[`\ek\#
hl\[\Y\i}j\iXgfikX[f\e\cgcXqf
[\m\`ek\[Xj%

+%I\Z`Y`[f\ck\jk`dfe`f[\c\og\$
[`\ek\X[d`e`jkiXk`mf#j\\dgcXqXi}
Xc XZkfi gfi m\`ek\ [Xj gXiX hl\
gi\j\ek\cX[\dXe[X#hl\j\kiXd`$
kXi}ZfeXii\^cfXcfgi\m`jkf\e\c
XikZlcf.,*%

+% I\Z`Y`[f \c k\jk`dfe`f [\c \o$


g\[`\ek\ X[d`e`jkiXk`mf# \c J\Zi\$
kXi`f al[`Z`Xc \dgcXqXi} Xc XZkfi
gfi m\`ek\ [Xj gXiX hl\ gi\j\ek\
cX [\dXe[X# hl\ j\ kiXd`kXi} Zfe
Xii\^cf X cf gi\m`jkf \e \c XikZl$
cf.,*%

;\jZi`gZ`e

Fgfj`Z`eX
i\jfclZ`fe\j
X[d`e`jkiXk`mXj
\edXk\i`X[\
gifk\ZZ`e[\
d\efi\j

dlpgi}Zk`Zf *.

Fgfj`Z`eXcXji\jfclZ`fe\jX[d`e`jkiXk`mXj\edXk\i`X
[\gifk\ZZ`e[\d\efi\jp[\cgifZ\[`d`\ekfgXiX
[\k\id`eXicXe\Z\j`[X[[\Xj\ek`d`\ekf\ecXX[fgZ`eZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%./(
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX
plef

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

8ikZlcf ./(% GifZ\[`d`\ekf gXiX


[\k\id`eXicXe\Z\j`[X[[\Xj\e$
k`d`\ekf\ecXX[fgZ`e
(%CfjgX[i\jhl\gi\k\e[Xehl\j\
i\ZfefqZXcXe\Z\j`[X[[\jlXj\e$
k`d`\ekf gXiX cX X[fgZ`e gf[i}e
ZfdgXi\Z\iXek\\cki`YleXchl\\jk
ZfefZ`\e[f [\c Zfii\jgfe[`\ek\
\og\[`\ek\ p dXe`]\jkXicf Xj% <c
ki`YleXc# Zfe jljg\ej`e [\c \og\$
[`\ek\#j\XcXi}\cgcXqfhl\\jk`d\
e\Z\jXi`f gXiX cX gi\j\ekXZ`e [\
cX [\dXe[X# hl\ ef gf[i} j\i jl$
g\i`fi X m\`ek\ [Xj% Gi\j\ekX[X cX
[\dXe[X# j\ kiXd`kXi} Zfe Xii\^cf
X cf gi\m`jkf \e \c XikZlcf .,* [\
\jkXC\p%

8ikZlcf./(%GifZ\[`d`\ekfgXiX
[\k\id`eXicXe\Z\j`[X[[\Xj\e$
k`d`\ekf\ecXX[fgZ`e
(% Cfj gX[i\j hl\ gi\k\e[Xe hl\
j\ i\ZfefqZX cX e\Z\j`[X[ [\ jl
Xj\ek`d`\ekfgXiXcXX[fgZ`egf$
[i}e ZfdgXi\Z\i Xek\ \c Ki`YleXc
hl\\jkZfefZ`\e[f[\cZfii\jgfe$
[`\ek\ \og\[`\ek\ p dXe`]\jkXicf
Xj%<cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc#Zfejlj$
g\ej`e[\c\og\[`\ek\#j\XcXi}\c
gcXqfhl\\jk`d\e\Z\jXi`fgXiXcX
gi\j\ekXZ`e [\ cX [\dXe[X# hl\
efgf[i}j\ijlg\i`fiXm\`ek\[Xj%
Gi\j\ekX[X cX [\dXe[X# j\ kiXd`$
kXi}ZfeXii\^cfXcfgi\m`jkf\e\c
XikZlcf.,*%

)% J` ef j\ gi\j\ekXiX cX [\dXe[X


\e\cgcXqf]`aX[fgfi\cki`YleXcj\
[`ZkXi} Xlkf [Xe[f gfi ]`eXc`qX[f
\cki}d`k\%;`ZkX[X\jkXi\jfclZ`e#
efj\X[d`k`i}e`e^leXi\ZcXdXZ`e
gfjk\i`fi[\cfjd`jdfjjla\kfjjf$
Yi\e\Z\j`[X[[\Xj\ek`d`\ekfgXiX
cXX[fgZ`e[\hl\j\kiXk\%

)%J`efj\gi\j\ekXiXcX[\dXe[X
\e\cgcXqf]`aX[fgfi\cJ\Zi\kXi`f
al[`Z`Xc j\ [`ZkXi} [\Zi\kf [Xe[f
gfi ]`eXc`qX[f \c ki}d`k\# [\Zi\kf
hl\j\i}i\Zlii`Yc\[`i\ZkXd\ek\
\ei\m`j`eXek\\cKi`YleXc%=`id\
[`Z_X i\jfclZ`e# ef j\ X[d`k`i}
e`e^leX i\ZcXdXZ`e gfjk\i`fi [\
cfjd`jdfjjla\kfjjfYi\e\Z\j`[X[
[\ Xj\ek`d`\ekf gXiX cX X[fgZ`e
[\hl\j\kiXk\%

C<:

;\jZi`gZ`e

GifZ\[`d`\ekf
gXiX[\k\id`eXi
cXe\Z\j`[X[
[\Xj\ek`d`\ekf
\ecXX[fgZ`e

*/ XZklXc`[X[

;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1;`m`j`e[\cX_\i\eZ`X
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc

C<:(&)'''

C<:

I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

8ik%./*%)

)% GiXZk`ZX[Xj cXj XZklXZ`fe\j Xe$


k\i`fi\j f# j` ef ]l\iX e\Z\jXi`f# X
cX m`jkX [\ cX jfc`Z`kl[ [\ [`m`j`e
al[`Z`Xc [\ cX _\i\eZ`X j\ dXe[Xi}
ZfemfZXiXAlekXXcfj_\i\[\ifj#X
cfjc\^XkXi`fj[\gXik\XcZlfkXpXc
Zepl^\ jfYi\m`m`\ek\# j\XcXe[f
[X[\ekif[\cfj[`\qj`^l`\ek\j%

)%GiXZk`ZX[XjcXjXZklXZ`fe\jXe$
k\i`fi\jf#j`ef]l\iXe\Z\jXi`f#X
cX m`jkX [\ cX jfc`Z`kl[ [\ [`m`j`e
al[`Z`Xc[\cX_\i\eZ`X#\cJ\Zi\kX$
i`fal[`Z`XcZfemfZXi}XAlekXXcfj
_\i\[\ifj#Xcfjc\^XkXi`fj[\gXik\
XcZlfkXpXcZepl^\jfYi\m`m`\ek\#
j\XcXe[f [X [\ekif [\ cfj [`\q
j`^l`\ek\j%

8ik%./*%+

+%J\ZfemfZXi}kXdY`eXcD`e`jk\$
i`f=`jZXcgXiXhl\i\gi\j\ek\Xcfj
`ek\i\jX[fj\ecX_\i\eZ`Xhl\j\Xe
d\efi\j f `eZXgXZ`kX[fj p ef k\e$
^Xei\gi\j\ekXZ`ec\^k`dXpXcfj
Xlj\ek\j Zlpf gXiX[\if j\ `^efi\%
CXi\gi\j\ekXZ`e[\cD`e`jk\i`f=`j$
ZXcZ\jXi}leXm\qhl\cfjd\efi\j
f `eZXgXZ`kX[fj \jke _XY`c`kX[fj
[\ i\gi\j\ekXek\ c\^Xc f [\]\ejfi
al[`Z`Xcp#i\jg\Zkf[\cfjXlj\ek\j#
ZlXe[f j\ gi\j\ek\e \e \c al`Z`f f
gl\[Xej\iZ`kX[fjg\ijfeXcd\ek\#
Xlehl\ml\cmXeXXlj\ekXij\%

+%<cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`XcZfemfZXi}
kXdY`e Xc D`e`jk\i`f =`jZXc gXiX
hl\ i\gi\j\ek\ X cfj `ek\i\jX[fj
\e cX _\i\eZ`X hl\ j\Xe d\efi\j
f`eZXgXZ`kX[fjpefk\e^Xei\gi\$
j\ekXZ`ec\^k`dXpXcfjXlj\ek\j
Zlpf gXiX[\if j\ `^efi\% CX i\$
gi\j\ekXZ`e [\c D`e`jk\i`f =`jZXc
Z\jXi} leX m\q hl\ cfj d\efi\j
f `eZXgXZ`kX[fj \jke _XY`c`kX[fj
[\ i\gi\j\ekXek\ c\^Xc f [\]\ejfi
al[`Z`Xcp#i\jg\Zkf[\cfjXlj\ek\j#
ZlXe[fj\gi\j\ek\e\e\cal`Z`ff
gl\[Xej\iZ`kX[fjg\ijfeXcd\ek\#
Xlehl\ml\cmXeXXlj\ekXij\%

,% Cfj XZi\\[fi\j X hl\ j\ i\]`\i\


\c XgXikX[f , [\c XikZlcf Xek\i`fi
j\i}eZfemfZX[fjXcXAlekXZlXe[f
\jklm`\i\eg\ijfeX[fj\e\cgifZ\$
[`d`\ekf% Cfj hl\ ef \jklm`\i\e
g\ijfeX[fj ef j\i}e Z`kX[fj# g\if
gf[i}e gXik`Z`gXi \e \ccX j` ZfeZl$
ii\e \e \c [X j\XcX[f XgfikXe[f
cfj kklcfj aljk`]`ZXk`mfj [\ jlj
Zi[`kfj

,%CfjXZi\\[fi\jXhl\j\i\]`\i\
\cXgXikX[f,[\cXikZlcfXek\i`fi
j\i}e ZfemfZX[fj gfi \c J\Zi\$
kXi`f al[`Z`Xc X cX AlekX ZlXe[f
\jklm`\i\e g\ijfeX[fj \e \c gif$
Z\[`d`\ekf%Cfjhl\ef\jklm`\i\e
g\ijfeX[fjefj\i}eZ`kX[fj#g\if
gf[i}egXik`Z`gXi\e\ccXj`ZfeZl$
ii\e\e\c[Xj\XcX[fXgfikXe[f
cfj kklcfj aljk`]`ZXk`mfj [\ jlj
Zi[`kfj%

C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%./*%,
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX
p[fj

;\jZi`gZ`e

:femfZXkfi`X
[\AlekX
gXiX[\j`^eXi
ZfekX[fi
pg\i`kfj

dlpgi}Zk`Zf *0

;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1;`m`j`e[\cX_\i\eZ`XZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%./+%+
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX
pki\j

8ik%./,%(
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX
pZlXkif

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

8ik%./.%(

;\jZi`gZ`e

+%J\i}Xgc`ZXYc\XcZfekX[fi[\j`^$
eX[fgfijfik\fcf[`jgl\jkfgXiXcX
i\ZljXZ`e[\cfjg\i`kfj%

+%J\i}Xgc`ZXYc\XcZfekX[fi[\j`^$
eX[fgfijfik\fcf[`jgl\jkfgXiX
cXi\ZljXZ`epgifm`j`e[\]fe[fj
[\cfjg\i`kfj%

;\j`^eXZ`e
[\cZfekX[fi
p[\cfjg\i`kfj

(%<c\^`[fj\cZfekX[fipcfjg\i`kfj#
\e jl ZXjf# gi\m`X XZ\gkXZ`e# j\
\eki\^Xi}e cfj Xlkfj Xc gi`d\if p
j\ gfe[i}e X [`jgfj`Z`e [\ jk\ p
[\ cfj g\i`kfj ZlXekfj fYa\kfj# [f$
Zld\ekfjpgXg\c\je\Z\j`k\egXiX
giXZk`ZXi\c`em\ekXi`f#ZlXe[fjk\
ef_lY`\i\j`[f_\Z_f#p\cXmXcf#
cXc`hl`[XZ`epcX[`m`j`e[\cZXl[Xc
_\i\[`kXi`f%

(%<c\^`[fj\cZfekX[fipcfjg\i`kfj#
\e jl ZXjf# gi\m`X XZ\gkXZ`e# \c
J\Zi\kXi`f al[`Z`Xc \eki\^Xi} cfj
XlkfjXcgi`d\ifpgfe[i}X[`jgfj`$
Z`e[\jk\p[\cfjg\i`kfjZlXekfj
fYa\kfj#[fZld\ekfjpgXg\c\je\$
Z\j`k\egXiXgiXZk`ZXi\c`em\ekXi`f#
ZlXe[fjk\ef_lY`\i\j`[f_\Z_f#
p\cXmXcf#cXc`hl`[XZ`epcX[`m`$
j`e[\cZXl[Xc_\i\[`kXi`f%

<eki\^X[\cX
[fZld\ekXZ`e
XcZfekX[fi

*%8`ejkXeZ`X[\gXik\#gf[i}\cki`$
YleXc d\[`Xek\ gifm`[\eZ`X ]`aXi Xc
ZfekX[filegcXqfgXiXhl\gi\j\ek\
cXjfg\iXZ`fe\j[`m`jfi`Xj#pj`efcf
m\i`]`ZXi\# j\i} i\jgfejXYc\ [\ cfj
[Xfjpg\ial`Z`fj%

*% 8 `ejkXeZ`X [\ gXik\# gf[i} \c


J\Zi\kXi`f al[`Z`Xc d\[`Xek\ [`c`$
^\eZ`X ]`aXi Xc ZfekX[fi le gcXqf
gXiXhl\gi\j\ek\cXjfg\iXZ`fe\j
[`m`jfi`Xj#pj`efcfm\i`]`ZXi\#j\i}
i\jgfejXYc\[\cfj[Xfjpg\ial`$
Z`fj%

8ik%./,%*
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX
pZlXkif

C<:
El\mXi\[XZZ`e

(% ;\ cXj fg\iXZ`fe\j [`m`jfi`Xj j\


[Xi} kiXjcX[f X cXj gXik\j# \dgcX$
q}e[fcXjgfi[`\q[XjgXiXhl\]fi$
dlc\efgfj`Z`e%;liXek\\jk\gcXqf#
gf[i}e cXj gXik\j \oXd`eXi \e cX
J\Zi\kXiXcfjXlkfjpcXjfg\iXZ`f$
e\j[`m`jfi`XjpfYk\e\i#XjlZfjkX#
cXjZfg`Xjhl\jfc`Z`k\e%
CX fgfj`Z`e _XYi} [\ ]fidlcXij\
gfi \jZi`kf# \ogi\jXe[f cfj glekfj
[\cXjfg\iXZ`fe\j[`m`jfi`XjXhl\
j\ i\]`\i\ p cXj iXqfe\j \e hl\ j\
]le[X%

(%<cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc[Xi}kiXj$
cX[fXcXjgXik\j[\cXjfg\iXZ`f$
e\j[`m`jfi`Xj#\dgcXq}e[fcXjgfi
[`\q [Xj gXiX hl\ ]fidlc\e fgf$
j`Z`e%;liXek\\jk\gcXqf#gf[i}e
cXj gXik\j \oXd`eXi \e cX F]`Z`eX
al[`Z`XccfjXlkfjpcXjfg\iXZ`fe\j
[`m`jfi`XjpfYk\e\i#XjlZfjkX#cXj
Zfg`Xjhl\jfc`Z`k\e%
CX fgfj`Z`e _XYi} [\ ]fidlcXij\
gfi\jZi`kf#\ogi\jXe[fcfjglekfj
[\cXjfg\iXZ`fe\j[`m`jfi`XjXhl\
j\ i\]`\i\ p cXj iXqfe\j \e hl\ j\
]le[X%

GcXqfgXiX
gi\j\ekXicXj
fg\iXZ`fe\j
[`m`jfi`Xj

8gifYXZ`e[\
cXjfg\iXZ`fe\j
[`m`jfi`Xjp
fgfj`Z`eX\ccXj

+' XZklXc`[X[

;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1;`m`j`e[\cX_\i\eZ`XZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

8ik%./.%)

)%GXjX[f[`Z_fkid`efj`e_XZ\ij\
fgfj`Z`efcl\^fhl\cfj`ek\i\jX$
[fj_XpXedXe`]\jkX[fjlZfe]fid`$
[X[#\cki`YleXcccXdXi}cfjXlkfjX
cXm`jkXp[`ZkXi}XlkfXgifYXe[fcXj
fg\iXZ`fe\j [`m`jfi`Xj# dXe[Xe[f
gifkfZfc`qXicXj%

)% GXjX[f [`Z_f kid`ef j`e _X$


Z\ij\ fgfj`Z`e f cl\^f hl\ cfj
`ek\i\jX[fj_XpXedXe`]\jkX[fjl
Zfe]fid`[X[#\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc
[`ZkXi}[\Zi\kfXgifYXe[fcXjfg\$
iXZ`fe\j[`m`jfi`Xj#dXe[Xe[fgif$
kfZfc`qXicXj%

8ik%./.%*

*% :lXe[f \e k`\dgf _}Y`c j\ _l$


Y`\i\]fidXc`qX[fcXfgfj`Z`eXcXj
fg\iXZ`fe\j [`m`jfi`Xj# \c ki`YleXc
dXe[Xi} ZfemfZXi Xc ZfekX[fi p X
cXjgXik\jXleXZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X#hl\
j\Z\c\YiXi}[\ekif[\cfj[`\q[Xj
j`^l`\ek\j%

*% :lXe[f \e k`\dgf _}Y`c j\ _l$


Y`\i\]fidXc`qX[fcXfgfj`Z`eXcXj
fg\iXZ`fe\j[`m`jfi`Xj#\cJ\Zi\kX$
i`fal[`Z`XcZfemfZXi}XcZfekX[fi
pXcXjgXik\jXleXZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X
Xek\\cKi`YleXc#hl\j\Z\c\YiXi}
[\ekif[\cfj[`\q[Xjj`^l`\ek\j%

8ik%./.%+

+%J`\ecXZfdgXi\Z\eZ`Xj\XcZXe$
qXi\ cX Zfe]fid`[X[ [\ kf[fj cfj
`ek\i\jX[fj i\jg\Zkf X cXj Zl\j$
k`fe\j gifdfm`[Xj# j\ \a\ZlkXi} cf
XZfi[X[fp\cZfekX[fi_Xi}\ecXj
fg\iXZ`fe\j[`m`jfi`XjcXji\]fidXj
Zfem\e`[Xj# hl\ j\i}e XgifYX[Xj
gfi \c ki`YleXc Zfe Xii\^cf X cf
[`jgl\jkf\e\cXgXikX[f)[\\jk\
XikZlcf%

+% J` \e cX ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`X j\ Xc$


ZXeqXiX cX Zfe]fid`[X[ [\ kf[fj
cfj`ek\i\jX[fji\jg\ZkfXcXjZl\j$
k`fe\jgifdfm`[Xj#j\\a\ZlkXi}cf
XZfi[X[fp\cZfekX[fi_Xi}\ecXj
fg\iXZ`fe\j[`m`jfi`XjcXji\]fidXj
Zfem\e`[Xj# hl\ j\i}e XgifYX[Xj
Zfe Xii\^cf X cf [`jgl\jkf \e \c
XgXikX[f)[\\jk\XikZlcf%

8ik%./.%-

-% :lXe[f# Zfe]fid\ X cf \jkXYc\$


Z`[f \e \c XikZlcf +' [\ \jkX C\p#
j\ _lY`\iXe jljg\e[`[f cXj XZklX$
Z`fe\j gfi \jkXi g\e[`\ek\ ZXljX
g\eXc\ehl\j\`em\jk`^l\le[\c`kf
[\Zf_\Z_fZfd\k`[f\e\cXmXcf[\
cfjY`\e\j[\cX_\i\eZ`X#cXjljg\e$
j`ej\XcqXi}#j`e\jg\iXiXhl\cX
ZXljX]`eXc`Z\gfii\jfclZ`e]`id\#
\e ZlXekf cfj `ek\i\jX[fj# gi\j$
Z`e[`\e[f [\c XmXcf `dgl^eX[f#
gi\j\ekXi\e fkif _\Z_f [\ Zfde
XZl\i[f# \e Zlpf ZXjf j\ [`ZkXi}
j\ek\eZ`X Zfe Xii\^cf X cf hl\ i\$
jlck\[\jk\%

-%:lXe[f#Zfe]fid\Xcf\jkXYc\$
Z`[f\e\cXikZlcf+'[\\jkXc\p#j\
_lY`\iXe jljg\e[`[f cXj XZklXZ`f$
e\jgfi\jkXig\e[`\ek\ZXljXg\eXc
\ehl\j\`em\jk`^l\le[\c`kf[\Zf$
_\Z_fZfd\k`[f\e\cXmXcf[\cfj
Y`\e\j[\cX_\i\eZ`X#cXjljg\ej`e
j\XcqXi}gfi\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc#
j`e\jg\iXiXhl\cXZXljX]`eXc`Z\
gfii\jfclZ`e]`id\#\eZlXekfcfj
`ek\i\jX[fj#gi\jZ`e[`\e[f[\cXmX$
cf `dgl^eX[f# gi\j\ekXi\e fkif
_\Z_f[\ZfdeXZl\i[f#\eZlpf
ZXjfj\[`ZkXi}j\ek\eZ`XZfeXii\$
^cfXcfhl\i\jlck\[\jk\%

C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX
pZ`eZf

C<:

;\jZi`gZ`e

8gifYXZ`e[\
cXjfg\iXZ`fe\j
[`m`jfi`Xjp
fgfj`Z`eX\ccXj

dlpgi}Zk`Zf +(

;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1;`m`j`e[\cX_\i\eZ`XZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

8ik%.//%(

(% 8gifYX[Xj [\]`e`k`mXd\ek\ cXj


gXik`Z`fe\j# j\ gifZ\[\i} X \eki\$
^Xi X ZX[X lef [\ cfj `ek\i\jX[fj
cf hl\ \e \ccXj c\ _XpX j`[f X[al$
[`ZX[f p cfj kklcfj [\ gifg`\[X[#
gfe`e[fj\ gi\m`Xd\ek\ \e jkfj
gfi\cXZklXi`fefkXj\ogi\j`mXj[\
cXX[al[`ZXZ`e%

(% 8gifYX[Xj [\]`e`k`mXd\ek\ cXj


gXik`Z`fe\j#\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc
gifZ\[\i} X \eki\^Xi X ZX[X lef
[\ cfj `ek\i\jX[fj cf hl\ \e \ccXj
c\_XpXj`[fX[al[`ZX[fpcfjkklcfj
[\ gifg`\[X[# gfe`e[fj\ gi\m`X$
d\ek\\ejkfjgfi\cXZklXi`fef$
kXj\ogi\j`mXj[\cXX[al[`ZXZ`e%

8ik%.//%)

)% Cl\^f hl\ j\Xe gifkfZfc`qX[Xj#


j\[Xi}XcfjgXikZ`g\jhl\cfg`[`\$
i\ek\jk`dfe`f[\jl_XY\ipX[al[`$
ZXZ`ei\jg\Zk`mfj%

)%Cl\^fhl\j\XegifkfZfc`qX[Xj#
\c J\Zi\kXi`f al[`Z`Xc [Xi} X cfj
gXikZ`g\j hl\ cf g`[`\i\e k\jk`$
dfe`f [\ jl _XY\i p X[al[`ZXZ`e
i\jg\Zk`mfj%

8ikZlcf ./0% K\id`eXZ`e [\c


gifZ\[`d`\ekfgfiXZl\i[f[\cfj
Zf_\i\[\ifj%
<e ZlXchl`\i \jkX[f [\c al`Z`f gf$
[i}ecfj`ek\i\jX[fjj\gXiXij\[\jl
j\^l`d`\ekfpX[fgkXicfjXZl\i[fj
hl\ \jk`d\e Zfem\e`\ek\j% :lXe[f
cfjfc`Z`kXi\e[\ZfdeXZl\i[f#[\$
Y\i}\cki`YleXcjfYi\j\\i\cal`Z`fp
gfe\icfjY`\e\jX[`jgfj`Z`e[\cfj
_\i\[\ifj%

8ikZlcf ./0% K\id`eXZ`e [\c


gifZ\[`d`\ekfgfiXZl\i[f[\cfj
Zf_\i\[\ifj%
<e ZlXchl`\i \jkX[f [\c al`Z`f gf$
[i}e cfj `ek\i\jX[fj j\gXiXij\
[\ jl j\^l`d`\ekf p X[fgkXi cfj
XZl\i[fj hl\ \jk`d\e Zfem\e`\e$
k\j%:lXe[fcfjfc`Z`kXi\e[\Zfde
XZl\i[f# [\Y\i} \c J\Zi\kXi`f al$
[`Z`Xc jfYi\j\\i \c al`Z`f p gfe\i
cfjY`\e\jX[`jgfj`Z`e[\cfj_\$
i\[\ifj%

K\id`eXZ`e[\c
gifZ\[`d`\ekf
gfiXZl\i[f[\
cfjZf_\i\[\ifj

(% <e \c ZXjf X hl\ j\ i\]`\i\ \c


XgXikX[f([\cXikZlcfXek\i`fi#leX
m\q giXZk`ZX[Xj cXj XZklXZ`fe\j
hl\\ecj\d\eZ`feXe#\cki`YleXc
X[fgkXi} d\[`Xek\ gifm`[\eZ`X cXj
d\[`[Xjhl\\jk`d\d}jZfe[lZ\e$
k\jgXiXXm\i`^lXij`cXg\ijfeX[\
ZlpX jlZ\j`e j\ kiXkX _X dl\ikf
Zfe[`jgfj`Z`ek\jkXd\ekXi`Xfj`e
\ccX# fi[\eXe[f# X kXc \]\Zkf# hl\
j\kiX`^XXcfjXlkfjZ\ik`]`ZX[f[\c
I\^`jkif>\e\iXc[\8Zkfj[\ck`dX
MfclekX[#XjZfdf\cZ\ik`]`ZX[f[\
[\]leZ`ecl\^fhl\j\Xgfj`Yc\%

(%<e\cZXjfXhl\j\i\]`\i\\cXgXi$
kX[f([\cXikZlcfXek\i`fi#leXm\q
giXZk`ZX[XjcXjXZklXZ`fe\jhl\\e
cj\d\eZ`feXe#\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal$
[`Z`XcX[fgkXi}d\[`Xek\[`c`^\eZ`X
cXjd\[`[Xjhl\\jk`d\d}jZfe[l$
Z\ek\jgXiXXm\i`^lXij`cXg\ijfeX
[\ZlpXjlZ\j`ej\kiXkX_Xdl\ikf
Zfe[`jgfj`Z`ek\jkXd\ekXi`Xfj`e
\ccX#fi[\eXe[f#XkXc\]\Zkf#hl\j\
kiX`^XXcfjXlkfjZ\ik`]`ZX[f[\cI\$
^`jkif >\e\iXc [\ 8Zkfj [\ ck`dX
MfclekX[#XjZfdf\cZ\ik`]`ZX[f[\
[\]leZ`ecl\^fhl\j\Xgfj`Yc\%

@ek\im\eZ`e
al[`Z`Xc[\cX
_\i\eZ`XZlXe[f
efZfejk\cX
\o`jk\eZ`X[\
k\jkXd\ekfe`
[\gXi`\ek\j
ccXdX[fjXcX
jlZ\j`ec\^k`dX

C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX
pj\`j

8ik%./0
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX
pj`\k\

8ik%.0(%(
g}iiX]f(%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX
pfZ_f

C<:

;\jZi`gZ`e

<eki\^X
[\cfjY`\e\j
X[al[`ZX[fj
XZX[X_\i\[\if

+) XZklXc`[X[

;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1;`m`j`e[\cX_\i\eZ`XZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%.0*%)
Ki\jZ`\ekfjZ`eZl\ekX
pel\m\

8ik%.0+%+
g}iiX]f(%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekX

8ik%.0-%)
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekXplef

8ik%.0.
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekXplef

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

)% <e cX d`jdX i\jfclZ`e# j\X$


cXi} [X p _fiX gXiX cX ]fidXZ`e
[\`em\ekXi`f#dXe[Xe[fZ`kXiXcfj
`ek\i\jX[fj%

)%;`ZkX[X[`Z_Xi\jfclZ`e#\cJ\$
Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xcj\XcXi}[Xp_fiX
gXiX cX ]fidXZ`e [\ `em\ekXi`f#
dXe[Xe[fZ`kXiXcfj`ek\i\jX[fj%

:`kXZ`e[\cfj
`ek\i\jX[fjgXiX
cX]fidXZ`e
[\`em\ekXi`f

+%J`j\jljZ`kXi\Zfekifm\ij`XjfYi\
cX `eZclj`e f \oZclj`e [\ Y`\e\j
\e\c`em\ekXi`fj\Z`kXi}Xcfj`ek\$
i\jX[fjXleXm`jkX#Zfek`elXe[fcX
kiXd`kXZ`eZfeXii\^cfXcfgi\m`jkf
gXiX\cal`Z`fm\iYXc%

+%J`j\jljZ`kXi\Zfekifm\ij`Xjf$
Yi\cX`eZclj`ef\oZclj`e[\Y`\$
e\j \e \c `em\ekXi`f \c J\Zi\kXi`f
al[`Z`Xc Z`kXi} X cfj `ek\i\jX[fj X
leX m`jkX# Zfek`elXe[f cX kiXd`kX$
Z`eZfeXii\^cfXcfgi\m`jkfgXiX
\cal`Z`fm\iYXc%

:`kXZ`egXiX
m`jkX\eZXjf
[\Zfekifm\ij`X

)%;liXek\cXjljkXeZ`XZ`e[\cgif$
Z\[`d`\ekf[\[`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\cX
_\i\eZ`X gf[i}e g\[`i cfj _\i\[\$
ifj#[\ZfdeXZl\i[f#hl\Z\j\cX
`ek\im\eZ`eal[`Z`Xc%<cki`YleXcXj
cfXZfi[Xi}#jXcmfZlXe[fXc^lef[\
cfj `ek\i\jX[fj j\X d\efi f `eZX$
gXZ`kX[f p ef k\e^X i\gi\j\ekXek\
c\^XcfZlXe[f_XpXXc^e_\i\[\if
Xlj\ek\ Xc hl\ ef _XpX gf[`[f Z`$
kXij\gfi`^efiXij\jlgXiX[\if%

)%;liXek\cXjljkXeZ`XZ`e[\cgif$
Z\[`d`\ekf[\[`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\cX
_\i\eZ`X gf[i}e g\[`i cfj _\i\[\$
ifj#[\ZfdeXZl\i[f#hl\Z\j\cX
`ek\im\eZ`eal[`Z`Xc%<cJ\Zi\kXi`f
al[`Z`Xc Xj cf XZfi[Xi} d\[`Xek\
[\Zi\kf#jXcmfZlXe[fXc^lef[\cfj
`ek\i\jX[fjj\Xd\efif`eZXgXZ`$
kX[fpefk\e^Xi\gi\j\ekXek\c\^Xc
fZlXe[f_XpXXc^e_\i\[\ifXl$
j\ek\Xchl\ef_XpXgf[`[fZ`kXij\
gfi`^efiXij\jlgXiX[\if%

:\jXZ`e
[\cX
`ek\im\eZ`e
al[`Z`Xc[\cX
_\i\eZ`X

8ikZlcf .0.% Gfj\j`e [\c ZXi^f


[\X[d`e`jkiX[fi[\cX_\i\eZ`X
(% EfdYiX[f \c X[d`e`jkiX[fi p
gi\jkX[X gfi jk\ cX ZXlZ`e# j\ c\
gfe[i} \e gfj\j`e [\ jl ZXi^f#
[}e[fc\Xi\ZfefZ\iXcXjg\ijfeXj
hl\ \c d`jdf [\j`^e\ [\ Xhl\ccXj
Zfe hl`\e\j [\YX \ek\e[\ij\ gXiX
jl[\j\dg\f%
)%GXiXhl\gl\[XXZi\[`kXijli\$
gi\j\ekXZ`ej\c\[Xi}k\jk`dfe`f#
\e hl\ Zfejk\ jl efdYiXd`\ekf p
hl\j\_XccX\egfj\j`e[\cZXi^f%

8ikZlcf.0.%Gfj\j`e[\cZXi^f
[\X[d`e`jkiX[fi[\cX_\i\eZ`X
(% EfdYiX[f \c X[d`e`jkiX[fi p
gi\jkX[Xgfijk\cXZXlZ`e#\cJ\$
Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xcc\gfe[i}\egfj\$
j`e[\jlZXi^f#[}e[fc\XZfefZ\i
X cXj g\ijfeXj hl\ \c d`jdf [\$
j`^e\[\XhlccXjZfehl`\e\j[\YX
\ek\e[\ij\gXiXjl[\j\dg\f%
)%GXiXhl\gl\[XXZi\[`kXijli\$
gi\j\ekXZ`e\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc
c\ [Xi} k\jk`dfe`f# \e hl\ Zfejk\
jlefdYiXd`\ekfphl\j\_XccX\e
gfj\j`e[\cZXi^f%

8[d`e`jkiX[fi
[\cX_\i\eZ`X

C<:

;\jZi`gZ`e

dlpgi}Zk`Zf +*

;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1;`m`j`e[\cX_\i\eZ`XZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

C<:
El\mXi\[XZZ`e

;\jZi`gZ`e

*%Gf[i}_XZ\ij\ZfejkXi\e\cI\$
^`jkif[\cXGifg`\[X[\c\jkX[f[\
X[d`e`jkiXZ`e [\ cXj ]`eZXj [\ cX
_\i\eZ`Xp\cefdYiXd`\ekf[\X[$
d`e`jkiX[fid\[`Xek\\cZfii\jgfe$
[`\ek\dXe[Xd`\ekfal[`Z`XcZfecfj
i\hl`j`kfjgi\m`jkfj\ecXc\^`jcXZ`e
_`gfk\ZXi`X%

*% Gf[i} _XZ\ij\ ZfejkXi \e \c


I\^`jkif[\cXGifg`\[X[\c\jkX[f
[\X[d`e`jkiXZ`e[\cXj]`eZXj[\
cX _\i\eZ`X p \c efdYiXd`\ekf [\
X[d`e`jkiX[fi d\[`Xek\ \c Zfii\j$
gfe[`\ek\ dXe[Xd`\ekf \og\[`[f
gfi \c J\Zi\kXi`f al[`Z`Xc Zfe cfj
i\hl`j`kfj gi\m`jkfj \e cX c\^`jcX$
Z`e_`gfk\ZXi`X%

8[d`e`jkiX[fi
[\cX_\i\eZ`X

8ik%.00%)

)% 8c i\e[`i cX Zl\ekX# \c X[d`e`j$


kiX[fi Zfej`^eXi} \c jXc[f hl\ [\
cX d`jdX i\jlck\ f gi\j\ekXi} \c
i\j^lXi[f fi`^`eXc hl\ XZi\[`k\
_XY\icf [\gfj`kX[f \e \c \jkXYc\$
Z`d`\ekf [\jk`eX[f Xc \]\Zkf% <e \c
gi`d\i ZXjf# \c ki`YleXc XZfi[Xi}
`ed\[`XkXd\ek\ d\[`Xek\ gifm`$
[\eZ`X\c[\gj`kfp#\e\cj\^le[f#
hl\j\gfe^X\ecfjXlkfj[`c`^\eZ`X
\ogi\j`mX[\cX]\Z_XpZXek`[X[[\c
d`jdf%

)% 8c i\e[`i cX Zl\ekX# \c X[d`e`j$


kiX[fi Zfej`^eXi} \c jXc[f hl\ [\
cX d`jdX i\jlck\ f gi\j\ekXi} \c
i\j^lXi[f fi`^`eXc hl\ XZi\[`k\
_XY\icf [\gfj`kX[f \e \c \jkXYc\$
Z`d`\ekf[\jk`eX[fXc\]\Zkf%<e\c
gi`d\iZXjf#\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc
XZfi[Xi}`ed\[`XkXd\ek\d\[`Xek\
[`c`^\eZ`X \c [\gj`kf p# \e \c j\$
^le[f# hl\ j\ gfe^X \e cfj Xlkfj
[`c`^\eZ`X \ogi\j`mX [\ cX ]\Z_X p
ZXek`[X[[\cd`jdf%

I\e[`Z`e
g\i`[`ZX
[\Zl\ekXj

8ik%.00%*

*%GXiX\c\]\Zkf[\`ejkil`ij\[\cXj
Zl\ekXj p X ]`e [\ `ejg\ZZ`feXi cX
X[d`e`jkiXZ`e f gifdfm\i ZlXc\j$
hl`\iX d\[`[Xj hl\ m\ij\e jfYi\
i\Zk`]`ZXZ`efXgifYXZ`e[\Xhl$
ccXj# j\i}e gl\jkXj [\ dXe`]`\jkf
\e cX J\Zi\kXiX X cX gXik\ hl\# \e
ZlXchl`\ik`\dgf#cfg`[`\i\%

*% GXiX \c \]\Zkf [\ `ejkil`ij\ [\


cXjZl\ekXjpX]`e[\`ejg\ZZ`feXi
cXX[d`e`jkiXZ`efgifdfm\iZlX$
c\jhl`\iXd\[`[Xjhl\m\ij\ejfYi\
i\Zk`]`ZXZ`efXgifYXZ`e[\Xhl$
ccXj#j\i}egl\jkXj[\dXe`]`\jkf\e
cXF]`Z`eXal[`Z`XcXcXgXik\hl\#\e
ZlXchl`\ik`\dgf#cfg`[`\i\%

@ejkilZZ`e[\
Zl\ekXj\ecX
F]`Z`eXAl[`Z`Xc

)%Kf[XjcXjZl\ekXj[\cX[d`e`jkiX$
[fi#`eZcljfcX]`eXc#j\i}egl\jkXj[\
dXe`]`\jkfXcXjgXik\j\ecXJ\Zi\$
kXiX#ZlXe[fZ\j\\e\c[\j\dg\f
[\jlZXi^f#gfilekid`efZfde#
hl\ \c ki`YleXc j\XcXi} d\[`Xek\
gifm`[\eZ`Xj\^ecX`dgfikXeZ`X[\
XhlccXj%

)% Kf[Xj cXj Zl\ekXj [\c X[d`e`j$


kiX[fi#`eZcljfcX]`eXc#j\i}egl\j$
kXj[\dXe`]`\jkfXcXjgXik\j\ecX
F]`Z`eXal[`Z`Xc#ZlXe[fZ\j\\e\c
[\j\dg\f[\jlZXi^f#gfileki$
d`efZfde#hl\\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal$
[`Z`Xcj\XcXi}d\[`Xek\[`c`^\eZ`X
j\^ecX`dgfikXeZ`X[\XhlccXj%

I\e[`Z`e]`eXc
[\Zl\ekXj%
Fgfj`Z`ep
8gifYXZ`e

8ik%.0.
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekXplef

Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekXpki\j

8ik%/''%)

++ XZklXc`[X[

;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1;`m`j`e[\cX_\i\eZ`XZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

*%GXjX[f[`Z_fkid`efj`e_XZ\ij\
fgfj`Z`e X cXj Zl\ekXj# \c ki`YleXc
[`ZkXi}XlkfXgifY}e[fcXjp[\ZcX$
iXe[f\o\ekf[\i\jgfejXY`c`[X[Xc
X[d`e`jkiX[fi%<e\cd`jdfXlkf#\c
ki`YleXcdXe[Xi}[\mfcm\iXcX[d`$
e`jkiX[fi cX ZXlZ`e hl\ _lY`\i\
gi\jkX[f%

*% GXjX[f [`Z_f kid`ef j`e _X$


Z\ij\ fgfj`Z`e X cXj Zl\ekXj# \c
J\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc[`ZkXi}[\Zi\kf
XgifY}e[fcXjp[\ZcXiXe[f\o\ekf
[\ i\jgfejXY`c`[X[ Xc X[d`e`jkiX$
[fi%<e\cd`jdf[\Zi\kfdXe[Xi}
[\mfcm\i Xc X[d`e`jkiX[fi cX ZXl$
Z`ehl\_lY`\i\gi\jkX[f%

I\e[`Z`e]`eXc
[\Zl\ekXj#
fgfj`Z`e
pXgifYXZ`e

)%8\jk\]`e[\Y\i}_XZ\icXji\gX$
iXZ`fe\jfi[`eXi`Xjhl\j\Xe`e[`j$
g\ejXYc\j gXiX cX Zfej\imXZ`e [\
cfjY`\e\j%:lXe[fj\Xee\Z\jXi`Xj
i\gXiXZ`fe\j f ^Xjkfj \okiXfi[`$
eXi`fj# cf gfe[i} \e ZfefZ`d`\ekf
[\cAlq^X[f#\cZlXc#fp\e[f\eleX
ZfdgXi\Z\eZ`XXcfj`ek\i\jX[fjhl\
d\eZ`feX\cXgXikX[f*[\cXikZlcf
.0*pgi\m`fi\ZfefZ`d`\ekfg\i`Z`Xc
p ]fidXZ`e [\ gi\jlgl\jkf i\jfc$
m\i}cfhl\\jk`d\gifZ\[\ek\#Xk\e$
[`[XjcXjZ`iZlejkXeZ`Xj[\cZXjf%

)% 8 \jk\ ]`e [\Y\i} _XZ\i cXj i\$


gXiXZ`fe\j fi[`eXi`Xj hl\ j\Xe
`e[`jg\ejXYc\j gXiX cX Zfej\imX$
Z`e [\ cfj Y`\e\j% :lXe[f j\Xe
e\Z\jXi`Xj i\gXiXZ`fe\j f ^Xjkfj
\okiXfi[`eXi`fj# cf gfe[i} \e Zf$
efZ`d`\ekf [\c Alq^X[f# \c ZlXc#
fp\e[f\eleXZfdgXi\Z\eZ`XXcfj
`ek\i\jX[fjhl\d\eZ`feX\cXgXi$
kX[f * [\c XikZlcf .0*# \e \c [X
p_fiXhl\XkXc\]\Zkfj\j\Xc\
gfi\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc#pgi\m`f
i\ZfefZ`d`\ekf g\i`Z`Xc p ]fidX$
Z`e [\ gi\jlgl\jkf i\jfcm\i} cf
hl\ \jk`d\ gifZ\[\ek\# Xk\e[`[Xj
cXjZ`iZlejkXeZ`Xj[\cZXjf%

:fej\imXZ`e
[\cfjY`\e\j
[\cX_\i\eZ`X

8ik%/'+%(
g}iiX]f+%

+% JfYi\ cfj [\d}j `e^i\jfj hl\


_XpX\ecXX[d`e`jkiXZ`e#gfiZfe$
Z\gkfj [`m\ijfj [\ cfj \ogi\jX[fj
\e cfj g}iiX]fj gi\Z\[\ek\j# \c
ki`YleXc c\ j\XcXi} [\c + Xc (' gfi
Z`\ekf# k\e`\e[f \e Zfej`[\iXZ`e
cfjgif[lZkfj[\cZXl[Xcp\ckiXYXaf
[\cXX[d`e`jkiXZ`e%

+% JfYi\ cfj [\d}j `e^i\jfj hl\


_XpX\ecXX[d`e`jkiXZ`e#gfiZfe$
Z\gkfj[`m\ijfj[\cfj\ogi\jX[fj
\ecfjg}iiX]fjgi\Z\[\ek\j#\cJ\$
Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xcc\j\XcXi}[\c+Xc
('gfiZ`\ekf#k\e`\e[f\eZfej`[\$
iXZ`ecfjgif[lZkfj[\cZXl[Xcp\c
kiXYXaf[\cXX[d`e`jkiXZ`e%

I\ki`YlZ`e[\c
X[d`e`jkiX[fi

8ik%/'+%)

)% KXdY`e gf[i} XZfi[Xi \c ki`Yl$


eXc# d\[`Xek\ gifm`[\eZ`X# ZlXe[f
cfZfej`[\i\aljkf#hl\j\XYfe\eXc
X[d`e`jkiX[fi cfj ^Xjkfj [\ m`Xa\j
hl\k\e^Xe\Z\j`[X[[\_XZ\igXiX
\c[\j\dg\f[\jlZXi^f%

)%KXdY`egf[i}XZfi[Xi\cJ\Zi\$
kXi`f al[`Z`Xc# d\[`Xek\ [\Zi\kf#
ZlXe[f cf Zfej`[\i\ aljkf# hl\ j\
XYfe\e Xc X[d`e`jkiX[fi cfj ^Xj$
kfj [\ m`Xa\j hl\ k\e^X e\Z\j`[X[
[\_XZ\igXiX\c[\j\dg\f[\jl
ZXi^f%

C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%/''%*
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekX
pZlXkif

8ik%/'(%)
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekX
pZ`eZf

Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekXpj\`j

C<:

;\jZi`gZ`e

dlpgi}Zk`Zf +,

;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1;`m`j`e[\cX_\i\eZ`XZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%/',%)
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekX
pj`\k\

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

)% ;`Z_fj X[d`e`jkiX[fi\j i\e[`$


i}e jlj Zl\ekXj p i\d`k`i}e cf hl\
i\ZXl[\e Xc X[d`e`jkiX[fi al[`Z`Xc#
Zfej`[\i}e[fj\ Zfdf [\g\e[`\e$
k\j [\c d`jdf# g\if ef gf[i}e j\i
j\gXiX[fj gfi jk\ j`ef gfi ZXljX
aljkX p Zfe Xlkfi`qXZ`e d\[`Xek\
gifm`[\eZ`X[\cki`YleXc%

)% ;`Z_fj X[d`e`jkiX[fi\j i\e[`$


i}ejljZl\ekXjpi\d`k`i}ecfhl\
i\ZXl[\eXcX[d`e`jkiX[fial[`Z`Xc#
Zfej`[\i}e[fj\ Zfdf [\g\e[`\e$
k\j[\cd`jdf#g\ifefgf[i}ej\i
j\gXiX[fjgfijk\j`efgfiZXljX
aljkX p Zfe Xlkfi`qXZ`e d\[`Xek\
[\Zi\kf[\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xc%

C<:

;\jZi`gZ`e

8[d`e`jkiXZ`fe\j
jlYXck\ieXj1
i\e[`Z`e
[\Zl\ekXj

;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1GifZ\[`d`\ekfgXiX
cXc`hl`[XZ`e[\ci^`d\e\Zfed`Zf$dXki`dfe`Xc
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%/'0%(
g}iiX]fj(%p+%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekX
pfZ_f

C<:(&)'''

C<:

I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

El\mXi\[XZZ`e

(%8cXm`jkX[\cXjfc`Z`kl[Xhl\j\
i\]`\i\\cXikZlcfXek\i`fi#j\j\X$
cXi}[Xp_fiXgXiXhl\#\e\cgcXqf
d}o`df[\[`\q[Xj#j\gifZ\[XXcX
]fidXZ`e[\`em\ekXi`f#dXe[Xe[f
Z`kXiXcfjZepl^\j%

(% 8 cX m`jkX [\ cX jfc`Z`kl[ X hl\


j\ i\]`\i\ \c XikZlcf Xek\i`fi# \c
J\Zi\kXi`f al[`Z`Xc j\XcXi} [X p
_fiXgXiXhl\#\e\cgcXqfd}o`df
[\[`\q[Xj#j\gifZ\[XXcX]fidX$
Z`e[\`em\ekXi`f#dXe[Xe[fZ`kXi
XcfjZepl^\j%

<e\cd`jdf[Xf\e\cj`^l`\ek\#j\
i\jfcm\i} cf hl\ gifZ\[X jfYi\ cX
X[d`e`jkiXZ`ep[`jgfj`Z`e[\cfj
Y`\e\j`eZcl`[fj\e\c`em\ekXi`f%

8ik%/'0%)
g}iiX]f)%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekX
pfZ_f

)% J` j\ jljZ`kXi\ Zfekifm\ij`X jf$


Yi\cX`eZclj`ef\oZclj`e[\Xc^e
ZfeZ\gkf\e\c`em\ekXi`ffjfYi\\c
`dgfik\ [\ ZlXchl`\iX [\ cXj gXi$
k`[Xj# j\ Z`kXi} X cfj `ek\i\jX[fj X
leX m`jkX# Zfek`elXe[f cX kiXd`kX$
Z`e Zfe Xii\^cf X cf gi\m`jkf gXiX
\cal`Z`fm\iYXc%

;\jZi`gZ`e

=fidXZ`e
[\`em\ekXi`f

<e \c d`jdf [X f \e \c j`^l`\ek\#


j\i\jfcm\i}gfi\cKi`YleXccfhl\
gifZ\[X jfYi\ cX X[d`e`jkiXZ`e p
[`jgfj`Z`e[\cfjY`\e\j`eZcl`[fj
\e\c`em\ekXi`f%
)%J`j\jljZ`kXi\Zfekifm\ij`Xjf$
Yi\cX`eZclj`ef\oZclj`e[\Xc^e
ZfeZ\gkf\e\c`em\ekXi`ffjfYi\\c
`dgfik\[\ZlXchl`\iX[\cXjgXik`$
[Xj#\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`XcZ`kXi}X
cfj `ek\i\jX[fj X leX m`jkX# Zfek`$
elXe[fcXkiXd`kXZ`eZfeXii\^cfX
cfgi\m`jkfgXiX\cal`Z`fm\iYXc%

:fekiXm\ij`X
jfYi\`eZclj`e
f\oZclj`e[\
Y`\e\j

+- XZklXc`[X[

;`m`j`eal[`Z`Xc[\gXki`dfe`fj1GifZ\[`d`\ekfgXiX
cXc`hl`[XZ`e[\ci^`d\e\Zfed`Zf$dXki`dfe`XcZfek`elXZ`e
I\]fidX[\cX
FZ`eXAl[`Z`Xc
C\p(*&)''0#
[\*[\efm`\dYi\

8ik%/('%*

8ik%/('%,
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\j\ekX
pel\m\

8ik%/((%*

8ik%/((%,
g}iiX]f(%
Ki\jZ`\ekfjj\k\ekX

C<:(&)'''
I\[XZZ`eXek`^lX

*%8[d`k`[XXki}d`k\cXjfc`Z`kl[[\
c`hl`[XZ`e#j\j\XcXi}#[\ekif[\c
gcXqfd}o`df[\[`\q[Xj#\c[Xp
_fiX \e hl\ cfj Zepl^\j [\Y\i}e
ZfdgXi\Z\iXek\\cJ\Zi\kXi`fAl[`$
Z`XcXcfYa\kf[\XcZXeqXileXZl\i[f
p#\ejl[\]\Zkf#[\j`^eXiZfekX[fi
p#\ejlZXjf#g\i`kfj#gXiXcXgi}Z$
k`ZX[\cXjfg\iXZ`fe\j[`m`jfi`Xj%
,%;\efcf^iXij\XZl\i[f\eki\cfj
Zepl^\jjfYi\cXc`hl`[XZ`e[\jl
i^`d\e\Zfed`Zf$dXki`dfe`Xc#j\
gifZ\[\i}#d\[`Xek\gifm`[\eZ`X#Xc
efdYiXd`\ekf[\ZfekX[fip#\ejl
ZXjf# g\i`kfj# Zfe]fid\ X cf \jkX$
Yc\Z`[f \e \c XikZlcf ./+ [\ \jkX
C\p#Zfek`elXe[fcXkiXd`kXZ`eZfe
Xii\^cfXcf[`jgl\jkf\ecfjXikZl$
cfj./,pj`^l`\ek\j%

*%8cXm`jkX[\cXjfc`Z`kl[[\c`hl`$
[XZ`e#j\j\XcXi}#[\ekif[\cgcXqf
d}o`df[\[`\q[Xj#\c[Xp_fiX\e
hl\ cfj Zepl^\j [\Y\i}e ZfdgX$
i\Z\i Xek\ \c J\Zi\kXi`f Al[`Z`Xc Xc
fYa\kf[\XcZXeqXileXZl\i[f%
,% ;\ ef \o`jk`i XZl\i[f \eki\ cfj
Zepl^\j#j\c\jZ`kXi}XleXm`jkX#
p Zfek`elXi} cX kiXd`kXZ`e Zfe
Xii\^cf X cf gi\m`jkf gXiX \c al`Z`f
m\iYXc%

C<:
El\mXi\[XZZ`e

*%8[d`k`[XXki}d`k\cXjfc`Z`kl[[\
c`hl`[XZ`e# \c J\Zi\kXi`f al[`Z`Xc
j\XcXi}#[\ekif[\cgcXqfd}o`df
[\ [`\q [Xj# \c [X p _fiX \e hl\
cfjZepl^\j[\Y\i}eZfdgXi\Z\i
Xek\\cd`jdfXcfYa\kf[\XcZXeqXi
leXZl\i[fp#\ejl[\]\Zkf#[\j`^$
eXiZfekX[fip#\ejlZXjf#g\i`kfj#
gXiXcXgi}Zk`ZX[\cXjfg\iXZ`fe\j
[`m`jfi`Xj%
,%;\efcf^iXij\XZl\i[f\eki\cfj
Zepl^\jjfYi\cXc`hl`[XZ`e[\jl
i^`d\e \Zfed`Zf$dXki`dfe`Xc#
j\gifZ\[\i}#d\[`Xek\[`c`^\eZ`X#
XcefdYiXd`\ekf[\ZfekX[fip#\e
jlZXjf#g\i`kfj#Zfe]fid\Xcf\j$
kXYc\Z`[f\e\cXikZlcf./+[\\jkX
c\p#Zfek`elXe[fcXkiXd`kXZ`eZfe
Xii\^cfXcf[`jgl\jkf\ecfjXikZl$
cfj./,pj`^l`\ek\j%

;\jZi`gZ`e

:fdgXi\Z\eZ`X
Xek\\c
J\Zi\kXi`f

EfdYiXd`\ekf
[\ZfekX[fi
gXik`[fi&g\i`kfj

*% 8 cX m`jkX [\ cX jfc`Z`kl[ [\ c`$


hl`[XZ`e# \c J\Zi\kXi`f al[`Z`Xc
j\XcXi}#[\ekif[\cgcXqfd}o`df
[\ [`\q [Xj# \c [X p _fiX \e hl\
cfjZepl^\j[\Y\i}eZfdgXi\Z\i
Xek\ c Xc fYa\kf [\ XcZXeqXi le
XZl\i[f%

:fdgXi\Z\eZ`X
gXiXXcZXeqXi
XZl\i[f

,% ;\ ef \o`jk`i XZl\i[f \eki\ cfj


Zepl^\j#\cJ\Zi\kXi`fal[`Z`Xcc\j
Z`kXi} X leX m`jkX# p Zfek`elXi} cX
kiXd`kXZ`e Zfe Xii\^cf X cf gi\$
m`jkfgXiX\cal`Z`fm\iYXc%

:`kXZ`e
gXiXcXm`jkX
ZlXe[fef_XpX
XZl\i[f

También podría gustarte