5. FUNCION SENOIDAL.

Continuo:

x (t)=sin ( wt )

Discretizando:

t=kt

x (kt)=z {x (kt)}
x ( z )=z {x ( kt ) }

z sin wt
z 2 z cos wt +1
2

Sabemos que:
sin(wt )=

eiwt eiwt
2i

Por Lagrange: demostracin

iwt

e =cos wt +i sin wt
eiwt=cos wt isin wt
e iwteiwt =2 isin wt

sin wt =

eiwkt eiwkt
2i

Descretizando.
t=kt

sin(wkt )=

eiwkt eiwkt
2i

x ( z )=z { x ( kt ) } =z {sin (wkt )}

x (t)=sin (wkt )

x ( z )=

1
iwRt
iwkt
( z { e }z { e
})
2i

x ( z )=

1
z
z
(

)
iwt
2i z e
z eiwt

x ( z )=

1
1
1
(

)
iwt 1
iwt 1
2i 1e z
1e z

( 1eiwt z1 ) (1eiwt z 1 )
iwt 1

(1e

x ( z )=

iwt 1

z )(1e z )
1
x ( z )=
2i

1
eiwt z1eiwt z1
(
)
2i 1e iwt z1 eiwt z 1 +e iwt eiwt z 2

( eiwt eiwt ) z1
1
x ( z )= (
)
2i 1( e iwt + eiwt ) + z1 + z2
x ( z )=

1
sin wt z1
2i 1 cos wt z1 z 2

+
2i
i
2i

(sin (wt ) z )z
x ( x )=
(12 cos wt z1+ z 2 ) z 2
x ( z )=

z sin wt
z 2 z cos wt +1
2

6. FUNCION SENOIDAL
x ( kt )=cos(wkt )

x ( z )=z {wkt }
x ( z )=

z 2z cos( wkt )
z 22 z cos ( wt )+ 1

TABLA DE RESUMEN
f (x)

x ( z)

1.

uk

2.

3.

4.

e ak

5.

sin wkt

6.

kt

x ( z )=1
x ( z )=

z
z1

x ( z )=

z
zb

x ( z )=

z
a
ze

x ( z )=

z sin wt
z 2 z cos ( wt )+ 1

x ( z )=

tz
(z1)2

7. FUNCION PARABOLICA.
F ( t )=t 2
F ( kT )=(kT )2

x ( z )=

T 2 z (z+ 1)
( z1)3

Ejemplo:
1) Hallar z de una funcin de amplitud 4 y desfase en atraso
de periodos de muestreo.
Solucin:
Formula.

x ( nm ) u ( n )=z

x ( z )+ z

x (k ) z k
k=1

x ( m+n ) u ( n )=z m x ( z )z m x ( k ) zk
k=o

x ( n )=4 u(n3)

Aplicando transformada
z ( x ( n ) )=z {4 u(n3)}
z ( x ( m ) )=4 z {u (n3)}
z ( x ( m ) )=4 z3 z {u(n) }
z ( x ( n ) )=4 z3 (

z ( x ( n ) )=

z
)
z 1

4
z z 2
3

PROPIEDADES
1 PROPIEDAD DE LA LINEALIDAD
Si

x ( z)

esta transformada o z de

z {a y 1+ y 2 u ( k ) }=az { y 1 ( k ) }+bz { y 2 ( k ) }

a y 1 k z + b y 2 (k )z
k

k=a

a y 1 ( z ) +b y 2 (z)

k=0

x (t ) , entonces:

Ejemplo: hallar la transformada de Z

2 n

=?

= 2Zn 5Z

{ (n) }

2Z

= (Z 1)2
5

rpta.

Y2(n)=

Y1(n)=n

(n)

3
2
1
0

-3 -2 1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

y1(t)=t

n!
{ Y (t) } = L { t } = n+1
1
S

{ Y (t) } = L { t) } =1
2
t=KT

{ n) } =1

Y1(KT)=KT ; T=1

1!
{
}
L
t
= S 1+1

Y1(K)=K

1
{
}
L
t
= S2

Y1(n)=n

; K=n

1 2 3

{ Y (n) } =Z
2

Z
Z { Y1(n) } = Z {n } = (Z 1)2

2) PROPIEDAD: MULTIPLICCION POR ak

Si x (Z) es la transformada Z de x(t), entonces:
Z
k
Z {a x (t ) } = x ( a )
Demostracin.

ak x (t )Zk

Z {a x (t ) } =

k=0

Z
a

()

Z {a x (t ) } =

k
Z {a x (t ) } =

x (KT )( Za )

x (t)

k=0

; t=KT

k=0

Si T=1seg.

x (K )( Za )

k
Z {a x (t ) } =

k=0

Z
= x a

()

Observacin:

Z {x (t) } =

x (K )Zk

Z {a x (t ) } =
Ejemplo:

; T=1seg.

k=0

k=0

Z
a

( )

x (K )

Z {(t) } =?
Z {KT }

K=n

=Z

{2 K } =
K

{K } =
Z
2
2

Z
( 1)
2

Z
(Z 1)2
Z
2( Z2) 2
4

2Z
2
(Z 2)

PROPIEDAD DE LA TRASLACION
Si x(Z) es la transformada Z de x(t) y xt=0 para
Z

t< 0

, entonces:

{ x ( t ) nT } = Z n x(Z)

x(t)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-4

-3

-2

-1

x(t)=t2
x(t)=(t2)2
x(t)=(t+
1)2

Ejemplo:

Hallar la solucin
a) X(n) (n)
b) X(n 1 ) (n 1)
c) X(n 1 ) (n)
d) X(n + 1 ) (n)

a) X(n) (n)

(n) =

{10;;nn>0 0

b) X(n 1 ) (n 1)

a (n1) =

1 ; ( n1 ) 0 n 1
0; ( n1 ) <0 n<1

c)

x (n1) (n)

x (n1) (n)

d)

x ( n+1 )

x (n+1)

x (n+1)(x ( n ) )

Ejemplo. Hallar Z de la siguiente expresin

y (n)=

5 n2 ; n 0
0 ; n<0

Solucin:

Z { y (n) }=Z { 5n2 }

Si:

x ( n )=5n

x ( n2 )=5 n2
2

Z { x (n2) } =Z Z x( n)
Z { x (n2) } =Z 2 Z 52

Z { x (n2) } =Z 2

Z { x (n2) } =

Z
( Z5
)

1
Z 5 Z
2

Ejemplo: Hallar Z de la grfica mostrada.

Solucin:
Es una ecuacin de recta:

1
y= x
3

y=nx

n
Y
(n)

0
0

1
1/3

2
2/3

3
1

4
1

5
1

6
1

Z { y (n) }= y (n)Zn= y ( 0 ) Z 0 + y ( 1 ) Z1 y ( 2 ) Z2 y ( 3 ) Z3 +Y ( 4 ) Z4 + y (5) Z5

k=0

1
2
Z { y (n) }= Z1 + Z 2 +1 x Z 3 +1 x Z4 +Z 5 + Z6 +
3
3
1+ Z1+ Z2+ Z3 +
1
Z
Z { y ( n ) }=
( 1+ 2 Z2) + Z3
3
Z { y ( n ) }=

( 31Z + 32Z )+ Z1 [ 1Z1 ]

2

OTRA FORMA:

y ( n )=x ( n ) ( n )x ( n3 ) ( n3 )
n n3

3
3

( )

n n 3
+ =1
3 3 3
Z { y ( n ) }=Z

{n3 }Z { ( n3) ( n3) }

[]

1
n
Z { n }Z3 Z
3
3

] (

1
Z
Z 3
Z

2
3 ( Z1 )
3 ( Z1 )2

Z { y ( n ) }= y ( Z )=

Z 2 + Z+1
3 Z 2 ( Z2 )

EJEMPLO:

x(Z)

Si.

Z
( Z1 )( Z2 )

Z 1=?
Por funciones parciales:

x (Z)
1
A
B
=
=
+
Z
( Z 1 )( Z2 ) (Z1) ( Z2)
A ( Z 2 )+ B ( Z1 )
1
=
( Z1 ) ( Z2 )
( Z 1 )( Z2 )

Si: Z =1; 1= A ( 12 ) ; A=1

Z =2; 2=B ( 22 ) ; B=1

x ( Z ) 1
1
=
+
Z
Z1 Z2
x ( Z )=

Z
Z
+
Z1 Z2

Z 1 { x ( Z ) }=Z1

x ( n )=Z1

Z
{ Z1
}+Z {Z Z2 }
1

Z
Z
{ Z1
}+ Z { Z2
}
1

x ( n )=n+ 2

Para:

n=0 ; x ( 0 )= 0+2 =1+ 1=0

n=1; x ( 1 )=1+21 =1+2=1

. n=2; x ( 2 )= ( 2 ) +2 =1+ 4=3

3

. n=3; x ( 3 )= ( 3 ) +2 =1+8=7

. x ( n )= { x ( 0 ) ; ( x ) ; ( x ) 2 ; ( x ) 3 ; . }
. x ( n )={ 0,1,3,7, }

Z { x ( n ) }= x ( n ) Z =x ( 0 ) Z + x ( 2 ) Z + x ( 3 ) Z +
n

x ( Z )=0 Z 0 +1 Z 1 +3 Z 2 +7 Z 3 +
x ( Z )=Z 1 +3 Z 2 +7 Z3 +
Z

{ x ( Z ) }={ 0,1,3,7 }

EJEMPLO 02. Hallar la transformada inversa

x ( Z )=

Z ( 2 Z1 )
Z1 Z +0.5

x (Z )
2 Z1
A
B
=
=
+
Z
( Z1 ) ( Z+ 0.5 ) Z1 Z+ 0.5

A ( Z+ 0.5 )+ B( Z1)
2 Z 1
=
(Z 1)(Z+ 0.5)
( Z1)( Z +0.5)

Z 1

de