MATRIZ INVERSA

Ejemplo 1: si
(

=
5 7
2 3
A entonces si
(

=
s r
y x
B

I AB =

(

5 7
2 3
(

s r
y x
=
(

1 0
0 1

=
(

+ +
+ +
1 0
0 1
5 7 5 7
2 3 2 3
s y r x
s y r x


0 5 7
1 2 3
= +
= +
r x
r x

1 5 7
0 2 3
= +
= +
s y
s y


Resolviendo el sistema de ecuaciones se tiene que;


5
7
=
=
x
r

2
3
=
=
y
s


Entonces;
(

=
s r
y x
B =
(

3 7
2 5


1
5 2
7 3
A

(
=
(

Ejemplo 2; Encuentra
1
A s;
(
(
(

=
1 1 1
1 0 1
0 1 1
A Si.
| | I A =
(
(
(

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
1 1 1
1 0 1
0 1 1

3 1 3
2 1 2
F F F
F F F
+
+

(
(
(

1 0 1
0 1 1
0 0 1
1 2 0
1 1 0
0 1 1

1 2 1 1 0 0
0 2 2 2 2 0
1 0 1 1 2 0
2
3 2 3



F F F

(
(
(

1 2 1
0 1 1
0 0 1
1 0 0
1 1 0
0 1 1

1 1 0 0 1 0
1 2 1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0
2 3 2

+ F F F

(
(
(

1 2 1
1 1 0
0 0 1
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 1 1

1 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 1
1 2 1

F F F

(
(
(

1 2 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1

1 1
F F ~
(
(
(

1 2 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
Por lo tanto

(
(
(

1 2 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
1
A
Ejemplo 3; Encuentra
1
A s;
(
(
(

=
2 2 2
6 1 4
4 1 2
A Si.
| | I A =
(
(
(

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
2 2 2
6 1 4
4 1 2

0 1 2 2 1 0
0 0 2 8 2 4
0 1 0 6 1 4
2
2 1 2

+ F F F

(
(
(

1 0 0
0 1 2
0 0 1
2 2 2
2 1 0
4 1 2

1 0 1 6 3 0
0 0 1 4 1 2
1 0 0 2 2 2
3 1 3

+ F F F

(
(
(

1 0 1
0 1 2
0 0 1
6 3 0
2 1 0
4 1 2

1 3 5 0 0 0
0 3 6 6 3 0
1 0 1 6 3 0
3
3 2 3



F F F

(
(
(

1 3 5
0 1 2
0 0 1
0 0 0
2 1 0
4 1 2

Observando que la matriz aumentada tiene una fila
cero, entonces la matriz A no tiene inversa.

MTODO DEL ADJUNTO

Ejemplo 1: encontrar la matriz inversa de;

(
(
(

=
5 1 1
2 4 0
4 3 2
A
Recordando que en el ejemplo anterior se encontr el
adj A, el cual es.
adj A =
(
(
(

8 5 4
4 14 2
16 11 18

Entonces encontrando el A esto es;
( ) ( )
| | | | | |
1 1 3 1
2 3 4
0 4 2
1 1 5
4 2 3 4
2 1 1 1
1 5 4 2
2 20 2 6 16 2 18 10 36 10 46
A
+ +

= =

= +

= + + = = =

Entonces la
( ) A adj
A
A
1
1
=

1
18 11 16
1
2 14 4
46
4 5 8
A

(
(
=
(

(


Ejemplo 2: Encontrar
1
A si

(
(
(

=
8 1 4
3 1 2
2 0 1
A

Encontrando primero el adj A se tiene;
El cofactor del
11
a es;

( ) | | 11 3 8
8 1
3 1
1
1 1
11
= =

=
+
A
El cofactor del
12
a es;
( ) | | 4 12 16
8 4
3 2
1
2 1
12
= = =
+
A
El cofactor del
13
a es;
( ) | | 6 4 2
1 4
1 2
1
3 1
13
= + =

=
+
A
El cofactor del
21
a es;
( ) | | 2 2 0
8 1
2 0
1
1 2
21
= = =
+
A
El cofactor del
22
a es;
( ) | | 0 8 8
8 4
2 1
1
2 2
22
= = =
+
A
El cofactor del
23
a es;
( ) | | 1 0 1
1 4
0 1
1
3 2
23
= = =
+
A
El cofactor del
31
a es;
( ) | | 2 2 0
3 1
2 0
1
1 3
31
= + =

=
+
A
El cofactor del
32
a es;
( ) | | 1 4 3
3 2
2 1
1
2 3
32
= = =
+
A
El cofactor del
33
a es;
( ) | | 1 0 1
1 2
0 1
1
3 3
33
= =

=
+
A
Entonces formando la traspuesta de la matriz formada
por los cofactores obtenemos el adjunto clsico de A.

11 2 2
4 0 1
6 1 1
adj A
(
(
=
(
(


Obteniendo el A esto es;
( ) ( )
| | | | | |
1 1 3 1
1 0 2
1 3 2 1
2 1 3 1 1 2 1
1 8 4 1
4 1 8
1 8 3 2 2 4 11 12 1
A
+ +

= = +
= + + = + =

Entonces la ( ) A adj
A
A
1
1
=

1
1
11 2 2 11 2 2
1
4 0 1 4 0 1
1
6 1 1 6 1 1
11 2 2
4 0 1
6 1 1
A
A

( (
( (
= =
( (
( (

(
(
=
(
(