(Universidad Del Per, DECANA DE AMRICA)

INTRODUCCIN A LA
MICROBIOLOGA
IMPORTANCIA, CLASIFICACIN
DE LOS MICROORGANISMOS,
CARACTERSTICAS CLULA
PROCARIOTA PROCARIOTA,
HISTORIA
Mg. Sc. Estela Memenza Z.
2013 - II

SIMPLE VISTA

100 mm
= 10-1 m
10 mm
= 10-4 m

Gusanos

MICROSCOPIO PTICO

1 mm
= 10-3 m
100 m
= 10-4 m

Protozoos grandes
Fitoplasmas

10 m
= 10-5 m

Hongos
Mayora de la bacterias
(Cianobacterias, etc).
Mitocondrias

1 m
= 10-6 m

100nm
= 10-7 m

MICROSCOPIO
ELECTRNICO

Tamao relativo de los

organismos y las molculas

1000 mm
=1m

Rickettsias
Clamidias
Micoplasmas

Virus
10nm
= 10-8 m

1nm
= 10-9 m

Protenas

Molculas
pequeas

The current status and trends in the use of microorganisms in Agroindustrial processes
- Microbes and microbial products
- Biofertilizers
- Bio-pesticides (Biological control agents)
- Composting agro-industrial wastes
- Composition of agro-industrial wastes
- Production of microbial metabolites
Organic acids
Flavour and aroma compounds
Enzymes
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
Bioactive compounds
Microbial pigments
Production of protein enriched feed
Polysaccharides
- Bio-plastics
- Bio-fuels
- Bio-remediation

Conversion of lignocellulose into valuable products using solid state

fermentatio (SSF)

Conversion of lignocellulose into valuable products using solid state

fermentatio (SSF)

Conversion of lignocellulose into valuable products using solid state

fermentatio (SSF)

Conversion of lignocellulose into valuable products using solid state

fermentatio (SSF)

Microorganisms and their specific functions in gro-industrial processes

Microorganisms and their specific functions in gro-industrial processes

Microorganisms and their

specific functions in groindustrial processes

TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND

MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, 2010-2016
($ MILLIONS)

Comparacin
entre
clulas procariotas
y eucariotas
Cromosomas
nico, circular
Ms de uno
Ncleo
Ausente

Presente
Ncleolo

Clula Procariota
Clula Eucariota
Organelas
Ausente

Ribosomas

Organizadas en sistemas
membranosos

80 S (70 S en los
orgnulos)

Pared Celular
Generalmente presente
Presente en clulas
vegetales

Enzimas y pigmentos
En los repliegues de la
mb

Ausente
Uno o varios
ARN + Protenas

Membrana plasmtica
Sin carbohidratos, carece
de esteroles

Reproduccin
Fisin binaria

Presente carbohidratos y
esteroles

Mitosis / Meiosis

70 S

Mitocondrias,
cloroplastos
Tamao
0.2 2 m
10 100 m

Sistema de clasificacin propuesto por Carl Woese (1978):

BACTERIAS

ARCHAEA
Fungi
EUKARYA

Levaduras, mohos, setas

Protista

Algas, protozoos

Plantae

Musgos, helechos, conferas,

plantas con floracin

Animalia

Esponja, parsitos, insectos,

vertebrados

GRACIAS