JOSE LUIS PORRAS CARVAJAL-1650532

MARTINEZ GOMEZ-1650517

ELIUDT

EJERCICIOS DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES

SOLUCION DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES LINEALES POR

FACTOR INTEGRANTE
dy
+ p(x ) y =g ( x)
dx
Resolver:
'
y + 4 xy=x
e

p ( x ) dx

p ( x )=4 x
u( x )=e

4 x dx

u( x )=e

x
2

u( x )=e 2 x

y=

1
u ( x ) p (x) dx
u( x )

y=

1
e 2 x x dx
2x
e
2 x

y=e

e2 x x dx

U=2x
dx/du=2
dx=2du
2 x

y=e
y=e2 x [ 2 eu +c ]

eu 2 du

y=e2 x [ 2 e2 x +c ]
y=2+ ce2 x

y
y ' = +2 x+1
x

'

1
y=+2 x +1
x

u( x )=e
p ( x )=

p ( x ) dx

1
x
dx
1
x

u( x )=e

u( x )=elnx
u( x )=e ln x

u( x )=x1
u( x )=

1
x

y=

1
u ( x ) p ( x)dx
u(x )

y=

1 1
(2 x+1) dx
1x
x

y=x (

2x 1
+ ) dx
x x

1
y=x (2+ )dx
x

y=x [2+lnx+c ]
y=2 x+ xlnx+cx

y=2 x+ xlnx+c
y ' =x 2 e5 x 5 y
Dividimos por x:
'

2 5 x

y 5 y=x e
u( x )=e

p ( x ) dx

p ( x )=5
u( x )=e

5 dx

u( x )=e 5 x

y=

1
u ( x ) p (x) dx
u(x )

y=

1
5 x 2 5 x
e x e dx
5x
e

y=

1
2
x dx
5x
e

y=

1 x3
[ +c ]
e5 x 3

x3
y= 5 x +c
3e

xy ' +2 y=x 3
Dividimos por x:
3

2y x
y+
=
x
x
'

y'+

2 y 4
=x
x

u( x )=e
p ( x )=

p ( x ) dx

2
x
2x dx

u( x )=e

u( x )=e
u( x )=e

1
2 dx
x

2lnx

u( x )=e ln x

u(x )=x 2

y=

1
u ( x ) p (x) dx
u(x )

y=

1
2 4
x x dx
2
x

y=

1
x2 dx
2
x

1 x 1
y= 2 [
+ c]
x 1

1 x
1
y= 2
+ c y= 3 +c
x 1
x

SOLUCION DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES LINEALES POR

VARIACION DE PARAMETRO
'

y +3 xy =3 sen 2 x
p ( x ) dx
u( x )=e
3 xdx
u( x )=e

u( x )=e

3 2
x
2

v ( x )=

g (x)
dx
u(x )

v ( x )=

3 sen 2 x
dx
3 2
x
2
2

v ( x )= 2 x sen 2 x dx

u=x 2 du=2 x dx

dv = sen 2 x dx
u=2 x dx=

du
2

v = sen u
v=

du
2

1
cos 2 x
2

v ( x )=uv v du
v ( x )= ( x 2 ) (
v ( x )=

1
1
cos 2 x )
cos 2 x 2 x dx
2
2

1 2
x cos 2 x + ( cos 2 x ) x dx
2

u=x ; du=dx

dv = cos 2 x dx
u=2 x ;

du
=dx
2

1
v = sen 2 x
2
uv v du

v ( x )=

1 2
1
1
x cos 2 x + x sen 2 x (sen 2 x )2 dx
2
2
2
v ( x )=

1 2
1
x cos 2 x + x sen 2 xcos 2 x
2
2

y=u ( x ) v ( x)

y= e

)( 12 x cos 2 x+ 12 x sen 2 xcos 2 x )

1 32 x 2
1
e
x cos 2 x + e
2
2
2

y=

3 2
x
2

3 2
x
2

x sen 2 x e

3 2
x
2

cos 2 x+ C

y ' xy=2 senx

p ( x ) dx
u( x )=e

 x dx
u( x )=e

u( x )=e

xdx

u( x )=e

x
2

v ( x )=

g (x)
dx
u(x )

v ( x )=

2 sen x
2

e
u=2 sen x ;

x
2

dx

du
=2 cos x
dx
2

dv = e

x
dx
2

v = e

x
dx
2

x
u= ; dx=2 du
2
2

v = eu 2 du
2

v = e

x
dx
2

v =2 e

x
4

v ( x )=uv v du

( x4 )2)

v ( x )=( 2 sen x ) (2 e
u=2 cos x ; dx=

x
4 2

()
( 2e ) 2 cos x dx

du
2 sen x sen x

x
4

e
v =
x
du
u= ; dx=
4
4
v = eu

du
4

1
v= e 8
4

uv v du
2

( 2 cos x )( 1 e 8 ) 1 e 8 2 sen x dx
4
4
2

1
1
cos x e 8 e 8 dx2 sen x dx
2
2

( x4 )2
v ( x )=( 2 sen x ) ( 2 e )

x
(
)
v ( x )=4 e 4 2 sen x

( x4 )2

v ( x )=4 e

1
1x
cosx e 8
ex4 excos x
2
2 8
x

1
1 x2
cosx e 8
ex4 excos x
2
2 8

1
1
sen x cosx e 8 + x 2 ex+ 4 ex+ cos x
2
16

y=u ( x ) v ( x)
2

y=( 2 sen x ) (

x
x
(
1
4 )2
4 e sen x cosx e 8 +

1 2
x ex+ 4 ex +cos x )
16

( 4x )2

y=4 e

x
8

1
se n xe cos x sen x+ e x 3 sen x +8 ex sen x +2 sen x cos x + c
8
2

y'+

p (x)dx
u( x )=e
1
dx
x

u ( x ) =e

u( x )=e ln x

u(x )=x1

v ( x )=

g (x)
dx
u(x )

v ( x )=

3 cos 2 x
dx = 3 x cos 2 x dx
1
x

u=x ; dx=du

dv=cos 2 x dx
u=2 x ; 2 dx=du

1
v = sen 2 x
2
v ( x )=uv v du
1
1
v ( x )= x sen 2 x sen 2 x dx
2
2
1
1 1
v ( x )= x sen 2 x
cos 2 x
2
2 2

1
1
v ( x )= x sen 2 x + cos 2 x
2
4
3
3
v ( x )= x sen 2 x+ cos 2 x
2
4

1
y=3 cos 2 x
x

y=u ( x ) v ( x)
y=

( 1x )( 32 x sen 2 x + 34 cos 2 x)

y=

( 1x )( 32 x sen 2 x + 34 cos 2 x)

3
3
c
y= sen 2 x +
cos 2 x +
2
4x
x

ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES EXACTAS

( e x sen y 2 y sen x ) + ( e x cos y +cos x ) y '=0
Determinamos si es exacta la ED
x

M =e sen y 2 y sen x ; N=e cos y+ cos x

x

My=e cos y 2 sen x ; Nx=e cos y2 sen x

My=Ny
Es una ecuacin exacta
x
=e sen y 2 y sen x
x
x

=(e sen y2 y sen x )dx

= (e x sen y 2 y sen x )dx

=e x sen y2 y c os x +h( y)
y =N
e x cos y2 c os x+ h' ( x )=e x cos y + cos x
h' ( x )=0
x

e sen y2 y c os x+ k

 ( x , y )=C
e x sen y2 y c os x+ k=C
e x sen y2 y c os x=C

( y cos x+ 2 x e 4 ) + ( sen x+ x 2 e 4 +2 ) y ' =0

=cosx+ 2 x e 4 ; =cosx+2 x e 4
y
x
Ux= ycos x+ 2 x e 4
u ( x , y )= ycos x+ ex e 4
2 2

u ( x , y )= y sen x + x e +h ( y )
Uy=senx + x 2 e4 + h' ( y ) =sen x + x 2 e 4 +2
h' ( y )=2 ; h ( y )=2 y
u ( x , y )= y sen x + x 2 e 4+ 2 y +C
(5 x+ 4 y )+(4 x8 y 3) y '=0
M (x , y )dx =5 x + 4 y ; N (x , y )=4 x 8 y 3

My=4 ; Nx=4
De donde concluimosque la ecuacin si es exacta ya que :

My=Nx
M ( x , y ) dx+ g ( y )= ( 5 x + 4 y ) dx+ g ( y )
5 xdx+ 4 y dx + g ( y )
5
x 2+ 4 xy+ g ( y )
2
g ( y )= N ( x , y ) dy
g ( y )=8 y 3 dy

8 4
y
4

M ( x , y ) dxdy
y

2 y 4
M ( x , y ) dx+ g ( y )=c
5
x 2+ 4 xy2 y 4 =c
2