Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
m2 = [m] m
l R = s
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
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RESISTIVIDAD [Ohm x metro] 30 100 150 300 1000 400 500 1000 30000 107
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No posee potencial 0 Posee resistividad elevada y no es lineal Por lo tanto la tierra es un mal conductor y no debe ser utilizado como tal
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
F(s) H(s)
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
TN-C
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Generacin Acometida
Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Punto de uso
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TN-S
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Generacin Acometida
Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Punto de uso
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TN-C-S
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Generacin Acometida
Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Punto de uso
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TN-C-S (EE.UU)
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Generacin Acometida
Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Punto de uso
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TT
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Generacin Acometida
Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Punto de uso
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IT
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Generacin Acometida
Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Punto de uso
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Tierra y masas
PAT
Masa
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Tolerancia a corriente.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Disyuntor diferencial
PAT
Masa
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Abstract: The problems of system grounding, that is, connection to ground of neutral, of the corner of the delta, or of the midtap of one phase, are covered. The advantages and disadvantages of grounded versus ungrounded systems are discussed. Information is given on how to ground the system, where the system should be grounded, and how to select equipment for the grounding of the neutral circuits. Connecting the frames and enclosures of electric apparatus, such as motors, switchgear, transformers, buses, cables conduits, building frames, and portable equipment, to a ground system is addressed. The fundamentals of making the interconnection or ground-conductor system between electric equipment and the ground rods, water pipes, etc. are outlined. The problems of static electricity-how it is generated, what processes may produce it, how it is measured, and what should be done to prevent its generation or t o drain the static charges to earth t o prevent sparking-are treated. Methods of protecting structures against the effects of lightning are also covered. Obtaining a low-resistance connection to the earth, use of ground rods, connections to water pipes, etc. is discussed. A separate chapter on sensitive electronic equipment is included.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Abstract: The problems of system grounding, that is, connection to ground of neutral, of the corner of the delta, or of the mid tap of one phase, are covered.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
The advantages and disadvantages of grounded versus ungrounded systems are discussed.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Information is given on how to ground the system, where the system should be grounded, and how to select equipment for the grounding of the neutral circuits.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Connecting the frames and enclosures of electric apparatus, such as motors, switchgear, transformers, buses, cables conduits, building frames, and portable equipment, to a ground system is addressed.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
The fundamentals of making the interconnection or ground-conductor system between electric equipment and the ground rods, water pipes, etc. are outlined.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
The problems of static electricity-how it is generated, what processes may produce it, how it is measured, and what should be done to prevent its generation or to drain the static charges to earth to prevent sparking-are treated.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Methods of protecting structures against the effects of lightning are also covered.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Obtaining a low-resistance connection to the earth, use of ground rods, connections to water pipes, etc. is discussed.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Fig. 9 Configuracin 1
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Fig. 10 Configuracin 2
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Conexin a tierra de instalaciones de baja tensin. El verdadero concepto de puestas a tierra separadas, de acuerdo con las normas
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
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N E
Generacin Acometida Punto de uso
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L
V1 0 volts
N E
V1 + V2
Generacin Acometida 1
Punto de uso 2
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Segundo mdulo
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Parmetros de la corriente de un rayo. Normas IEC y NFPA. Geometra de la puesta a tierra. Cobertura de un pararrayos.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
La caida de un rayo
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
La caida de un rayo
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
La caida de un rayo
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
La caida de un rayo
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
La caida de un rayo
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
La caida de un rayo
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
La caida de un rayo
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
La caida de un rayo
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
La cada de un rayo
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
IRAM 2184
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Verificacin de la cobertura
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Cono de proteccin
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Cono de proteccin
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Franklin Normal
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Jaula de Faraday
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Cebado (E.S.E.)
+ _
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Radio = r + vi . Gt
Volumen de coleccin
h
h/2
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Sin normas
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D.A.S
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Congresos internacionales.
ICLP (Europa y Asia) Aos pares SIPDA (Brasil) Aos impares
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Resea del trabajo de dos centros de investigacin que fueron los responsables la tarea experimental.
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Punta experimental de aluminio impactada por un rayo. Foto enviada por el Prof. Charlie Moore
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Jaula de Faraday
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Jaula de Faraday
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Terreno rocoso
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Sin jabalinas
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
La norma ANSI / IEEE 80 La malla de subestacin. Tensiones de paso y contacto. Criterios de dimensionamiento.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
Abstract: Outdoor ac substations, either conventional or gasinsulated, are covered in this guide. Distribution, transmission, and generating plant substations are also included. With proper caution, the methods described herein are also applicable to indoor portions of such substations, or to substations that are wholly indoors. No attempt is made to cover the grounding problems peculiar to dc substations. A quantitative analysis of the effects of lightning surges is also beyond the scope of this guide.
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Ing. Eduardo Mariani
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Falla a tierra.
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Tolerancia a corriente.
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Densidad de corriente
12.3 Effect of current magnitude Soil resistivity in the vicinity of ground electrodes may be affected by current flowing from the electrodes into the surrounding soil. The thermal characteristics and the moisture content of the soil will determine if a current of a given magnitude and duration will cause significant drying and thus increase the effective soil resistivity. A conservative value of current density, as given by Armstrong [B4], is not to exceed 200 A/m2 for 1 s.
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Fin de la presentacin
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