CONVERSO DE UNIDADES

1 m = 3.281 ft = 39.37 in = 6.214E4 mi = 1E6 m = 1E9 nm = 1E12 pm

1 mi =1609 m
C O M P R I M E N T O 1 ft = 0.3048 m = 12 in = 0.333 yd
S U P E R F C I E
V
M

L
A

U
S

M
S

E
A

MASSA VOLMICA
Q U A N T I D A D E
D E M A T R I A

1 in = 2.540 cm
1 = 1E10 m
1 ua = 1.495 98E11 m
2
2
2
1 ft = 0.0929 m2
1 m = 10.76 ft
1 m3 = 35.31 ft3 = 6.102E4 in3 = 1000 L = 1E6 mL=
= 264.2 USgal = 220.0 UKgal
1 ft3 = 0.028 32 m3
1 USgal = 3.785 dm3
1 UKgal = 4.546 dm3
1 lb = 0.4536 kg = 453.6 g
1 kg = 1000 g = 2.205 lb
1 t = 1 Mg = 1E3 kg
1 u =1.6605E27 kg
1 lb/ft3 =16.02 kg/m3
1 kg/m3 = 1E3 g/cm3 = 62.43E3 lb/ft3
1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3 = 62.43 lb/ft3
1 mol =2.205E3 lbmol
1 kmol = 2.205 lbmol
1 lbmol = 453.6 mol

1 N = 1E5 dyn = 0.2248 lbf = 0.1020 kgf

1 lbf = 4.448 N
1 kgf = 9.807 N = 2.205 lbf
1 Pa = 1 N/m2 = 208.9E4 lbf/ft2 = 9.869E6 atm = 1.450E4 psi =
= 1.020E5 kgf/cm2 = 1 E5 bar = 7.501E3 mmHg = 0.1020 kgf/m2
P R E S S O 1 bar = 1E5 Pa = 0.9869 atm
1 psi = 1 lbf/in2 = 144 lbf/ft2 = 6895 Pa
1 atm = 1.013E5 Pa = 760 mmHg = 2116 lbf/ft2 = 14.70 psi = 1.033 kgf/cm2
(mmHg a 0 oC)
1 mmHg = 1 Torr = 133.3 Pa
1 lbf/ft2 = 47.88 Pa
1 J = 1E7 erg = 0.7376 ft lbf = 0.2390 cal = 9.478E4 Btu* = 2.778E7 kWh
E N E R G I A 1 cal = 4.184 J = 3.968E3 Btu = 3.966E3 Btu* = 0.9993 cal* = 3.086 ft lbf
1 cal* = 4.187 J = 3.968E3 Btu* = 3.971E3 Btu = 1.001 cal
*
*
Btu e calUnidades Termoqumicas 1 Btu = 1054 J = 0.9993 Btu = 252.0 cal = 251.8 cal
* = 1055 J = 1.001 Btu = 252.0 cal* = 252.2 cal
1
Btu
1 kWh = 3.6E6 J
Btu* e cal* Valores da Tabela
1 eV = 1.602E19 J
Internacional de Vapor 1 ft lbf = 1.286E3 Btu = 1.356 J

ENERGIA ESPECFICA
ENERGIA

MOLAR

P O T N C I A
(hp unidade UK)

FLUXO DE ENERGIA
TEMPERATURA
CONDUTIVIDADE
T R M I C A
COEFICIENTE
DE TRANSFERNCIA
D E
C A L O R
CAPACI. CALORFICA
E
ENTROPIA
E S P E C F I C A S
Cp E E N T R O P I A
M O L A R E S

1 J/kg = 0.4299E3 Btu/lb = 0.2390 cal/kg = 0.3346 ft lbf/lb

1 Btu*/lb = 2.326 kJ/kg = 0.5559 kcal/kg = 778.2 ft lbf/lb
1 J/mol = 0.001 kJ/mol = 0.2390 cal/mol = 0.4299 Btu*/lbmol
1 kcal/mol = 4184 J/mol = 1799 Btu*/lbmol
1 Btu*/lbmol = 0.5559E3 kcal/mol = 2.326 J/mol
1 W = 0.7376 ft lbf/s = 1.341E3 hp = 3.412 Btu*/h = 0.8598 kcal*/h
1 Btu*/s = 1055 W = 778.2 ft lbf/s = 1.415 hp
1 Btu*/h = 0.2931 W
*
1 hp = 550.0 ft lbf/s = 2544 Btu /h = 745.7 W
1 kcal/h = 1.162 W
2
2
2
*
*
1 W/m = 0.3170 Btu /(h ft )
1 Btu /(h ft ) = 3.155 W/m2
1 K (T) = 1 oC = 1.8 oR = 1.8 oF
t/oC = (5/9) (t/oF - 32)
o
o
o
T/K = t/ C + 273.15 = (5/9) (t/ F + 459.67) = (5/9) T/ R
T/oR = 1.8 T/K = t/oF + 459.67 = 1.8 (t/oC + 273.15)
t/oF = 1.8 t/oC + 32
1 W/(m K) = 0.8598 kcal*/(m h K) = 0.5778 Btu*/(ft h oF) = 4.018 lb ft/(s3 oF)
1 Btu*/(ft h oF) = 1.731 W/(m K)
1 lbf/(s oF) = 1.914E2 cal/(s cm K) = 4.626 Btu*/(ft h o) = 8.007 W/(m K)
1 W/(m2 K) = 0.8598 kcal*/(m2 h K) = 0.1761 Btu*/(ft2 h oF)
1 kcal*/(m2 h K) = 1.163 W/(m2 K) = 0.2048 Btu*/(ft2 h oF)
1 Btu*/(ft2 h oF) = 5.678 W/(m2 K)

1 J/(kg K) = 0.2388E3 Btu*/(lb oR) = 0.2388 cal*/(kg K)

1 kcal*/(kg K) = 1Btu*/(lb oR) = 4.187 kJ/(kg K)
1 cal*/(g K) = 1Btu*/(lb oR)
1 cal/(g oC) = 1 Btu/(lb oF)

1 J/(mol K) = 0.2388 Btu*/(lbmol oF)

1 cal*/(mol oC) = 1 Btu*/(lbmol oF) = 4.187 J/(mol K)

1 Pa s = 1 kg/(m s) = 10 P = 1000 cP = 2419 lb/(ft h) = 0.6720 lb/(ft s)

V I S C O S I D A D E
1 P = 1 g/(cm s) = 0.1 Pa s = 100 cP
1 lb/(ft h) = 4.134E4 Pa s
D I N M I C A 1 lb/(ft s) = 1.488 Pa s
1 m3/s = 3600 m3/h = 35.31 ft3/s = 2119 ft3/min =
CAUDAL VOLMICO = 264.2 USgal/s = 220.0 UKgal/s
CAUDAL

MOLAR

FLUXO

MOLAR

CAUDAL MSSICO
FLUXO

MSSICO

CONCENTRAO
RESIST. ESP. (BOLO)
DIFUSIVIDADE
V E L O C I D A D E
D E
R E A C O

1 ft3/min = 471.9E6 m3/s = 1.699 m3/h

1 USgal/s = 3.785 dm3/s
1 mol/s = 60 mol/min = 3600 mol/h = 2.205E3 lbmol/s = 7.937 lbmol/h
1 mol/(m2 s) = 0.7373 lbmol/(ft2 h)
1 lbmol/(ft2 h) = 1.356 mol/(m2 s)
1 kg/s = 60 kg/min = 1000 g/s = 2.205 lb/s = 7937 lb/h
1 lb/min = 0.4536 kg/min = 27.22 kg/h = 7.560E3 kg/s = 0.016 67 lb/s
1 kg/(m2 s) = 737.3 lb/(ft2 h)
1 lb/(ft2 h) = 1.356E3 kg/(m2 s)
1 mol/m3 = 1E3 mol/dm3 = 1E3 mol/L = 1 mmol/L = 62.43 E6 lbmol/ft3
1 lbmol/ft3 = 16.02 mol/dm3
1 m/kg = 1.488 ft/lb
1 ft/lb = 0.6720 m/kg
2
2
2
1 m /s = 1E4 cm /s = 3.875E4 ft /h = 3600 m2/h
1 ft2/h = 2.581E5 m2/s = 0.2581 stoke
1 cm2/s = 1 stoke = 100 cstoke = 1E4 m2/s = 3.875 ft2/h
1 mol/(m3 s) = 1E3 mol/(dm3 s) = 60 mol/(m3 min) = 0.2247 lbmol/(ft3 h) =
= 62.43E6 lbmol/(ft3 s) = 1E3 kmol/(m3 s)
1 lbmol/(ft3 s) = 16.02 kmol/(m3 s)
1 lbmol/(ft3 h) = 4.450 mol/(m3 s) = 2.778E4 lbmol/(ft3 s)

kg (massa quilograma), m (comprimento metro), s (tempo segundo),

D E B A S E mol (quantidade de matria mole), K (temperatura kelvin),
A (corrente elctrica ampere), cd (intensidade luminosa candela).
UNIDADES
N [= kg m/s2], Pa [= N/m2 = kg/(m s2)], J [= N m = Pa m3 = kg m2/s2], W [= J/s],
SI
D E R I V A D A S Hz [= 1/s], C [= A s], V [= J/C = kg m2/(A s3)], [= V/A = kg m2/(A2 s3)],
(Exemplos)
F [= C/V = A2 s4/(kg m2)] farad, S [= 1/] siemens, T [= V s/m2] tesla.

Submltiplos d (deci), c (centi), m (mili), (micro), n (nano), p (pico), f (fento), a (ato), z (zepto), y (iocto).
M l t i p l o s da (deca), h (hecto), k (quilo), M (mega), G (giga), T (tera), P (peta), E (exa), Z (zeta), Y (iota).
R = 8.3145 Pa m3/(mol K) = 8.3145 J/(mol K) =
= 0.082 057 L atm/(mol K) = 8314.5 J/(kmol K) =
= 1.9872 cal/(mol K) = 0.730 24 ft3 atm/(lbmol oR) =
= 1545.3 ft lbf/(lbmol oR) = 10.732 psi ft3/(lbmol oR) =
= 1.3144 ft3 atm/(lbmol K) = 82.057 cm3 atm/(mol K) =
= 0.082 057 m3 atm/(kmol K) = 1.9872 Btu/(lbmol oR)
NA = 6.022 14E23/mol = 6.022 14E26/kmol (Avogadro)
g = 9.806 65 m/s2 = 32.17 ft/s2 (acelerao da gravidade)
h = 6.626 076E34 J s
(Planck)
o = 8.854E12 F/m
(permitividade do vazio)
1 / ( 4 o ) = 8.988E9 m/F

ESFERA :

V = 4 r3 / 3 = d3 / 6
S = 4 r2 = d2

CRCULO : A = r2 = d2/4 = 0.25 d2

CIRCUNFERNCIA : L = 2 r = d
F = 96 485.3 C/mol = 96 485.3E3 C/kmol (Faraday)
k = 1.3807E23 J/K
(Boltzmann)
c = 2.997 92E8 m/s (velocidade da luz no vazio)
o = 41E7 H/m = 12.566E7 H/m (permeabilidade)
Vm = 22.414 dm3/mol (volume molar ideal PTN)

ab f(x) dx = (h / 3) [fo + 4 (f1+ f3 + f5 +...) + 2 (f2 + f4 +...) + fm] m = (b - a) / h par

Mtodo dos Trapzios: ab f(x) dx = ( h / 2 ) [ fo + 2 ( f1+ f2 + f3 + f4 + ... ) + fm ] (m pode ser par ou mpar)
Mtodo de Simpson:

v5.2

eng. jmp

um, deb.

outubro, 2005