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GREGORIAN CHANT 4 Office of Second Vespers, Nativity of Our Lord Although considerably more ornate than most, the Second Vespers of the feast of the Nativity of Our Lord (December 25) is typical of the Office cel- ebrated at sunset. The service begins with introductory prayers, including the Pater noster (the Lord!’s Prayer) and the Ave Maria (Hail Mary) (The recordings accompanying this anthology contain a ‘sample Antiphon, Tecum prinipium, Psalm 109, Dixit Dominus, and the’ Short Responsory and Verse, Notum fect. The remaining antiphons and psalms are omitted from the record set for reasons of economy.) 4) Verse: Deus in adjutorium : y a ee D E-us in adjuté-ri- um mé- um inténde. R. Démine ad adju- eras ee eee ee vindum me festi-na, Glé-rica Patri, et Fili-o, et Spicri-tu-i Sin- . Sieut érat in principi-0, et nunc, et semper, et in saécula bees Sea saecu-lé-rum. Amen, Alle-lisia. V. Deus, in adjutorium meu intende V. O God,come to my assistance. R. Domine, ad adiuvandum me festina R. O Lond, make haste to help me Gloria Patri, er Fillo, et Spiritui Sancto.Sicut Glory be to the Father, and tothe Son, and to tent in principio, et nunc, et semper et i the Holy Ghost As it was in the begin sseculasaeculorum.Amen, Alleluia ning, is now and ever shall be, world Ceekout end Amen Ale Go ‘The first verse of Psalm 69, Deus in adjutorium, is sung to a special formuls somewhat more elaborate than the usual psalm tone, 6 Engich tations rom The Saint Andrew Daily Mis ed, Dom Garpar Lefebre, OSB. (New York: [ensger Press, 1956) Reprinted by permision The Chapter Kyrie, Per nse and Prayer (One) have been omited Aniphong, Short Repersory and Verse Natu fet fom Antiphonle monatoum, 1p. 245-49. Deut in adjutria:Lier ura (LU), p 112; Pan 108 Up 128, Tone ig Prin 1102 LU, .139,Tone 7a: Pulm 111: LU p 146, Tone 74: Psalm 129: Lp. 178, Tone $A; Magieat LU, p213, Tone ig 20 4 onwconsaw ewan Offs of Second Vespers Nativny of ou Lord b) Antiphon: Teaumt principium ¥ = forum genu-i te Euouae, ‘Tecum principium in die ‘Thine shall be the dominion in the day virus tua in splendoribus of Thy strength inthe brighmess sanctorum, ex utero ante luciferam ‘of the Sains, fom the womb before the day ar gente. begoe Thee, ©) Psalm 109: Dixit Dominus HS Media of 2 accents g 1, Dixit Déminus Domino mé- 0 ; * Séde a déxtris mé- is. 1 Dixit Déminus Démino méo:* ‘The Lord said unto my Lord Séde a dest més, ‘Si Thou at My right hand. 2 Donec pénam inimfcos tos, * ‘Unal make Thine enemies scabélum pédum néram. Thy foosstool 3. Viegum virits tae emitter Dominus ‘The Lord shall vend the rod of Thy strength ce Sfon:* dominire in médio ‘out of Sion: rule Thou in the midst inimiedrum tur, ‘of Thine enemics. 4 Técurm princi in die viens tae ‘Thine shall be the dominion in che day in splendéribus ssnetérum:* ‘of Thy strength amid the brightness of the x Gtero ante lciferum Saints: from the womb, before the day star a te have I begotten Thee 4 aneconian cHAant Ofc of Second Vesper, Natvy of our Lord 2 | 5 Juve Diminas ct non penitbi Gm: # “Tues scéndos in actéenum secdindum Srdinew ‘Melchizedech 6 Déminusa déxtrs tis, * config in die irae sie répes, 7 Judie im nations, implébieruinas:* conquassibit edpita in tra mutrum, 1 De torrénte in via bibet:* propeérea exaltibir ef. 9 Gloria Piri et Fo, * et Spiritai Sacto. 10 Sicut eatin principio, et nine, ct émper,* et in sage sacculim, Amen ‘The Lord hath sworn, and will not repent: "Thou arta Priest for ever after the order of Melchisedech, ‘The Lord at Thy righ ane! shall strike through kings in the day of His wrath He shall jadge among the heathen, He shall fill che places with dead bouts He shall wound the heads over many countries, [He shall drink of the brook in the way therefore shall He ft up His head Glory be to che Father, amd'co the Son, and 0 the Holy Ghost, ‘Asit was in the beginning. now, and ever shll be, world without end ‘Amen GH : The first full psalm sung in this Office is Psalm 109, Dixit Dominus, It is pre~ ceded by the Antiphon Thum prindplum. Since this antiphon isin the Bist mode, the psalm tone for this mode is chosen, but provided with an ending on G rather than the final D, so that it may lead back casily into the first notes, E~C, ofthe antiphon, This alternate ending i ealled a difeenta(Aif- ference). The conclusion of the antiphon brings the melody around to the final D. After the last verse of the psalm, the Lesser Doxology (from the Greek dexologie, a praising), beginning withthe words Glovia Pari and end- ing with saecwlorum, Amen, is sung to the same formula. This Doxology for- mula is often abbreviated “Euouac,” standing for the sound of the vowels in SAECUIOrUm.AmEn, : 4) Antiphon: Redemptionem misit Dominus 2 Ant. = divit in @tér-num —testamén-tum suum, Eu ow ae, ‘The Lord hath sent redemption to His people, Redemptionem misit Dominus populo suo, He hath commanded his conversant for eve. rmandavic in aeternurn cestamentum sox, 4 EMEGORIAN CHANT Office of Second Vespers, Nativity of our Lord ¢) Psalm 110: Confitebor tibi Domine ‘4 Me-mo-fi-am (cit min BL ee Tai se ei-cors et mise 5. Me-mor © "at in Sae- eu-lum te 6 Ut dee is lis hae-ve a Mediant of ? accents ia 8, Redemp:ti = o-nem mi-sit po = 9. Sanctum et terri = bi le no js: 10. In= tel-lee -tus bonus om-ni-bus fa-ci-en- ‘tw Sum WGlo- hoa Pa fo ot eho 12 SI cut € = eat in prin-ci - pi - 0, et rune, et sem’ - pet, {This symbol in a psalm text calls fora Flex * This symbol in a psalm text marks the closing vesicle, which i sng to the Tenor followed by the Termination 1 The hollow note is sung when there are two unaccented syllables afte the accented one, 38 in Gopere Dé-mbal Confitebor tibi, Domine, in toto corde mie in consi iuseoran, cet congregatione, ‘Maga opera Domini: exquisita in ommes voluntates ens Confesso ot magnificentia opus eis: et justia eis mane in sicculam saceull ‘Memoriam fecie mirabliam suoru, scam dedit timventibus se, or Dominus Memor erit in sneculm eestament sui: virtem operum suerum annuntabit papa sto: I will praite Thee, O Lord, with my whole heart inthe assembly of the upright, and in the congregation ‘The works ofthe Lord are great, meet to serve for the doing of His will. Hic work is honorable and glorious, and His righteousness endureth for ever. He hath made 2 memorial of his wonderful ‘works: the Lord is gracious and fl of compassion. He hath given meat unto them that fear Fim He will ever be mindfal of His convenant He will show His people che power of His works 4 auecontan cuanr Office of Second Vespers, Nativity of ovr Lord 4 tes cam de- dit th 5 frie tu-tem 0 pe-rum su = 0-rum an -nun- 6 9°0- peor” macnucum ‘e-jus ven tam 6 Us devils hacreditatem genio ‘opera manuum eius veritas et iudicium, 7 Fidelia omnia mandsta cis ‘confimata in steculm saecul facta in weritte et aequstate 5 Redemptionem mit populo suo: rmandavit in acternum testamentam sau. 9 Sanctum et terribile nomen eis initia sapientiae tor Domin. Inelleceus bons omnibus favientibus eu: badatio cis saeculum ssecul Gloris Pats, et Filo, et Spirtui Sancto. Sicut erat in principio, et mane, ft semper, etn saccula eculorum, Amen, Return to Antipon, Redemprionem Termination of 2 aceents te eS uct se Ga we qi te. "Tr - mor Do = mi - ‘at sie cuclum se = eu + Th wot Sint. 1S um A = men. “That He may give them the heritage ofthe heathen, The works of His hands are verity and judgment A His commandments ae sre they stand fast forever and ever boeing done in ruth and uprightnes Hi sent redemption unto His people He hath commanded His convenant forever: Holy and terrible is His name. The fear ofthe Lord isthe beginning of wisdom ‘A good understanding have all they that ‘do His commandnents His praise endareth for ever Glory be to the Father, and to the,Son, and tothe Holy Ghost. ‘Asie was inthe beginning. is now and ever shall be, world without end. ‘Amen * 4 oxecoman CHANT Office of Second Vespers Naty of our Lord Qs Selection e shows how the psalm-tone formula is applied to the singing of a psalm. (See HWM, p. 45, Example 2.3: Outline of the Psalmody of the Office.) There is one tone or formula for each of the eight church modes and an extra one called the Tonus peregrinus, or “wandering tone." The for~ mula for the first half of the verse has three components: the initium, oF intonation (used only in the first verse of the psalm), the reciting tone, or tenor, and the mediatio, or mediant (semicadence in the middle of the verse). The second half of the verse usually begins on the tenor, which is main- tained until che terminatio, or final cadence, When the first half of the verse is, lengthy, as in verse 4 of this psalm, a flex (inflection) serves asa resting point. ‘The mediant and termination are adjusted according to the mumber of accents of the text, as here in the first verses miediant of two accents, ér-de ‘méo, and the same verse’ termination of two accents, -gé-tié-ne. The Lesser Doxology usually follows the last verse of the psalm, after which the antiphon is repeated. Originally two choirs alternated in singing the verses of a psalm, a procedure called antiphonal psalmody. Later a soloist chanted the first half of a verse and the choir entered at the asterisk. £) Antiphon: Exortum est in tenebris r- tum est * in té-ne- bris lumen re- et mi-sé-ri-cors et -Exortum est in tonebris amen ret “To the tre of hear alight is risen in darkness inisericors, t misertor ot ists Dominus the Lond is mercifal,and compassionate and jus. g) Psalm 111: Beatus vir qui timet Dominum Median of 2 ace Endings of 2 scents ae (BecActa ve gal Wet Diombnum: Sinmmandie jun voit nl: min commer f 1 Beétus vie qui timet Déminum: * Blessed i the man that feareth che Lord in manditis us vdlet mimi that delighteth great in Hie commandments, 2. Pétens in term dri aémen Ss: * His seed shall be mighty upon ext; _Reneritio retorum bemedieécur. the generation ofthe upright shall be blesed 4 creconian CHANT Office of Second Vepers, Nativity of ox Lord 2s 3 Gléria et divi in démo gjus;* cet justia djs mane in saBculum saécul 4 Exéreum ein tencbris Kimen réctis* miséricors,2t miserdtor, ce jets. 5 Jucindus homo qui miseréur et e6rmmod, + dispénct serménes sos in judicio:* quiz in acrérnum non commovébicur. 6 In meméria aeéena érit jastus* sbauditidne mila non timébit 7 Partum cor és sperire in Démino, + confirmitumést cor Gus: * non commovébitur donee despise inimicos so. 8 Dispérit, dédit paupéribus: 4 justia Gus manec in sagculum sagcall:* bru Gus exakabitar in gloria 9 Peccitor vidébit, et iatcétor, 4 déntibus sis frémet ot tabdscer:* My soul hath relied on His word: say soul hath hoped in the Lord From the morning watch even until night let Icael hope in the Lord For withthe Lord there is mercy, and with Him plenifal redemption ‘And He shall redeem Iii, fom al his inquites. Glory be 10 the Father, and w the Son, and to the Holy Ghost ‘Asie was in the beginning, s now and ever shall be, world without end. Amen, th its antiphon (f, h) and each in a differ- + just described. After the psalms have been che Chapter is read, on this day verses 1-2 ) Shore —o Verbum caro Ry. br. A ———— aa it VSS Erbum ca- ro factum est, * Allee la-ia, ak Seer lee It ia. _ A ‘Verbum ca ro factum est, * Alle. bes ae are aaa able 16- ia. Y.Ethabi-té-vit in no- bis. 4 anncomsan chant Office of Second Vespers, Nativity four Lord 2 est, * Alle: Id-ia, al le Id fa. R. Verbum caro factum est alleluiaalleuia. -R_ The Word was made flesh, allelua,alleluia. V. Ethabitavit in nobis. Alleluia, alleluia, V. And dwele among us. Alleluia, allluia, Gloria Patri, Filo Glory be to the Father, and tothe Son, ct Spittui Sanct. and to the Holy Ghost. + GO 7 The Short Responsory Verbum cero is an example of responsorial psalmody, taking the abbreviated form: Respond (choral)—Verse (solo)—Shortened Respond (choral) —Doxology (solo)—Respond (choral). It is called responso- rial psalmody because a soloist is answered by a choir or congregation. ¥) Hymn: Christe Redemptor omnium (Christe, Redemptor omnium, Jesu! Redeemer of the world! x Pate, Paris Unice, ‘Who, ere the ealiest dawn of light, Solus ante principium ‘Was from eternal ages born, [Natus inefabiicer Immense in glory 38 in might, 8 & Gaeconian CHANT Office of Second Vespers. Navity of our Lord ‘Tulumen,w splendor Pats, Immortal Hope of ll mankind ‘Ta pes perennis omnium Im winom the Father’ face we see Ineende, quat Fundune preces. “Hear Thou the prayers Thy people pour “Tai per orber famul ‘This day chroughout the world to Thee. Memento, sluts Auctor, Remember, O Creater Lord! ‘Qued nostri quondam corporis, “That in the Virgins sacted womb Ev ilibata Virgine “Thou wa canceivid and of her flesh Naseendo, formar sumpseis dst our mortality seaume. Sic pracsens testatur des, ‘This ver-best recurring day CCurrens per anni circulum Its witness beats that ll lone, Quod solus sede Pais From Thy own Father’ bosom forth, Mundi sus adveners, Te save the world Thow camert down Hune caclum, term hme mare, (© Day! to which the seas and sky, une omne, quod in cis et, And earth, and heav'a, gad weleome sing: Auctorem adventas ‘ui (© Day! which heal our misery [Landans exuleateantico, {And brought on earth salvation King. Nos quogue, qui sancto tuo, ‘We, 100, © Lord, who have been cleans'd Redempei sanguine surnus, InThy own fount of Blood divine, (Ob diem natalis Offer the eribute of seer song Hymnum novum concinimus (On this best natal day of Thine. Gloria bi, Domine, (0 Jesu! born of Virgin brighs, (Qui mas es de Virgie, Immoral gory be toThee: (Cum Patre et Sancto Spirits Praise to the Father infinite In sempiterna secula, Amen ‘And Holy Ghose eternally. Amen. GOs This hymn hails the arrival of the Savior on this day of his birth. Hymns as a genre are strophie—that is, he number of lines, the syllable count, and the ‘meter ofall the stanzas are the same. This hymn has seven stanzas of four lines each, each line containing eight syllables and four iambic feet; there is only occasional chyme. The poetry imitates that of some hymns ascribed to St. Ambrose (d. 397), who was said to have introduced hymns to the Mass, though recent scholarship is inclined to credit this innovation to Hilary, bishop of Poitiers (ca. 315~366). The singing of “hymns, psalms, and spieitu- al songs" it mentioned by St. Paul (Col. 3:16; Eph. 5:18-20) and other writ- cers of the first three centuries. The setting of this hyma is simple, with no ‘more than two notes per syllable, and it may have been performed thythmi- cally rather than with the free durations of prose texts and psalms. 1) Verse: Notum fecit eee nae. Y.Notum fe-cit Démi-nus, alle- It-ia. 4 cxecowian cnan Office of Second Vespers, Nativity of or Lord 29 R. Salu-ti-re su-um, alle- 16-ia. , Notum fect Dominus alles, V. The Lond hath made known, lela R, Salutare sou, allelia R. His salvation, alleluia GOs Notum fect is a responsorial recitation of verse fragments from the Gradual for the Mass of Christmas Day, Viderunt ommes, with a florid Alleluia refrain. m) Antiphon: Hodie Christus natus est Koo SL Odi- e* Chri-stus natus est : h6di- e Salvé-tor appi.ru- it: hOdi-e in terra canunt Ange-li, lzetén- tur Ar- 4 t chinge-li: h6di- e _exsl- tant justi, dicéntes :Gl6ri- a cs Pog Berto = =f oe in excélsis De- 0, alle- 1é- Hodie Christus natus et hodie Salvator “This day Christ was born: this day the Savior paruitshodic in tera canunt Angeli, appeared: this day the Angek sing on earth, Jaetantur Archangeli hodie exsltan ist, and the Archanges rejoice: this day the just exul dicentet: Gloria in excelie Deo, allel, saying: Glory to God inthe highest, alles 30 4% amrconian cant Office of Second Vespers, Nativity of our Lond 1) Canticle: Magnificat Mediant oft accent with 3 Endings of 1 accent with 2 prepara otitis 1 SS ioe i beet

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