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OPCIN A
1.A.- Discutir segn los valores del parmetro real l la posicin relativa de los planos:
1 : x + z =
2 : 4 x + ( 2 ) y + ( + 2 )z = + 2
: 2( + 1)x ( + 6 )z =
3
1
0
1
A=
2 + 2 = ( 2 )( + 6 ) 2( 2)( + 1) = ( 2 )( + 6 + 2 + 2)
4
( + 6 )
2( + 1)
0
2 = 0 = 2
8
A = ( 2 )(3 + 8) Si A = 0 ( 2 )(3 + 8) = 0
3 + 8 = 0 =
3
8
, 2 rang ( A) = 3 Los tres planos se cor tan en un punto (Comp. Deter min ado )
3
Si = 2
1 0 1 2
Entre 1 y 2 = = Planos paralelos
1 0 1 1
1 : x + z = 2
1 : x + z = 2
x+z =2
1 0
1
2
r:
2 : 4 x + 4 z = 4 2 : x + z = 1 Entre 1 y 3 =
6 0 8 2
6 x 8 z = 2
: 6 x 8 z = 2 : 6 x 8 z = 2
3
3
x + z =1
1 0
1
1
s:
Entre 2 y 3 =
6 0 8 2
6 x 8 z = 2
Corolario
Cuando l = 2 los planos
ys
2 y 3
Si =
8
3
8
1 : x + z =
1 : 3x + 3z = 8
3
2
8
2
14
8
8
2 : 4 x + 2 y + + 2 z = + 2 2 : 4 x + y + z =
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
10
8
8
8
8
3 : 2 x z =
3 : 2 3 + 1 x 3 + 6 z = 3
3
3 3
1 : 3 x + 3 z = 8
1 : 3 x + 3 z = 8
2 : 12 x 14 y 2 z = 2 2 : 6 x 7 y z = 1
: 10 x 10 z = 8
: 5 x + 5 z = 4
3
3 x + 3 z = 8
3
0
t:
Entre 1 y 2
6 7
6 x 7 y z = 1
3 0 3 8
Planos paralelos
Entre 1 y 3 = =
5 0 5 4
Entre y 6 7 u : 6 x 7 y z = 1
2
3
5
0
5 x + 5 z = 4
Corolario
Cuando
8
los planos 1 y 3 son paralelos, formando la recta t 1 y 2 y u 2 y 3
3
x y =3
x + y z = 0
xz =4
y s:
2 x y = 7
x = 3+
x = y+3
r : y + 3 + y z = 0 y =
v t = [3 + (4 + ) , (1 + 2 ) , 3 + 2 ]
z = 3 + 2
v r = (1 , 1 , 2 )
x
4
=
+
v s = (1 , 2 , 1)
x = 4+ z
s:
y = 1 + 2
8 + 2 z y = 7 z =
v t = ( 1 , 2 1 , 2 + 3)
v v r v t .v r = 0
v r = (1 , 1 , 2 )
v t v s v t .v s = 0
v s = (1 , 2 , 1)
( 1 , 2 1 , 2 + 3) (1 , 1 , 2 ) = 0
1 + 2 1 + 4 2 + 6 = 0
( 1 , 2 1 , 2 + 3) (1 , 2 , 1) = 0
1 + 2 4 2 + 2 + 3 = 0
6
6 5 + 4 = 0
5 6 = 0
30
5 4 6 5 4
20
20
11 = 20 =
=
5 = 6
36 0 0 11 20
11
11
24 20
120
24
24
20
24 20
=
v t =
=
1 ,
2
1 , 2
+ 3
55
11
11
11
11 11
11 11
x = 0 3 = 3
15 5 5
v t = ,
, ( 15 , 5 , 5 ) ( 3 , 1 , 1) t : y = 0 + =
11 11 11
z = 0 + =
20 24
x = 4 + 11 = 11
29
29
20
20
24
20
= y = 1 + 2 = S , ,
11
11
11
11
11
11
20
z=
11
1 2
1 0
e I =
0 1
0 1
a)
1 2 1
A 2 =
0 1 0
A = A + I
A + I = 2 +
0 0
A2 = 2 A I
b)
I2 = I
Sabiendo que
AI = IA = A
2 1 4
=
2 = 4 = 2
1 0 1
0 +
2 + = 1 = 1 2 = 1
=
0
+
A5 = (A 2 ) A = (2 A I ) A = (4 A 2 4 AI + I 2 )A = 4(2 A I ) 4 AI + I 2 A = (8 A 4 I 4 A + I ) A
2
A = (4 A 3I )A = 4 A 3IA = 4(2 A I ) 3 A = 8 A 4 I 3 A = 5 A 4 I
5
1 2
1 0 5 10 4 0 1 10
4
=
=
A5 = 5
0 1
0 1 0 5 0 4 0 1
c)
a b
a b a b a 2 + bc ab + bd
X 2 =
=
Sea X =
2
c d
c d c d ac + cd bc + d
1 2 a b 1 + a 2 + b
1 2 a b 1 a 2 b
+
=
=
A + X =
A X =
1 + d
0 1 c d c
0 1 c d c 1 d
( A X )( A + X ) =
1 + d c(1 + a ) + (1 d )c
c(2 + b ) + (1 d )(1 + d )
c 1 d c
4 a 2 + bc ab + bd 1 a 2 bc 4 ab bd
2
2 1
=
A X
2
ac cd 1 bc d 2
0
1
ac
cd
bc
d
+
+
1 a 2 bc + 2c
( A X )( A + X ) =
c ca + c cd
2 + b 2a ab + 2 + 2d b bd
2c bc + 1 d 2
1 a 2 bc + 2c = 1 a 2 bc
1 a 2 bc + 2c 4 2a ab + 2d bd 4 2a ab + 2d bd = 4 ab bd
( A X )( A + X ) =
ca cd = ac cd
2c bc + 1 d 2
ca cd
2c bc + 1 d 2 = 1 bc d 2
c)Continuacin
2c = 0 c = 0
2 a + 2 d = 0 a d = 0 a = d
a b a
X =
=
a
0
0
0
2c = 0 c = 0
f (x ) =
1
, se pide:
x
a)
1
f (a ) = a
1
1
1
y = 2 ( x a ) a 2 y a = x + a x + a 2 y 2a = 0
f ' (x ) = 2
1
a
x
a
f ' (a ) = 2
a
b)
Con OX y = 0 x + a 2 .0 2a = 0 x 2a = 0 x = 2a (2a , 0 )
Con OY x = 0 0 + a 2 . y 2a = 0 a 2 . y 2a = 0 a 2 . y = 2a y = 2 0 , 2
a
a
c)
2
2
4
d = (2a 0 ) + 0 = 4a 2 + 2 =
a
a
4a 3 .a
2a 4 a 4 + 1
a4 +1
2 a4 +1
d'= 2
a2
4a 4 + 4 2
=
a4 +1
a
a2
= 2
a4 +1
a2
= 2
a4 1
a2 a4 +1
a 2 + 1 = 0 a 2 = 1 a
a =1
Si d ' = 0 a 4 1 = 0 a 2 1 a 2 + 1 = 0 2
a 1 = 0 a2 = 1
a = 1
Como a > 0 a = 1
)(
Comprobacin
d''= 4
3a 4 + 1
a 1+ a
3
) 1+ a
3.14 + 1
1 1+1
3
) 1+1
16
2 2
8
2
8 2
= 8 2 > 0 Mnimo
2
OPCIN B
1.B.-Dada la funcin f ( x ) = ln
x2
donde ln significa logaritmo neperiano, definida para x >1,
x 1
hallar un punto [a , f(a)] tal que la recta tangente a la grfica de f(x) en ese punto sea paralela
al eje OX
(x 2)x = x 2
x 2 2x
1 2 x(x 1) x 2 ( x 1) 2 x 2 2 x x 2
=
= 2
2
2
2
2
2
x
x
x ( x 1) x ( x 1) x( x 1)
(x 1)
(x 1)
x 1
22
f ' ( x ) = 0 x 2 = 0 x = 2 f (2 ) = ln
= ln 4 y ln 4 = 0( x 2) y ln 4 = 0
2 1
f ' (x ) =
ex
(1 + e )
x 2
f (x ) dx = 4
a)
ex 1+ ex
f ' (x ) =
) 2(1 + e )e e
(1 + e )
2
x 2
[(1 + e ) 2e ](1 + e )e
(1 + e )
x
x 2
(1 e )e
x
1+ ex
e x = 0 x ln e = ln 0 /x
e0
f ' (x ) = 0 1 e x e x = 0
1 e x = 0 e x = 1 x ln e = ln 1 x = 0 f (0 ) =
1 + e0
1 e x e x e 2 x 1 + e x 1 e x e x e x 1 2e x 1 + e x 1 e x e x
=
f ' ' (x ) =
2
2
1+ ex
1+ ex
[(
](
) (
)] (
f ' ' (x ) =
e 1 + e 2e 1 + e x 1 e x e x
f ' ' (x ) =
e x 1 e x 2e 2 x 1 + e x
(1 + e )
x 2
(1 + e )
x 2
)=
)(
(
) (
)
) (
e x 1 + e x 2e x 2e 2 x 1 e x e x
(1 + e )
x 2
2e 3 x
(1 + e )
x 2
f ' ' (0 ) =
2e 3.0
(1 + e )
0 2
1
22
2e 0
2.1
1
= 2 =
2
2
2
(1 + 1)
1
En el punto 0 , hay un Mximo relativo
4
1
1
ex
ex
Utilizando L ' Hopital
=
=
=
= lim
= =0
lim
lim
2
x
x
x
x
x 2 1 + e
x 2 1 + e e
x
1+ e
lim
(1 + e )
x 2
= lim
x
(1 + e )
x 2
1
1
1
ex
ex
= lim
=
lim
lim
=
=
lim
2
2
2
x
x
x
x x
x
1
1+ ex
e ex +1
x e +1
1 + x
e x
e2x
e
e
b)
ex
(1 + e )
x 2
dx =
1
1 1
1
1
dt = t 2 dt =
t = =
2
( 1)
t
t
1+ ex
1 + e x = t e x dx = dt
a
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
=
=
+
=
0
x
a
a
0
4
1+1 4
1+ e 4
1+ e
1+ e
1 + e 0 4
1
1 1
1
1
=
= 1 + e a = 4 e a = 3 a ln e = ln 3 a.1 = ln 3 a = ln 3
a
a
2 4
4
1+ e
1+ e
a
f (x ) dx =
=0
x 2z + 1 = 0
y + z + 1 = 0
a)
Con m = 2 2 x + 9 z + 3 = 0
9z 3
9z 3
x=
3
+ y + 12 z + 4 = 0
2
2
Con m = 3 3 x + y + 12 z + 4 = 0
3
3 9
x = 2 2 x = 2 9
27 z + 9
1 3
27 z 24 z + 9 8
3z + 1
1
y=
12 z 4 y =
y=
r : y = + r : y = + 3
2
2
2
2 2
2
z
z
=
=
2
b)
1
m.1 + (m 2 ).1 + 3(m + 1).0 + m + 1 = 0 m + m 2 + m + 1 = 0 3m 1 = 0 m =
3
1
1
5
4
1
1 1
x + 2 y + 3 + 1 z + + 1 = 0 x y + 4 z + = 0 x 5 y + 12 z + 4 = 0
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
c)
x = 1 + 2
r : y = 1 + [m , m 2 , 3(m + 1)](2 , 1 , 1) = 0 2m + m 2 + 3m + 3 = 0 6m = 1
z=
x = 1 + 2
r : y = 1 + [m , m 2 , 3(m + 1)](2 , 1 , 1) = 0 2m + m 2 + 3m + 3 = 0 6m = 1
z=
1
11
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
x + 2 y + 3 + 1 z + + 1 = 0 x y + z + = 0
6
6
2
6
6
6
6
6
6
x 11y + 21z + 7 = 0
m=
0 k t
1 k t
B = 0 1 k
0 0 1
a) Hallar A10
b) Hallar la matriz inversa de B
c) En el caso particular de k = 0, hallar B10
a)
0 0 k 2 0 0 k 2 0 0 0
0 k t 0 k t 0 0 k 2
A2 = 0 0 k 0 0 k = 0 0 0 A4 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 k 0 0 0
A8 = A 4 A 4 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0 A10 = A8 A 2 = 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
b)
1 k
B =0 1 k
0 0 1
1
t
adj B = 0
( )
1
t
t
= 1 0 B B =
adj B B = k
B
t
1 k k 2 t 1
k k2 t
1
k = 0
k B 1 = 0 1
1
1
1 0
0
1
0 0
1
( )
0 0
1 0
k 1
k
1
0
k2 t
c)
1 0 t 1 0 t 1 0 2t
1 0 2t 1 0 2t 1 0 4t
4
2
2
B = 0 1 0 0 1 0 = 0 1 0 B = B B 0 1 0 0 1 0 = 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 4t 1
B = B B = 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
1 0 8t 1
10
8
2
B = B B = 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 4t 1 0 8t
1 0 = 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
0 2t 1 0 10t
1 0 = 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 1
10