Estilos estructurales en sistemas

de cuencas de ante-pas
Dr. Patrice Baby
1
I. Generalidades
II. Tectnica de corrimientos
III. Secciones balanceadas
IV. Tectnica de inversin
2
3
4
GEODINAMICA
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
SUBDUCCION
CONTINENTAL
17
18
19
20
(Tomado de Bourdon et al., 2003)
21
(Tomado de Hampel, 2002)
22
(Tomado de Corredor, 2003)
23
Tavera (2005)
24
(Modificado de Rochat et al., 1999)
25
26
Effect of the erosion in a mountain belt
(Sean Willet, 1999)
27
SISTEMAS DE CUENCAS
DE ANTEPAIS
28
29
30
31
32
Modificado de Wesseling et al. (2002)
33
34
Maraon basin
Fizcarrald Arch
Iquitos
Lima
La Paz
Madre de Dios basin
35
SW NE
FITZCARRALD ARCH
MADRE DE DIOS
36
(Baby et al., 1999)
37
38
39
DEFORMACIONES Y TENSIONES
40
41
42
Deformacin continua homognea
Deformacin continua
heterogena
Deformacin discontinua
43
44
DEFORMACION FRAGIL
DEFORMACION DUCTIL
45
Angulo de friccin interna
= 30 en caliza
0< <10 en arcilla o granito
Experimento de fracturacin en un cilindro de calizas
(segn Peterson, 1958; Heard, 1960)
46
Ellipsoide de tensiones
47
48
49
II. TECTONICA DE CORRIMIENTO
50
Corrimientos ?
Falla inversa de bajo angulo
Pz
Tr
51
Por primera vez, Rich (1934) explica una estructura de corrimiento por medio
del concepto de plano horizontal - rampa
Seccin estructural del corrimiento de Cumberland (Apalaches) segn Rich (1934)
52
En 1970, Dahlstrompropone
una nueva terminologa de geometras de corrimiento
El reconocimiento de las trayectorias de corrimiento escalonadas es fundamental en el estudio de las fajas
plegadas y corridas
Las rampas corresponden a las partes del corrimiento que corten los contactos formacionales
Los planos o despegues se confunden con la estratificacin y corresponden a niveles pelticos
53
ZONA SUBANDINA
ALTO BENI, BOLIVIA
54
55
Copyright 1996, Rick Allmendinger
56
Alto Beni, Bolivia
57
GEOMETRIA TRIDIMENCIONAL DE UNA RAMPA
58
59
(Hinsch et al., 2002)
60
ifp
61
(Taiwan, 1999)
62
(Taiwan, 1999)
63
64
PLIEGUES
Y
EXPLORACION
65
66
I. Pliegue por flexin de falla (fault bend fold)
II. Pliegue por propagacin de falla (fault propagacion fold)
III. Pliegue de despegue (detachment fold)
IV. Imbricaciones
67
I. Pliegue por flexin de falla (fault bend fold)
Es el resultado del plegamiento pasivo del bloque cabalgante
debido a la existencia de un escaln en la superficie de corrimiento
68
69
J .Waldron 1998
70
Pliegue por flexin de falla
(fault bend fold)
Anticlinal de Palometas (Zona del Boomerang, Bolivia)
71
II. Pliegue por propagacin de falla (fault propagacion fold)
Resulta del proceso de plegamiento en el margen de una rampa de corrimiento
que se propaga
72
(Suppe and Medwedeff, 1990)
73
Altiplano, Bolivia (Rochat, 2000)
74
Pliegue por propagacin de falla
(fault propagation fold)
Chaco, Bolivia
75
76
Trishear model
Erslev (1991); Allmendinger (1998)
77
78
79
III. Pliegue de despegue (detachment fold)
80
81
Copyright 1996, Rick Allmendinger
82
Alpes
83
Slumps
84
Sal
Basamento
Golfo de Mexico
85
EJ ERCICIOS
86
Corrimiento ?
Tipo de pliegue ?
87
Corrimiento ?
Tipo de pliegue ?
88
Corrimiento ?
Tipo de pliegue ?
NW Himalaya, India (photographby Gerhard Wiesmayr, Vienna)
89
Corrimiento?
Tipo de pliegues?
Anticlinal San Martin
90
Corrimiento ?
Tipo de pliegue ?
NW China (Chen et al., 2004)
91
IV. Imbricaciones
(Shaw et al., 1999)
92
(Shaw et al., 1999)
93
(Shaw et al., 1999)
94
(Shaw et al., 1999)
95
(Shaw et al., 1999)
96
DUPLEX
97
98
99
(Mitra, 1986)
100
(Mitra, 1986)
101
(Mitra, 1986)
102
NW China (Chen et al., 2004)
103
Chaco, Bolivia
104
Chaco, Bolivia
105
Chaco, Bolivia
106
10 km
Chaco, Bolivia
107
Chaco, Bolivia (Rochat et al., 2000)
108
EJ ERCICIOS
109
Duplex ?
(Cordillera Oriental, Bolivia)
110
111
SISTEMAS DE CORRIMIENTOS
FAJ AS PLEGADAS Y CORRIDAS
Iran
112
Chaco, Bolivia
113
114
Maraon basin
Fizcarrald Arch
Iquitos
Lima
La Paz
Madre de Dios basin
115
SW NE
FITZCARRALD ARCH
MADRE DE DIOS
116
117
Propagacin de corrimientos
118
Modelo analgico (Koyi et al., 2003)
119
Prismo de acrecin, J apan (line NT62-8 of Moore et al. 1990)
120
Las zonas de
transferencia son
aquellas donde un
corrimiento
termina y
comienza un
nuevo.
El acortamiento
est transferido de
un corrimiento a
otro
(Dahlstrom, 1969)
121
122
NAPA TECTONICA
123
124
Copyright 1996, Rick Allmendinger
125
Napa de Calazaya
Klippe
126
Ct
Pz
127
Baby et al. (1992)
128
Baby et al. (1992)
129
FRENTE DE CORRIMIENTO
130
131
Zona triangular
132
Madre de Dios (Per)
133
DUPLEX DUPLEX
SEDIMENTOS SIN SEDIMENTOS SIN- -OROGENICOS OROGENICOS
Madre de Dios, Per
134
Passive roof duplex
135
TECTONICA DE CORRIMIENTO
Y SEDIMENTACION
(Vergs et al., 2002)
136
ESTRATOS DE CRECIMIENTO
(growth strata)
Estratos de crecimiento
Estratos de
pre-crecimiento
(Vergs et al., 2002)
137
Tomado de Pratt et al. (2002)
138
139
Triangulo
de estratos
de crecimiento
Estratos
de pre-crecimiento
Niger Delta
(Tomado de Shaw et al., 2004)
140
Penyagalera growth syncline in the Catalan Coastal Ranges
(see Burbank et al., 1996; Lawton et al., 1999; Vrges et al., 2002 )
141
Camargo, Cordillera Oriental, Bolivia
142
(Tomado de Shaw et al., 2004)
143
(Tomado de Shaw et al., 2004)
144
145
CUENCA TRANSPORTADA
(piggyback basin)
(Vergs et al., 2002)
146
Apeninos del Norte, Italia (segn Pieri, 1989)
147
148
149
Beni
C
o
r
d
i
l
l
e
r
a
O
r
i
e
n
t
a
l
T
i
t
i
c
a
c
a
150
151
152
Modelos analgicos (ifp)
153
Chaco (Bolivia), clima tropical seco = poca sedimentacin
154
Madre de Dios (Per), clima tropical hmedo = mucha sedimentacin
155
156
(Baby et al., 1995)
157
158
EJ ERCICIOS
159
DIFERENCIAR
LAS SECUENCIAS SEDIMENTARIAS
DE ANTEPAS
- ESTRATOS DE PRE-CRECIMIENTO ?
- ESTRATOS DE CRECIMIENTO ?
- ESTRATOS DE POST-CRECIMIENTO ?
160
161
III. SECCIONES BALANCEADAS
162
163
Tener una mejor interpretacin estructural
164
Precisar la geometra de una trampa estructural
165
Calcular la cantidad de acortamiento
Calcular la velocidad de deformacin
Reconstruir en su posicin original las cuencas sedimentarias
0.57 cm / Ma
(Rochat et al., 2000)
166
CONDICIONES
- Conservacin de la masa
- Conservacin del volumen
- Conservacin del rea
- Conservacin de la longitud de lneas estratales
- Conservacin del espesor de estratos
167
DATOS
168
POZOS Y SISMICA
169
HUALLAGA BASIN
170
Woodward et al. (1986)
171
172
Mtodo de las longitudes estratales
173
174
Mtodo de igual rea
rea de relieve = rea de acortamiento
175
CALCULO DE LA PROFUNDIDAD DE DESPEGUE
Mtodo del exceso de rea
Profundidad al plano de despegue = B/(L2 - L1)
(Depth to lower detachment)
Segn Chamberlain, 1910; tomado de Allmendinger (1986)
176
177
Woodward et al. (1986)
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
EJ ERCICIOS
185
186
187
Pin Line
Loose Line
188
Error ?
189
Problema de los sinclinales
190
Problema de las imbricaciones
191
Wilkerson and Dicken (2001)
192
Wilkerson and Dicken (2001)
193
Wilkerson and Dicken (2001)
194
Wilkerson and Dicken (2001)
195
EJ ERCICIOS
196
197
198
IV. TECTONICA DE INVERSION
199
B
C
D
E
F
Gil et al. (2001)
200
INVERSION EN REGIMEN TRANSPRESIVO
(CUENCA ORIENTE, ECUADOR)
201
202
203
204
205
Cuenca Santiago
206
Cuenca Santiago
207
208
Baby et al. (2004)
209
Baby et al. (2004)
210
211
Tr.-J r.
J r. Sup.
Pz.
(Diaz et al., 2003)
212
Barragan et al. (2005)
213
Barragan et al. (2005)
214
215
216
Branquet et al (2002)
217
218
EJ ERCICIOS
219
Cuenca Ucayali
220
Ubicar y definir el tipo de estructura
Cuenca Oriente, Ecuador
221
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