ay Designation: C 1138-97 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete (Underwater Method)" This andar isos under te Fed dvieraton C113: the unter immattely lollewin the ezine be year of pny pacing ee capa Fe fa eyecare eee set pel en cis oduand cages eat eentadrseppl usage TE Tht ect cr a pretest crag dh relative sistance of concrete including consrete very and itnprgnated concrete) oaosion under water (ace Note 1) This procedure simulate the abrasive action of watrborie pasties (sil sand. eave, and ater solid) tance of cnc sures note wae, These cde Tex Meh CheC Tm al Con 1.2 The values stated in acceptable metic units are to he regard asthe standard 1. This stndord does not purport 10 addres all of the softy comcems, if ay, asctaed ith iste, tf the ‘esponsibility ofthe user oth standard establish oppo prt safety nd heath practices and determine the applica ASTM Siandar {C42 Test Method for Obtaining and ‘esting Dil Cores ‘and Sawed Beams of Concrete C48 Tat Method for Abrason Resistance of Conte by Sandblasting! ©. Test Metal for Specific Gravity, Absoption. and Voids in Hardened Concrete? © 690 Practice for Prcpring Procsion and Bias Stteents for Test Method for Construction Materials” (C1799 Text Method for Abrason Resistance of Conerete Surfaces” (C941 Text Methad for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete oF Mortar Surfaces by the Rotating Cutier Method? BS Tea Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell ‘Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials* 3. Significance und Use 3. This ext method is intended vo quabiatively simul Uh behavior of swirling water containing suspended and tr pomted sold objects that produce abrasion of concrete and imnial seen Sapa Se tmp onan pein C18 Lan proven ese CD "mal Bo of ASM Sunda Vt Rnatoe of SIM Soden NOUS ‘cause potholes and related effects ‘32 This test method should provide a relative evaluatic the resistance of concrete to such action, 3.3 The results are expected 10 be useful in selectio ‘materials, mixtures, and construction practices for use wl such action is te he expecte 3.4 The test method isnot intended to provide a quanti ‘measurement of the length of service thal may be exper from a specitie concrete. 4. Apparatus 4.1 Rotating Device —A dril press ox similar device w: chuck capable of holding and rotating the agitstion pa under tes¢ conditions ata speed of 1200 = 100 apm sha sed. est Con shown in Fig, 2 44 Abrasive Charges: Seventy grade 1000 chrome ‘grinding balls wath nominal sizes as specied in Table be used. The sicel of which the balls are made shall F Rockwell C-scale hardness of 65 = $ as determined b Methods E 18. The balls sl have a smooth texture a ‘apparent mold seam (see Note 2) An abrasive charge mocting the roquicments of Tab have o mass of apoeoxinately 1540191900 2 (38 0942 Ib). W ‘mass ofthe charge approaches the loner nit eplie the ade Undercity wo complying with Tale | 4.5 Seales—A platform scale having a capacity of a 43 kg (109 Ib) or more and accurate to within at least, (0.01 Th) at any pois within the range used in this test st used. The scale shall be equipped! with 2 suitable apparat suspending the sample in is contain in water fom the ofthe weighing platform, 4.6 Weighing Basket—A wire basket or other suitabl ‘port shal be provided for weighing the specimen ia wate ‘weighing hasket shall be com vo prevent entrappi ‘when it and the specimen are submerged 4.7 Waier Tunk—A suitable watertight tank into whi Aceon pel Nt anny ey Mere Ashes of sg ballin te Hiner Commmy. 5i c 1138 $4 Determine the average diameter of the top surface « specimen 10 be usted to the neues 2 mm (Ye in averaging two diametcts measured at right angles to cache This average diameter shall be uscd in calculating th: surface area, 3.5 Surface dry the specimen, Determine and recor ‘mass in air to the nearest 25.0'¢ (00S Ih). Determine record the apparent mass ofthe specimen immersed in wat the nearest 25.0 g (0.05 Ib). The procedure of Test Me {C642 shall be followed using water at 23 = 1.7°C (13 43°F) having adensity of 97 = 2 kg/m’, Remove all ere tir by shaking the specimen while it is immersed inthe » for weighing 6, Procedure 6.1 Place the specimen in the test comtaincr with the su to be tested facing up and the seating blocks in place. 6.2 Position the specimen so that its surface & normal sill shaft and the center of the specimen coincides wit) dail sha 6.2 Mount the agitation paddle inthe dill press. The bx ofthe agitation paddle shall be 38 = Smm (13 = vain) the surface of the specimen, (64 Determine and record the mass ofthe abrasive chat the newest 10 g (O02 Ib). Pee it on the surface 0 specimen and aad waler of the same type as used i saturation period 10 165 = Smm (614 4M in.) abov surface of the specimen. (65 Start the padile rotating and cheek that the pad rotating atthe required speed wih the paddle immersed,shall be furnished, 48 Seating Blck—A minimum of three steel blocks 25 by 25 by 25 mm (1 by I by 1 in.) shall be used to support the Specimen, SS. Test Specimens ‘5.1 The test specimen shall be eylinirical in shape, having diameter approximately 6-mnm (sin) less than that of the inside diameter ofthe west container and abeight of 100 13 smm (4 % in). It may be moked from freshly mixed ‘concrete or cored from hardened concrete (see Note 3). Cores shall be taken in accordance with Methods C 42. Nore 3 Specimens should be tented at an age appropriate for the ‘atrial being evalasod. Most esting dono to date has been done at 25 ‘Concess coumiaing pozzolas should be test a an age that ws development of appropiate stength. Toppings and iprestated ‘sonore: shouldbe esta aan age appropriate forthe aera ad ‘complance withthe manulacturs'srecommendatons, The eppcopie testing ae may alo depend upon when he ore Wl De patio 5.2 If the specimen has a membrane curing compound on the surface, emave it eompletely by see! wire brushing prior two the soaking period. 5.3 Soak the specimen in lime-samrated water or in the water to which use concrete shall be subjected in service for ‘minimum of 48 h pris to testing. surface dry. Determine and recon the mass ofthe specim tir and in water 16.7 The standard test shall consist of six 12-h periods total of 72 h (see Note 4) ‘Nowe 4—Tesiig tong 24 genrally poss signet at ln mont concrte surfaces, ur ti fecommanded w extend he pe! slnaation if moe severe aason i ese. Adina esting Cat bere for comeete hai highly reitant wo raion 7. Caleutation 7.1 Caleulate the abrasion loss as Follows: 7.1.1 Caleubate the volume of the specimen at any tin follows: v where: Vi = volume ofthe specimen a the desired tie, Wy, = mass of the specimen in ara the desired ie. Wess apparent mass ofthe specimen in water at ‘kesired time, kg, amd iB unit weight of water kin 7.1.2 Caleulate the volume of eoncrte lst atthe end 0 time increment of testing as follows: M=K-%ap C1138 Nom: 11-16 Gs (0.059 ia)204 Staton Steal om 2 ng entice tree ha vic fal end ‘ome Stat eng 4 Be ast to asses Fag 11 FIG.2 Agitafon Pedate TABLE 1 Abrasive Charges ADA, = average depth of abrasion atthe end of the Tea Be Neral ee Maron Dame increment in question. m, and 79 ors 253mm 098 8) A= area of top of specimen m = orn ‘somo 70%) 3 oan Seem as8 8, Report where: VE, = volume of material lost by abrasion atthe end of the ‘est increment in question. m’, V, = volume of specimen before testing, m*, and V, = Vobime of the specimen at the cnd’ oF the text increment in question 1. 7.2 Shou it be desired to calculate the average depth of wear atthe cnd of any tine inerement of testing based on Volume of abraded material it may be done as follows: ADA= Us o where 8.1 The report shall include the following: 8.1 A plot of time versus abrasion loss of ut least iividual test specimens and the average of all specime satype tha were teste. 8.1.2 The average diameter of each specimen. The ve ‘of each specimen at the end of each test period. 4213 Relevant data as desired on the concrete repes by the spscimens 1.4 Mass ofthe grinding ball at the heginaing and.e the testing 9, Precision and Bias 9.1 Precision—Thesinge laboratory coefciet of var among test specimens made trom 2 single batch of con was found to be 14.0 4, Therefore, in a properly cond