Legislacin forestal peruana

Centro Peruano de Estudios Sociales (CEPES)

AGRARIO
I nf ormat i vo Legal
Segunda poca
Diciembre 2005
22
Anlisis, actualidad y normativa
Informativo Legal Agrario
Segunda poca, n. 22
Diciembre 2005
Una publ i caci n cuat r i mest r al del
Centro Peruano de Estudios Sociales (CEPES)
Av. Salaverry n. 818, Lima 11, Per
Telfono: (51-1) 433-6610
Fax: (51-1) 433-1744
Correo electrnico: legal@cepes.org.pe
URL: http://www.cepes.org.pe
Hecho el depsito legal en la Biblioteca
Nacional del Per: n.2005-6492
Director:
Laureano del Castillo Pinto
Comit editorial:
Fernando Eguren, Juan Rheineck, Bertha
Consiglieri, Laureano del Castillo y Pedro
Castillo
Escriben en este nmero:
Laureano del Castillo, Pedro Castillo y Zulema
Burneo
Cuidado de la edicin: Antonio Luya Cierto
Foto de la cartula: Zulema Burneo
Edicin: A-4 Impresores EIRL/332-3964
Fotografas: Archivo (CEPES)
Precio: S/.10,00
C 0 N ! | N | 0 0 1
Contondo
|reseatac|ca 3
1 |cs ccsaes , |a rea||cac ce |a act|.|cac |cresta| ea e| |era 4
1.1 |cs aatececeates sccre e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs ccsaes 4
1.2 |a e\|ctac|ca ce| caac|c , |as r|meras |e,es 5
1.3 |a cteac|a||cac ce |as t|erras ce s|erra , se|.a , |a ce|crestac|ca
2 || ccsae ccmc recarsc aatara| 8
2.1 |as c|ases ce ccsaes 8
2.2 || tratam|eatc ce |cs ccsaes ea |as acrmas ccast|tac|caa|es 10
2.3 |a |e, ce arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs aatara|es 10
2.4 |a caest|ca |cresta| ea ctrcs a|ses 11
a) |caaccr 11
c) bc||.|a 13
3 || tratam|eatc |e|s|at|.c 15
3.1 |a |e|s|ac|ca aater|cr 15
3.2 |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre 11
a) || atr|mca|c |cresta| aac|caa| 11
c) || crceaam|eatc |cresta| 11
c) |as ccaces|caes macerac|es , |as ctras 18
c) |as ccaces|caes ac macerac|es, |cs erm|scs , |as aatcr|zac|caes 20
e) |cs cerec|cs ce |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as 20
|) |as cc||ac|caes ce |cs t|ta|ares ce cerec|cs ce arc.ec|am|eatc 21
) |cs |aceat|.cs ara |a re|crestac|ca 22
|) |cs ccm|tes |cresta|es 22
3.3 |as areas aatara|es rcte|cas 23
3.4 |as zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca ea |a se|.a 28
4 |a |ast|tac|caa||cac |cresta| 30
4.1 || Ccaa|cr , e| 0s|a|cr 30
4.2 |a |ateaceac|a |cresta| , ce |aaaa >||.estre 31
4.3 |a art|c|ac|ca ce |cs cc|eracs re|caa|es 35
2 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

5 |cs cca|||ctcs cca |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as 31

5.1 || arc.ec|am|eatc ce| ccsae 31
5.2 !|ta|ac|ca ccmaaa| 38
ba|aace , ersect|.as ce |a act|.|cac |cresta| 40
.1 || cteac|a| aaa ac arc.ec|acc 42
.2 |cs ctrcs rc.ec|cs ce| ccsae 44
.3 |cs ccsaes , |a catara ce carccac 44
|atre.|sta 4
/ |erceces |aar|aez, asescra |ea| ce |a C0N/| 4
/ae\c
!rataccs |ateraac|caa|es sccre |cs ccsaes 41
| R | > | N ! / C | 0 N 3
|| aamerc 22 ce| |a|crmat|.c |ea| /rar|c t|eae cr tema |a |e|s|ac|ca |cresta| eraaaa. Uaa eacrme
e\teas|ca ce| terr|tcr|c aac|caa| csee ccac|c|caes ara sa arc.ec|am|eatc |cresta|, r|ac|a|meate
ea |a re|ca amazca|ca. 0caaacc e| ac.eac |aar ea e| maacc ea |c ae resecta a saer||c|e ce
ccsaes , e| seaacc |aar ea /mer|ca |at|aa, ea e|ectc, e| |era ccaceatra aaa |mcrtaate area
ccsccsa ae aece ser.|r, s| es arc.ec|aca ea |crma scstea|c|e, ara eaerar |mcrtaates |arescs
e |ma|sar e| cesarrc||c ac sc|c ce |as re|caes ccace e||a se reseata, s|ac ce| a|s eaterc.
0esce e| aac 2000 se eacaeatra .|eate aaa aae.a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre, |e, 21308,
cca |a ae se |ateata crceaar esta |mcrtaate act|.|cac, aaa marcaca cr |a |a|crma||cac. || retc
es raace, ccmc |c |aa mcstracc |as reteas|caes ea t|emcs ac ma, |eaacs ce c|st|atcs
ccares|stas ara |atrccac|r caest|caac|es mcc|||cac|caes a c|c|c caerc |ea|. Ccmc s|emre, e|
rete\tc asacc |a s|cc |a ce|easa ce |cs |am||ces cc|accres , ce |cs eaeacs e\tractcres ce
macera, ccmc s| e| re|mea aater|cr rea|meate |cs |ac|era ceae||c|acc. |cr e| ccatrar|c, es e| aae.c
s|stema e| ae as|ra a estac|ecer aa s|stema caaz ce erm|t|r e| arc.ec|am|eatc crceaacc ce
|cs recarscs |cresta|es, r|ac|a|meate ce |a macera, erc tamc|ea ce |cs cemas recarscs ce esta
c|ase. |sa as|rac|ca ac arece ser ce |ateres ce a|aacs ma|cs emresar|cs, a|eaes aaestaa mas
c|ea cr |a rc|caac|ca ce| cescrcea , |a |a|crma||cac, a||caacc aae||c ce ae a r|c re.ae|tc,
aaaac|a ce escaccres, ara |c caa| caeataa cca e| ac,c ce a|aaas ma|as aatcr|caces.
|| 0cc|erac , |cs sectcres |a.c|acraccs ea estas act|.|caces |aa ccmreac|cc, s|a emcarc, |a
|mcrtaac|a ce ae ea estcs t|emcs ce |cca||zac|ca ce |a eccacm|a se ea|reate cca cec|s|ca e|
retc ce| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce aaestrcs recarscs. |a |am|aeate eatraca ea .|eac|a ce |as
||m|tac|caes a| ccmerc|c ce macera ac cert|||caca cc||a a tcmar e| tema cca ateac|ca. || rccesc
ae s|a|||cc |a arccac|ca ce |a aae.a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre |aec ce aacs ce tra-
cac ccacertacc eatre e| 0cc|erac, |cs rem|cs |cresta|es, |as craa|zac|caes amc|eata||stas , |as
craa|zac|caes ce aat|.cs es maestra ce ae |a, aaa raa cc|ac|ceac|a , ce ae |ma|sar este
es|aerzc es ce |ateres ce tcccs.
|ameatac|emeate, es mac|c tcca.|a |c ae aeca cr |acer , sca ma, raaces |as ||m|tac|caes
resaaesta|es ara ae |as c||ereates |ast|tac|caes ce| |ccer |ecat|.c aecaa asam|r a |ea|tac
|as c|st|atas tareas ae |es |aa s|cc as|aacas cr |as acrmas |ea|es. |cr e||c, e| estac|ec|m|eatc ce
|cs cc|eracs re|caa|es aece erm|t|r ea a||cac|ca ce| |mcrtaate r|ac||c ce sacs|c|ar|ecac
ccatea|cc ea |a |e|s|ac|ca sccre cesceatra||zac|ca ae estas eat|caces asamaa |aac|caes ea
mater|a |cresta|. >|a emcarc, ac sc|c se rea|ere traas|er|r recarscs |amaacs , mater|a|es es-
casameate as|aaccs a| sectcr |cresta|, s|ac, sccre tccc, |a cec|s|ca c||t|ca ce traas|er|r c|c|as
|aac|caes a |cs aae.cs craacs re|caa|es.
|ste aamerc ce| |a|crmat|.c |ea| /rar|c e| tercerc ce sa aae.a ecca |ateata as| accrcar
|a ccm|ea rcc|emat|ca ce| sectcr |cresta|, ccace, cr |c cemas, tamc|ea |a, s|acs eseraaza-
ccres.
Prosontucon
4 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

Los bosquos y u roudud do u

uctvdud forostu on o Poru
1.1 Ios antecedentes sobre eI
aprovechamiento de Ios bosques
Nc e\|stea ma,crmeate tracacs sccre |cs recarscs aatara-
|es , |a |crma ccmc eraa arc.ec|accs ea e| |era a |c |arc
ce sa ||stcr|a. Uaa ce |as ccas aatcras ae se |aa re|er|cc
a| tema es |a ccctcra |ar|a Rcstwcrcws||, a|ea ea sa ccra
Recarscs aatara|es reac.ac|es , esca. s||cs /\| , /\||, ca
caeata ce |c ae |acr|a s|cc e| tratam|eatc ce |cs recarscs
aatara|es caraate |a Cc|ca|a, eatre e||cs, |cs ccsaes.
|a |cs re|atcs ce |cs crca|stas sccre tccc caaacc se
re||erea a |as ratas em|eacas cr |cs ccaa|staccres ara
reccrrer e| aat|ac |mer|c |aca|cc eaccatramcs a|aaas
meac|caes a |cs recarscs ccsccscs ce| aat|ac |era. |cs
arcc|es mas ccmaaes , |cs ccsaes mas e\teascs |aerca
|cs ce a|arrccc , aaraac, |cs caa|es, rac|as a sas |aras
ra|ces, se e\teac|aa ea tcca |a cesert|ca ccsta eraaaa.
0|||c||meate |a |a|ta ce aaa ce este arae |ac|era erm|t|cc
e| crec|m|eatc ce ctras esec|es .eeta|es, razca cr |a caa|
e| sae|c ce |cs ccsaes se eaccatraca cas| cesrc.|stc ce
|aatas , ||ercas.
1
|as zcaas ccsccsas a|ceracaa a a|aacs aa|ma|es, ccmc
a|cmas, erc|ces, .eaaccs, zcrrcs , |asta amas. |stc
erm|t|a |a caza, |a caa| ea aa r|mer mcmeatc esta.c
cest|aaca a| ccasamc ce |cs esaac|es cc|ca|zaccres. Cca
|a ccasc||cac|ca ce |a Cc|ca|a, |a caza ea |cs ccsaes se
cca.|rt|c ea aaca mas ae aa asat|emc. |cr ctrc |acc,
a|aacs aa|ma|es ce cr|ea esaac|, ccmc |as cacras,
aerccs , carrcs, eaccatrarca sa r|ac|a| sasteatc ea |cs
|ratcs ce a|arrcccs , aaraacs. |a e|ectc, |a reseac|a ce
estas |crmac|caes ccsccsas |ae crac|a| ara |a sacs|steac|a
ce aa|ma|es ea zcaas cesrc.|stas ce aaa.
\a ea |a Cc|ca|a, |a |ateas|.a e\|ctac|ca ce |as m|aas , |a
ccastracc|ca ce .|.|eacas , ctras |asta|ac|caes cer|.arca ea
|a aeces|cac ce arc.ec|ar |a macera rc.ea|eate ce |cs
ccsaes ,, e.eataa|meate, ea |a |atrccacc|ca ce esec|es
cesccacc|cas |asta eatcaces, ara aa mecr arc.ec|a-
m|eatc ce |a macera.
|a ta|a |ac|scr|m|aaca ce |cs ccsaes ccsteacs, ara |a
ccteac|ca ce macera, cc||c a| Cac||cc ce ||ma a c|ctar |as
r|meras crceaaazas re|er|cas a| arc.ec|am|eatc ce este
/
a
|
e
m
a

b
a
r
a
e
c
1 / | 0 > b 0 > Q U | > \ | / R | / | | 0 / 0 0 | | / / C ! | \ | 0 / 0 | 0 R | > ! / | | N | | | | R U 5
recarsc. |a 1535, aae||cs ae cse|aa t|erras |aerca cc||-
accs a |aatar saaces , ctrcs arcc|es, ara ccatrarrestar
e| e|ectc ce |a ta|a. /s|m|smc, se rc||c|c ccrtar arcc|es
|rata|es ae ac |aeraa ce rc|ecac ce aac. >|a emcarc, |a
aeces|cac crec|eate ce ccmcast|c|e ccmc carcca .eeta|
, |eaa ara |as .|.|eacas, aceatac sa aa|a||ac|ca.
|| e|ectc ce esta s|taac|ca |ae |a c|sm|aac|ca ce |cs ccsaes,
e| a|za ce| rec|c ce| ccmcast|c|e , |a re.a|cr|zac|ca ce |as
t|erras ccsccsas. |cr ctrc |acc, |a |acca|ta ce s| |a .eata
ce |a t|erra ctcraca e| cerec|c a |a ta|a ce |cs mcates, se
.c|.|c mater|a ce c|scas|ca, |c ae se tracac ea aaa|ac|caes
ce .eatas , a|c|cs cr t|erras.
Uaa ce |as |mcrtaates ccasecaeac|as ce |a errac|cac|ca ce
|cs ccsaes |a s|cc |a c|sers|ca ce areaa cr e|ectc ce |cs
.|eatcs, |a caa| cae ea e||rc |as areas ce ca|t|.c , erm|te
e| a.aace ce| ces|ertc ea |cs .a||es ccsteacs.
|| a|t|mc re||ctc ce aaraacs re|stracc cr Rcstwcrcws||
cata ce 1945, , se ac|caca ea e| c|str|tc ce >aat|ac,
rc.|ac|a , ceartameatc ce |ca. 0esaarec|c |aec ce
ae aaa resc|ac|ca ce| ||a|ster|c ce |cmeatc , 0cras
|ac||cas aatcr|zara a rematar|c ara |a |acr|cac|ca ce
carcca .eeta|.
|a |cs r|mercs t|emcs ce |a ||stcr|a reac||caaa ac se
e.|ceac|c ma,cr reccaac|ca resectc ce |cs ccsaes
ccmc ac |aera ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce| caac|c, |asta
||aes ce| s||c /|/, ccace eaccatraremcs |as r|meras acrmas
|ea|es ae se ccaaa ce estcs recarscs aatara|es.
1.2 Ia expIotacin deI caucho y Ias
primeras Ieyes
|| caac|c |ae aac ce |cs r|ac|a|es recarscs e\|ctaccs
caraate |a temraaa Reac||ca eraaaa. |as r|meras act|-
c|as sccre sa e\|steac|a cataa ce t|emcs ce |a Cc|ca|a. |cs
re|atcs ce .|aercs ce| s||c /\| cescr|c|aa |a e\|steac|a ce aaa
cma e|ast|ca ea a|aacs a|ses ce /mer|ca. >|a emcarc,
ac es |asta mec|accs ce| s||c /\||| ae |a e\|ctac|ca ce|
recarsc se |acastr|a||za a a|.e| maac|a|.
|a e\|ctac|ca ce| caac|c se |a|c|a ea |a /mazca|a eraaaa
ea 180. / c||ereac|a ce ctras |mcrtaates zcaas caac|eras
ce| s||c /|/, ea e| |era ac se cesarrc||arca |aatac|caes ce
caac|c. |as |acastr|as mas ccercsas se eaccatracaa ea
maacs ce |a|eses, |c|aaceses , acrteamer|caacs. |a e|
|era, |as r|ac|a|es ccmaa|as caac|eras esta.|erca ea
maacs ce |a|eses. |a |era.|aa /mazcas ea e| |atama-
,c, |a |aca Raccer Cc. , !|e !amccata Raccer >|ac|cate
||m|tec ea |acre 0|cs |aerca |as mas |mcrtaates.
|| caac|erc reccrr|a |cs ccsaes ea casca ce cma|es , se
|asta|aca , e\|ctaca s|a ccatrc| ce a|aaa t|c, ta|aacc ,
cestra,eacc |cs arcc|es. |a ccasecaeac|a ce esta cesme-
c|ca e\|ctac|ca |ae ae |ac|a r|ac||cs ce| s||c // ,a se
|ac|a e.|ceate |a e\t|ac|ca ce |cs arcc|es caac|ercs.
|a 1898 se rcma|c |a r|mera |e, craa|ca ce t|erras
ce mcataaa, |a caa| |e|s|c acerca ce |a e\|ctac|ca ,
e\crtac|ca ce recarscs, eatre ctrcs asectcs. |a 1909
se rcma|c |a |e, eaera| ce t|erras ce mcataaa, |a ae
estac|ec|a |as |crmas cr |as caa|es se cc|aa ccteaer te-
rreacs ea |a se|.a. |sta |e, c|sasc tamc|ea |a creac|ca ce
aa acrca eaera| ce t|erras, ea e| caa| cec|aa |ascr|c|rse
tccas |as t|erras cctea|cas ce| |stacc.
|a 1904, sc|c ea |as mareaes ce| /mazcaas se ccatac|||za-
rca 93 |aaccs caac|ercs. |ste cccm eaerc e| crec|m|eatc
cc|ac|caa| ce |a se|.a caraate |a seaaca m|tac ce| s||c
/|/. |as zcaas ce se|.a a|ta c|sm|aa,erca sa rccacc|ca
arcecaar|a , |a cc|ac|ca aat|.a |ae mac|as .eces ces-
|azaca, aes |cs r|cs , aecracas se cc|arca ce cc|cacs
e |am|raates e\traaercs ca|ta||stas, c ce a.eatarercs
ae cascacaa ear|aecerse. || s|a|eate caacrc maestra
|a reccm|aaac|a ce |a e\|ctac|ca caac|era sccre ctras
act|.|caces eccacm|cas ce |a ecca.
!|c ce ccaces|ca N.
c
ce |a
0cma|es 8 981
|aceras 1 198
0aaacer|a 1 329
!aaa|es 38
Tooaoo oo |a ox|otac|oo oo| caoc|o oo o| |oo, oo oso /otoo|o
||oos Ma|o
+
1 ||0R|> |/R|N, cse /atca|c, |a e\|ctac|ca ce| caac|c ea e| |era, ||ma,
C0NC\!|C, 1981, . 54.
| | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

|a 190 se c|c |a |e, ce r|mas ce cma|es, seaa |a caa| se

tea|aa ae aar 20 ceata.cs cr | cratc e\crtacc , 24
ceata.cs cr | aetc, ccs ceata.cs estacaa cest|aaccs a |a
creac|ca ce |caccs ara |aatac|caes ce caac|c. /| amarc
ce esta |e, se ||c|erca a|aaas |aatac|caes. >|a emcarc,
sa re|ameatc aaaca |ae e|accracc , amas se sac ce |cs
mcatcs recaacaccs. |as |aatac|caes ac rcserarca.
/ ||aes ce| s||c /|/, a |a e\|ctac|ca ce| caac|c se samc |a
ce| ece (|ecea cras||eas|s c c||r|aa), ae a|caazc sa aae
eatre 1908 , 1910. |a rccacc|ca ce caac|c , ce ece |ae
|rrea|ar a |c |arc ce |cs aacs, erc |cs mas a|tcs |ac|ces
ce rccacc|ca ara amccs cascs se re|strarca |ac|a 1910,
aac ea e| caa| se ccta.|erca, sc|c ea |cretc, mas ce 4
m|||caes , mec|c ce | ce cma. 0tras zcaas |mcrtaates
ce rccacc|ca |aerca |acre ce 0|cs , |as caeacas ce |cs
r|cs |aras , \araa.
|a e\|ctac|ca ce| caac|c ea |a se|.a eraaaa se eamarcc
ea aa s|stema ce e\|ctac|ca ce |cs tracaaccres, caracte-
r|zacc cr |crmas ma, caras ce esc|a.|tac. |cs |ac|eaas
eraa ersea|ccs, rec|ataccs , .eac|ccs ccmc ecaes
caac|ercs. 0tra |crma ce rec|atar tracaaccres |ae |a ce|
a.|am|eatc. |cs a.|accres se eacaracaa ce acastecer ce
|erram|eatas ce tracac , ce a||meatcs a |cs tracaaccres
rec|ataccs, a camc|c ce aa crceatae ce |a rccacc|ca ae
estcs |cracaa ccteaer, |c ae |es erm|t|a a |cs r|mercs
aaaac|as ce eatre 50 , 100 ce |c |a.ert|cc.
0esaes ce| aae ce 1910 emezc aaa ace|eraca cecac|e
ea |a e\|ctac|ca caac|era. Ua |actcr ma, |mcrtaate |ae
|a careac|a ce maac ce ccra, e\||caca cr |as es|mas
ccac|c|caes ce .|ca ce |cs ecaes, a|eaes eraa .|ct|mas
ce ea|ermecaces , |amcraaa cec|cc a aaa cesmec|ca
e\|ctac|ca. |erc e| |actcr cec|s|.c |ae e| |a|c|c ce |a e\|c-
tac|ca ce ece ea |as |aatac|caes |a|esas , |c|aacesas
aseatacas ea /s|a , 0ceaa|a, ea 1910. |cs cacs ccstcs
ce rccacc|ca ce 0r|eate ||arca aa meacr rec|c, cca e|
ae |a /mazca|a eraaaa ac acc ccmet|r. Cca e| ||a ce |a
era ce |a e\|ctac|ca caac|era |a se|.a eraaaa estaacc sa
aae eccacm|cc, |c ae rccac acemas aa cescc|am|eatc
ea |a zcaa.
1.3 Ia potenciaIidad de Ias tierras de
sierra y seIva y Ia deforestacin
>| acs re|er|mcs a| cteac|a| ce| a|s, cecemcs recarr|r a
c||ras ce |cs craa|smcs c||c|a|es. seaa e||as, ccatamcs cca
11,8 m|||caes ce |a ce ccsaes aatara|es, ce |as caa|es,
1,2 m|||caes se eacaeatraa ea |a re|ca ce |a se|.a
2
. Cca
estas c||ras, e| |era se ac|car|a ea e| seaacc |aar ea e\-
teas|ca ce ccsaes aatara|es ea /mer|ca ce| >ar, m|eatras
ae ea e| maacc ccaar|amcs e| ac.eac |aar
3
.
/ rccs|tc ce aaestra c|sca|c|||cac ce recarscs |cresta|es,
a|za sea ert|aeate reccrcar |as c||ras ae arrcacaa taatc
e| Ceasc Nac|caa| /rcecaar|c ce 1994 ccmc aa estac|c
mac|c mas e\|aast|.c rea||zacc cr |a cesaarec|ca 0||c|aa
Nac|caa| ce |.a|aac|ca ce Recarscs Natara|es (0N|RN) res-
ectc ce| cteac|a| ce |as t|erras |cresta|es ea e| a|s. >eaa
e| caacrc ae se maestra a ccat|aaac|ca, m|eatras ae ea
1994 se eaccatracaa ea rccacc|ca c se arc.ec|acaa 9
m|||caes ce |a ce t|erras ce ccsaes, |a 0N|RN est|maca
ae e| cteac|a| |cresta| era ce mas ce 48 m|||caes ce |a.
Usc ce |a t|erra seaa e| Ceasc Nac|caa| /rcecaar|c ce 1994, ,
cteac|a| ce asc ce |as t|erras seaa |a 0N|RN
||| Ceaarc 0N|RN
1. !|erras ce ca|t|.c 5 41 91,10 1 09 000
2. |astcs aatara|es 1 90 410,30 11 91 000
3. |cates , ccsaes 9 053 105,41 48 542 000
4. |r|azcs , rctecc|ca 3 944 5,29 34 300 000
!cta| 35 381 808,81 108 31 000
|oootos: l||l, lll Cooso |ac|ooa| /oocoa|o +99+, y C||||.
2 |rc,ectc |/0 0C|/||R/035/N|!, /c,c a |a estrate|a aac|caa| ara e|
cesarrc||c |cresta|, 2001, brcc|are |ast|tac|caa|. C|tacc ea |rcaesta ce
|aaeam|eatc estrate|cc |ast|tac|caa| 2005-2014, ||ma, |0N0|b0>QU|,
a||c 2004.
3 |a e.a|aac|ca ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es maac|a|es 2000, 0raa|zac|ca
ce |as Nac|caes Ua|cas ara |a /r|ca|tara , |a /||meatac|ca (|/0), 2001.
C|tacc ea ||aa estrate|cc |ast|tac|caa| 2005-2014, ||ma, |0N0|b0>QU|,
aa|c 2005, . 2.
1 / | 0 > b 0 > Q U | > \ | / R | / | | 0 / 0 0 | | / / C ! | \ | 0 / 0 | 0 R | > ! / | | N | | | | R U 1
|ameatac|emeate, |a e\|ctac|ca cesccatrc|aca |a ceter-
m|aacc |a ract|ca cesaar|c|ca ce |cs ccsaes aatara|es
ae e\|st|aa ea |as re|caes ce ccsta , s|erra. |a e|ectc,
sccre tccc ara |a ccteac|ca ce |eaa, |cs cccs ccsaes ce
estas re|caes cas| se |aa e\t|aa|cc. |as rec|eatemeate,
|cs e\teascs ccsaes ce a|arrcccs |aa s|cc c|ezmaccs
ara |a ccteac|ca ce carcca, m|eatras ae c|.ersas ese-
c|es macerac|es se |aa em|eacc ara |a e|accrac|ca ce|
araet cest|aacc a cacr|r |cs |scs ce |as casas ce ||ma
, ctras c|acaces. |a |aerte m|rac|ca |ac|a |as t|erras ce
cea ce se|.a, , |aec |ac|a |a se|.a, |a tea|cc tamc|ea aa
raa e|ectc sccre |cs ccsaes amazca|ccs, ae |aa s|cc
.|ct|mas ce aaa e\|ctac|ca .craz ce .a||csas esec|es
macereras, ccmc e| cecrc , |a cacca, |asta cear|as a|
ccrce ce |a e\t|ac|ca.
/s| |as ccsas, a| e|accrarse e| |aa |cresta| ce| |era, ea
1914, se e.|ceac|c ae a|receccr ce 1 m|||caes ce |ecta-
reas ccsccsas ||ac|aa s|cc] cestra|cas ea c|acaeata aacs
ce act|.|cac ar|cc|a, esec|a|meate ea |a cea ce se|.a
4
.
/| aac 2000 se re|stracaa ea e| a|s mas ce 9,5 m|||caes
ce |a ce|crestacas, a aa r|tmc ce mas ce 20 m|| |a cr
aac
5
, s|eacc sa r|ac|a| caasa |a act|.|cac arcecaar|a,
aaaae tamc|ea se aecea meac|caar ctras.
|a ce|crestac|ca ce |as caeacas ceterm|aa ae e| aaa
c|sm|aa,a , se rccazca e| rccesc ccacc|cc ccmc
cesert|||cac|ca ma, |ateasc ea |as zcaas cesert|cas ,
sem|ar|cas, |c caa| se |a re||eacc ea e| a.aace ce |cs
ces|ertcs. /s|m|smc, |a erc|ca ce |a cccertara ccsccsa , ce
ctrc t|c ce .eetac|ca |ace ae |as |aaacac|caes se |aaa
mas |recaeates e |ateasas. cacc ae |a .eetac|ca a,aca
a ae e| sae|c reteaa e| aaa, a| cesaarecer aae||a, e|
aaa se escarre cca .|c|eac|a, arrastra arte ce| sae|c ,
eaera caaat|cscs caacs.
/atca|c brac| |

est|ma ae e| |arc rccesc ce ta|a ce

ccsaes ae e| ca|ca|a ea, a| meacs, aaas 15 m|||caes
ce |a ce ccsaes |a ceterm|aacc aaa a|ectac|ca ma,
raace ce estcs recarscs, a |c ae se sama |a a|terac|ca
ce| ccsae cr |a e\tracc|ca ce macera , |a |acr|cac|ca ce
carcca .eeta|.
|sta ta|a |a a|ectacc a raaces e\teas|caes ce ccs-
aes aac|acs (aeaca|es , a|s|aares), ae ce aaas 3
m|||caes ce |ectareas se |aa recac|cc a aeaas aaas
50 000, a |cs ccsaes seccs (a|arrcca|es , ccsaes
seccs), recac|ccs crast|cameate ara |as raaces
|rr|ac|caes, a |cs ccsaes ce |cs .a||es ccstercs, ma,
e\teascs ea e| asacc, , ce |cs ae aecaa re||ctcs ea
|a actaa||cac, a |cs ccsaes ce aec||aa ce |as .ert|eates
ccc|ceata|es ce| acrte , ceatrc, ae |aa s|cc cestra|-
ccs cas| ea sa tcta||cac, , ce |cs ae aecaa escascs
re||ctcs ea |as artes a|tas ce |cs r|cs ||ara, /aaa ,
|a |ec|e, a |cs ccsaes ce |as .ert|eates cr|eata|es
aac|aas , a |cs ce |a se|.a caa, ccace se |aa ta|acc
,a aaas 9,5 m|||caes ce |ectareas , caca aac se ta|aa
aaas 250 000 ac|c|caa|es.
|| a|ac|cc estac|csc est|ma aaa ma,cr a|ectac|ca ce |cs
ccsaes |ameccs ce |as .ert|eates ccc|ceata|es ce| acrte,
aates ma, e\teascs ea tccas |as caeacas a|tas, cesce e|
r|c C||ra |asta e| r|c R|mac, |ae] |aa s|cc e||m|aaccs ea
aa 95 , sc|c aecaa a|aacs restcs |as|a|||caates , ea
rccesc ce cestracc|ca tcta|, m|eatras ae |cs ccsaes ce
|a se|.a a|ta se |aa recac|cc crast|cameate cr |a ccastrac-
c|ca ce carreteras ae |aa erm|t|cc |a ccaac|ca cr arte
ce m|raates aac|acs. || resa|tacc. cerca ce 3 m|||caes ce
|ectareas |aa s|cc ta|acas ea /mazcaas, Caamarca, >aa
|art|a, |aaaacc, |ascc, aa|a, /,acac|c, Cascc, /ar|mac,
|aac , |acre ce 0|cs
1
.
Ccmc ccremcs .er mas ace|aate, acemas ce| estac|e-
c|m|eatc ce mecaa|smcs ara e| asc scstea|c|e ce esta
|mcrtaate r|aeza aatara| .a||csa a|teraat|.a ara e.|tar
ae |cs ccsaes amazca|ccs s|aa recac|eaccse, a|aacs
e\ertcs |aateaa ||e.ar ace|aate |accres ce |crestac|ca ,
re|crestac|ca. 0e acaercc cca c||ras ce| |ast|tatc Nac|caa|
ce Recarscs Natara|es (|areaa), se teacr|aa 10 m|||caes
ce |a ce t|erras atas ara |a |asta|ac|ca ce |aatac|caes
|cresta|es, a |as ae |acr|a ae samar |as t|erras ce |a re|ca
aac|aa cca at|tac |cresta|.
4 R0||R0 |/>!0R, |arcc, |cs recarscs |cresta|es, ecc|c|a , ccmaa|caces
aat|.as, ea Ccmaa|caces cames|aas , aat|.as. Ncrmat|.|cac , cesarrc||c,
||ma, >er.|c|cs |cacat|.cs Rara|es , |aacac|ca |r|ecr|c| Naamaaa,
1989.
5 N|C0C||/ ||0R|>, Car|cs, /|tc a |a ta|a ||ea|, c|ar|c || Ccmerc|c, 14 ce
cctacre ce 2003. C|tacc ea |rcaesta ce |aaeam|eatc estrate|cc
|ast|tac|caa| 2005-2014, c. c|t.
bR/CK |00, /atca|c, |era. c|cc|.ers|cac, ccreza , eccaecc|cs, ea
|ater|a|es ce| carsc ce tecr|a ce |cs recarscs aatara|es, 0||cma ce
|stac|cs ea 0erec|c /mc|eata|, ||ma, |aca|tac ce 0erec|c ce |a |cat|||c|a
Ua|.ers|cac Catc||ca ce| |era, 2003, . 3.
1 bR/CK |00, |era. c|cc|.ers|cac, ccreza , eccaecc|cs, c. c|t., . 40 ,
41.
8 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

L bosquo como
rocurso nuturu
|a aater|cr |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre ccmreac|a ea
sa ce||a|c|ca ce ccsaes taatc a |as ccmaa|caces .eeta-
|es aatara|es ea |as ae reccm|aaa |as esec|es |eacsas
re|er|cas a ceterm|aaca saer||c|e ce| sae|c, ccmc a |as
|aatac|caes |cresta|es (art|ca|c 8), cca |c ae ea|ccaca
a |cs ccsaes aatara|es , a |cs ccsaes resa|tacc ce |a
act|.|cac |amaaa.
>| c|ea |a raa ma,cr|a ce aaestrcs ccsaes se eacaeatraa
ea |a re|ca amazca|ca, tamc|ea |cs |a, ea |as re|caes
ce ccsta , s|erra, aaaae reseataacc caracter|st|cas ma,
c|st|atas. |a e|ectc, |cs mas ccacc|ccs sca |cs ccsaes
trc|ca|es amazca|ccs (cseemcs e| 13, , e| restc |c
ccmart|mcs cca bc||.|a, Cc|cmc|a, |caaccr, 0a,aaa, >a-
r|aame , \eaezae|a), erc tamc|ea estaa e| ccsae secc
ecaatcr|a| (ea |a zcaa acrte ce| a|s), |cs ccsaes ce aec||aa
(ea |as .ert|eates cr|eata|es aac|aas) , |cs ccsaes seccs
|ateraac|acs (ea .a||es ccmc |araaca, |aa,|as, |aaaacc,
|aatarc, /ar|mac, eatre ctrcs).
2.1 Ias cIases de bosques
|\|stea .ar|as c|as|||cac|caes ce |cs ccsaes. /s|, aaa
r|mera c|st|ac|ca, recc|ca ea |a cercaca |e, |cresta|
, ce |aaaa s||.estre, reccacc|a a |cs ccsaes aatara|es
, |cs ccsaes ca|t|.accs. |cs r|mercs sca |cs ccsaes
e\|steates ccmc resa|tacc ce |a acc|ca ce |a aatara|eza,
ea camc|c, |cs ccsaes ca|t|.accs sca |as |aatac|caes
|cresta|es rea||zacas sccre t|erras ca||||cacas ccmc atas
ara ta| ||a, es cec|r, sca e| resa|tacc ce |a acc|ca c|recta
ce |cs seres |amaacs.
|cr sas c|st|atas caracter|st|cas, ccemcs tamc|ea c|st|aa|r
eatre ccsaes |ameccs trc|ca|es (ac|caccs ea |a /mazc-
a|a), ccsaes ce aec||aa , ccsaes seccs ce |a ccsta.
/s|m|smc, cece c|st|aa|rse eatre ccsaes r|mar|cs ,
ccsaes secaacar|cs. |cs r|mar|cs sca aae||cs ccsaes
aatara|es ae ac |aa s|cc ccetc ce arc.ec|am|eatc,
m|eatras ae |cs secaacar|cs sca aae||cs ae, |ac|eacc
s|cc ccetc ce e\|ctac|ca cr e| |cmcre c |ac|eacc s|cc
a|ectaccs cr |eacmeacs aatara|es, se |aa reccast|ta|cc.
2
>|a|eacc |cs cr|ter|cs ce c|as|||cac|ca |ea|, teaemcs se|s
t|cs ce ccsaes. |cs ccsaes ce rccacc|ca, |cs ccsaes
ce arc.ec|am|eatc |atarc, |cs ccsaes ea t|erras ce
rctecc|ca, |as areas aatara|es rcte|cas, |cs ccsaes ea
ccmaa|caces aat|.as , cames|aas, , |cs ccsaes |cca|es. |a
|e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre |cs |a ce||a|cc cca mac|c
ceta||e ea sa art|ca|c 8.
|cs ccsaes ce rccacc|ca sca |as saer||c|es ccsccsas ae,
cr sas caracter|st|cas c|ct|cas , ac|ct|cas, sca atas ara
|a rccacc|ca ermaaeate , scstea|c|e ce macera , ctrcs
ser.|c|cs |cresta|es. >e trata aa| ce ccsaes r|mar|cs. |a
|e, c|st|aae ceatrc ce estcs ccsaes ccs catecr|as, ce
acaercc cca |as cs|c|||caces ce arc.ec|am|eatc.
a) ccsaes ce rccacc|ca ermaaeate. aae||as areas
cca ccsaes aatara|es r|mar|cs , ae, a rcaesta ce|
|areaa, mec|aate resc|ac|ca m|a|ster|a| ce| ||a|ster|c ce
/r|ca|tara se caea a c|scs|c|ca ce |cs art|ca|ares
ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc re|ereate ce |a macera ,
ctrcs recarscs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa s||.estre, ,
c) ccsaes ce rccacc|ca ea reser.a. ccsaes aatara|es
r|mar|cs, cest|aaccs a |a rccacc|ca re|ereate ce ma-
cera , ctrcs c|eaes , ser.|c|cs |cresta|es, ae e| |stacc
maat|eae ea reser.a ara sa |atara |ac|||tac|ca.
|cs ccsaes ara arc.ec|am|eatc |atarc sca aae||as
saer||c|es ae, cr sas caracter|st|cas c|ct|cas , ac|ct|cas,
se eacaeatraa ea rccesc ce cesarrc||c ara ser aestas
ea rccacc|ca ermaaeate ce macera , ctrcs ser.|c|cs
|cresta|es. |a .|eate |e, c|st|aae ceatrc ce e||cs.
a) |aatac|caes |cresta|es. aae||as |cracas mec|aate e|
estac|ec|m|eatc ce cccertara arccrea , arcast|.a ea
areas ce caac|cac ce asc ma,cr |cresta|,
c) ccsaes secaacar|cs. saer||c|es ccsccsas cc|acas
cr esec|es |caeras, |crmacas cr erc|ca ce| ccsae
r|mar|c ccmc ccasecaeac|a ce |eacmeacs aatara|es c
|a act|.|cac |amaaa, ,
c) areas ce recaerac|ca |cresta|. t|erras s|a cac|erta
.eeta| c cca escasa cccertara arccrea c ce cac .a|cr
2 / | | b 0 > Q U | C 0 | 0 R | C U R > 0 N / ! U R / | 9
ccmerc|a|, ae rea|erea |crestac|ca , re|crestac|ca
ara re|accrcrar|as a |a rccacc|ca , restac|ca ce
ser.|c|cs |cresta|es.
|a caaatc a |cs ccsaes ea t|erras ce rctecc|ca, |a |e, |cs
ce||ae ccmc |as saer||c|es ae, cr sas caracter|st|cas c|ct|-
cas , ac|ct|cas, s|r.ea |aacameata|meate ara reser.ar |cs
sae|cs, maateaer e| ea|||cr|c ||cr|cc, ccaser.ar , rcteer
|cs ccsaes r|cereacs a cr|eataccs a| maaec ce caeacas,
rcteer |a c|.ers|cac c|c|c|ca , |a ccaser.ac|ca ce| am-
c|eate. /rea |a |e, ae ea estas areas se rcmae.ea |cs
ascs |ac|rectcs ccmc e| ecctar|smc, |a recaerac|ca
ce ||cra , |aaaa ea .|as ce e\t|ac|ca , e| arc.ec|am|eatc
ce rccactcs ac macerac|es.
|cr sa arte, |as areas aatara|es rcte|cas sca |as sa-
er||c|es aecesar|as ara |a ccaser.ac|ca ce |a c|.ers|cac
c|c|c|ca , cemas .a|cres ascc|accs, ce |ateres amc|eata|,
ca|tara|, a|sa|st|cc , c|eat|||cc, ce cca|crm|cac cca |a |e,
2834, ce areas aatara|es rcte|cas.
|cs ccsaes ea ccmaa|caces aat|.as , cames|aas sca
aae||cs ae se eacaeatraa ceatrc ce| terr|tcr|c ce estas
ccmaa|caces, cca |a araat|a ae |es reccacce e| art|ca|c
89 ce |a Ccast|tac|ca c||t|ca. >ccre este tema .c|.eremcs
mas ace|aate, ea esta m|sma secc|ca ce| |a|crmat|.c |ea|
/rar|c.
|cr a|t|mc, |cs ccsaes |cca|es sca |cs ae e| |areaa
ctcra ce acaercc cca e| re|ameatc, mec|aate
aatcr|zac|caes , erm|scs, a |as cc|ac|caes rara|es ,
ceatrcs cc|accs, ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce
|cs recarscs |cresta|es.
Ccmc se arec|a a| re.|sar estas ce||a|c|caes, a| |areaa se
|e as|aaa aaa ser|e ce rescasac|||caces ea caaatc a |a
zca|||cac|ca |cresta|.
|oooto: a|oa .ob oo| l||||/: |tt://....|oooa.ob.o>
Bosques de produccin permanente, 2005
10 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

2.2 fI tratamiento de Ios bosques en

Ias normas constitucionaIes
>eaa |a Ccast|tac|ca ce 1993, |cs recarscs aatara|es
reac.ac|es , ac reac.ac|es sca atr|mca|c ce |a aac|ca, ,
e| |stacc es scceraac ea sa arc.ec|am|eatc. |sta |crma
ce tratar |cs recarscs aatara|es ac es, s|a emcarc, a|c
aae.c ea aaestra trac|c|ca ccast|tac|caa|.
|a Ccast|tac|ca c||t|ca ce 1933 |ae |a r|mera ea ccaarse
ce |cs recarscs aatara|es, c|sca|eacc ea sa art|ca|c 31.
|as m|aas, t|erras, ccsaes, aaas ,, ea eaera|, tccas |as
|aeates aatara|es ce r|aeza erteaecea a| |stacc, sa|.c
|cs cerec|cs |ea|meate aca|r|ccs....
|aec ce caareata aacs ce .|eac|a |crma| (estc es, |ate-
rram|ca cr c|st|atcs cc|eracs ce |actc) ce esa carta,
|a Ccast|tac|ca ce 1919 retcmara ese r|ac||c. /s|, ea e|
art|ca|c 118 ce esta se seaa|aca.
|cs recarscs aatara|es, reac.ac|es , ac reac.ac|es,
sca atr|mca|c ce |a Nac|ca.
|cs m|aera|es, t|erras, ccsaes, aaas ,, ea eaera|,
tcccs |cs recarscs aatara|es , |aeates ce eaer|a
erteaecea a| |stacc. |a |e, ||a |as ccac|c|caes ce
sa at|||zac|ca cr este , ce sa ctcram|eatc a |cs
art|ca|ares.
|a Ccast|tac|ca ce 1993 actaa|meate .|eate rat|||ca
ae |cs recarscs aatara|es, reac.ac|es , ac reac.ac|es,
sca atr|mca|c ce |a aac|ca, , cesarrc||a |a temat|ca ce |cs
m|smcs ea |crma mas cre.e ae |a carta ce 1919. Ua as-
ectc samameate |mcrtaate ce sa tratam|eatc cr |a carta
actaa| esta ccatea|cc ea |a seaaca arte ce| art|ca|c .
|cr |e, craa|ca se ||aa |as ccac|c|caes ce sa at|||zac|ca ,
ce sa ctcram|eatc a art|ca|ares. |a ccaces|ca ctcra a sa
t|ta|ar aa cerec|c rea|, saetc a c|c|a acrma |ea|.
0e este mccc, ccemcs ccac|a|r ae ea aaestra trac|c|ca
ccast|tac|caa| |cs ccsaes, ccmc arte ce |cs recarscs
aatara|es, ccast|ta,ea atr|mca|c ce |a aac|ca, es cec|r, ce
tcccs |cs eraaacs. |a rea||cac, |ac|asc ea aaestra trac|c|ca
||stcr|ca |cs ccsaes s|emre |aa s|cc aa recarsc ae ac
cc|a ser arc|acc ea |crma |ac|.|caa|, aes ,a cesce |a
ecca cc|ca|a| se a||rmaca ae |cs recarscs eraa atr|mca|c
ce| scceraac, es cec|r, ce |a ccrcaa esaac|a, trac|c|ca ae
aaestra reac||ca maat|eae |asta |a actaa||cac ea |c ae
se ceacm|aa e| s|stema ccm|aa||sta, cr reccaccer a |cs
recarscs ccmc ce ccm|a|c ce| |stacc c ce |a aac|ca.
|| art|ca|c 1 ce |a actaa| Ccast|tac|ca reser.a ara e|
|stacc |a |aca|tac ce ceterm|aar |a c||t|ca aac|caa| ce|
amc|eate, acrma ae aarca cc|ereac|a cca |a a||rmac|ca
ce |a scceraa|a sccre |cs recarscs aatara|es. !amc|ea
resa|ta cestacac|e ea este ar t|ca|c ae se ccasare
ccast|tac|caa|meate e| r|ac||c ce| asc scstea|c|e ce |cs
recarscs aatara|es, ca,a rcmcc|ca ccrrescace |aa|meate
a| |stacc eraaac.
/s|m|smc, e| art|ca|c 8 ce |a Ccast|tac|ca |accrcra |a
cc||ac|ca ce| |stacc ce rcmc.er |a ccaser.ac|ca ce
|a c|.ers|cac c|c|c|ca, as| ccmc ce |as areas aatara|es
rcte|cas, asectcs tamc|ea .|aca|accs a |cs recarscs
|cresta|es.
||aa|meate, e| art|ca|c 9 seaa|a ea |crma e\||c|ta e| ccm-
rcm|sc ce| |stacc ce rcmc.er e| cesarrc||c scstea|c|e ce
|a /mazca|a mec|aate |a cac|ca ce aaa |e|s|ac|ca acecaaca
ara esa .asta re|ca. Nc se |a acc|cc ea e| .|eate te\tc
ccast|tac|caa| |a cs|c|||cac ae recc|c |a carta ce 1919,
ce ccas|cerar |a eatrea ce ccsaes ea rc|ecac a |cs
art|ca|ares.
2.3 Ia Iey de aprovechamiento
sostenibIe de Ios recursos naturaIes
Rescac|eacc a| maacatc ccast|tac|caa| ce| art|ca|c
traascr|tc ||aeas arr|ca, ea 1991, , |aec ce aa am||c rc-
cesc ce ccasa|tas, se arccc |a |e, 2821, craa|ca ara
e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs aatara|es,
acrma ae cesarrc||a e| c|tacc art|ca|c ccast|tac|caa|.
|sta |e, ce||ae ccmc sa ccet|.c rcmc.er , rea|ar e|
arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs aatara|es, re-
ac.ac|es , ac reac.ac|es, estac|ec|eacc aa marcc acecaacc
ara e| |cmeatc a |a |a.ers|ca, rccaraacc aa ea|||cr|c
c|aam|cc eatre e| crec|m|eatc eccacm|cc, |a ccaser.ac|ca
ce |cs recarscs aatara|es , ce| amc|eate , e| cesarrc||c
|atera| ce |a erscaa |amaaa (art|ca|c 2).
|a |e, craa|ca ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs
recarscs aatara|es ccast|ta,e sa |e, marcc, es cec|r, aae||a
a|receccr ce ca,cs r|ac||cs , acrmas eaera|es cecea
carse |as ccrrescac|eates acrmas sectcr|a|es, estc es,
|as re|ac|caacas cca recarscs aatara|es esec|||ccs ccmc
|cs recarscs ||cr|cc, |cresta|, m|aera|, c|.ers|cac c|c|c|ca,
etc. |sta |e, c|scae acemas ae |as |e,es esec|a|es (|as
re|er|cas a caca aac ce |cs recarscs aatara|es) ceceraa
ccatem|ar ea |crma rec|sa |cs atr|catcs ae ccacecea
a |cs art|ca|ares (art|ca|c 22). /aace tamc|ea ae |cs
recarscs aatara|es, taatc reac.ac|es ccmc ac reac.ac|es,
sca atr|mca|c ce |a aac|ca m|eatras se maateaaa ea sa
|aeate, erc |cs |ratcs , rccactcs cctea|ccs cca|crme a
esta |e, sca ce rc|ecac ce |cs t|ta|ares ce |cs cerec|cs
ccacec|ccs sccre e||cs (art|ca|c 4).
2 / | | b 0 > Q U | C 0 | 0 R | C U R > 0 N / ! U R / | 11
|as |crmas ce arc.ec|am|eatc c mcca||caces ae |a |e,
2821 reccacce sca ma|t||es, s|eacc |a mas am||a |a cca-
ces|ca. |cs cerec|cs ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce
|cs recarscs aatara|es se ctcraa a |cs art|ca|ares mec|aate
|as mcca||caces ae estac|ecea |as |e,es esec|a|es ara caca
recarsc aatara| (art|ca|c 19). Nc ccstaate, area ae, ea
caa|a|era ce |cs cascs, e| |stacc ccaser.a e| ccm|a|c sccre
estcs ||cs recarscs aatara|es], as| ccmc sccre |cs |ratcs ,
rccactcs ea taatc e||cs ac |a,aa s|cc ccacec|ccs cr a|aa
t|ta|c a |cs art|ca|ares. 0e esta |crma, ce acaercc cca |a
Ccast|tac|ca , esta |e, craa|ca, ea a|aaa casc |cs cerec|cs
ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs recarscs aatara|es ctcraa
sa rc|ecac a |cs art|ca|ares.
|a |e, 2821 c|scae ae |cs recarscs aatara|es cecea
arc.ec|arse ea |crma scstea|c|e , estac|ece |as ccac|-
c|caes eaera|es ce ese t|c ce arc.ec|am|eatc (art|ca|c
29), s|a ae e||c |m||ae ae |as |e,es esec|a|es ac aecaa
estac|ecer ccac|c|caes ac|c|caa|es. |atre |as ccac|c|caes
eaera|es se eacaeatraa.
a. |a at|||zac|ca ce| recarsc ce acaercc cca e| t|ta|c ce|
cerec|c, ara |cs ||aes cr |cs caa|es |ae ctcracc,
c. cam||r cca |as cc||ac|caes estac|ec|cas cr |a |e|s-
|ac|ca esec|a| ce| casc,
c. cam||r cca |cs rccec|m|eatcs ce e.a|aac|ca ce |mac-
tc amc|eata| , |cs |aaes ce maaec ce |cs recarscs,
estac|ec|ccs ea |a |e|s|ac|ca esec|a|,
c. cam||r cca |a retr|cac|ca eccacm|ca ccrrescac|eate, ,
e. maateaer a| c|a e| cerec|c ce .|eac|a, ce acaercc cca
|as acrmas ccrrescac|eates.
|a |e, 21308, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre, cr |acer s|cc
c|ctaca cca cster|cr|cac a |as acrmas c|tacas, se acecaa
a |cs r|ac||cs estac|ec|ccs ea |a |e, craa|ca ara e|
arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs aatara|es.
2.4 Ia cuestin forestaI en otros pases
|a |a re|ca aac|aa es a|za bc||.|a a|ea |a cr|acacc ma,cr
ateac|ca a| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es,
aaaae |caaccr, cacc sa raa cteac|a|, tamc|ea se |a
reccaacc cr e| tema. |a esta arte ce| |a|crmat|.c
|ea| /rar|c se |ara aaa cre.e cescr|c|ca ce |a c||t|ca
, |a |e|s|ac|ca |cresta| ae r|ea actaa|meate ea amccs
a|ses.
a) fcuador
|| terr|tcr|c ecaatcr|aac se c|.|ce ea tres re|caes
(ccsta, s|erra , cr|eate) ae ccaaa aaa saer||c|e
tcta| ce 283 50 |m
2
. Ua caea crceatae ce esta (43,1)
caeata cca aaa cac|erta |cresta| ae se e\t|eace a |c |arc
ce 124 005 |m
2
, ce |cs ae 99 310 |m
2
se |cca||zaa ea |a
re|ca cr|eata| c /mazca|a ecaatcr|aaa. |stas c||ras resa|-
taa ma, re|at|.as, cacc ae |a ce|crestac|ca se |a .ea|cc
ace|eraacc, sccre tccc cr |a e\|ctac|ca ce ,ac|m|eatcs
etrc|ercs ea |a zcaa. C|acc rc.|ac|as |crmaa arte ce |a
/mazca|a ecaatcr|aaa. >acamc|cs, Nac, |astaza, |crcaa
>aat|ac , /amcra C||ac||e.
/
a
|
e
m
a

b
a
r
a
e
c
12 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

C|as|||cac|ca ce |as t|erras ce at|tac |cresta| ea |caaccr

8
bcsaes , .eetac|ca rctectcres bcsaes ce rccacc|ca ermaaeate
|crmac|caes .eeta|es, aatara|es c ca|t|.acas, arccreas c
|ercaceas, |cca||zacas ea areas ce tccra||a acc|ceataca,
ea caceceras ce caeacas ||crcra||cas c ea zcaas ae cr
sas ccac|c|caes c||mat|cas, eca||cas e ||cr|cas, ac sca atas
ara |a ar|ca|tara c |a aaacer|a.
|crmac|caes aatara|es c ca|t|.acas cest|aacas a|
arc.ec|am|eatc e||c|eate , ccat|aac ce| recarsc
e\|steate.
!|erras ce| atr|mca|c |cresta| ce| |stacc
0e||a|c|ca Catecr|as ara sa acm|a|strac|ca
!|erras |cresta|es ce sa rc|ecac, ccsaes aatara|es ,
ca|t|.accs e\|steates ea e||as, ||cra , |aaaa s||.estres, , |cs
maa|ares aaa |cs e\|steates ea rc|ecac ce art|ca-
|ares (art. 1 ce |a |e, |cresta|). 0eatrc ce estas areas
aecea e\|st|r aseatam|eatcs cc|ac|caa|es, cccerat|.as,
craa|zac|caes ce ar|ca|tcres c|rectcs, ccaaccs aaces-
tra|meate.
|araes aac|caa|es, reser.a ecc|c|ca, re|a|c ce
.|ca s||.estre, reser.as c|c|c|cas, areas aac|caa|es
ce recreac|ca, reser.a ce rccacc|ca ce |aaaa, areas
ce caza , esca.
!|erras ce ccm|a|c r|.acc
!|erras |cresta|es ca,a rc|ecac r|.aca esta araat|zaca cr e| |stacc, cca |as ||m|tac|caes estac|ec|cas ea |a Ccas-
t|tac|ca , |as |e,es.
IegisIacin ecuatoriana
|a case |ea| ce |a act|.|cac |cresta| ea e| a|s ce| acrte
es |a |e, |cresta| , ce ccaser.ac|ca ce areas aatara|es ,
.|ca s||.estre, ce 1981. !amc|ea estaa .|eates e| !e\tc
aa|||cacc ce |a |e|s|ac|ca amc|eata| secaacar|a (!U|/>)
, |a acrmat|.a ara e| maaec |cresta| sasteatac|e ara e|
arc.ec|am|eatc ce |a macera (Ncrma 131). |sta a|t|ma
ccat|eae |a re|ameatac|ca esec|||ca ara e| arc.ec|a-
m|eatc ce areas |cresta|es ce c||ereates ccac|c|caes , e|
ccatrc| |cresta|.
|a acm|a|strac|ca, e| maaec, e| arc.ec|am|eatc, |a
ccaser .ac|ca , |a ccmeteac|a |cresta| recaea ea e|
||a|ster|c ce| /mc|eate. |a r|ac||c, a tra.es ce |a
|e, |cresta| , sccre |a case ce| cccrc ce cerec|cs
(|maestcs), e| 0cc|erac cec|a eacararse ce |a est|ca
|cresta| aac|caa| ,, r|ac|a|meate, ce |a recs|c|ca ce|
recarsc |cresta|. || ||a|ster|c ce| /mc|eate |ae creacc
ea 199, , ea 1999 se |as|cac cca e| |ast|tatc |caa-
tcr|aac |cresta| , ce /reas Natara|es , \|ca >||.estre
(|N||/N), ae era |a |ast|tac|ca ccmeteate ea mater|a
ce ccsaes.
>eaa e| art|ca|c 1 ce| !U|/>, |a act|.|cac |cresta| se cc-
|cca ccmc aa mecaa|smc ara recac|r |a ccreza, mecrar
|as ccac|c|caes amc|eata|es , |cmeatar e| crec|m|eatc, ea
e| ccate\tc ce| cesarrc||c scstea|c|e, cec|cc a |c caa| se
rccara |ma|sar|a ea tccas sas |ases.
|cr sa arte, e| art|ca|c 8 ce |a |e, |cresta| ccat|eae |a
c|as|||cac|ca ce |as t|erras ce at|tac |cresta|.
|as t|erras |cresta|es sca aae||as ae, cr sas ccac|c|c-
aes aatara|es, cr sa ac|cac|ca c cr ac ser atas ara |a
e\|ctac|ca arcecaar|a, cecea ser cest|aacas a| ca|t|.c
ce esec|es macerac|es , arcast|.as, a |a ccaser.ac|ca
ce |a .eetac|ca rctectcra, |ac|as|.e |a |ercacea, , |a
ae as| se ccas|cere mec|aate estac|cs ce c|as|||cac|ca
ce sae|cs, ce cca|crm|cac cca |cs reaer|m|eatcs e
|ateres ac||cc , ce ccaser.ac|ca ce| mec|c amc|eate.
|| atr|mca|c |cresta| ce| |stacc esta ccast|ta|cc cr |as
t|erras ae, cr caa|a|er t|ta|c, |aa |aresacc a| ccm|a|c
ac||cc, |ac|asc |as ca|c|as, s|emre ae reaaaa |cs rea|-
s|tcs seaa|accs ea e| art|ca|c 9 ce| !U|/> (teaer at|tac
|cresta|, estar cac|er tas ce ccsaes rctectcres , ce
.eetac|ca rc|a).
8 b/RR/N!|>, Rc\aaa (ec|tcra), |a c||t|ca |cresta| ea |a /mazca|a aac|aa,
||ma, C||>, 2005, . 25.
2 / | | b 0 > Q U | C 0 | 0 R | C U R > 0 N / ! U R / | 13
b) oIivia
|ste a|s t|eae aaa saer||c|e ce 1 098 581 |m
2
. || area
tcta| ce ccsaes es ce 534 000 |m
2
(48, ce| terr|tcr|c
aac|caa|), 80 ce |cs caa|es estaa ea |as t|erras caas. |as
act|.|caces eccacm|cas ce |a zcaa sca |a ar|ca|tara , |a
aaacer|a, ae se ccmerc|aa a mec|aaa , raa esca|a. |s
ea |a arte caa (a 500 m ce a|t|tac) ccace se cesarrc||a
|a act|.|cac |cresta|.
|| |aa ce !|erras ce |rccacc|ca |cresta| |ermaaeate
ce||ae 41 235 481 |a ccmc esac|cs atcs ara asc |cresta|
rccact|.c, cr sa caac|cac ce asc ma,cr, esac|c ae
rereseata cas| e| 48 ce| tcta| ce| terr|tcr|c aac|caa|
9
.
.GIKUNCEKPDQNKXKCPC
|a case ce |a |e|s|ac|ca |cresta| ce bc||.|a es |a |e, 1100,
|e, |cresta|, ce 199, ae ce||a|c e| re|mea |cresta| ce |a
aac|ca ccmc aa ccaaatc ce acrmas ae rea|aa e| asc scs-
tea|c|e , |a rctecc|ca ce |cs ccsaes , |as t|erras |cresta|es,
, e| re|mea |ea| ae ce||ae |cs cerec|cs ara erscaas
r|.acas, est|a|aacc c|arameate cerec|cs , cc||ac|caes
ce||a|ccs (|ac|sc e) ce| art|ca|c 3 ce |a |e, 1100).
|| marcc |ast|tac|caa| ce| re|mea |cresta| |c cca|crmaa
e| ||a|ster|c ce 0esarrc||c >cstea|c|e , ||aa|||cac|ca
(|0>|) |ast|tac|ca acrmat|.a, |a >aer|ateaceac|a
|cresta| (>|) craac rea|accr , e| |cacc ara
e| 0esar rc||c |cresta| (|caaccsae) craa|smc
||aaac|erc. |a |e, 1100 crec tamc|ea e| >|stema ce
Rea|ac|ca ce |cs Recarscs Natara|es (>|reaare), cca e|
ccet|.c ce rea|ar , ccatrc|ar e| asc ce |cs recarscs aa-
tara|es. |a >| es e| craa|smc eacaracc ce as|aar |as
ccaces|caes |cresta|es, aatcr|zar |cs erm|scs |cresta|es,
arccar |cs |aaes ce maaec , ce arc.|s|caam|eatc ce
mater|a r|ma, mca|tcrear e| traascr te ce rccactcs
|cresta|es , cca||scar macera ||ea|, , saer .|sar e|
maaec |cresta|.
|a m|sma |e, seaa|a ae |cs ccsaes sca ce ccm|a|c cr|-
|aar|c ce| |stacc , ae |cs asaar|cs ce| ccsae accecea
a aaa ccaces|ca |cresta| a tra.es ce aa |aa ce maaec
cr caareata aacs, rcrrcac|es cr ctrc er|ccc. |sta
acrma ccatem|a e| maaec ce mec|cas re.eat|.as a ||a
ce m|t|ar e| |mactc amc|eata| sccre e| sae|c , e| aaa.
|cs ccsaes se c|as|||caa ea ermaaeates ce rccacc|ca,
ermaaeates ce rctecc|ca, reser.as |cresta|es ce |amc-
.|||zac|ca , ccsaes esec|a|es. 9 0atcs recc|ccs ce Rc\aaa barraates, c. c|t., . 3.
14 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

0erec|cs, maaec e |maestcs ea mater|a |cresta| ea bc||.|a

10
!|c ce cerec|cs |cresta|es
Ccaces|caes |cresta|es |cs ccsaes ac||ccs sca as|aaccs ccmc ccaces|caes |cresta|es cr aa er|ccc
ce caareata aacs, reac.ac|es caca c|acc aacs.
|as ccaces|caes |cresta|es sca reac.acas aaa .ez ccacc|ccs |cs resa|taccs ce
aac|tcr|as |cresta|es rea||zacas ara ta| e|ectc.
|rc|etar|cs r|.accs || arc.ec|am|eatc |cresta| esta erm|t|cc ea rc|ecaces r|.acas.
!err|tcr|cs |ac|eaas |as ccmaa|caces |ac|eaas t|eaea cerec|c e\c|as|.c ara e| asc ce recarscs
|cresta|es ceatrc ce areas reccacc|cas ccmc t|erras ccmaa|tar|as ce cr|ea.
|cs |ac|eaas ae res|cea ceatrc ce sa terr|tcr|c t|eaea cerec|c a ccatraer
ccmrcm|scs cca ctrcs aeates eccacm|ccs ara e\|ctar ccmerc|a|meate sas
recarscs.
Reser.as |cresta|es maa|c|a|es |as maa|c|a||caces c|scaea ce |asta aa 20 ce |cs ccsaes ac||ccs ceatrc
ce sas ar|sc|cc|caes ara ser eatreaccs ea ccaces|caes a asaar|cs |cca|es ce|
ccsae.
Rea|ac|caes ce maaec
|aaec |cresta| |s cc||atcr|c aa |aa ce maaec |cresta|.
|cs ccaces|caar|cs cecea recrtar aaaa|meate |a |m|emeatac|ca ce sas |aaes ,
cecea actaa||zar|cs caca c|acc aacs. Nc esta erm|t|cc e| asc ce mctcs|erras.
Ccatrc| , ||sca||zac|ca |as |asecc|caes |cresta|es estaa a carc ce |aac|caar|cs ce |a >aer|ateaceac|a
|cresta|.
|c||t|cas |mcs|t|.as
|ateates |cresta|es >ca |maestcs |cresta|es est|maccs cca case ea |a saer||c|e ce |a ccaces|ca
(U>$1/|a cr aac) , cca case ea areas |ater.ea|cas ara rc|etar|cs r|.a-
ccs.
|as ateates cr cesmcate sca ea|.a|eates a| 15 ce| .a|cr ce |as ateates
|cresta|es.
||aa||zacc este cre.e reasc, aece a||rmarse ae
taatc bc||.|a, |caaccr , |era ccmar tea |a m|sma re-
ccaac|ca cr e| maaec, ccaser.ac|ca , e\|ctac|ca
ce| recarsc |cresta|. 0aca |a raa caac|cac ce |cs tres
a|ses ea caaatc a ccsaes se re||ere, aaa ser|e ce
c||emas , rcc|emas se reseataa. Nc ccstaate, s| c|ea
aaa |a, mac|a te|a cr ccr tar, tamc|ea e\|ste cca.ea-
c|m|eatc acerca ce| raa cteac|a| |cresta| e\|steate ea
e||cs , ce |c ae s|a|||car|a eccacm|cameate sa |eac
arc.ec|am|eatc.
10
|ste caacrc es arte ce aac ma,cr cctea|cc ce |/C||C0, |ac|c, |aa|c|a||caces , art|c|ac|ca |cca| ea |a est|ca |cresta| ea bc||.|a, ea |a est|ca |cresta|
maa|c|a| ea /mer|ca |at|aa, |accaes|a, C||0R , C||0, 2003, . 28.
3 / | | ! R / ! / | | | N ! 0 | | 0 | > | / ! | \ 0 15
L trutumonto
ogsutvo
|a esta secc|ca e\am|aaremcs |cs aatececeates ce |a
|e|s|ac|ca sccre recarscs |cresta|es, e| ccatea|cc ce |as
acrmas ce |a |e|s|ac|ca actaa|, , |as acrmas sccre |as areas
aatara|es rcte|cas , |as zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca
ea |a se|.a.
3.1 Ia IegisIacin anterior
Ccmc e\res|ca ce |a raa |a||aeac|a ae |as |ceas ||cera|es
ta.|erca ea e| a|s a ||aa|es ce| s||c /|/ e |a|c|cs ce| //, ea
1908 se arccc |a |e, 1220, eaera| ce t|erras ce mcata-
aa. |sta acrma erm|t|c acac|car ea rc|ecac t|erras ce
ccsaes a |cs art|ca|ares. |raac|scc ba||ca
11
ca caeata ce
sas |aateam|eatcs.
|| rcc|ema ce |a e\teas|ca terr|tcr|a| acac|cac|e cac ta|
c caa| mcca||cac se resc|.|c, ea |a |e, 1220, erm|t|eacc
aca|r|r, cr .eata, |asta m|| |ectareas ce terreacs ce
ca|t|.c , tre|ata m|| ce cma|es, mec|aate ceaaac|a,
|asta c|acaeata m|| |ectareas crc|ca ma,cr reae-
r|a ccaces|ca ce| Ccaresc, , cac |a mcca||cac ce
acac|cac|ca rata|ta, |asta c|acc |ectareas. |a cc|ca|-
zac|ca cesaarece ccmc |crma ce aca|r|r |a rc|ecac,
|aresaacc ceatrc ce |a catecr|a ce ccaces|ca (|a ae
acemas era cs|c|e e|ectaar|a ara ccras ac||cas).
Cca |a |e, 1220 ermaaece |a ces|ca ce .|as |erreas ,
cam|acs carretercs c ce |erracara.
N| |a |e, ce re|crma arar|a ce be|aaace |e, 15031, ce
194 a| |a ce| 0cc|erac m|||tar cecretc |e, 1111, ce
198 cercarca esa |e|s|ac|ca. |a e|ectc, e| cecretc
|e, 1111 aaaac|c |a cac|ca ce aaa acrma esec|a| ara |a
se|.a, ea sa art|ca|c 43 cec|a. |ara |cs rec|cs ac|caccs
ea |a re|ca ce |a se|.a se a||cara |a |e|s|ac|ca esec|a|
sccre |a mater|a.
|s cr e||c ae |aec ce e\ec|ca |a |e, 1220, |a s|a|eate
acrma ea |mcrtaac|a, re|ac|caaca cca aaestrcs ccsaes
amazca|ccs, |ae e| cecretc |e, 2053, |e, ce ccmaa|caces
aat|.as , ce rcmcc|ca arcecaar|a ce |as re|caes ce
se|.a , cea ce se|.a, rcma|acc ea 1914.
3
>as r|mercs art|ca|cs ( a| 24) |aerca cec|caccs, e|ect|.a-
meate, a |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as (ccacc|cas |asta 199
ccmc ccmaa|caces |ac|eaas), a |as ae se |es reccacc|c
|a rc|ecac terr|tcr|a| sccre |as t|erras ae ccaacaa
12
,
sccre |as caa|es rea||zacaa act|.|caces ce esca, caza ,
recc|ecc|ca, aecaacc atas ara ae se |es ctcraraa |cs
ccrrescac|eates t|ta|cs ce rc|ecac. |a |c ae resecta
a |as ctras t|erras, e| cecretc |e, 2053 c|st|aa|c eatre
t|erras cca at|tac ara e| ca|t|.c, t|erras cca at|tac ara
|a aaacer|a , t|erras cca at|tac |cresta|, , c|sasc ae
e| asc ce estas a|t|mas se re|ra cr |a |e|s|ac|ca sccre
|a mater|a (art|ca|c 21) , ae e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs
recarscs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa s||.estre |aa|meate se re|ra
cr |a |e|s|ac|ca sccre |a mater|a (art|ca|c 28). |a caaatc
a |a acac|cac|ca ce t|erras ce se|.a cca ||aes arcecaar|cs,
c||ereac|c eatre rc,ectcs ce aseatam|eatc rara| , zcaas ce
||cre c|sca|c|||cac, estac|ec|eacc ea caca casc |as e\tea-
s|caes ma\|mas ce t|erras ae cc|aa rec|c|r |as erscaas
aatara|es , |as erscaas ar|c|cas. /cemas, ce cca|crm|cac
cca |as acrmas eatcaces .|eates ce re|crma arar|a, c|sasc
ae |as scc|ecaces mercaat||es ac ccr|aa ser rc|etar|as ce
t|erras ea |as re|caes ce se|.a , cea ce se|.a.
|a ma,c ce 1915, |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre,
cecretc |e, 21141, aarcaacc armca|a cca |c c|saestc
ea |a Ccast|tac|ca ce 1933, cec|arc ea sa art|ca|c 1 ae
|cs recarscs |cresta|es , |a |aaaa s||.estre sca ce| ccm|a|c
ac||cc , ac |a, cerec|cs aca|r|ccs sccre e||cs. /rec a
|c aater|cr |a rc||c|c|ca ce at|||zar cca ||aes arcecaar|cs
|as t|erras ca,a caac|cac ce asc ma,cr |aera |cresta|.
|ste cecretc |e, rea||zc aaa r|mera c|st|ac|ca, c||ereac|aacc
|a|c|a|meate eatre ccsaes aatara|es , ccsaes ca|t|.accs.
C|as|||cc caatrc t|cs ce ccsaes aatara|es.
1) ccsaes aac|caa|es,
2) ccsaes ce ||cre c|sca|c|||cac,
3) ccsaes ce rctecc|ca, ,
4) aa|caces ce ccaser.ac|ca.
11 b/||0N, |raac|scc, |a aae.a ccaa|sta ce |a /mazca|a, ea |rcmcc|ca
arar|a ara a|ea` /aa||s|s ce |a |e, ce rcmcc|ca , cesarrc||c arar|c,
||ma, !|emc |reseate, 1981, . 5.
12 |as ceta||es sccre este tema aecea .erse ea e| aamerc 21 ce| |a|crmat|.c
|ea| /rar|c, cec|cacc a |a |e|s|ac|ca sccre ccmaa|caces cames|aas ,
aat|.as, ea esec|a|, . 29-32.
1 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

Cca|crme a |a |e, |cresta|, |cs ccsaes aac|caa|es estacaa

reser.accs ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc c|rectc , e\c|as|.c
ce| |stacc, a|ea cc|a |acer|c a tra.es ce |as emresas
estata|es (|c ae, ce |ec|c, ac ccarr|c). / |as r|.acas sc|c
se |es erm|t|a e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |a macera ea |cs ccs-
aes ce ||cre c|sca|c|||cac, aes, ce acaercc cca e| art|ca|c
11 |a |e, |cresta|, estcs ccsaes cc|aa ser at|||zaccs cr
caa|a|er erscaa cec|cameate aatcr|zaca.
|cs ccatratcs ce e\tracc|ca |cresta| ea este t|c ce ccsaes
eraa |atraas|er|c|es, se eecatacaa sccre saer||c|es ce
|asta 100 000 |a , cc|aa reac.arse |asta cr er|cccs
ce c|ez aacs. !amc|ea se erm|t|aa ccatratcs ce e\tracc|ca
|cresta| sccre e\teas|caes meacres ce m|| |ectareas, |c ae
|ae easacc ccmc resaesta scc|a| a |a rcc|emat|ca ce
|cs eaeacs e\tractcres, a|eaes aecacaa e\caeraccs
ce |cs estac|cs ce |act|c|||cac teca|cc-eccacm|ca, ae s|
cec|aa reseatar |as emresas. |as, ccmc .eremcs, |cs
ccatratcs ara eaeacs e\tractcres ser|aa |cs ae ma,cres
c|||ca|taces eaerar|aa.
Resectc ce |as aa|caces ce ccaser.ac|ca ccmc se .era
cca mas ceta||e ea e| aartacc 3.3 ce este |a|crmat|.c |ea|
/rar|c, |a |e, c|st|aa|c caatrc catecr|as.
a) araes aac|caa|es,
c) reser.as aac|caa|es,
c) saataar|cs aac|caa|es, ,
c) saataar|cs ||stcr|ccs.
Uaa ce |as ccasecaeac|as ce |a arccac|ca ce |a r|mera
|e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre |ae |a sast|tac|ca ce| cecretc
|e, 2053 cr aaa aae.a |e, ce ccmaa|caces aat|.as , ce
cesarrc||c arar|c ce |as re|caes ce se|.a , cea ce se|.a,
cecretc |e, 22115, ce| aac 1918. \|eate ea |a actaa||cac,
esta acrma maat|eae e| tratam|eatc ce |as ccmaa|caces
aat|.as ea sas r|mercs art|ca|cs (1 a 21) aaaae, ccmc
.eremcs, mcc|||ca crast|cameate e| tratam|eatc ce |as t|erras
ce rc|ecac ccmaaa| , se ccaa ce |as t|erras ce se|.a,
ccace c|st|aae, ea |aac|ca ce |a caac|cac ce asc ma,cr,
eatre t|erras cca at|tac ara e| ca|t|.c, t|erras cca at|tac
ara |a aaacer|a , t|erras cca at|tac |cresta|.
0eatrc ce |cs |aateam|eatcs ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce
|as t|erras cca at|tac ara e| ca|t|.c , |as atas ara |a
aaacer|a, e| cecretc |e, 22115 cec|cc esec|a| ateac|ca
a |as acac|cac|caes ea rc,ectcs ce aseatam|eatc rara|,
cr|eataccs a| estac|ec|m|eatc c ccasc||cac|ca ce aac|ecs
cc|ac|caa|es, c|sca|eacc ea e| art|ca|c 5. |a acac|-
cac|ca ce t|erras cca ||aes arcecaar|cs ea |cs rc,ectcs
ce aseatam|eatc rara| se e|ectaara aa|cameate a |a.cr ce
ccmaa|caces aat|.as, ccmaa|caces cames|aas, ccce-
rat|.as arar|as, scc|ecaces ar|cc|as ce |ateres scc|a| ,
emresas ce rc|ecac scc|a|, as| ccmc a erscaas aata-
ra|es cec|cameate ca||||cacas. /s|m|smc, c|sasc ae |a
acac|cac|ca ce t|erras cca ||aes arcecaar|cs ea |as areas
ac r|cr|zacas ara rc,ectcs ce aseatam|eatc rara| ccr|a
e|ectaarse a |a.cr ce |as m|smas erscaas meac|caacas ea
e| art|ca|c 5, samaacc|as a |as scc|ecaces ce erscaas ,
|as emresas ce| |stacc c cca art|c|ac|ca ce art|ca|ares.
/c|c|caa|meate, ccatem|c |a cs|c|||cac ce ctcrar ea
rc|ecac t|erras cca at|tac ara e| ca|t|.c c |a aaacer|a
a |a.cr ce emresas ce| |stacc c emresas r|.acas cca
art|c|ac|ca ce| |stacc, ara rc,ectcs arcecaar|cs c
arc|acastr|a|es ce r|cr|cac aac|caa|.
|erc este cecretc |e, tamc|ea se ccac ce |as t|erras |c-
resta|es (art|ca|c 85), mcc|||caacc e| tratam|eatc ae |a |e,
|cresta| |ac|a cacc a |cs ccsaes aac|caa|es, ara erm|t|r
a|cra |a reseac|a ea e||cs ce erscaas aatara|es c ar|c|cas,
aac|caa|es c e\traaeras, a|eaes e\cec|caa|meate, cr
ccas|cerac|caes ce r|cr|cac aac|caa|, ccr|aa e\|ctar cca
||aes |acastr|a|es , ccmerc|a|es c|c|cs ccsaes mec|aate
ccatratcs ce e\tracc|ca |cresta|.
|a Ccast|tac|ca ce 1919, retcmaacc e| r|ac||c ccatea|cc
ea |a carta ce 1933, c|sasc ae |cs recarscs aatara|es,
3 / | | ! R / ! / | | | N ! 0 | | 0 | > | / ! | \ 0 11
reac.ac|es , ac reac.ac|es, sca atr|mca|c ce |a Nac|ca, a
|c ae arec. |cs m|aera|es, t|erras, ccsaes, aaas ,, ea
eaera|, tcccs |cs recarscs aatara|es , |aeates ce eaer|a
erteaecea a| |stacc. |a |e, ||a |as ccac|c|caes ce sa at|||-
zac|ca cr este , ce sa ctcram|eatc a |cs art|ca|ares.
!|emc cesaes (1980) se rcma|c e| cecretc |e|s|at|.c
2, ae mcc|||cc |mcrtaates acrmas arar|as, eatre e||as
|a eatcaces .|eate |e, |cresta| , |aaaa s||.estre , ccce
art|ca|cs ce |a |e, ce ccmaa|caces aat|.as. /s|, este cecretc
|e|s|at|.c mcc|||cc e| te\tc ce| art|ca|c 85 ce| cecretc |e,
22115, cca.|rt|eacc ea cc||atcr|a |a art|c|ac|ca ce| |s-
tacc ea |cs rc,ectcs ae sc||c|taraa e\teas|caes saer|cres
a |as 50 m|| |a. 0e| m|smc mccc, sast|ta,c |a cc||ac|ca
ce re|crestar, a carc ce |cs emresar|cs |cresta|es, cr
e| ac ce aa caaca ce re|crestac|ca. !amc|ea e||m|ac
e| caracter e\cec|caa| ce |as acac|cac|caes esec|a|es
creacas cr e| cecretc |e, 22115, sar|m|eacc e| rea|s|tc
ce |a cec|arac|ca ce r|cr|cac aac|caa| ara |as m|smas. |cr
a|t|mc, |acremeatc |as e\teas|caes acac|cac|es ce |as areas
ac r|cr|zacas ara rc,ectcs ce aseatam|eatc rara|.
||aa|meate, e| cecretc |e|s|at|.c 53, ce 1991, ea aa t|ta|c
esec|a| cec|cacc a |as t|erras ce se|.a , cea ce se|.a (art|-
ca|cs 40 a 50), mcc|||cc crast|cameate e| tratam|eatc aater|cr,
|aacameata|meate ea |c re|ac|caacc cca |as e\teas|caes ae
ccr|aa rec|c|r |cs art|ca|ares ea esas re|caes.
!ras .e|at|c|acc aacs ce .|eac|a (cca |as mcc|||cac|caes
meac|caacas), e| cecretc |e, 21141 |ae reem|azacc cr
aaa aae.a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre, |e, 21308,
arccaca ea a||c ce| aac 2000, ae, ccmc se |a meac|c-
aacc, |atrccac mcc|||cac|caes s|a|||cat|.as a| crceaam|eatc
|cresta|. |a e| c|ctamea ccaaatc reseatacc cr |a Ccm|s|ca
/rar|a , |a Ccm|s|ca ce /mc|eate, |cc|c|a , /mazca|a, ea
aa|c ce 2000, se reccacc|a ae |cs ccet|.cs ce| cecretc
|e, 21141 ac |ac|aa s|cc a|caazaccs. |cr e| ccatrar|c, e|
c|ctamea seaa|aca.
|a a||cac|ca ce |a |e, ea |cs 25 aacs ce .|eac|a , ce
sas acrmas re|ameatar|as |a cacc |aar.
a) / aaa e\|ctac|ca em|aeatemeate e\tract|.a , cere-
caccra, ac |ac|eacc rcmc.|cc e| arc.ec|am|eatc
scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa s||-
.estre, a| |a e|ect|.a ccaser.ac|ca ce |as esec|es.
c) Nc |a est|ma|acc |a |a.ers|ca r|.aca, ,a ae r|cr|za
|a act|.|cac emresar|a| estat|sta , cc|ect|.|sta, , ac
|a erm|t|cc a| erm|te aaa e|ect|.a catac|ca ce
c|.|sas.
c) Nc |a ccatr|ca|cc ea |a eaerac|ca ce em|ec. || mcce|c
emresar|a| ae recca|za |a s|cc cas| aa|c, |cs cccs
aestcs ce tracac e\|steates ea e| sectcr |cresta| sca
eaeraccs cr e| sectcr r|.acc, a| |a est|ma|acc |a
art|c|ac|ca craa|zaca ce |as ccmaa|caces cam-
es|aas , aat|.as, cc|eracs |cca|es e |ast|tac|caes
c|.||es , acacem|cas, ea |accres ce reser.ac|ca ,
arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs recarscs ce ||cra , |aaaa.
\eamcs a ccat|aaac|ca |cs r|ac|a|es asectcs ccatea|ccs
ea |a actaa| |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre, |e, 21308.
3.2 Ia Iey forestaI y de fauna siIvestre
|sta |e, se cr|eata a acrmar, rea|ar , saer.|sar e| asc
scstea|c|e , |a ccaser.ac|ca ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es ,
ce |aaaa s||.estre ce| a|s, ccmat|c|||zaacc sa arc.e-
c|am|eatc cca |a .a|cr|zac|ca rcres|.a ce |cs ser.|c|cs
amc|eata|es ce| ccsae.
|a |e, 21308 |atrccac aae.as catecr|as ar|c|cas ccmc
|as ce atr|mca|c |cresta| aac|caa| , maaec |cresta| scste-
a|c|e , estac|ec|c mecaa|smcs |ea|es c|st|atcs ara e|
accesc a| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs ccsaes.
a) fI patrimonio forestaI nacionaI
|a .|eate |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre cec|ara ea sa
art|ca|c 1 ae ccast|ta,ea e| atr|mca|c |cresta| aac|caa|
aaa ser|e ce recarscs aatara|es. |cs recarscs |cresta|es
, ce |aaaa s||.estre maatea|ccs ea sa |aeate , |as t|erras
ce| |stacc ca,a caac|cac ce asc ma,cr es |cresta|, cca
ccsaes c s|a e||cs. || atr|mca|c ccast|ta,e |a rc|ecac ce
aaa erscaa c eat|cac. || 0|cc|caar|c ce |a |eaaa esaac|a
ce |a Rea| /cacem|a |saac|a ce||ae a| atr|mca|c ccmc e|
ccaaatc ce c|eaes erteaec|eates a aaa erscaa aatara|
c ar|c|ca, c a|ectcs a aa ||a, sascet|c|es ce est|mac|ca
eccacm|ca, m|eatras ae e| atr|mca|c aac|caa| es ce||a|cc
ccmc |a sama ce |cs .a|cres as|aaccs, ara aa mcmeatc
ce t|emc, a |cs recarscs c|sca|c|es ce aa a|s, ae se
at|||zaa ara |a .|ca eccacm|ca.
|a ccasecaeac|a, seaa e| art|ca|c 1 c|tacc, es ae |cs re-
carscs a||| meac|caaccs ac aecea ser at|||zaccs cca ||aes
arcecaar|cs c mec|aate ctras act|.|caces ae a|ectea
|a cccertara .eeta|, e| asc scstea|c|e , |a ccaser.ac|ca
ce| recarsc |cresta|, caa|a|era sea sa ac|cac|ca ea e|
terr|tcr|c aac|caa|, sa|.c ea |cs cascs ae seaa|ea |a |e, ,
sa re|ameatc. |a razca es ae escs recarscs ccast|ta,ea
atr|mca|c ce |a aac|ca.
b) fI ordenamiento forestaI
Cca |a |ateac|ca ce a.aazar ea e| crceaam|eatc |cresta|, |a
|e, 21308 c|st|aae se|s catecr|as. ccsaes ce rccac-
c|ca, ccsaes ara arc.ec|am|eatc |atarc, ccsaes ea
t|erras ce rctecc|ca, areas aatara|es rcte|cas, ccsaes
ea ccmaa|caces aat|.as , cames|aas, , ccsaes |cca|es.
18 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

|as ce||a|c|caes ce caca aaa ce e||as ,a |aerca reseatacas

ea |a secc|ca 2 ce este |a|crmat|.c |ea| /rar|c.
0e acaercc cca ess|ca ||ca|c, e| crceaam|eatc |cresta|
cece eateacerse ccmc aa rccesc ccace se cecea teaer
ea caeata ac sc|c |as caracter|st|cas aatara|es ce| area, s|ac
tamc|ea sa ccaac|ca , asc actaa|
13
. |c ae se cascar|a cca
estc, area |a e\erta, es ccer arc.ec|ar |cs ccsaes
ce maaera scstea|c|e , ermaaeate, rcm|eacc cca |as
ract|cas aater|cres.
|a ccstamcre era cescremar e| ccsae |cte cr |cte,
e\tra,eacc sc|ameate |as esec|es .a||csas, ara |aec
ec|r a |a aatcr|cac aae.as areas , ccat|aaar e| m|smc
rccesc. |a resaesta ccatea|ca ea |a |e, cc||a a ae
|cs t|ta|ares ce |a act|.|cac |cresta| se ccaceatrea ea
aaa saer||c|e, em|eaacc ract|cas ce maaec ae |es
erm|ta |aec ce |cs aacs reresar a e||a , .c|.er a
arc.ec|ar|a, esta .ez cca ma,cr reac|m|eatc.
|| art|ca|c 9 ce |a |e, |cresta| eacara a| |areaa rccaer
|a zca|||cac|ca terr|tcr|a| ce |as areas |cresta|es ce| a|s, tc-
maacc ccmc case |a zca|||cac|ca ecc|c|ca-eccacm|ca. Cace
cestacar ae, |asta |a |ec|a, a|aaaa ce estas |erram|eatas
se |a ccm|etacc. 0ece reccrcarse, cc|ac|ceatemeate, ae
|a |e, craa|ca ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs
recarscs aatara|es |ac|a c|saestc |a arccac|ca ce |a
zca|||cac|ca ecc|c|ca , eccacm|ca ce| a|s, cca |a ||aa||cac
ce e.|tar cca|||ctcs cr saercs|c|ca ce t|ta|cs , ascs
|aarc|accs. Ccmc .eremcs mas ace|aate, |a aaseac|a ce
estcs |astrameatcs ||e.a, e|ect|.ameate, a ae se reseatea
cca|||ctcs, |cs ae a|ectaa esec|a|meate a |as ccmaa|caces
aat|.as ac|cacas ea |a re|ca amazca|ca.
/| ccaarse ce estcs temas, e| Re|ameatc ce |a |e, |cresta|,
arccacc mec|aate cecretc saremc 014-2001-/0, rat|||ca
e| eacarc a| |areaa ce e|accrar e| |aa ce| |atr|mca|c |c-
resta| Nac|caa|, a a|.e| aac|caa| , ceartameata|, cec|eacc
|accrcrarse aatcmat|cameate |as t|erras ce rctecc|ca a|
meac|caacc atr|mca|c (art|ca|c 31).
|asta e| aac 2003 se |ac|aa creacc ccsaes ce rccacc|ca
ermaaeate ea |acre ce 0|cs, Uca,a||, |cretc, |aaaacc,
>aa |art|a, |ascc, Cascc, /,acac|c, aa|a , |aac, cca|crme
a| caacrc s|a|eate. 0ece tcmarse ea ccas|cerac|ca, s|a
emcarc, ae ac tccas |as e\teas|caes cec|aracas ccmc
ccsaes ce rccacc|ca ermaaeate |aa s|cc ccetc ce
ccacarscs ara e| ctcram|eatc ce ccaces|caes.
13 ||0/|00, ess|ca, |stacc ce |a s|taac|ca |cresta| ea e| |era, ||ma, >em|aar|c
|ermaaeate ce |a.est|ac|ca /rar|a (>|||/), 2003, . 20.
bcsaes ce rccacc|ca ermaaeate
0eartameatc >aer||c|e (|a)
|cretc 14 182 302
Uca,a|| 4 089 92
|acre ce 0|cs 2 522 141
>aa |art|a 1 501 291
|aaaacc 880 84
aa|a 250 555
|ascc 119 959
Cascc 111 44
/,acac|c 14 298
|aac 8 381
!cta| 24 593 349
|oooto: lotoooooc|a oo |ocosos |oosta|os y oo |aooa S||vosto, l||||/,
2OO3.
c) Ias concesiones maderabIes y Ias otras
|a |c ae resecta a |as |crmas ce arc.ec|am|eatc, |a |e,
21308 c|st|aae ccs mcca||caces ce arc.ec|am|eatc ,
maaec ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es ea ccsaes r|mar|cs.
ccaces|caes |cresta|es cca ||aes macerac|es , ccaces|caes
|cresta|es cca ||aes ac macerac|es. Reccacce acemas |a
e\|steac|a ce erm|scs , aatcr|zac|caes.
|ara |as ccaces|caes |cresta|es cca ||aes macerac|es,
|a |e, estac|ece e| re|mea ce ccaces|ca cr sacasta
ac||ca ce aa|caces ac meacres ce 10 000 |a a| ma,c-
res ce 40 000 |a, a ser e\|ctacas cr |a raa |a.ers|ca.
!amc|ea rea|a |a ccaces|ca cr ccacarsc ac||cc ce
aa|caces ce 5 000 |a |asta 10 000 |a, a |a.cr ce mec|aacs
, eaeacs emresar|cs, |ac|.|caa|meate a craa|zaccs ea
3 / | | ! R / ! / | | | N ! 0 | | 0 | > | / ! | \ 0 19
scc|ecaces. |a c||ereac|a eatre amcas |crmas ce accecer a
|a ccaces|ca esta ea |a ma,cr ccm|e|cac , |as |crma||caces
ae reseataa |as sacastas ac||cas. |a amccs cascs, |a
carac|ca ce |a ccaces|ca se |a estac|ec|cc ea caareata
aacs, reac.ac|es.
|atre |as cc||ac|caes ce a|eaes accecea a aaa ccace-
s|ca |cresta| cca ||aes macerac|es ccemcs meac|caar.
reseatac|ca , arccac|ca cr e| |areaa ce aa |aa ce
maaec |cresta|, e|accracc cr aa rc|es|caa|, reseata-
c|ca ce aaa carta ||aaza caacar|a |asta |a ||aa||zac|ca ce|
ccatratc, ccmc araat|a ce| cam||m|eatc ce| m|smc (ara
e| casc ce ccaces|caes ce 10 000 |a |asta 40 000 |a),
e\tracc|ca ce esec|meaes ca,cs c|ametrcs m|a|mcs ce
ccrte , ce trczas reaaaa |as caracter|st|cas ae estac|ezca
e| |areaa, cca|crme a| re|ameatc, , ac ce| cerec|c ce
arc.ec|am|eatc.
|a ac||cac|ca ce |a aae.a |e, |cresta| |ae sea|ca cas|
ce |amec|atc cr |as rctestas ce |cs macerercs, a|eaes
cesce e| |a|c|c ce |a c|scas|ca ce| rc,ectc ce |e, |ac|aa
|aateacc ccac|c|caes mac|c mas ||cres ara cerar,
eatre e||as, e| ctcram|eatc ce |cs ccsaes ea rc|ecac.
|| aatc ceatra| ce |a ccs|c|ca ce |cs macerercs rac|caca
ea |cs ||m|tes estac|ec|ccs ara |as ccaces|caes |cresta|es
cca ||aes macerac|es. ara |as raaces emresas mace-
reras, e| tamaac ce |as ccaces|caes a ctcrar cr sacasta
ac||ca era ma, recac|cc. >|a emcarc, |a ma,cr rctesta ,
.|c|eac|a rc.|ac ce |cs eaeacs e\tractcres, ara a|eaes
|a e\|eac|a |ea| ce ccteaer ccaces|caes ca,a m|a|ma e\-
teas|ca era ce 5 000 |a ateataca ccatra sas cs|c|||caces
ce accecer a| recarsc. Ra|cameate, |as aatcr|caces ce|
sectcr cescacr|erca ae |cs rec|amcs ce |cs eaeacs
e\tractcres estacaa |aertemeate |a||a|ccs cr |cs |atereses
ce |cs raaces macerercs.
|a razca ce estac|ecer ||m|tes m|a|mcs a |as ccaces|caes
|acr|a s|cc e.|tar mecaa|smcs ce e|as|ca cr |cs caa|es
|cs eaeacs emresar|cs , eaeacs e\tractcres ac
cc|aa ser acecaacameate ||sca||zaccs, rec|sameate cr
sa e|e.acc aamerc , sa c|sers|ca ecra||ca. |as raa-
ces emresas macereras se arc.ec|acaa ce| s|stema,
rc.e,eaccse ce macera ce |cs eaeacs e\tractcres,
ea aaa acc|ca cerecaccra, ea |a mec|ca ea ae estcs
ac eraa ccetc ce ma,cr ccatrc| , acemas cc|aa ccteaer
ccatratcs cam||eacc meacres e\|eac|as. ess|ca ||ca|c
e\resa a| resectc.
|a 1915, caaacc se c|seac este t|c ce ccatratc, se
easc |a.crecer a |cs eaeacs e\tractcres. >|a em-
carc, ea |a ract|ca, esta mcca||cac |ae at|||zaca cr
mac|cs |acastr|a|es , acc|accres ce macera, a|eaes
rccrc|caarca a |cs eaeacs e\tractcres ca|ta|es
ce tracac c ract|cameate |cs ccatratarca ccmc maac
ce ccra cca |a ||aa||cac ce car|ar |a e\|eac|a ce |cs
|aaes ce maaec , ctras cc||ac|caes |maestas ara
|cs ccatratcs sccre saer||c|es ma,cres a 1 000 |a. |as
teca|cas , |erram|eatas at|||zacas cr estcs eaeacs
20 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

e\tractcres |aa ccas|caacc aa e\ces|.c ceserc|c|c ce

macera , aa |rrea|ar acastec|m|eatc a |a |acastr|a.
|a e\|steac|a ce m||es ce eaeacs e\tractcres a |c
|arc ce| a|s c|||ca|tc |as cs|c|||caces ce ccatrc| ,
ce .|||aac|a cr arte ce |a aatcr|cac, cec|cc a sa
c|sers|ca, , ccatr|ca,c a |a ta|a ||ea|.
14
.
d) Ias concesiones no maderabIes, Ios
permisos y Ias autorizaciones
0eatrc ce |as ccaces|caes |cresta|es cca ||aes ac macera-
c|es, |a |e, 21308 |aac.a c|st|aa|eacc eatre ccaces|caes
ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce ctrcs rccactcs ce| ccsae
(ccmc castaaa, aaae , cr|aazas ce aa|ma|es s||.estres ea
amc|eate aatara| , ctrcs) , ccaces|caes ara ecctar|smc,
ccaser.ac|ca , ser.|c|cs amc|eata|es.
|| art|ca|c 10 ce |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre c||ereac|a
as| eatre amccs t|cs ce ccaces|caes ac macerac|es.
a. Ccaces|caes ara ctrcs rccactcs ce| ccsae. |as
ccaces|caes ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce ctrcs
rccactcs ce| ccsae sca a e\c|as|.|cac , estaa
cr|eatacas a esec|es ce ||cra , |aaaa, ta|es ccmc
castaaa, aaae, a|m|tc, ||aaas, res|aas, cmas,
|aatas mec|c|aa|es, craameata|es, cr|aazas ce
aa|ma|es s||.estres ea amc|eate aatara| , ctrcs.
|as ctcra |a aatcr|cac ccmeteate ea ateac|ca a
|a ac|cac|ca , caracter|st|cas ce |cs recarscs a ser
arc.ec|accs, ce acaercc a |as ccac|c|caes ae
estac|ece e| re|ameatc.
c. Ccaces|caes ara ecctar|smc, ccaser .ac|ca ,
ser.|c|cs amc|eata|es. |as ccaces|caes ea t|erras
ce caac|cac ce asc ma,cr |cresta| c ea ccsaes
ce rctecc|ca ara e| cesarrc||c ce ecctar|smc,
ccaser.ac|ca ce esec|es ce ||cra , |aaaa s||.estre,
secaestrc ce carccac , ctrcs ser.|c|cs amc|eata|es,
sca ctcracas cr |a aatcr|cac ccmeteate, ea |as
ccac|c|caes ae estac|ece e| re|ameatc.
Cace meac|caar ae |as ccaces|caes cca ||aes ac macera-
c|es estaa |aa|meate saetas a| cam||m|eatc ce cc||ac|c-
aes, ccmc |as ccaces|caes macerac|es, cca|crme .eremcs
ea |as ||aeas s|a|eates.
|| ar t|ca|c 11 ce |a m|sma |e, se ccaa ce |cs erm|-
scs , aatcr|zac|caes ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs
recarscs |cresta|es (aecaacc c|arc ae se trata ce|
arc.ec|am|eatc |cresta| ea ccsaes c|st|atcs ce |cs
ccsaes r|mar|cs).
11.1 >e ctcraa erm|scs ara arc.ec|am|eatc |c-
resta| cca ||aes ccmerc|a|es c |acastr|a|es, ea ccsaes
ce t|erras ce rc|ecac r|.aca, ccsaes secaacar|cs
, |aatac|caes |cresta|es, ea |as ccac|c|caes ae esta-
c|ece e| re|ameatc.
11.2 >e ctcra aatcr|zac|ca ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc
scstea|c|e ce |cs ccsaes seccs ce |a ccsta, ce acaercc
cca e| |aa ce maaec arccacc cr e| |areaa, rcmc-
.|eacc |a art|c|ac|ca ce |a ccmaa|cac |cca|, ea |as
ccac|c|caes ae estac|ece e| re|ameatc.
11.3 >e ctcra aatcr|zac|ca ara e| estac|ec|m|eatc
ce esec|es |cresta|es ea .|.ercs, cca ||aes ce rc-
aac|ca, ccaser.ac|ca , ccmerc|a||zac|ca c cca ||aes
ca|tara|es, ce acaercc a| re|ameatc.
|cs erm|scs , aatcr|zac|caes |aa|meate estaa a|ectcs a|
cam||m|eatc ce cc||ac|caes.
e) Ios derechos de Ias comunidades nativas
|a e| art|ca|c 12 ce |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre
se estac|ece ae |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as , cames|aas
tamc|ea ceceraa ccatar cca aa |aa ce maaec ara e| arc-
.ec|am|eatc ce sas recarscs macerac|es, ac macerac|es ,
ce |aaaa s||.estre a ||a ce araat|zar e| arc.ec|am|eatc
scstea|c|e ce |cs m|smcs, e| ae cece ser arccacc
cr e| |areaa, a|ea, cca ta| ccetc, cecera asescrar ,
as|st|r cca caracter r|cr|tar|c a |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as
, cames|aas
15
.
|a e|ectc, ac aece reet|rse e| errcr ||stcr|cc ce ccas|ce-
rar a |a re|ca amazca|ca ccmc aa terr|tcr|c |ameasc, ce
r|aeza |aactac|e , cescc|acc. |cr e| ccatrar|c, ac aece
asarse cr a|tc |a e\|steac|a ce 1 192 ccmaa|caces aat|.as
reccacc|cas , aseatacas ea |as re|caes ce se|.a , cea ce
se|.a sccre areas reccm|aaatemeate |cresta|es. /|aaas
ce estas ccmaa|caces carecea ce t|ta|cs ce rc|ecac
saaeaccs, m|eatras ae aa aamerc |mcr taate t|eaea
eac|eates cesce |ace aacs sc||c|taces ce am||ac|ca ce
sas terr|tcr|cs.
/c|c|caa|meate, cecemcs reccrcar ae cca|crme .|mcs
ea |a secc|ca 2 ce este |a|crmat|.c |ea| /rar|c e| |ac|sc
5 ce| art|ca|c 8 ce |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre ce||ae
ccmc ccsaes ea ccmaa|caces aat|.as , cames|aas a |cs
15 |cr cecretc saremc 052-2001-/0 se |a cec|aracc r|cr|tar|a , se aatcr|za
|a ateac|ca ce sc||c|taces reseatacas cr |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as ce
se|.a , cea ce se|.a ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce recarscs |cresta|es ea
sas t|erras. || art|ca|c 2 ce| cecretc saremc aatcr|za a| |areaa a e|accrar
c|rectameate c a tra.es ce tercercs |cs |aaes ce maaec ce aae||as
sc||c|taces ce ccmaa|caces ae se eacaeatrea ea tram|te. 14 ||0/|00, ess|ca, |c|c., . 15.
3 / | | ! R / ! / | | | N ! 0 | | 0 | > | / ! | \ 0 21
ae se eacaeatraa ceatrc ce sa terr|tcr|c, cca |a araat|a
ae |es reccacce e| art|ca|c 89 ce |a Ccast|tac|ca c||t|ca.
|a |crma ccmc esta recactaca esta acrma arecer|a |ac|-
car ae reccacce a |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as |a rc|ecac
sccre c|c|cs recarscs, aes, ea e|ectc, e| art|ca|c 89 ce |a
Ccast|tac|ca, re||r|eaccse a |as t|erras ce |as ccmaa|caces
cames|aas , aat|.as, seaa|a. |a rc|ecac ce sas t|erras
es |mrescr|t|c|e, sa|.c ea e| casc ce acaaccac re.|stc ea
e| art|ca|c aater|cr. >|a emcarc, |a acrma ac es sa||c|eate-
meate c|ara ccmc ara ces.|rtaar e| r|ac||c estac|ec|cc ea
|a |e, craa|ca ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs
recarscs aatara|es, a |a ae se rem|te |a rc|a |e, |cresta|
, ce |aaaa s||.estre, |a caa| acemas |atrccace e| ccacetc
ce atr|mca|c |cresta| aac|caa|.
f) Ias obIigaciones de Ios tituIares de
derechos de aprovechamiento
|| art|ca|c 18 ce |a |e, 21308 seaa|a ccmc caasa| ce ca-
cac|cac ce |cs cerec|cs ce arc.ec|am|eatc ce recarscs
|cresta|es e| |acam||m|eatc ce |as ccac|c|caes ce| ccatratc
ce ccaces|ca, erm|sc c aatcr|zac|ca, |c ae |m||ca ae
esas ccac|c|caes sca ccmaaes ara tccas |as ccaces|c-
aes. |as macerac|es , |as ac macerac|es. 0e maaera mas
esec|||ca, e| art|ca|c c|tacc meac|caa |as s|a|eates c|acc
caasas ce cec|arac|ca ce cacac|cac.
a) e| |acam||m|eatc ce| |aa ce maaec |cresta|,
c) e| ac ac ce| cerec|c ce arc.ec|am|eatc c ces-
ccsae,
c) e\tracc|ca |aera ce |cs ||m|tes ce |a ccaces|ca,
c) rcmc.er |a e\tracc|ca ce esec|es macerac|es a tra.es
ce tercercs, ,
e) |acarr|r ea ce||tc c |a|ta ae |m||ae ra.e r|esc c caa-
se se.ercs era|c|cs a| amc|eate , |a c|cc|.ers|cac.
0eatrc ce| ccet|.c ce estac|ecer e| maaec |cresta|, |a |e,
|mcae este maaec ccmc aaa cc||ac|ca ccmaa a tcccs |cs
t|ta|ares ce cerec|cs ce arc.ec|am|eatc ce recarscs |cres-
ta|es, taatc macerac|es ccmc ac macerac|es. |a |e, |cresta|
|c e\resa as| ea e| aamera| 15.2 ce sa art|ca|c 15. Caa|a|er
mcca||cac ce arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es, cca
||aes ccmerc|a|es c |acastr|a|es, rea|ere ce aa |aa ce maaec
|cresta| arccacc cr e| |areaa, s|a era|c|c ce |c estac|ec|cc
ea |as cemas c|scs|c|caes |ea|es .|eates.
|cr esc, ac resa|ta e\traac ae tamc|ea estac|ezca ea sa
art|ca|c 12 ae |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as , cames|aas, ara
e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce sas recarscs macerac|es, ac ma-
cerac|es , ce |aaaa s||.estre, ceceraa ccatar re.|ameate
cca |a arccac|ca ce aa |aa ce maaec cr e| |areaa, ccmc
.|mcs arra|cs mas arr|ca.
|cr sa |mcrtaac|a, a| ccas|cerar|c ccmc aa rea|s|tc ccmaa
a tccas |as |crmas ce arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs recarscs
|cresta|es, |a m|sma |e, |cresta| se eacara ce ce||a|r |c ae
cece eateacerse cr maaec |cresta| ea sa art|ca|c 15.
|at|eacase cr |aa ce maaec |cresta| |as act|.|caces
ce caracter|zac|ca, e.a|aac|ca, |aa|||cac|ca, arc.e-
c|am|eatc, reeaerac|ca, recs|c|ca, rctecc|ca , cca-
trc| ce| ccsae, ccacaceates a asearar |a rccacc|ca
scstea|c|e , |a ccaser.ac|ca ce |a c|.ers|cac c|c|c|ca
, e| amc|eate.
22 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

0tra ce |as r|ac|a|es cc||ac|caes ce |cs t|ta|ares ce

cerec|cs ce arc.ec|am|eatc es rec|sameate e| ac ce
escs cerec|cs. \a |a |e, craa|ca ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc
scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs aatara|es estac|ec|c ae tccc
arc.ec|am|eatc ce recarscs aatara|es cr ar te ce
art|ca|ares ca |aar a aaa retr|cac|ca eccacm|ca ae se
ceterm|aa cr cr|ter|cs eccacm|ccs, scc|a|es , amc|eata|es.
|ara ma,cr rec|s|ca, esta |e,, ea sa art|ca|c 20, seaa|c ae
|a retr|cac|ca eccacm|ca |ac|a,e tccc ccacetc ae ceca
acrtarse a| |stacc cr e| recarsc aatara|, ,a sea ccmc
ccatrarestac|ca, cerec|c ce ctcram|eatc c cerec|c ce
.|eac|a ce| t|ta|c ae ccat|eae e| cerec|c, estac|ec|ccs cr
|as |e,es esec|a|es.
0e esta |crma, |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre c|sasc
ae tccc arc.ec|am|eatc ce rccactcs |cresta|es , ce
|aaaa s||.estre este saetc a| ac ce cerec|cs a |a.cr
ce| |stacc, rec|saacc ae e| m|smc ac ccast|ta,e aa
|maestc. |cs cr|ter|cs ae ccatem|c |a |e, ara e| ac
ce estcs cerec|cs ce arc.ec|am|eatc se a||car|aa ce |a
s|a|eate |crma.
a. |a |as ccaces|caes |cresta|es macerac|es se cece aar
cr e| .a|cr ce |a macera ea |e, |c ae se est|ma cr
|ectarea ce ccsae, tcmaacc ea caeata e| cteac|a|
rccact|.c ce| ccsae, e| .c|amea , e| .a|cr ce |a
esec|e.
c. |a |as aatcr|zac|caes , erm|scs se cece aar cr e|
.c|amea , e| .a|cr ce |a esec|e.
c. || cerec|c ce cesccsae ae rea||zaa |cs t|ta|ares ce
cerac|caes etrc|eras, m|aeras, |acastr|a|es c ce caa|-
a|er ctra aatara|eza, ae rea||cea act|.|caces ceatrc
ce| amc|tc ce ccsaes c ce zcaas ccsccsas, se ca|ca|a
sccre |a case ce |a saer||c|e tcta| a cesccscarse.
>|eacc |cs cerec|cs ce arc.ec|am|eatc ce |as ccaces|caes
|cresta|es macerac|es |cs mas |mcrtaates cesce |a ers-
ect|.a ce |cs |arescs ara e| |stacc, ac cea ce ||amar |a
ateac|ca e| ae ccatrar|ameate a |c ae c|scae |a |e,
craa|ca ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs
aatara|es |a ceterm|aac|ca ce |a retr|cac|ca eccacm|ca
cr |cs recarscs macerac|es ac se |aa ea |aac|ca ce|
.c|amea ce macera e\tra|ca, s|ac ce |as |ectareas ae
ccmcaea |a ccaces|ca.
g) Ios incentivos para Ia reforestacin
|a |e, |cresta| tamc|ea |a re.|stc rcmc.er cca caracter
r|cr|tar|c |a |crestac|ca , re|crestac|ca cca ||aes ce rc-
cacc|ca, rctecc|ca , rc.|s|ca ce ser.|c|cs amc|eata|es,
ea t|erras ce caac|cac ce asc ma,cr |cresta|, sea ae
carezcaa ce cac|erta .eeta| c teaaa escasa cccertara
arccrea. |ara e||c |a estac|ec|cc tamc|ea ccaces|caes cr
er|cccs reac.ac|es ce caareata aacs.
|| Re|ameatc ce |a |e, |cresta| ce||ae |c ae sca re|cresta-
c|ca , |crestac|ca. |a r|mera ccas|ste ea |a reccast|tac|ca
c ear|aec|m|eatc ce |a cccertara |cresta| mec|aate e|
reccc|am|eatc c estac|ec|m|eatc ce esec|es arccreas
c arcast|.as, taatc aat|.as ccmc e\ct|cas, cca ||aes ce
rccacc|ca, rctecc|ca c rc.|s|ca ce ser.|c|cs amc|ea-
ta|es. |a |crestac|ca, ea camc|c, es e| estac|ec|m|eatc ce
|aatac|caes ea saer||c|es ccace aater|crmeate ac e\|st|a
cccertara arccrea.
/c|c|caa|meate, e| art|ca|c 29 ce |a |e, 21308 c|scae
ccas|cerar |a |crestac|ca , re|crestac|ca ccmc act|.|ca-
ces r|cr|tar|as ea |cs rcramas ce cesarrc||c aac|caa|,
re|caa| , |cca|. |a ta| seat|cc, ea |a /mazca|a se cece
est|ma|ar e| estac|ec|m|eatc ce |aatac|caes |cresta|es
cca rc|ecaces ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc |acastr|a| ce
esec|es ccmc |a a|ma ace|tera, e| a|m|tc, |a castaaa, e|
caac|c, |cs arcc|es , arcastcs mec|c|aa|es, e| cama cama,
eatre ctras. |ara e| casc ce |a ccsta , |a s|erra, se cecea
est|ma|ar |as |aatac|caes ce esec|es |cresta|es aat|.as ,
e\ct|cas arc|acas, ce asc |acastr|a|.
Cca re|ac|ca a |a cert|||cac|ca , |a acrec|tac|ca, e| ||a|ster|c
ce /r|ca|tara, cca|crme a |a |e,, cece rcmc.er |a cert|||-
cac|ca .c|aatar|a ce |cs rccactcs |cresta|es rc.ea|eates
ce ccsaes maaeaccs ara |a ccmerc|a||zac|ca, estac|e-
c|eacc aaa recacc|ca crceataa| ea e| ac ce| cerec|c
ce arc.ec|am|eatc a |as ccaces|caes ae teaaa ta|
cert|||cac|ca. 0e maaera mas rec|sa, |a |e, area, ea sa
art|ca|c 32, ae e| |areaa acrec|ta |a rcceceac|a ce |cs
rccactcs |cresta|es ac macerac|es , ce |aaaa, ara sa
ccmerc|a||zac|ca |ateraa , e\teraa.
h) Ios comits forestaIes
Resa|ta ac.eccsa ea |a |e|s|ac|ca |cresta| |a creac|ca ce
|cs Ccm|tes ce 0est|ca ce bcsaes, ea |cs caa|es se ca
cac|ca a |a art|c|ac|ca ce |cs t|ta|ares ce ccaces|caes,
aatcr|zac|caes , erm|scs, ac|caccs ceatrc ce caca aa|cac
ce est|ca ce ccsaes, a |cs ae se |ateraa |cs reresea-
taates ce |cs cc|eracs |cca|es c ceatrcs cc|accs, ce |as
ccmaa|caces cames|aas , ccmaa|caces aat|.as e\|steates
ea e| area ce| ccsae, as| ccmc ce |as |ast|tac|caes aca-
cem|cas , amc|eata|es ce |a |cca||cac c cca reseac|a ea
|a re|ca (art|ca|c 52 ce| Re|ameatc ce |a |e, |cresta| ,
ce |aaaa s||.estre).
|| Re|ameatc ce |a |e, 21308 (art|ca|c 53) |a estac|ec|cc
|as |aac|caes , rescasac|||caces ce |cs ccm|tes ce est|ca
ce ccsaes. |atre |as r|ac|a|es se eacaeatraa.
3 / | | ! R / ! / | | | N ! 0 | | 0 | > | / ! | \ 0 23
a) caate|ar ae |as act|.|caces ce arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs
recarscs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa s||.estre ae se eecatea
ea e| ccsae seaa accrces cca |as c|scs|c|caes ce |a
|e, , ce| re|ameatc,
c) cccrc|aar |as act|.|caces ce maatea|m|eatc ce |a
|a|raestractara ccmaa , ce |cs ser.|c|cs ce .|||aac|a ,
sear|cac ea e| area ce| ccsae,
c) rc|c|ar |a sc|ac|ca ce |cs cca|||ctcs ae ac|eraa e-
aerarse ceatrc ce| ccsae, cac sa rescasac|||cac,
c) rccaer a| |areaa |as acc|caes c rc,ectcs cr|eataccs
a mecrar e| maaec ce| ccsae , e| cesarrc||c ce |a
cc|ac|ca |cca|,
e) e|accrar , reseatar a| |areaa aa |a|crme aaaa| sccre
|as act|.|caces rea||zacas , |cs resa|taccs cctea|ccs,
|) cc|accrar cca |a creac|ca ce ccac|eac|a |cresta| , ea |a
ecacac|ca , caac|tac|ca ce |cs asaar|cs ce |cs ccsaes, ,
) cc|accrar c art|c|ar ea |as act|.|caces ce saer.|s|ca
, ccatrc| |cresta|.
|a |a mec|ca ea ae c|c|cs ccm|tes rea||zaa a|aaas ce |as
act|.|caces ae ccrrescacea a |a aatcr|cac |cresta|, es
eateac|c|e ae se cest|aea |caccs ac||ccs ara ||aaac|ar
sas acc|caes. |cr e||c, e| art|ca|c 54 ce| re|ameatc ce |a |e,
seaa|a ccmc recarscs ce |cs ccm|tes ce est|ca ce ccsaes
estas tres |aeates.
|as traas|ereac|as resaaesta|es rea||zacas cr e|
|areaa, rc.ea|eates ce| crceatae ccrrescac|eate
ce |cs cerec|cs ce arc.ec|am|eatc |cresta| ce |as
ccaces|caes, aatcr|zac|caes c erm|scs ctcraccs
ceatrc ce| area ce sa ar|sc|cc|ca,
|cs acrtes ae .c|aatar|ameate acaercea |cs m|emcrcs
ce| m|smc ccm|te, ,
|as ccaac|caes ae ac|eraa rec|c|r.
3.3 Ias reas naturaIes protegidas
Ccmc ,a |a s|cc meac|caacc, |a r|mera |e, |cresta| , ce
|aaaa s||.estre, cecretc |e, 21141, c|st|aa|c caatrc t|cs ce
areas. ccsaes aac|caa|es, ccsaes ce ||cre c|sca|c|||cac,
ccsaes ce rctecc|ca , aa|caces ce ccaser.ac|ca.
!|emc cesaes, aaa ce |as .ar|as acrmas re|ameatar|as
ce |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre, e| Re|ameatc ce
aa|caces ce ccaser.ac|ca, arccacc cr cecretc saremc
10-11-/0, crec e| >|stema Nac|caa| ce Ua|caces ce Cca-
ser.ac|ca, e| ae |ateraca caatrc catecr|as.
a) araes aac|caa|es,
c) reser.as aac|caa|es,
c) saataar|cs aac|caa|es, ,
c) saataar|cs ||stcr|ccs.
24 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

|cster|crmeate, ea 1990 se crear|a, cr cecretc saremc

010-90-/0, e| >|stema Nac|caa| ce /reas Natara|es |rc-
te|cas cr e| |stacc (>|aaae). |ste s|stema ccmreac|a
se|s ccmcaeates c sacs|stemas.
e| >|stema Nac|caa| ce Ua|caces ce Ccaser.ac|ca
(creacc cr cecretc saremc 10-11-/0 , ae, ccmc
.|mcs, |ateraca a |cs araes aac|caa|es, |as reser.as
aac|caa|es, |cs saataar|cs aac|caa|es , |cs saataar|cs
||stcr|ccs),
|cs ccsaes aac|caa|es,
|cs ccsaes ce rctecc|ca,
|as reser.as ccmaaa|es,
|cs cctcs ce caza, ,
ctras areas.
|a |e, craa|ca ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs
recarscs aatara|es, |e, 2821, ce aa|c ce 1991, cr sa arte,
estac|ec|c ea e| r|mer arra|c ce sa art|ca|c 12. |s cc||ac|ca
ce| |stacc |cmeatar |a ccaser.ac|ca ce areas aatara|es ae
caeataa cca |mcrtaate c|.ers|cac c|c|c|ca, a|saes , ctrcs
ccmcaeates ce| atr|mca|c aatara| ce |a Nac|ca, ea |crma ce
areas aatara|es rcte|cas, ea ca,c amc|tc e| arc.ec|am|eatc
ce |cs recarscs aatara|es estara saetc a rctecc|ca esec|a|.
|ccc t|emc cesaes, estas areas asaraa a ser ccetc ce
rea|ac|ca esec|||ca a tra.es ce |a |e, 2834, ce areas
aatara|es rcte|cas, ce a||c ce 1991.
|a |e, 2834 ccas|cera ccmc ce ccm|a|c ac||cc es
cec|r, ce rc|ecac ce| |stacc a |as areas aatara|es rc-
te|cas (cca |a sc|a e\cec|ca ce |as areas ce ccaser.ac|ca
r|.acas), |as ae ac ccraa ser acac|cacas ea rc|ecac
a art|ca|ares. || art|ca|c 4 ce esta |e, ccas|cera, acemas,
ae caaacc se cec|area areas aatara|es rcte|cas ae
|ac|a,aa rec|cs ce rc|ecac r|.aca se ccraa ceterm|aar
restr|cc|caes a| asc ce |a rc|ecac ce estcs. 0e maaera
ccm|emeatar|a, e| art|ca|c 5 c|scae ae e| eerc|c|c ce
|a rc|ecac , ce |cs cemas cerec|cs aca|r|ccs cca aa-
ter|cr|cac a| estac|ec|m|eatc ce aa area aatara| rcte|ca
cece |acerse ea armca|a cca |cs ccet|.cs , ||aes ara
|cs caa|es |ae creaca esta. |stcs ccs art|ca|cs sca c|arcs
eem|cs ce |a |mcrtaac|a ae e| |e|s|accr as|aa a |as
areas aatara|es rcte|cas, ea term|acs ce sa .a|cr ara
|a cc|ect|.|cac, |c ae erm|te ae e| cerec|c ce rc|ecac
aeca estar saetc a ||m|tac|caes.
|cs ccet|.cs ce |as areas aatara|es rcte|cas, cca|crme
a| |arc ||stacc ccatea|cc ea e| art|ca|c 2 ce |a |e, 2834,
sca cas|cameate |cs s|a|eates. asearar |a ccat|aa|cac ce
|cs rccescs ecc|c|ccs , e.c|at|.cs, maateaer maestras ce
|cs c|st|atcs t|cs ce ccmaa|cac aatara|, a|saes , |crmas
||s|cra||cas, e.|tar |a e\t|ac|ca ce esec|es ce ||cra , |aaaa
s||.estre, e.|tar |a erc|ca ce |a c|.ers|cac eaet|ca, maa-
teaer , maaear |cs recarscs ce |a ||cra , |aaaa s||.estres,
maateaer e| eatcrac aatara| ce |cs recarscs ca|tara|es,
araec|c|ccs e ||stcr|ccs ac|caccs ea sa |ater|cr, , cca-
ser.ar |a |ceat|cac aatara| , ca|tara| ascc|aca e\|steate ea
c|c|as areas.
|a |e, ce areas aatara|es rcte|cas |ace aaa |mcrtaate
c|st|ac|ca eatre areas ce asc |ac|rectc , areas ce asc c|-
rectc. |a |as r|meras, cca|crme a| art|ca|c 21, se erm|te
|a |a.est|ac|ca c|eat|||ca ac maa|a|at|.a, |a recreac|ca ,
e| tar|smc, aaaae ea zcaas arc|acameate ces|aacas ,
maaeacas ara e||c. |cr taatc, ea estas areas ac se erm|te
|a e\tracc|ca ce recarscs aatara|es, ccmc tamccc rea||zar
mcc|||cac|caes c traas|crmac|caes ce| amc|eate aatara|. >ca
areas ce asc |ac|rectc.
|cs araes aac|caa|es,
|cs saataar|cs aac|caa|es, ,
|cs saataar|cs ||stcr|ccs.
|cr ctrc |acc, |as areas ce asc c|rectc, tamc|ea cca|crme
a| art|ca|c 21, sca aae||as ae erm|tea e| arc.ec|a-
m|eatc c e\tracc|ca ce recarscs r|cr|tar|ameate cr
|as cc|ac|caes |cca|es ea aae||as zcaas , |aares ,
ara aae||cs recarscs ce||a|ccs cr e| |aa ce maaec
ce| area. /rea |a |e, ae ctrcs ascs , act|.|caces ae
se cesarrc||ea ea estas areas ce asc c|rectc ceceraa ser
ccmat|c|es cca |cs ccet|.cs ce estas areas. Ccast|ta,ea
areas ce asc c|rectc.
reser.as aac|caa|es,
reser.as a|sa|st|cas,
re|a|cs ce .|ca s||.estre,
reser.as ccmaaa|es,
ccsaes ce rctecc|ca,
cctcs ce caza, ,
areas ce ccaser.ac|ca re|caa|es.
Nc aece cear ce caasar c|erta cca|as|ca |a e.c|ac|ca
ce |a acrmat|.a re|ac|caaca cca |as areas aatara|es rc-
te|cas, cr |a |crma ccmc se |aa |cc ccastra,eacc sas
catecr|as. |cr e||c, e| caacrc s|a|eate aece resa|tar
ce at|||cac.
3 / | | ! R / ! / | | | N ! 0 | | 0 | > | / ! | \ 0 25
|.c|ac|ca ce |as areas aatara|es rcte|cas
Re|ameatc ce
aa|caces ce
ccaser.ac|ca (0.>.
10-11-/0)
>|stema Nac|caa|
ce /reas Natara|es
|rcte|cas cr e|
|stacc (0.>. 010-
90-/0)
/caas ce rctec-
c|ca ecc|c|ca ea
|a /mazca|a (0.>.
011-91-/0)
|e, ce areas aatara-
|es rcte|cas (|e,
2834)
|e, sccre |a
ccaser.ac|ca ,
arc.ec|am|eatc
scstea|c|e ce |a
c|.ers|cac c|c|c|-
ca (|e, 2839)
Crea e| >|stema Na-
c|caa| ce Ua|caces
ce Ccaser.ac|ca.
a) araes aac|caa-
|es
c) reser.as aac|caa-
|es
c) saataar|cs aac|c-
aa|es ,
c) saataar|cs ||stcr|-
ccs
>|stema Nac|caa| ce
Ua|caces ce Ccaser-
.ac|ca.
a) araes aac|caa-
|es
c) reser.as aac|caa-
|es
c) saataar|cs aac|c-
aa|es ,
c) saataar|cs ||stcr|-
ccs
/reas aatara|es rc-
te|cas ce| >|stema
Nac|caa| ce /reas
Natara|es |rcte|cas
cr e| |stacc
/reas ce asc |ac|-
rectc.
x araes aac|caa-
|es
x saataar|cs aac|caa-
|es
x saataar|cs ||stcr|-
ccs
!ccas |as areas
aat ar a| es r c-
te|cas ce| a|s
cca|crmaa, ea sa
ccaaatc, e| >|s-
tema Nac|caa| ce
/reas Natara| es
|rcte|cas cr e|
|stacc (>|aaae)
bcsaes aac|caa|es
bcsaes ce rctec-
c|ca
bcsaes ce rctec-
c|ca
Reser.as ccmaaa|es Reser.as ccmaaa|es
Cctcs ce caza Cctcs ce caza
0tras x /caas reser.acas
, areas aatara|es
rcte| cas cr
cc|eracs re|c-
aa|es ea |a /ma-
zca|a
x !|erras ce rctec-
c|ca ea |aceras
x /reas ce aata-
acs, aaaa|es ,
ccc|as
x /reas ac,aceates
a caaces ce r|cs
x reser.as aac|caa-
|es
x reser.as a|sa|s-
t|cas
x re|a|cs ce .|ca
s||.estre
x areas ce ccaser-
.ac|ca re|caa|es
/reas ce ccaser.a-
c|ca r|.aca
||aboac|oo: C|||S
2 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

|cr ctra arte, |a |e, ce areas aatara|es rcte|cas recc-

acce ea e| art|ca|c 31 ae |a acm|a|strac|ca ce estas areas
cascara r|cr|tar|ameate asearar |cs ascs trac|c|caa|es ,
|cs s|stemas ce .|ca ce |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as , came-
s|aas ae |as |ac|taa, s|emre ae c|c|cs ascs resa|tea
ccmat|c|es cca |cs ||aes ce |as m|smas. >|a emcarc, |a
a||cac|ca ccacreta ce |a acrmat|.a sccre estas areas |a
mcstracc ae se eaeraa cca|||ctcs cca |as ccmaa|caces,
cr e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs recarscs e\|steates ea c|c|as
areas, e |ac|asc ea tcrac a |a rc|ecac ce estas.
|a ccaccrcaac|a cca este m|smc art|ca|c cece ccas|cerarse
|c est|a|acc ea e| art|ca|c 11 ce |a |e, craa|ca ara e|
arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs aatara|es, ea
e| seat|cc ce ae |cs |ac|taates ce aaa zcaa ecra||ca
esec|a|meate |cs m|emcrcs ce |as ccmaa|caces came-
s|aas , aat|.as aecea ceae||c|arse rata|tameate ce |cs
recarscs aatara|es ce ||cre accesc ce| eatcrac ac,aceate a
sas t|erras, ara sat|s|acer sas aeces|caces ce sacs|steac|a
, ascs r|taa|es, s|emre ae ac e\|staa cerec|cs e\c|as|.cs c
e\c|a,eates ce tercercs, c reser.a ce| |stacc. |ste ceae||c|c,
seaa e| m|smc art|ca|c, term|aa caaacc e| |stacc ctcra
|cs recarscs aatara|es mater|a ce| m|smc.
|a acrmat|.a .|eate ac ccas|cera, s|a emcarc, |as e\ec-
tat|.as e |ac|asc |as cemaacas ce |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as
cr maateaer |a e\c|as|.|cac ce| asc ,, ea mac|cs cascs,
|a rc|ecac ce |as t|erras ae se eacaeatraa ceatrc ce |c
ae e||as ccas|ceraa sas terr|tcr|cs trac|c|caa|es.
/s|m|smc, ea e| casc ce |as areas aatara|es rcte|cas
cece ccas|cerarse |a reseac|a ea e||as ce ar|ca|tcres cca
cerec|cs e\ectat|c|cs ara ser t|ta|ares ce |as t|erras ae
ccaaa ce maaera |a|crma|, caraate .ar|cs aacs, a
|as caa|es, cr ser ce rc|ecac estata|, cca||aa ae ccr|aa
accecer ea a||cac|ca ce |as acrmas sccre t|ta|ac|ca ce t|e-
rras c|ctacas caraate |a cecaca ce 1990. |sas e\ectat|.as,
s|a emcarc, cc||s|caaa cca |as acrmas ccmeatacas, ae
ccas|ceraa estas areas ccmc ce ccm|a|c ac||cc.
|cr a|t|mc, cece teaerse ea caeata |c estac|ec|cc ea e|
art|ca|c 12 ce |a |e, 2505, ce |a.ers|ca r|.aca ea e|
cesarrc||c ce |as act|.|caces eccacm|cas ea |as t|erras
ce| terr|tcr|c aac|caa| , ce |as ccmaa|caces cames|aas
, aat|.as, |e, ce t|erras, cr e| ae se crearca |as zcaas
ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca ea |a se|.a, |as ae e| re|ameatc
ce c|c|a |e, ceacm|aa zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca ea
|a /mazca|a. |sas zcaas ccmreacea, eatre ctras, |as
areas aatara|es rcte|cas ce| >|stema Nac|caa| ce /reas
|rcte|cas cr e| |stacc (>|aaae), ce |as ae se ccaara
ccc cesaes |a |e, ce areas aatara|es rcte|cas, s|a
cesarrc||ar esa mas am||a c|as|||cac|ca.
|| caacrc ae se rerccace a ccat|aaac|ca reseata |as
c|st|atas areas aatara|es rcte|cas ae |acea arte ce| >|s-
tema Nac|caa| ce /reas |rcte|cas cr e| |stacc (>|aaae),
ce acaercc cca e| /ae\c estac|st|cc 2004 ce| |areaa
1
.
1 !cmacc ce |a a|aa wec ce| |NR|N/. |tt.//www.|areaa.cc.e~
3 / | | ! R / ! / | | | N ! 0 | | 0 | > | / ! | \ 0 21
Catecr|as base |ea| |ec|a Uc|cac|ca c||t|ca |\teas|ca (|a)
|araes Nac|caa|es (11) 1 812 ,52
Cater.c |e, 1394 08.09.1 Caamarca 2 500,00
!|ac |ar|a |e, 15514 14.05.5 |aaaacc 4 111,00
|aascaraa 0.>. 022-15-/0 01.01.15 /acas| 340 000,00
Cerrcs ce /mctae 0.>. 0800-15-/0 22.01.15 !amces , ||ara 91 300,00
R|c /c|sec 0.>. 04-83-/0 11.08.83 >aa |art|a 214 520,00
\aaac|aa-C|em|||ea 0.>. 08-8-/0 29.08.8 |ascc 122 000,00
ba|aaa->caeae 0.>. 048-2000-/0 04.09.00 |acre ce 0|cs , |aac 1 091 41,00
Ccrc|||era /za| 0.>. 031-2001-/0 21.05.01 >aa |art|a, |cretc,
Uca,a|| , |aaaacc
1 353 190,84
|aaa 0.>. 045-2002-/0 11.01.02 Cascc , |acre ce 0|cs 111 295,22
0t|s|| 0.>. 003-2003-/0 14.01.03 aa|a , Cascc 305 913,05
/|tc |aras 0.>. 040-2004-/0 20.11.04 Uca,a|| , |acre ce 0|cs 2 510 94,41
>aataar|cs aac|caa|es (1) 23 982,0
|aa,||a, 0.>. 0150-14-/0 01.08.14 |ascc 815,00
Ca||a, 0.>. 004-81-// 08.01.81 |a ||certac 4 500,00
|aaaas ce |e|a 0.>. 015-84-/0 24.02.84 /rea|a 90,0
/ma, 0.>. 042-81-/0 23.01.81 /ar|mac 3 35,50
|aa|ares ce !amces 0.>. 018-88-/0 02.03.88 !amces 2 912,00
!acaccaas-Namca||e 0.>. 051-88-/0 20.05.88 Caamarca 29 500,00
|eaatca| 0.>. 030-2004-/0 18.08.04 Cascc 215 88,9
>aataar|cs ||stcr|ccs (4) 41 219,38
C|acamarca 0.>. 0150-14-/0 01.08.14 aa|a 2 500,00
|ama ce /,acac|c 0.>. 0119-80-// 14.08.80 /,acac|c 300,00
|ac|a|cc|a 0.>. 001-81-// 08.01.81 Cascc 32 592,00
bcsae ce |cmac 0.>. 034-2001-/0 01.0.01 |amca,eae 5 881,38
Reser.as aac|caa|es (10) 3 219 445,25
|ama 0a|eras barcara 0'/c||||e R.>. 151-/ 18.05.1 /,acac|c 500,00
aa|a 0.>. 0150-14-/0 01.08.14 aa|a , |ascc 53 000,00
|aracas 0.>. 1281-15-/0 25.09.15 |ca 335 000,00
|ac|a, 0.>. 310-11-/0 21.0.11 ||ma 5 010,00
!|t|caca 0.>. 185-18-// 31.10.18 |aac 3 180,00
>a||aas , /aaca b|aaca 0.>. 010-19-// 09.08.19 /rea|a , |caeaa 3 93,00
Ca||a, 0.>. 004-81-// 08.01.81 |a ||certac 4 000,00
|aca,a >am|r|a 0.>. 01-82-/0 04.02.82 |cretc 2 080 000,00
!amccata 0.>. 048-2000-/0 04.09.00 |acre ce 0|cs 214 90,00
/||a|aa,c - ||s|aaa 0.>. 002-2004-/0 1.01.04 |cretc 58 09,25
Reser.a a|sa|st|ca (1) 221 28,48
Ncr \aa,cs - Ccc|as 0.>. 033-2001-/0 01.05.01 ||ma , aa|a 221 28,48
Reser.as ccmaaa|es () 1 45 819,24
\aaes|a R.>. 0193-88-/0-00|| 28.04.88 |ascc 34 144,10
|| >|ra 0.>. 031-2001-/0 22.0.01 |aaaacc, |ascc , Uca,a|| 1 413,41
/mara|aer| 0.>. 031-2002-/0 09.05.02 |acre ce 0|cs , Cascc 402 335,2
|ac||aeaa 0.>. 003-2003-/0 14.01.03 Cascc 218 905,3
/s|aa|a|a 0.>. 003-2003-/0 14.01.03 aa|a , Cascc 184 48,38
|aras 0.>. 040-2004-/0 20.11.04 Uca,a|| , |acre ce 0|cs 11,50
>|stema Nac|caa| ce /reas Natara|es |rcte|cas cr e| |stacc (>|aaae)
28 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

bcsaes ce rctecc|ca () 389 98,99

/.b. Caaa| Nae.c |mer|a| R.>. 0001-80-///00|| 19.05.80 ||ma 18,11
|aa|c >aata Rcsa R.>. 0434-82-/0/00|| 02.09.82 |a ||certac 12,50
|a| |a| R.>. 0042-85-/0/00|| 31.01.85 aa|a 0 000,00
>aa |at|as - >aa Car|cs R.>. 0101-81-/0/00|| 20.03.81 |ascc 145 818,00
|aa|camca R.>. 0222-81-/0/00|| 19.0.81 Caamarca 2 018,38
/|tc |a,c R.>. 0293-81-/0/00|| 23.01.81 >aa |art|a 182 000,00
Cctcs ce caza (2) 124 135,00
|| /ac|c R.>. 024-15-/0 01.01.15 ||ara 5 000,00
>aac|acamca R.|. 0042-11-/0 22.04.11 Caamarca 59 135,00
/caas reser.acas (11) 2 189 903,3
|aa|ama R.|. 0092-82-/0/00|| 05.10.82 |amca,eae 11 34,90
|aataacs ce \|||a R.|. 0909-2000-/0 29.05.89 ||ma 23,21
!amces R.|. 0594-94-/0 28.09.94 !amces 15 102,00
/|arrcca| || |crc 0.>. 02-95-/0 13.01.95 |a ||certac 320,9
C|aaca,caacs 0.>. 001-9-/0 14.02.9 Caamarca 2 28,00
/,mara |aaca 0.>. 002-9-/0 01.03.9 |aac 300 000,00
0ae| 0.>. 003-91-/0 03.04.91 |cretc 25 911,00
R|c R|mac 0.>. 023-98-/0 23.12.98 ||ma |raaa ce 28 |m
>aat|ac - Ccma|aa 0.>. 005-99-/0 0.01.00 /mazcaas , |cretc 1 42 51,00
Ccrc|||era ce Cc|aa R.|. 0213-2002-/0 01.03.02 /mazcaas 4 114,14
Ccrc|||era |aa,|aas| R.|. 1113-2002-/0 24.12.02 /acas|, |aaaacc , ||ma 1 589,1
/reas aatara|es rcte|cas (58) 1 380 14,28
>aer||c|e ce| |era (|a) 128 521 50
ce| |era rcte|cc 12,15
|oooto: lost|toto |ac|ooa| oo |ocosos |atoa|os l||||/) - lotoooooc|a oo /oas |atoa|os |oto|oas o o| |staoo l/||), oov|oobo 2OO+.
3.4 Ias zonas de proteccin ecoIgica en Ia
seIva
|as zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca ea |a se|.a |aerca creacas
ea 1995 cr |a |e, 2505, ce |a.ers|ca r|.aca ea e| cesa-
rrc||c ce |as act|.|caces eccacm|cas ea |as t|erras ce| terr|-
tcr|c aac|caa| , ce |as ccmaa|caces cames|aas , aat|.as,
mas ccacc|ca ccmc |e, ce t|erras. >a creac|ca cec|c|ca
cr e| ||eac ce| Ccaresc Ccast|ta,eate 0emccrat|cc (CC0)
ea |a acc|e ce sa cre.e cecate
11
ccecec|c a| |ateatc ce
a|aacs ccares|stas cr e.|tar ae |a ||cera||zac|ca ae
esta |e, rcca|a ccacaera a| arrasam|eatc ce |cs ccsaes
amazca|ccs. || art|ca|c 12 ce |a |e, ce t|erras se re||ere
ce| s|a|eate mccc a estas aae.as areas.
|| |ccer |ecat|.c, ea aa |azc ac ma,cr ce 0 c|as
ce |a .|eac|a ce |a reseate |e,, ceterm|aara mec|aate
cecretc saremc |as zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca
ea |a se|.a.
0|c|as zcaas sc|c ccraa ser mater|a ce ccaces|ca, sa-
etas a |as acrmas ce rctecc|ca ce| mec|c amc|eate.
|sta ||m|tac|ca ac ccmreace |as t|erras ce |as cc-
maa|caces cames|aas , aat|.as, |as zcaas arcaaas
, sacarcaaas, a| |a rc|ecac ccast|ta|ca aates ce |a
rcma|ac|ca ce |a reseate |e,. !amccc ccmreace
e| area eatreaca ea cses|ca seaa cer t|||caccs
e\teac|ccs cr e| ||a|ster|c ce /r|ca|tara a |a |ec|a
ce |a .|eac|a ce |a reseate |e,.
Resa|ta c|arc ae este art|ca|c crec aa re|mea e\cec|caa|
cca resectc a| tratam|eatc eaera| ae |a |e, 2505 cr|a-
ca a tccas |as t|erras ce| terr|tcr|c aac|caa| (|| re|mea
ar|c|cc ce |as t|erras ar|cc|as se r|e cr e| Ccc|c C|.||
, |a reseate |e,, reza e| seaacc arra|c ce| art|ca|c 2
ce c|c|a |e,), aaaae ac aecc c|arameate estac|ec|cc e|
crae ce esa e\cec|ca. |ste re|mea esec|a|, a||cac|e
sccre |as t|erras ca,a ce||m|tac|ca aeca eacaraca a|
|ccer |ecat|.c, |m||ca ae |cs rec|cs ae se ac|aea
ea c|c|as zcaas ac ccraa ser ccetc ce rc|ecac, s|ac
sc|c ce ccaces|ca, aecaacc saetcs a| cam||m|eatc ce
11 |a |e, |ae arccaca ea a||c ce 1995, ea |as cstr|mer|as ce| tracac
ce| CC0, ,, ese a sa |mcrtaac|a, |ae c|scat|ca ma, cre.emeate ea ccs
ses|caes ce| CC0.
3 / | | ! R / ! / | | | N ! 0 | | 0 | > | / ! | \ 0 29
|as acrmas sccre rctecc|ca ce| amc|eate. || arra|c ||aa|
ce| art|ca|c, a sa .ez, reseata |as e\cec|caes a| re|mea
e\cec|caa|, |c ae ac |ace s|ac reccaccer aaa s|taac|ca
ce |ec|c. |a e\|steac|a ce rc|etar|cs ce t|erras, c cca
cerec|c a teaer|as, ea estas zcaas ce rctecc|ca aates ce
sa |crmac|ca. Resa|ta ma, c|||c|| eateacer, s|a emcarc, ae
se |ac|a,a ea ese ||stacc a a|eaes sc|c ta.|eraa cert|||caccs
ce cses|ca.
|| re|ameatc ce |a |e,, arccacc cr||aa|meate mec|aate
cecretc saremc 011-9-/0, rea|c |as zcaas ce rctec-
c|ca ecc|c|ca ea |a se|.a, c|st|aa|eacc ea e||as caatrc
ccmcaeates.
a) areas aatara|es rcte|cas ce| >|aaae, zcaas reser-
.acas , areas aatara|es rcte|cas estac|ec|cas cr
cc|eracs re|caa|es ea |a se|.a,
c) t|erras ce rctecc|ca ea |aceras,
c) areas ce aataacs, aaaa|es , ccc|as ea e| |aa
|cresta| ce| |era, ,
c) areas ac,aceates a |cs caaces ce |cs r|cs.
Ua aac cesaes, e| Re|ameatc ce |a |e, ce t|erras |ae
eaterameate mcc|||cacc cr e| cecretc saremc 011-91-
/0, ce aa|c ce 1991. >|a emcarc, e| aae.c re|ameatc,
ese a ae cercc e| cecretc saremc 011-9-/0, cca ma,
||ercs camc|cs re|terc sa ccatea|cc ea |c re|ac|caacc cca
estas zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca, aaaae camc|aacc
sa ceacm|aac|ca cr |a ce zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca
ea |a /mazca|a.
Cacr|eacc e| .ac|c ce| art|ca|c 12 ce |a |e, ce t|erras, ea
|c ae resecta a |a eca||ar|cac ce |as zcaas ce rctec-
c|ca ecc|c|ca ea |a /mazca|a, e| re|ameatc .|eate |as
ce||ae ccmc aae||as areas ecra||cas cca esec|a|es
caracter|st|cas amc|eata|es ce sae|cs, aaas, c|.ers|cac
c|c|c|ca, .a|cres escea|ccs, ca|tara|es, c|eat|||ccs ,
recreat|.cs, saetas e\c|as|.ameate a| asc scstea|c|e
ccmat|c|e cca sa aatara|eza (art|ca|c 19), |c ae ac cea
ce reseatar mac|a s|m|||tac cca |a ce||a|c|ca eaera| ce
|as areas aatara|es rcte|cas. |ste re|ameatc c|st|aae
|as s|a|eates areas.
a) areas aatara|es rcte|cas ce| >|stema Nac|caa| ce
/reas |rcte|cas cr e| |stacc (>|aaae), creacc cr
cecretc saremc 010-90-/0, |as zcaas reser.acas
, |as areas aatara|es rcte|cas estac|ec|cas cr |cs
cc|eracs re|caa|es, ac|cacas ea |a /mazca|a, re|cas
cr |as acrmas |ea|es ce |a mater|a,
c) t|erras ce rctecc|ca ea |aceras, ce acaercc cca |c es-
tac|ec|cc ea e| Re|ameatc ce c|as|||cac|ca ce t|erras,
c) aataacs, aaaa|es , ccc|as ceterm|aaccs ea e| |aa
|cresta| ce| |era, ,
c) areas ac,aceates a caaces ce r|cs, seaa |a ce||m|tac|ca
estac|ec|ca cr |a aatcr|cac ce aaas.
|| art|ca|c 22 ce| re|ameatc |ace a|aaas |mcrtaates
rec|s|caes a| eacarc |ec|c a| |ccer |ecat|.c ara |a
ce||m|tac|ca ce estas zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca. /s|,
seaa|a ae e| ||a|ster|c ce /r|ca|tara, a tra.es ce| |areaa,
aeca eacaracc ce e|accrar , c||aac|r e| maa c||c|a|
ce |as zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca ea |a /mazca|a,
as| ccmc |cs cr|ter|cs at|||zaccs ara |a ceterm|aac|ca ce
c|c|as zcaas. || art|ca|c 23 aaace ae e| |areaa ac sc|c
es e| rescasac|e ce| cam||m|eatc ce |c c|saestc ea esa
arte ce| re|ameatc, s|ac tamc|ea ce e|accrar , maateaer
actaa||zacc e| catastrc ce |as zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca
ea |a /mazca|a.
Uaas semaaas mas tarce, e| 4 ce a||c ce 1991, a| ac||carse
|a |e, ce areas aatara|es rcte|cas, |e, 2834, esta |ace
re|ereac|a a |as areas ce asc c|rectc (araes aac|caa|es,
saataar|cs aac|caa|es , saataar|cs ||stcr|ccs), a |as ce asc
|ac|rectc (ccsaes ce rctecc|ca, reser.as ccmaaa|es, cc-
tcs ce caza, reser.as aac|caa|es, reser.as a|sa|st|cas, re-
|a|cs ce .|ca s||.estre , areas ce ccaser.ac|ca re|caa|es)
, a |as areas ce ccaser.ac|ca r|.acas, erc ac meac|caa
a |as zcaas ce rctecc|ca ecc|c|ca ea |a /mazca|a, |c ae,
e.|ceatemeate, eaera a|aaa cca|as|ca.
|cr a|t|mc, |a |e, 2839, sccre ccaser.ac|ca , arc-
.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |a c| .er s|cac c|c|c|ca,
ac||caca e| 1 ce a||c ce 1991, c|sasc ea sa ar t|ca|c
11. |as areas aatara|es rcte|cas ce| a|s cca|crmaa
ea sa ccaaatc e| >|stema Nac|caa| ce /reas Natara|es
|rcte|cas cr e| |stacc (>|aaae), a| caa| se |ateraa
|as |ast|tac|caes ac||cas ce| 0cc|erac ceatra|, cc|eracs
re|caa|es, maa|c|a||caces, |ast|tac|caes r|.acas , |as
cc|ac|caes |cca|es ae actaaa, |ater.|eaea c ar t|c|aa,
c|recta c |ac|rectameate, ea |a est|ca , cesarrc||c ce
|as areas aatara|es rcte|cas. Uaa .ez mas, tamccc
se meac|caa ea este |mcr taate |astrameatc |ea|
arccacc cr e| Ccaresc e| m|smc c|a ae |a |e, ce
areas aatara|es rcte|cas a |as zcaas ce rctecc|ca
ecc|c|ca ea |a /mazca|a, |ec|c ae car|a caeata ce |a
cca r|arcs|cac cca ae estas zcaas |aerca creacas
ea |a |e, ce t|erras.
30 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

Lu nsttuconudud
forostu
|a ccmcs|c|ca ce| Ccaa|cr es castaate am||a, , cec|cc
a |a reestractarac|ca ce| |ccer |ecat|.c |a ce.ea|cc ea
|aactaa|. ||araa a||| e| m|a|strc ce /r|ca|tara (a|ea |c re-
s|ce), aa rereseataate ce| ||a|ster|c ce |acastr|a, !ar|smc,
|aterac|ca , Necc|ac|caes Ccmerc|a|es |ateraac|caa|es,
aac ce| ||a|ster|c ce !raascrtes, Ccmaa|cac|caes, \|.|eaca
, Ccastracc|ca, aac ce| ||a|ster|c ce |ccacm|a , ||aaazas,
as| ccmc rereseataates ce| |ast|tatc ce |a.est|ac|caes ce
|a /mazca|a |eraaaa, ce |as craa|zac|caes rem|a|es ce
emresas r|.acas cec|cacas a act|.|caces |cresta|es, ce
|aaaa s||.estre , ce tar|smc, ce craa|zac|caes ccmaaa|es
aat|.as , cames|aas, ce |as aa|.ers|caces ac||cas , r|.a-
cas, ce ceatrcs ce |a.est|ac|ca |cresta|, ce craa|zac|caes
ac aceraameata|es esec|a||zacas ea temas ce recarscs
|cresta|es , ce |aaaa s||.estre, , ce |cs cc|eracs |cca|es
ce |as re|caes cca recarscs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa s||.estre
s|a|||cat|.cs.
|ese a |as |mcrtaates |aac|caes ae |e sca atr|ca|cas , a
sa ma, s|a|||cat|.a ccmcs|c|ca, |asta |a |ec|a e| Ccaa|cr
ac se |a ccast|ta|cc ,, cr taatc, ac |a |aac|caacc. ess|ca
||ca|c c|aa ae, ea c|erta mec|ca, |a |esa Nac|caa| ce
0|a|cc , Ccacertac|ca |cresta| , |as mesas re|caa|es |aa
sa||cc esa aaseac|a
18
.
|cr ctra arte, e| art|ca|c ce |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa
s||.estre crea e| 0raa|smc >aer.|scr ce |cs Recarscs
|cresta|es |acerac|es (0s|a|cr), acscr|tc a |a |res|ceac|a
ce| Ccasec ce ||a|strcs, cctaacc|c ce aatcacm|a |aac|c-
aa|, teca|ca , acm|a|strat|.a. |a |e, as|aa a| 0s|a|cr tres
|mcrtaates |aac|caes.
a) saer.|sar , ccatrc|ar caca c|acc aacs e| cam||m|eatc
ce |cs ccatratcs ce ccaces|ca |cresta| a tra.es ce
erscaas ar|c|cas esec|a||zacas,
c) a||car |as saac|caes ae ccrrescacaa seaa e| re|a-
meatc, ,
c) ||e.ar aa re|strc ce erscaas ar|c|cas acrec|tacas ara
rea||zar |a saer.|s|ca c cert|||cac|ca .c|aatar|a.
|a .|eate |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre estac|ece ae e|
|areaa es e| craac eacaracc ce |a est|ca , acm|a|strac|ca
ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa s||.estre a a|.e| aac|c-
aa| (art|ca|c 3, aamera| 3.4). |sta eat|cac |ac|a s|cc creaca
ccmc craa|smc ac||cc cesceatra||zacc ce| ||a|ster|c ce
/r|ca|tara ea |a |e, craa|ca ce| ||a|ster|c ce /r|ca|tara,
cecretc |e, 25902, ce ac.|emcre ce 1992, sccre |a case
ce |a cesaarec|ca 0||c|aa Nac|caa| ce |.a|aac|ca ce |cs
Recarscs Natara|es (0N|RN) , ce| |rcrama Nac|caa| ce
|araes Nac|caa|es ce| |era, cca |a |aac|ca ce rcmc.er
e| asc rac|caa| , |a ccaser.ac|ca ce |cs recarscs aatara|es
cca |a art|c|ac|ca ce| sectcr r|.acc.
|| |areaa ac es, s|a emcarc, |a aa|ca eat|cac ac||ca ae
t|eae atr|cac|caes ea mater|a |cresta| ea e| a|s, ccmc se
maestra a ccat|aaac|ca.
4.1 fI Conafor y eI Osinfor
/cemas ce eacarar a| |areaa |a est|ca , acm|a|strac|ca
ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa s||.estre, |a |e,
21308 crea craacs ae |a accmaaaa ea estas |accres.
/s|, crea e| Ccasec Nac|caa| Ccasa|t|.c ce |c||t|ca |cresta|
(Ccaa|cr), ccmc craa|smc ce| mas a|tc a|.e| ce ccasa|ta
ce c||t|ca |cresta|, cca |a art|c|ac|ca ce rereseataates
ce |ast|tac|caes , craa|smcs ce| sectcr ac||cc , r|.acc
.|aca|accs a |a act|.|cac |cresta| (art|ca|c 5).
|as |aac|caes ce| Ccaa|cr sca rec|sacas ea e| Re|ameatc
ce |a |e, |cresta|, arccacc cr cecretc saremc 014-
2001-/0, |as ae ccmreacea.
a) asescrar a| m|a|strc ce /r|ca|tara ea |a |crma|ac|ca
e |m|emeatac|ca ce |a c||t|ca |cresta| , ce |aaaa
s||.estre,
c) c|aar resectc ce |a rcaesta ce| ||aa Nac|caa| ce
0esarrc||c |cresta| e|accracc cr e| |areaa,
c) c|aar ea |cs cemas asaatcs sccre mater|a |cresta| , ce
|aaaa s||.estre ae seaa scmet|ccs a sa ccas|cerac|ca, ,
c) e.a|aar e| |a|crme aaaa| sccre |a s|taac|ca ce |a act|-
.|cac |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre reseatacc cr e|
|areaa.
4
18 |ara ma,cr |a|crmac|ca sccre estas |astaac|as, aece .erse ||0/|00, ess|ca,
c. c|t., . 32-34.
4 / | / | N > ! | ! U C | 0 N / | | 0 / 0 | 0 R | > ! / | 31
|ese a |acer s|cc ccas|ceracc traas|tcr|ameate ea |a estrac-
tara ce |a |res|ceac|a ce| Ccasec ce ||a|strcs, e| 0s|a|cr |ae
|accrcracc a |a estractara craa|ca ce| |areaa mec|aate e|
cecretc saremc 004-2005-/0, ce 13 ce eaerc ce 2005
(aaa aae.a mcc|||cac|ca ce| Re|ameatc ce craa|zac|ca ,
|aac|caes ce| |areaa), aaa caaacc cac e| acmcre ce 0||c|aa
ce >aer.|s|ca ce |as Ccaces|caes |cresta|es |acerac|es
(0s|a|cr), ea |c ae ccast|ta,e aaa maestra ce .|c|ac|ca ce|
r|ac||c ce |ea||cac
19
.
|a este casc, aa cecretc saremc |a camc|acc |a ceac-
m|aac|ca ce| 0s|a|cr, ae ce ser e| 0raa|smc >aer.|scr
ce |cs Recarscs |cresta|es |acerac|es |a asacc a ser
|a 0||c|aa ce >aer.|s|ca ce |as Ccaces|caes |cresta|es
|acerac|es, maatea|eacc e| m|smc acrca|mc. /s|m|smc, |a
|e, |cresta| |ac|a c|saestc ae e| 0s|a|cr |crmara arte
ce |a |res|ceac|a ce| Ccasec ce ||a|strcs, , ac ce| |areaa,
ccmc estac|ece e| cecretc saremc 004-2005-/0.
|ara e| cam||m|eatc ce sa |aac|ca, estac|ec|ca ea |a
|e, |cresta| , ea |cs re|ameatcs, se |e |a reccacc|cc a
|a 0s|a|cr |aceeaceac|a ce |a |ateaceac|a |cresta| , ce
|aaaa >||.estre.
Ccrrescace a |a 0s|a|cr .er|||car e| cam||m|eatc ce |as
cc||ac|caes cr arte ce |cs t|ta|ares ce |cs cerec|cs ce
|a ccaces|ca |cresta| cca ||aes macerac|es, .e|aacc cr
e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es,
saer.|saacc , e.a|aaacc ea |crma er|cc|ca |cs |aaes ce
maaec |cresta|. |cr taatc, cca|crme a| Re|ameatc ce |a |e,
|cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre, |a 0s|a|cr se ccast|ta,e ea |a aa-
tcr|cac acm|a|strat|.a ccmeteate ara a||car |as saac|caes
acm|a|strat|.as ccrrescac|eates ea casc ce |acam||m|eatc
ce |cs ccatratcs ce ccaces|ca cca ||aes macerac|es , ce |cs
|aaes ce maaec |cresta| ccrrescac|eates.
|sta ceeaceac|a esta craa|zaca ea ccs aa|caces, aaa ce
|as caa|es es |a Ua|cac ce >aer.|s|ca, |.a|aac|ca , Ccatrc|,
ae esta eacaraca ce |a saer.|s|ca, e.a|aac|ca , ccatrc|
ce |cs ccatratcs ce ccaces|caes |cresta|es macerac|es, ce
|cs |aaes ce maaec |cresta| , |cs |aaes cerat|.cs aaaa|es
ccrrescac|eates, as| ccmc ce| arc.ec|am|eatc ce ctrcs
rccactcs ce| ccsae ea c|c|as ccaces|caes. |a seaaca
aa|cac es |a Ua|cac ce Rea|ac|ca , /saatcs Ncrmat|.cs,
ae es |a eacaraca ce e|accrar |as acrmas , rccec|-
m|eatcs ccm|emeatar|cs, cca e| rccs|tc ce rea|ar |as
cc||ac|caes ce| ccaces|caar|c , ce| ccaceceate, as| ccmc
ce saac|caar sa |acam||m|eatc.
4.2 Ia lntendencia lorestaI y de launa
SiIvestre
|a |c ae resecta a| |aac|caam|eatc cct|c|aac ce |a aatc-
r|cac |cresta| (erc ac sccre |cs ccatratcs ce ccaces|caes
|cresta|es cca ||aes macerac|es, ae sca ce ccmeteac|a
ce |a 0s|a|cr), cecemcs acac|r a |a estractara ce| |areaa,
ccace eaccatraremcs a |a |ateaceac|a |cresta| , ce |aaaa
>||.estre, |a |ateaceac|a ce Recarscs ||cr|ccs , |a |ateacea-
c|a ce /reas Natara|es |rcte|cas.
/c|c|caa|meate, e| art|ca|c 31 ce |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa
s||.estre as|aa a| |areaa aaa ser|e ce atr|cac|caes cr|ea-
19 Uaa |e, sc|c aece ser mcc|||caca cr ctra |e,, erc ea este casc aa cecretc
saremc |a mcc|||cacc |a ceacm|aac|ca ce| 0s|a|cr. |cr ctrc |acc, |a |e,
|cresta| c|sasc ae e| 0s|a|cr |aera arte ce |a |res|ceac|a ce| Ccasec
ce ||a|strcs, ac ce| |areaa.
32 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

tacas a ||e.ar ace|aate e| ccatrc| ce |a act|.|cac |cresta|,

|ac|a,eacc |a ctestac ce a||car saac|caes aate |a Ccm|s|ca
ce |a|racc|caes a |a Ncrmat|.a |cresta|. /s|, ea e| meac|c-
aacc art|ca|c ccemcs eaccatrar |c s|a|eate.
31.1 |cs mecaa|smcs ce ccatrc|, |as |a|racc|caes ,
saac|caes acm|a|strat|.as a ae estaa saetcs |cs ce-
ae||c|ar|cs ce ccaces|caes, aatcr|zac|caes , erm|scs,
se estac|ecea ea e| re|ameatc.
31.2 |as saac|caes acm|a|strat|.as se a||caa s|a
era|c|c ce |as acc|caes c|.||es , eaa|es a ae |a-
c|ere |aar.
31.3 |a |c||c|a Nac|caa| ce| |era (|N|) , sa craa|smc
esec|a||zacc ac,aa a |a aatcr|cac |cresta| , ce |aaaa
s||.estre ea |a re.eac|ca, |a.est|ac|ca , ceaaac|as ce
|as |a|racc|caes a |a reseate |e,.
31.4 |as aatcr|caces ce |cs cc|eracs re|caa|es,
|cca|es, , |a c|acacaa|a ea eaera|, cecea cr|acar a
|a aatcr|cac ccmeteate e| ac,c , |as |ac|||caces
aecesar|as ara sa acecaacc cam||m|eatc.
31.5 0eatrc ce |cs 50 (c|acaeata) |||cmetrcs ce |as
|rcateras, |as |aerzas /rmacas ac,aa a |a aatcr|cac
|cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre ea |a re.eac|ca , ccatrc|
ce act|.|caces ae ateataa c ccatra.|eaea |c c|saestc
ea |a reseate |e,.
|erc, ccmc |emcs meac|caacc, ea .|rtac ce ae e| Re|a-
meatc ce |a |e, |cresta| |ace aa c|st|ac eatre |as atr|ca-
c|caes ce |a 0s|a|cr, re|er|cas a |as ccaces|caes |cresta|es
cca ||aes macerac|es, , |as ae ccrrescacea a| |areaa,
cecemcs ccas|cerar ae amcas eat|caces caeataa cca
ta|es atr|cac|caes ea |c ae |es ccrrescaca.
0e maaera mas esec|||ca, e| Re|ameatc ce craa|zac|ca ,
|aac|caes ce| |areaa ce||ae ea sa art|ca|c 30 |as atr|cac|caes
, |aac|caes ce |a |ateaceac|a |cresta| , ce |aaaa >||.estre,
caaacc e\resa ae esta es e| craac eacaracc ce rcc-
aer c||t|cas, |aaes, rcramas, rc,ectcs , acrmas sccre
e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es ,
ce |aaaa s||.estre, cca art|c|ac|ca ce tcccs |cs aeates ce
|a caceaa rccact|.a, as| ccmc ce saer.|sar , ccatrc|ar e|
cam||meatc ce |cs m|smcs, acemas ce rcteer |a c|.ers|-
cac c|c|c|ca s||.estre. |a |ateaceac|a |cresta| , ce |aaaa
>||.estre esta a carc ce aa |aac|caar|c ce cca||aaza, cca |a
catecr|a ce |ateaceate, e| caa| ceeace erara|cameate
ce |a 0|recc|ca ce| |areaa.
0acc ae saer.|sar , ccatrc|ar |a act|.|cac |cresta| ea aa
terr|tcr|c taa am||c resa|ta aaa tarea |mcs|c|e, e| art|ca|c
32 ce| Re|ameatc ce craa|zac|ca , |aac|caes ce| |areaa
crea craacs cesccaceatraccs ce esta |ateaceac|a.
|a |ateaceac|a |cresta| , ce |aaaa >||.estre caeata cca
reseac|a a a|.e| |cca| ea tccc e| a|s, a tra.es ce |as
c||c|aas cesccaceatracas a carc ce aa acm|a|straccr
teca|cc |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre, |as caa|es se ccas-
t|ta,ea ea .|rtac a |as caeacas ||crcra||cas ce| a|s ,
a |as aeces|caces ce caca zcaa ecra||ca.
|stas |astaac|as estaa a carc ce aa acm|a|straccr
teca|cc ca,a |aac|ca es eecatar |cs rcramas, rc-
,ectcs , act|.|caces cr|eataccs a |a rcmcc|ca ce|
arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e , ccaser.ac|ca ce |cs
recarscs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa s||.estre, ea e| amc|tc ce
sa ccmeteac|a , cca arre|c a |a |e|s|ac|ca .|eate.
|cs acm|a|straccres teca|ccs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa
s||.estre maat|eaea aaa cccrc|aac|ca ermaaeate cca
e| rereseataate ce| |areaa a a|.e| re|caa|, ea taatc
ae erara|ca, teca|ca , |aac|caa|meate ceeacea ce|
|ateaceate |cresta| , ce |aaaa >||.estre, a|ea rccae
sa ces|aac|ca mec|aate resc|ac|ca e|atara|.
0e acaercc cca |a |ateaceac|a |cresta| , ce |aaaa >||.estre,
e\|stea a| aac 2005 aa tcta| ce 21 /cm|a|strac|caes !eca|cas
|cresta|es , ce |aaaa >||.estre (/!||>), c|str|ca|cas ea 91
seces, cca|crme se arec|a ea e| s|a|eate caacrc.
4 / | / | N > ! | ! U C | 0 N / | | 0 / 0 | 0 R | > ! / | 33
/cm|a|strac|caes !eca|cas |cresta|es , ce |aaaa >||.estre, 2005
/!||> >ece 0eartameatc |rc.|ac|a 0|str|tc
/mazcaas
baaa 0raace /mazcaas Utcacamca baaa 0raace
Ccaccrcaaa| /mazcaas Ccaccrcaaa| /baaa baaa (C||ca)
C|ac|ac,as /mazcaas C|ac|ac,as C|ac|ac,as
R. ce |eaccza /mazcaas Rccr|aez ce |eaccza >aa N|cc|as
/acas|
>aata /acas| >aata >aata
|aarme, /acas| |aarme, |aarme,
|aaraz /acas| |aaraz |aaraz
/ar|mac /caaca, /ar|mac /caaca, /caaca,
/rea|a
Cara.e|| /rea|a Cara.e|| Cara.e||
/|ac /rea|a Cast|||a /|ac
/rea|a /rea|a /rea|a /rea|a
/ta|a,a
>ea|aa Uca,a|| /ta|a,a >ea|aa
bc|caes| Uca,a|| /ta|a,a !a|aaa|a
/ta|a,a Uca,a|| /ta|a,a Ra,mcac|
/,a.|r|
/,a.|r| |aac |e|ar /,a.|r|
|acasaa| |aac Caraca,a |acasaa|
>aac|a |aac >aac|a >aac|a
Caamarca
>aa |aac|c Caamarca >aa |aac|c >aa |aac|c
aea Caamarca aea aea
Cater.c Caamarca Cater.c Cater.c
bamcamarca Caamarca |aa|a,cc bamcamarca
Caamarca Caamarca Caamarca Caamarca
C|||ete Caamarca Ccatamaza C|||ete
Caacamca Caamarca Caacamca Caacamca
Ccatamaaa Ccatamaaa |cretc Uca,a|| Ccatamaaa
Cascc
Qa|||acamca Cascc |a Cca.eac|ca >aata /aa
Qcsc Cascc Cascc Cascc
Qa|acem|| Cascc Qa|s|caac||s Camaat|
|aaaacc
|a Ua|ca |aaaacc 0cs ce |a,c |a Ua|ca
|aaaacc |aaaacc |aaaacc |aaaacc
Cerrc ce |ascc |ascc |ascc C|aa|marca
|ca
C||ac|a /|ta |ca C||ac|a C||ac|a /|ta
|ca |ca |ca |ca
Nazca |ca Nazca Nazca
|a|tcs
|s|aac|a |cretc |ar|sca| Ramca Cast|||a \a.ar|
|azaa |cretc |a,aas |azaa
|a|tcs |cretc |a,aas |a|tcs
Naata |cretc |cretc Naata
|ecas |cretc |ar|sca| Ramca Cast|||a |ecas
>aa |ac|c |cretc |ar|sca| Ramca Cast|||a Ramca Cast|||a
|a ||certac
!ra|||c |a ||certac !ra|||c !ra|||c
0tazcc |a ||certac 0tazcc 0tazcc
|aamac|acc |a ||certac >aac|ez Carr|ca |aamac|acc
|amca,eae
C||c|a,c |amca,eae C||c|a,c C||c|a,c
0|mcs |amca,eae |amca,eae 0|mcs
34 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

||ma
|aaraz ||ma |aara| |aara|
||ma Cercacc ||ma ||ma ||ma
|ar|a ||ma ||ma |ar|a
|caeaa-
!acaa
|ar|sca| N|etc |caeaa |ar|sca| N|etc |caeaa
cre basacre !acaa cre basacre |ccamca
!acaa !acaa !acaa !acaa
|aca||a
|seraaza Uca,a|| |aras |aras
|aca||a Uca,a|| Ccrcae| |crt|||c Ca||er|a
/aa,t|a Uca,a|| |acre /cac |acre /cac
|aac
a||aca |aac >aa Rcmaa a||aca
|aac |aac |aac |aac
|aaacaae |aac |aaacaae |aaacaae
Reaeaa Reaeaa |cretc Reaeaa Reaeaa
>aa |art|a
!ccac|e >aa |art|a !ccac|e !ccac|e
|c,ccamca >aa |art|a |c,ccamca |c,ccamca
>aa |art|a >aa |art|a || 0cracc >aa |art|a
||ccta >aa |art|a ||ccta ||ccta
aaaa| >aa |art|a |ar|sca| Caceres aaaa|
>e|.a Ceatra|
|scczac|a |ascc 0\aama |a|caza
0\aama |ascc 0\aama 0\aama
\|||a R|ca |ascc 0\aama \|||a R|ca
|aertc bermacez |ascc 0\aama |aertc bermacez
|a |ercec aa|a C|aac|ama,c C|aac|ama,c
>at|c aa|a >at|c >at|c
C|acac Ccast|tac|ca |ascc 0\aama |aertc bermacez
>|erra Ceatra|
|aaaca,c aa|a |aaaca,c |aaaca,c
|aaaca.e||ca |aaaca.e||ca |aaaca.e||ca |aaaca.e||ca
>aa |raac|scc /,acac|c |a |ar /,aa
/,acac|c /,acac|c |aamaaa /,acac|c
!a|aamaaa
|aaar| |acre ce 0|cs !a|aamaaa |aaar|
|cer|a |acre ce 0|cs !a|aamaaa |cer|a
/|erta |acre ce 0|cs !a|aamaaa !a|aamaaa
|a.||a |acre ce 0|cs !amccata |as ||ecras
!amccata-
|aaa
|aertc |a|ccaacc |acre ce 0|cs !amccata !amccata
|aaa |acre ce 0|cs |aaa |aaa
!|ac |ar|a
!|ac |ar|a |aaaacc |ecac|c |racc Raa-Raa
|aertc |aca |aaaacc |aertc |aca |aertc |aca
!amces-||ara
!amces !amces !amces !amces
>a||aaa ||ara >a||aaa >a||aaa
/,acaca ||ara /,acaca /,acaca
||ara ||ara ||ara ||ara
C|a|acaaas ||ara |crrcca C|a|acaaas
|aaacacamca ||ara |aaacacamca |aaacacamca
\ar|maaas
barraaca |cretc /|tc /mazcaas barraaca
\ar|maaas |cretc /|tc /mazcaas \ar|maaas
|aaaas |cretc /|tc /mazcaas |aaaas
|oooto: l||||/, |tt://....|oooa.ob.o/coooo|cac|ooos/o|octo|o_ov|oc|as_at||s.|to>.
4 / | / | N > ! | ! U C | 0 N / | | 0 / 0 | 0 R | > ! / | 35
Ccmc se aece arec|ar ce |a arte ||aa| ce| art|ca|c 32 aa-
tes c|tacc, |cs acm|a|straccres teca|ccs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa
s||.estre ceeacea erara|ca, teca|ca , |aac|caa|meate ce|
|ateaceate |cresta| , ce |aaaa >||.estre, s|taac|ca c|st|ata a
|a ce |cs acm|a|straccres teca|ccs ce |cs c|str|tcs ce r|ec,
a|eaes acm|a|strat|.ameate ceeacea ce |as 0|recc|caes
Re|caa|es, |c ae |ae.|tac|emeate eaera teas|caes.
/ esar ce sa |mcrtaate aamerc, se ccser.a ea |a rac-
t|ca ae |as /cm|a|strac|caes !eca|cas |cresta|es , ce
|aaaa >||.estre t|eaea aaa caac|cac ma, recac|ca ara
rescacer a |cs aamercscs cesa||cs ce |a saer.|s|ca ,
ccatrc| ce| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es.
|||c t|eae ae .er cca restr|cc|caes ea caaatc a erscaa| ,
recarscs mater|a|es , |amaacs. >ccre estc .c|.eremcs ea
|as a|aas s|a|eates.
4.3 Ia participacin de Ios gobiernos
regionaIes
Caa| es e| .|aca|c ae maat|eaea |cs craacs cesccacea-
traccs ce |a |ateaceac|a |cresta| , ce |aaaa >||.estre cca
|cs cc|eracs re|caa|es , ae art|c|ac|ca |e tcca a este
a|.e| ce cc|erac ea mater|a |cresta|`, sca |aterrcaates
ae cecemcs e\am|aar a |a |az ce |as acrmas sccre ces-
ceatra||zac|ca.
|a Ccast|tac|ca ce 1993 |aec ce |a mcc|||cac|ca rea||-
zaca cr |a |e, 2180 seaa|a ea e| |ac|sc 1 ce| art|ca|c
192 ae |cs cc|eracs re|caa|es sca ccmeteates ara
|rcmc.er , rea|ar act|.|caces ,/c ser.|c|cs ea mater|a ce
ar|ca|tara, esaer|a, |acastr|a, arc|acastr|a, ccmerc|c,
tar|smc, eaer|a, m|aer|a, .|a||cac, ccmaa|cac|caes, ecaca-
c|ca, sa|ac , mec|c amc|eate, cca|crme a |e,.
|a |e, 2181, craa|ca ce cc|eracs re|caa|es, arc-
caca e| 8 ce ac.|emcre ce 2002, cesarrc||a |as acrmas
ccast|tac|caa|es ea mater|a ce cesceatra||zac|ca , esec|-
||cameate |as re|er|cas a |a craa|zac|ca , ccmeteac|as ce
|cs cc|eracs re|caa|es. || t|ta|c |\ ce |a |e, ceta||a ccmc
|aac|caes eaera|es ce estcs cc|eracs |a |aac|ca acrma-
t|.a , rea|accra, |a |aac|ca ce |aaeam|eatc, |a |aac|ca
acm|a|strat|.a , eecatcra, |a |aac|ca ce rcmcc|ca ce |as
|a.ers|caes , |a |aac|ca ce saer.|s|ca, e.a|aac|ca , ccatrc|,
rec|saacc ae se eerceraa cca saec|ca a| crceaam|eatc
ar|c|cc estac|ec|cc cr |a Ccast|tac|ca, |a |e, ce cases ce
cesceatra||zac|ca , cemas |e,es ce |a Reac||ca.
|aec, ea aa ||stacc ce |aac|caes esec|||cas cr sectcres,
e| art|ca|c 51 ce |a |e, 2181 estac|ece |as |aac|caes es-
ec|||cas ce |cs cc|eracs re|caa|es ea mater|a arar|a. |a
esta am||a ||sta cestaca |a ccatea|ca ea e| |ac|sc ), e| caa|
ea mater|a |cresta| |es reccacce |a |aac|ca c atr|cac|ca ce
ctcrar erm|scs, aatcr|zac|caes , ccaces|caes |cresta|es,
ea areas ce| |ater|cr ce |a re|ca.
Resa|ta e.|ceate ae esta ccmeteac|a ceceraa eercer|a |cs
cc|eracs re|caa|es ea cccrc|aac|ca cca |a c||t|ca aac|caa|
, sectcr|a| (ea este casc, |a c||t|ca |cresta|), erc tamc|ea,
ae se |es reccaccea |aca|taces ma,cres ae |as ae se
|es ctcraa ea e| camc ce |a rea|ac|ca , maaec ce |cs
recarscs ||cr|ccs
20
. Uaa s|taac|ca s|m||ar aece arec|arse
ea mater|a ce eaer|a, m|aas e ||crccarcarcs (art|ca|c 59),
ccace se |es reccacce |a ccmeteac|a ce ctcrar ccaces|c-
aes ara m|a|ceatra|es ce eaerac|ca e|ectr|ca.
|cr sa arte, |as acrmas sccre e| rccesc ce traas|ereac|a
ce |aac|caes ce| 0cc|erac aac|caa| a |cs cc|eracs re|c-
aa|es, em|t|cas ara e| aac 2004 , ccatea|cas ea e| ||aa
/aaa| ce !raas|ereac|a ce Ccmeteac|as >ectcr|a|es a |cs
0cc|eracs Re|caa|es , |cca|es ce| /ac 2004 arccacc
cr cecretc saremc 038-2004-|C|, ac||cacc e| 12 ce
ma,c ce 2004, ccatem|aa ae.
20 |aece .erse e| aamerc 20 ce| |a|crmat|.c |ea| /rar|c, ae accrca estcs
temas, as| ccmc, ara ma,cr ceta||e, 0|| C/>!|||0, |aareaac, Ua ccaseasc
.|ta|. |ac|a aa s|stema ce est|ca ccmart|ca , cesceatra||zaca ce| aaa,
||ma, 0e|eascr|a ce| |aec|c, 2004.
3 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

|as |aac|caes a traas|er|rse ea mater|a arar|a, cca-

|crme a| te\tc ce| art|ca|c 51 ce |a |e, craa|ca ce
cc|eracs re|caa|es, sca |as s|a|eates.
a. |crma|ar, arccar, eecatar, e.a|aar, c|r||r, cca-
trc|ar , acm|a|strar |cs |aaes , c||t|cas ce |a re|ca
ea mater|a arar|a, ea ccaccrcaac|a cca |as c||t|cas
aac|caa|es , |cs |aaes sectcr|a|es , |as rcaestas
rcmcc|caa|es ce cesarrc||c rara| ce arte ce |as
maa|c|a||caces rara|es.
|...]
c. |rcmc.er |a traas|crmac|ca, ccmerc|a||zac|ca,
e\cr tac|ca , ccasamc ce rccactcs aatara|es ,
arc|acastr|a|es ce |a re|ca.
|...]
|. |rcmc.er |a rc.|s|ca ce recarscs ||aaac|ercs r|.a-
ccs a |as emresas , craa|zac|caes ce |a re|ca, cca
ea|as|s ea |as m|crc, eaeaas , mec|aaas emresas ,
|as aa|caces rccact|.as cr|eatacas a |a e\crtac|ca.
|. ||aa|||car, rcmc.er , ccacertar cca e| sectcr r|.acc
|a e|accrac|ca ce |aaes , rc,ectcs ce cesarrc||c
arar|c , arc|acastr|a|.
|a e| ||aa ce !raas|ereac|as >ectcr|a| 2005-2009, arccacc
ea marzc ce 2005 cr e| Ccasec 0|rect|.c ce| Ccasec
Nac|caa| ce 0esceatra||zac|ca, e| |areaa |a rcaestc
traas|er|r ccs |aca|taces re|ac|caacas cca e| |aaeam|eatc ,
ccatrc| |cresta|, , c|ec|aae.e |aca|taces re|at|.as a |a acm|-
a|strac|ca |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre. |stas traas|ereac|as
se e|ectaar|aa ea tres |ases, |cs aacs 2005, 200 , 2001,
cca|crme a| s|a|eate ceta||e
21
.
/ac 2005.
|. rccaer , eecatar rcramas , rc,ectcs cr|eataccs
a| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es
, ce |aaaa s||.estre,
||. |m|emeatar |cs s|stemas ce re|strc |cresta| , ce |aaaa
s||.estre, cca |a|crmac|ca actaa||zaca , cca||ac|e,
|||. cerat|.cs ce ccatrc|,
|.. cca|crmac|ca ce ccm|tes ce est|ca ce ccsaes,
.. ctcrar ccatratcs ce acm|a|strac|ca ce ccsaes |cca-
|es,
.|. saer.|s|ca ce |as ccaces|caes |cresta|es cca ||aes
macerac|es,
.||. ccatrc|ar e| tra||cc ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es , ce |aaaa
s||.estre,
.|||. saer.|s|ca a zcccr|acercs, zcc|c|ccs, ceatrcs ce
rescate, ceatrcs ce castcc|a temcra| , areas ce |aaaa
s||.estre,
|\. rea||zar cerat|.cs ara e| ccatrc| ce |a ta|a ||ea|,
\. cerat|.cs ce ccatrc|, ,
\|. saer.|sar |cs s|stemas ce ccatrc| , .|||aac|a |cres-
ta|.
/ac 200.
\||. saer.|s|ca a zcccr|acercs, zcc|c|ccs, ceatrcs ce
rescate, ceatrcs ce castcc|a temcra| , areas ce maaec
ce |aaaa s||.estre,
\|||. ctcrar , saer.|sar aatcr|zac|caes ce caza ccmerc|a|
c cecrt|.a, ,
\|.. saer.|s|ca a zcccr|acercs, zcc|c|ccs, ceatrcs ce
rescate, ceatrcs ce castcc|a temcra| , areas ce maaec
ce |aaaa s||.estre.
/ac 2001.
\.. aatcr|zac|caes ce cesccsae ara cerac|caes ,
act|.|caces c|st|atas a |as |cresta|es,
\.|. saer.|s|ca ce ccaces|caes |cresta|es c||ereates a |as
ce macera (|ac|a|ca |aaaa s||.estre),
\.||. ctcrar aatcr|zac|caes ea ascc|ac|caes .eeta|es,
ctcrar aatcr|zac|caes ea ccsaes seccs,
\.|||. ctcrar aatcr|zac|caes ce arcc|es , arcastcs arrastra-
ccs, ,
\|\. ctcrar ccatratcs ce acm|a|strac|ca ce ccsaes |cca-
|es.
>e esera ae ea |cs rc\|mcs meses se araece e| ||aa
ce !raas|ereac|as a |cs 0cc|eracs Re|caa|es ara e| /ac
2005 ccace se cca||rmea |as traas|ereac|as rcaes-
tas, , ae e| rccesc ccat|aae s|a |aterrac|caes ea |cs
aacs s|a|eates.
|cr ctra arte, es ma, rccac|e ae |a cca|crmac|ca ce
|as re|caes, |aec ce| re|ereacam ae se rea||zara e|
30 ce cctacre ce 2005, ac |m||ae ma,cres ac.ecaces
ea mater|a |cresta|, cacc ae |cs cear tameatcs cca
ma,cres e\teas|caes ce ccsaes amazca|ccs ac estaa
|ac|a|ccs ea |cs e\ec|eates ce cca|crmac|ca ce re|caes
,, cr taatc, sas cc|accres ac seraa ccasa|taccs ea esta
ccrtaa|cac.
21 !cmacc ce| ||aa ce traas|ereac|as sectcr|a| ce| a|aaea|c 2005-2009,
0ccameatc ce tracac a.
c
1, ||ma, 0rac |rcaesta C|acacaaa, acr|| 2005,
. 25 , 2.
5 / | 0 > C 0 N | | | C ! 0 > C 0 N | / > C 0 | U N | 0 / 0 | > N / ! | \ / > 31
|| cesccacc|m|eatc ce |a reseac|a ce aec|cs |ac|eaas
ea |a re|ca amazca|ca |a s|cc aaa ccastaate ea aaestra
||stcr|a reac||caaa. |asta |ace re|at|.ameate ccc t|emc
se sea|a ccas|ceraacc a |a se|.a eraaaa ccmc aa emcr|c
ce r|aeza, cca aa cteac|a| ar|cc|a |a||a|tc , acemas ces-
cc|aca. |c, sacemcs ae |a ma,cr arte ce |as t|erras ce
|a se|.a sca atas ara |a |crester|a, ae sa caac|cac ce
sccrtar ca|t|.cs es ma, recac|ca, erc |c ae aaa resa|ta
mas c|||c|| ce camc|ar es |a |cea ce |a aaseac|a ce cc|accres
ea |a zcaa. /cemas ce |a raa caat|cac ce m|raates ae se
|aa aseatacc ea |a /mazca|a ea |as a|t|mas cecacas, cace
meac|caar, ea r|mer term|ac, ara e||m|aar esa creeac|a, |a
reseac|a ce ccmaa|caces aat|.as , aec|cs |ac|eaas ea
s|taac|ca ce ccatactc |a|c|a| , ce a|s|am|eatc .c|aatar|c.
Reccrcemcs ae |ae |a Ccast|tac|ca ce 1920 |a ae cr
r|mera .ez se ccac ce |as ccmaa|caces ce |ac|eaas,
reccacc|eacc sa e\|steac|a |ea|, |c ae |ae cca||rmacc ,
am||acc ea |as saces|.as ccast|tac|caes ce 1933, 1919
, 1993.
|as rec|eatemeate, ea 194 ccmc meac|caa |raac|scc
ba||ca, |a |e, 15031, ce re|crma arar|a, ceterm|aaca
|a |aa|ectac|||cac ce |as t|erras ccaacas cr |as tr|cas
accr|eaes ce |a se|.a ea tcca |a e\teas|ca ae rea|eraa
ara cacr|r |as aeces|caces ce sa cc|ac|ca. /cemas, ce
acaercc cca esa acrma |ea|, se cecer|a rccecer cca |aa|
re|ereac|a a ctcrar|es |cs t|ta|cs ce rc|ecac ccrresca-
c|eates (art|ca|cs 31 ce |a |e, , 51 ce sa re|ameatc)
22
.
S.1 fI aprovechamiento deI bosque
|ara |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as aseatacas ea |as re|caes
ce se|.a , cea ce se|.a, e| rcc|ema cca |a |e|s|ac|ca
|cresta| se |aatea ea re|ac|ca cca e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce|
ccsae, aes taatc esta ccmc |a |e|s|ac|ca esec|||ca ara
estas ccmaa|caces, acemas ce ctras acrmas (ccmc |a |e,
ce t|erras), cec|araa |a aeces|cac ce e |ac|asc ser ce
|ateres aac|caa| ca|m|aar cca e| saaeam|eatc , t|ta|ac|ca
ce sas t|erras. |a |crma mas rec|sa, cca |a arccac|ca ea
1914 ce |a r|mera |e, ce ccmaa|caces aat|.as, cecretc
|e, 2053, se estac|ec|c aa tratam|eatc esec|a| a |a.cr ce
estas ccmaa|caces.
|a aae| mcmeatc se ccac|ce |a eatrea ce |cs t|ta|cs
ce rc|ecac, acarcaacc ceatrc ce |a rc|ecac ccma-
aa| e| ccaaatc ce recarscs ae e||as at|||zaa, , |aaca-
meata|meate |cs ae sca |cs recarscs mas |mcrtaates.
|cs |cresta|es. 0e mccc ta| ae |a rc|ecac eatreaca
a aaa ccmaa|cac aat|.a acarcaca |as t|erras ca,c asc
era arcecaar|c , |as t|erras ca,c asc era |cresta|, c
|as t|erras ae ac|eraa ser ce rctecc|ca
23
.
|erc ccmc |emcs .|stc ea e| aatc 3.1 ce este |a|crma-
t|.c |ea| /rar|c |aec ce ae ea 1915 se arccara |a
r|mera |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre, ese esaema |ae
mcc|||cacc sastaac|a|meate mec|aate |a arccac|ca ce |a
|e, ce ccmaa|caces aat|.as ce 1918, cecretc |e, 22115.
/ art|r ce |a .|eac|a ce esta, e| t|ta|c sc|c |es reccacce
a |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as |a rc|ecac ce |as t|erras cca
.ccac|ca arcecaar|a, m|eatras ae |as areas cca .ccac|ca
|cresta| se |es eatrear|aa cac aa ccatratc ce ces|ca ea
asc (art|ca|c 11 ce| cecretc |e, 22115).
|ara ccmeasar esta |crma ce restr|cc|ca terr|tcr|a|, |a
|e, ce ccmaa|caces aat|.as |es reccacce ea e| art|ca|c 21
r|cr|cac ea |a ccteac|ca ce ccatratcs ce e\|crac|ca |c-
resta|, e\tracc|ca |cresta| , re|crestac|ca. || camc|c resa|ta,
eatcaces, ma, c|arc. |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as rec|cea aa
t|ta|c ce rc|ecac sccre |as t|erras cca at|tac arce-
caar|a ae cseea, , ccatratcs ce ces|ca ea asc sccre |as
areas cca at|tac |cresta|.
|| esaema cescr|tc ea e| arra|c aater|cr |ae camc|acc
cca |a aae.a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre, arccaca
ea e| aac 2000, |a caa|, ccmc |emcs .|stc, erm|te e|
arc.ec|am|eatc ce |cs recarscs |cresta|es a tra.es ce
ccaces|caes (macerac|es , ac macerac|es), erm|scs
, aatcr|zac|caes. |sta |e, ac meac|caa |cs ccatratcs ce
ces|ca ea asc , |es e\|e a |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as ccatar
cca |cs ccrrescac|eates |aaes ce maaec s| as|raa a|
Los confctos con us
comundudos nutvus
5
22 b/||0N, |raac|scc, |a aae.a ccaa|sta ce |a /mazca|a, c. c|t., . 5.
23 b/||0N, |raac|scc, Recarscs aatara|es , ccmaa|caces aat|.as. |e|s|ac|ca
, c||t|ca, ea Ccmaa|caces cames|aas , aat|.as. Ncrmat|.|cac ,
cesarrc||c, ||ma, |aacac|ca |r|ecr|c| Naamaaa , >er.|c|cs |cacat|.cs
Rara|es, 1989, . 105.
38 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

arc.ec|am|eatc ce recarscs macerac|es, ac macerac|es

, ce |aaaa s||.estre.
|a |e, 2821, craa|ca ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e
ce |cs recarscs aatara|es, ce aa|c ce 1991, se re||r|c a |as
ccmaa|caces cames|aas , aat|.as, ea art|ca|ar ea |cs
art|ca|cs 11 , 18, seaa|aacc ea e| r|merc ce e||cs.
|cs |ac|taates ce aaa zcaa ecra||ca, esec|a|meate
|cs m|emcrcs ce |as ccmaa|caces cames|aas , aat|.as,
aecea ceae||c|arse, rata|tameate , s|a e\c|as|.|cac,
ce |cs recarscs aatara|es ce ||cre accesc ce| eatcrac
ac,aceate a sas t|erras, ara sat|s|acer sas aeces|ca-
ces ce sacs|steac|a , ascs r|taa|es, s|emre ae ac
e\|staa cerec|cs e\c|as|.cs c e\c|a,eates ce tercercs
c reser.a ce| |stacc. |as mcca||caces aacestra|es ce
asc ce |cs recarscs aatara|es sca reccacc|cas, s|emre
ae ac ccatra.eaaa |as acrmas sccre rctecc|ca ce|
amc|eate.
|| ceae||c|c s|a e\c|as|.|cac ac aece ser caestc
a tercercs, |ascr|tc a| re|.|ac|cacc. !erm|aa caaacc
e| |stacc ctcra |cs recarscs aatara|es mater|a ce|
ceae||c|c |...]
|a acrma traascr|ta es c|ara. e| arc.ec|am|eatc rata|tc
ce |cs recarscs aatara|es cr |as ccmaa|caces esta saetc
a aaa ccac|c|ca |aacameata|. ae ac |a,a cerec|cs ce
tercercs. >| |cs |a,, ese arc.ec|am|eatc ac |es aece ser
caestc. /c|c|caa|meate, e| ceae||c|c ce |a rata|cac ce ese
arc.ec|am|eatc sc|c r|e s| este t|eae cr ||a sat|s|acer
sas aeces|caces ce sacs|steac|a , sas ascs r|taa|es, ac s|
se trata ce aa arc.ec|am|eatc ccmerc|a|.
|| art|ca|c 18 ce |a |e, 2821, cr sa arte, se re||ere a
|a re|ereac|a ae t|eaea |as ccmaa|caces cames|aas ,
aat|.as ea e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs
aatara|es ce sas t|erras, cec|cameate t|ta|acas, sa|.c e\re-
sa reser.a ce| |stacc c cerec|cs e\c|as|.cs c e\c|a,eates
ce tercercs. Reccrcemcs, ac ccstaate, ae |a |e, sectcr|a|,
ea este casc |a |e, |cresta|, trae aaa acrma mac|c mas
rec|sa, ccatea|ca ea e| art|ca|c 12.
|as ccmaa|caces aat|.as , cames|aas, re.|c a|
arc.ec|am|eatc ce sas recarscs macerac|es, ac
macerac|es , ce |aaaa s||.estre cca ||aes |acastr|a|es
, ccmerc|a|es, ceceraa ccatar cca sa |aa ce maaec
arccacc cr e| |areaa, ce acaercc a |cs rea|s|tcs
ae seaa|e e| re|ameatc, a ||a ce araat|zar e| arc-
.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce c|c|cs recarscs.
|a aatcr|cac ccmeteate asescrara , as|st|ra, cca
caracter r|cr|tar|c, a |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as , cam-
es|aas ara e| ||a aates seaa|acc.
|as acrmas traascr|tas sacaea, eatcaces, e| reccacc|m|ea-
tc ce |a ccmaa|cac aat|.a, erc acemas, ccmc ea e| casc ce|
art|ca|c 18 ce |a |e, 2821, ae |as t|erras ce |a ccmaa|cac
estea cec|cameate t|ta|acas. Re|teraacc |a cec|arac|ca
|ec|a cr .ar|as ctras acrmas |ea|es, e| art|ca|c 25 ce|
Re|ameatc ce |a |e, ce t|erras c|scae. || ||a|ster|c ce
/r|ca|tara, a tra.es ce| |rc,ectc |sec|a| !|ta|ac|ca ce
!|erras , Catastrc Rara| ||!!, e|accra e| catastrc ce
|as ccmaa|caces aat|.as , |es ctcra e| ccrrescac|eate
t|ta|c ce rc|ecac, ea amccs cascs ea |crma rata|ta.
/|cra c|ea, a azar cr |as c||ras ce| ||!!, |a tarea ce
|crma||zac|ca ce |a rc|ecac ce |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as
esta castaate a.aazaca.
S.2 TituIacin comunaI
>eaa e| 0|rectcr|c ce ccmaa|caces aat|.as, 1999
(e|accracc cr e| ||!!), a ese aac se |ac|aa |ascr|tc
c||c|a|meate 1 25 ccmaa|caces aat|.as acarcaacc aa
tcta| ce 38 188,23 |a, ccataacc 1 115 ce e||as
cca |a ccrrescac|eate t|ta|ac|ca ce sas t|erras. 0e este
rac, taa sc|c 1 010 |ac|aa |ascr|tc sas t|ta|cs ea |cs
re|strcs ac||ccs.
0ece ccas|cerarse tamc|ea |a s|taac|ca ce |as ccmaa|caces
aat|.as reccacc|cas ae |aa sc||c|tacc |a am||ac|ca ce sas
t|erras, am||ac|ca ae, tras |arcs aacs ce tram|tac|ca,
resa|ta acetaca, erc cca e| rcc|ema ce ae e| area
am||aca se saercae a t|erras ,a t|ta|acas. bastaate
mas cca|||ct|.a es |a saercs|c|ca ce t|ta|cs cca |cs ce
ctras ccmaa|caces aat|.as c cca t|ta|cs ctcraccs a |cs
cc|cacs.
|cr ctrc |acc, a |a |a|ta ce t|ta|ac|ca ce |as ccmaa|caces
aat|.as sccre sas t|erras cece aaac|rse |a res|ca ce
|cs m|raates. |a e|ectc, cec|cc a| ccastaate rccesc ce
m|rac|ca |ateraa .|.|cc ea |as a|t|mas cecacas , a |a raa
|a|crma||cac e\|steate ea e| a|s, ea mac|as zcaas ce |a
re|ca amazca|ca esec|a|meate ea |a cea ce se|.a se
|aa aseatacc cc|accres , cc|cacs, sasc|taaccse aa
cca|||ctc scc|a|, sccre tccc cca |as ccmaa|caces aat|.as,
|asa||c|eatemeate tratacc ea |a |e|s|ac|ca , ae |a ||e.acc a
s|taac|caes e\tremas (ccmc |a maerte ce cc|cacs, ea ecca
ma, rec|eate, cec|cc a |a ccaac|ca ||ea| ce |as t|erras ce
|a ccmaa|cac aat|.a ce |cs Naraacs, ea aea).
|a |a||aeac|a ce a|aaas c|r|eac|as re|caa|es , aac|caa|es
esta ||e.aacc a sc||c|tar e| reccacc|m|eatc ce| cerec|c ce
rc|ecac ce |a |ater|cac ce| terr|tcr|c, |c ae ac esta e\ea-
tc ce rcc|emas. /s|, ea e| /aterc,ectc ce |e, ce aec|cs
cr||aar|cs , ccmaa|caces cames|aas e |ac|eaas ce| |era
e|accracc , ac||cacc cr |a /scc|ac|ca |atereta|ca ara
5 / | 0 > C 0 N | | | C ! 0 > C 0 N | / > C 0 | U N | 0 / 0 | > N / ! | \ / > 39
e| 0esarrc||c ce |a >e|.a |eraaaa (/|0|>||), |a Cca|ecera-
c|ca ce Nac|caa||caces ce |a /mazca|a |eraaaa (C0N/|), |a
Cca|ecerac|ca Cames|aa ce| |era (CC|) , |a Cca|ecerac|ca
Nac|caa| /rar|a (CN/), ccmc arte ce| tracac ce |a Ccm|-
s|ca Re.|scra ce |a |e|s|ac|ca ce Ccmaa|caces Cames|aas
, Nat|.as
24
se seaa|a ae e| terr|tcr|c ccmreace |a
tcta||cac ce| |ac|tat, eateac|eaccse este ccmc |a saer||c|e,
e| sacsae|c, e| esac|c aerec , tcccs |cs recarscs aatara|es
ae se eacaeatrea ea e| (art|ca|c 44).
/aaae cece acetarse ae |a |e|s|ac|ca eraaaa, cr |c
meacs cesce 1914, asa cas| |ac|st|atameate |cs term|acs
t|erra , terr|tcr|c (|cs ae ea .ercac t|eaea c|st|atcs s|a|-
||caccs), |a acc|ca ce terr|tcr|c ae |aatea esta rcaesta
cc||s|caa cca e| crceaam|eatc .|eate. || reccacc|m|eatc a
|as ccmaa|caces ce |a rc|ecac ce sas terr|tcr|cs ac s|-
a|||ca reccaccer |a ce |cs recarscs e\|steates ea e||cs, aes
cesce |a ecca cc|ca|a| (|ac|asc caraate e| |acaaatc) estcs
eraa ccas|ceraccs ccmc rc|ecac ce| scceraac, , a|cra
|c sca ce |a aac|ca. /cemas, |a c|st|ac|ca eatre e| cerec|c
ce rc|ecac sccre |a t|erra , |a rc|ecac ce |cs recarscs
aatara|es esta cesarrc||aca ac sc|c ea |as ccast|tac|caes
c||t|cas ce 1933, 1919 , 1993, s|ac ea e| ccaaatc ce |a
|e|s|ac|ca sccre recarscs aatara|es , mec|c amc|eate,
, ctras |e,es, ccast|ta,eacc aa r|ac||c |aacameata| ce
aaestrc crceaam|eatc ar|c|cc.
|cs rcc|emas, s|a emcarc, sca mas ccm|ecs, aes cece-
mcs reccaccer |as art|ca|ar|caces ce |cs racs aseataccs
ea |a se|.a. /s|, s|a|eacc |as a|acras ce /atca|c brac|
25
,
|a e\t|ac|ca ce racs , ca|taras accr|eaes rereseata
aa rccesc samameate reccaaate, aes |acr|a ,a ccce
|eaaas , .ar|as ceceaas ce eta|as e\t|atas cesce 1532,
s|a cear ce meac|caar ae eatre 1950 , 1991 se |aa
e\t|aa|cc cace racs accr|eaes ce |a /mazca|a , ae,
ce |cs caareata , ccs restaates, c|ec|cc|c estaa ea e||rc
ce e\t|ac|ca. /aace este reccacc|cc e\ertc.
|a |cs ceartameatcs ce Uca,a|| , |acre ce 0|cs
e\|stea racs ea a|s|am|eatc ,, a|aacs ce e||cs, ea
ccatactc |ac||eate, ae se eacaeatraa ea aaa s|taac|ca
cr|t|ca cr e| a.aace ce e\tractcres ce macera , ce
act|.|caces ce rcsecc|ca ce ||crccarcarcs. !|eaea
cc|ac|ca ma, caa , escasas ce|easas ccatra ea|erme-
caces ccmaaes (r|e, saram|ca, .|rae|a , ctras).
24 |ste cccameatc |ae aac ce |cs |asamcs em|eaccs ara |a e|accrac|ca ce|
aaterc,ectc ce |e, ce ccmaa|caces cames|aas, ccmaa|caces aat|.as ,
aec|cs |ac|eaas ae |ae arccacc cr |a Ccm|s|ca Re.|scra creaca cr
|a |e, 28150. |a |a c|scas|ca , arccac|ca ce| aaterc,ectc art|c|arca
|a C0N/|, |a CC| , |a CN/ (|a /|0|>|| se aaseatc cesce |ecrerc ce 2005).
|| aaterc,ectc se reseatc e| 25 ce acr|| ce 2005 a |a Ccm|s|ca ce
/mazca|a, /saatcs |ac|eaas , /|rceraaacs.
25 bR/CK |00, /atca|c, |era. c|cc|.ers|cac, ccreza , eccaecc|cs, c. c|t.,
. 41.
40 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

|ateatar aa ca|aace ce |a act|.|cac |cresta| ea e| a|s |ae-

c ce |cs c||ereates asectcs , rcc|emas reasaccs ea
|as a|aas aater|cres acs erm|te seaa|ar a|aacs ce
|cs aatcs a|tcs ce| aae.c re|mea |cresta| ae se .|eae
|m|emeataacc, as| ccmc tamc|ea a|aaas ce |as ||m|tac|caes
ce| mcce|c a||cacc.
/s|, ac ccemcs s|ac cc|ac|c|r cca ess|ca ||ca|c caaacc
e\resa, a rccs|tc ce| aae.c re|mea |cresta|.
>| c|ea |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre |ac|a,e a|a-
acs art|ca|cs ae ccr|aa mecrarse, e| aae.c s|stema
ce arc.ec|am|eatc |cresta| a tra.es ce ccaces|caes
esta c|ea c|seaacc ,, ea eaera|, |atrccace ccacetcs
ae ccatr|ca|raa a| cesarrc||c scstea|c|e ce| sectcr
2
.
0ece cestacarse ae e| esaema sea|cc ara e| maaec
|cresta| scstea|c|e se casa r|ac|a|meate ea e| mcce|c ce
|as ccaces|caes. /aaae |a |ac|cc ccs|c|ca ce a|aacs
sectcres e |ac|asc ce aatcr|caces ce |cs aae.cs cc|eracs
re|caa|es (ea art|ca|ar, ce| 0cc|erac re|caa| ce |cretc),
ae |a |mec|cc e| ma,cr a.aace ce| rccesc ce ccacarscs
ac||ccs ara |a acac|cac|ca ce ccaces|caes |cresta|es,
estcs ccacarscs |aa erm|t|cc ae ea |a actaa||cac se |a,aa
ctcracc 1 144 aa|caces, ae cacrea aaa saer||c|e tcta| ce
1 391 102 |a, ccmc se arec|a ea e| s|a|eate caacrc.
6
uunco y porspoctvus do u
uctvdud forostu
2 ||0/|00, ess|ca, c. c|t., . 20.
|oooto: |tt://....|oooa.ob.o/|||s/at||s_sooos/at||s_aob|to_sooos.|to
Resa|tacc ce| rccesc ce ccaces|caes |cresta|es
0eartameatc /!||> N ccaces|caar|cs >aer||c|e (|a) N aa|cs. ctcrs.
!cta| 511 1 391 102 1 144
Uca,a|| |aca||a 52 919 319 145
| Ccacarsc /ta|a,a 45 1 02 31 14
>actcta| Uca,a|| | 91 2 005 80 309
Uca,a|| |aca||a 51 494 35 11
|| Ccacarsc /ta|a,a 21 343 141 54
>actcta| Uca,a|| || 18 831 182 131
|acre ce 0|cs !amccata 29 490 111 11
| Ccacarsc !a|aamaaa 21 2 241 94
>actcta| |acre ce 0|cs | 5 1 11 358 111
|acre ce 0|cs !amccata 19 122 030 19
|| Ccacarsc !a|aamaaa 10 9 138 10
>actcta| |acre ce 0|cs || 29 191 18 29
>aa |art|a >actcta| >aa |art|a 34 491 193 19
|aaaacc >actcta| |aaaacc 48 288 314 48
|cretc >actcta| |cretc 229 2 453 341 311
/ b / | / N C | \ | | R > | | C ! | \ / > 0 | | / / C ! | \ | 0 / 0 | 0 R | > ! / | 41
!amc|ea cace meac|caar ae cca e| ac,c ce |a 0ra-
a|zac|ca ce |as Nac|caes Ua|cas ara |a /r|ca|tara , |a
/||meatac|ca (|/0) se rearc , arccc, ea e| aac 2002,
|a |strate|a Nac|caa| |cresta|, tea|eacc ccmc acrte |crar
e| cesarrc||c scstea|c|e ce |a act|.|cac |cresta| ea |cs aacs
s|a|eates. |sta |erram|eata |a ce||a|cc c|acc ccet|.cs
estrate|ccs ara e| cesarrc||c ce| sectcr
21
.
\.|||. |a ca|tara , |a ccac|eac|a |cresta| ce |a cc|ac|ca
rcmae.ea , cr|eataa e| caea asc ce| ccsae.
\|\. |as |ast|tac|caes .|aca|acas a| cesarrc||c |cresta|
aac|caa| se |aa ccasc||cacc tracaaacc ea estrec|a
re|ac|ca ea rc ce |a scstea|c|||cac |cresta|.
\\. |as cc|ac|caes .|aca|acas a |a act|.|cac |cresta|
t|eaea sat|s|ec|as sas aeces|caces cas|cas , ac-
cecea ea|tat|.ameate a sas ceae||c|cs, a tra.es
ce| maaec scstea|c|e ce |cs ccsaes.
\\|. |a c|.ers|||cac|ca, e| asc ce tecac|c|as ||m|as
, |a art|ca|ac|ca cca e| mercacc |acremeataa |a
act|.|cac |cresta|.
\\||. |a ermaaeate actaa||zac|ca ce ccacc|m|eatcs
|cresta|es esta araat|zaca.
|a,, s|a emcarc, a|aacs asectcs a ccrre|r. >eaa cre
|a||eaa\, e| |stacc acc|ecer|a ce aaseac|a ce estrate|as
cc|ereates e |atera|es ce acc|ca. C|ta ccmc eem|c ce e||c
e| |ec|c ce ae, |ac|eacc s|cc creaccs ea |a |e, |cresta| ,
ce |aaaa s||.estre ea e| aac 2000, |asta esa |ec|a acr||
ce 2004 e| 0s|a|cr , e| Ccaa|cr ac se |ac|aa |m|emea-
tacc
28
. || c|tacc e\ertc ea |crestac|ca atr|ca|a ea arte a
esta cm|s|ca e| ae, ea e| aac 2003 (estc es, a tres aacs
ce |acer eatracc ea .|eac|a |a |e, 21308), aaas 300 000
|a ce arcc|es |ac|eraa s|cc cestra|cas.
|a||eaa\ aaata ctrc rcc|ema caaacc seaa|a ae |a cemaa-
ca |||m|taca ce macera ce a|tc .a|cr ccmerc|a| (cas|cameate,
cecrc , cacca) mc.|||za raaces recarscs mcaetar|cs ae
||aaac|aa |a ccrrac|ca , |a ta|a ||ea|. |as ceaaac|as ac||-
cas ce| rereseataate ce| ce|eascr ce| |aec|c ea Uca,a||,
||astraa c|arameate esta s|taac|ca
29
, ccace aatcr|caces c-
||c|a|es , ac|c|a|es aarecea ccmrcmet|cas cca tra||caates
ce macera ce |a zcaa, aate |a cca caac|cac ce resaesta
ce |as aatcr|caces |cresta|es.
0tra ser|a c|||ca|tac t|eae ae .er cca |a |a|ta ce cccrc|aa-
c|ca eatre eat|caces ce| |stacc. |a ccacretc, e| |rc,ectc
|sec|a| ce !|ta|ac|ca ce !|erras , Catastrc Rara| (||!!)
ctcra t|ta|cs ara rec|cs arcecaar|cs sccre t|erras
|cresta|es, e |ac|asc sccre ccsaes ce rccacc|ca erma-
aeate, ea arte crae |as areas ae ccaaa estcs ac estaa
c|ea ce||m|tacas, ea arte crae ac cesa |a m|rac|ca ,
aseatam|eatc ce ar|ca|tcres, erc tamc|ea cr c|||ca|taces
atr|ca|c|es a| m|smc ||!!.
|ae ara e.|tar este t|c ce rcc|emas ae e| art|ca|c 11 ce
|a |e, craa|ca ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs
recarscs aatara|es, |e, 2821, c|sasc ae |a zca|||cac|ca
ecc|c|ca , eccacm|ca ce| a|s (/||) cec|a ser arccaca cr
e| |ccer |ecat|.c, ccmc ac,c a| crceaam|eatc terr|tcr|a|,
a ||a ce e.|tar cca|||ctcs ce saercs|c|ca ce t|ta|cs , ascs
|aarc|accs, , cemas ||aes.
/|aaas ce |as cr|t|cas mas |recaeates a |a a||cac|ca ce
|a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa s||.estre se cr|eatacaa a ae ac
se |ac|era |ec|c re.|ameate |a zca|||cac|ca ecc|c|ca
, eccacm|ca c|saesta cr |a |e, 2821. / esa cr|t|ca,
ess|ca ||ca|c rescace, at|||zaacc e| m|smc art|ca|c 11
ce esta |e,.
... |a /|| es aa rccesc , se |ara cr areas r|cr|-
zacas, cr |c ae ac se aece reteacer ara||zar e|
arc.ec|am|eatc scstea|c|e ce |cs recarscs aatara|es
m|eatras se rea||za |a /||. Cca esa |aterretac|ca, |a
eccacm|a aac|caa| teacr|a ae ceteaerse cr ccm|etc,
aes este ac ser|a aa rea|s|tc re.|c sc|c ara |a
act|.|cac |cresta| , e| ctcram|eatc ce ccaces|caes
|cresta|es, s|ac tamc|ea ara |as ccaces|caes m|aeras
, etrc|eras, eatre ctras.
/ sa .ez, e| aamera| 9.2 ce| art|ca|c 9 ce |a |e, |cresta|
eacarc a| |areaa rccaer |a zca|||cac|ca terr|tcr|a| ce |as
areas |cresta|es ce| a|s, tea|eacc ccmc re|ereac|a e| maa
|cresta|, e| maa ce sae|cs , ctrcs estaacares ce |ceat|||ca-
c|ca. N|aaac ce estcs |astrameatcs ce crceaam|eatc |a
s|cc ccm|etacc |asta |a |ec|a. Reccacc|eacc ae se trata
ce aaa |accr castaate ccm|ea, ac aece cear ce seaa-
|arse ae sa |mcsterac|e cam||m|eatc sacae ma,cres
recarscs ae |cs as|aaccs actaa|meate cr e| |stacc a|
|areaa. / estc aece re|er|rse |a||eaa\ caaacc ceaaac|a |a
|a|ta ce estrate|as cc|ereates e |atera|es.
|a acrma ce| art|ca|c 11 ce |a |e, 2821 ac es |a aa|ca ae
se .|eae |acam||eacc. || art|ca|c 14 ce esta |e, c|scae |a
|ascr|c|ca ea |cs c|.erscs re|strcs ac||ccs ce |as ccace-
s|caes , cemas mcca||caces ce ctcram|eatc ce cerec|cs
sccre recarscs aatara|es. || rcc|ema sare caaacc |as
ccaces|caes |cresta|es se saercaea a t|erras ccmaaa|es,
21 C|tacc ea e| ||aa estrate|cc |ast|tac|caa| 2005-2015, ||ma, |0N0|b0>QU|,
aa|c 2005.
28 Cc|ama|sta ce |a |acastr|a, ea este c|ar|c, C||c|a,c 21 ce acr|| ce 2004.
29 |a|crme ce 0e|eascr|a re.e|a |atrcm|s|ca ce e|e ce |a |c||c|a |cc|c|ca
ea |ater.eac|ca ce macera, acta aarec|ca ea e| c|ar|c /|cra, |aca||a,
21 ce ac.|emcre ce 2004.
42 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

casc ea e| caa|, cetectacas estas, se rccece a |a|c|ar |as

est|caes ara sa e\c|as|ca ce |cs |aacs ce aae||as. ||
aamerc ce saercs|c|caes es castaate e|e.acc, |c ae |a
cacc |aar a aamercsas mcc|||cac|caes ea |as ccaces|caes,
cca|crme se maestra ea e| s|t|c wec ce| |areaa.
6.1 fI potenciaI an no aprovechado
|as c|||ca|taces c|tacas ac |m|cea cestacar e| raa c-
teac|a| e\|steate ara e| arc.ec|am|eatc |cresta|, aaaae
estc sea ccc c||aac|cc. 0e acaercc cca |a |ateaceac|a
|cresta| , ce |aaaa >||.estre ce| |areaa, ea e| a|s e\|stea
10 500 000 |ectareas ce t|erras atas ara |a re|crestac|ca,
ce |as caa|es se |aa re|crestacc arc\|macameate 850 000
|ectareas, ae ac rereseataa e| a|.e| ceseacc
30
.
C|taacc catcs ce /atca|c brac|, e| |era csee aaas 10
m|||caes ce |a e| 13 ce |cs ccsaes trc|ca|es ce|
maacc, ce |as caa|es 2 m|||caes ce |a sca ccsaes ce
rccacc|ca ermaaeate. 0|scacr|amcs, seaa sas est|ma-
c|caes, ce a| meacs 1 300 m|||caes ce m
3
ce macera ce
c||ereates esec|es , caa||caces, , e| .a|cr tecr|cc ce esta
macera es ce aacs U>$2 000 m|||caes, |c ae es saer|cr
a aaestra ceaca e\teraa
31
. brac| area.
/ esar ce ae e\cr tamcs a|c ce macera, ac
maaeamcs |cs ccsaes, crae cas| e| 100 ce |a
macera cctea|ca ac rc.|eae ce ccsaes maaeaccs
cca recs|c|ca ce| recarsc ara araat|zar |a scstea|c|-
||cac ce |a act|.|cac |cresta|. >|a emcarc, tcmaacc ea
ccas|cerac|ca |as teaceac|as maac|a|es, |a aa|ca cc|ca
.|ac|e a |atarc es e| maaec ce |cs ccsaes , araat|zar
|a scstea|c|||cac. |c ccatrar|c es aaa cs|c|ca sa|c|ca
a |atarc, , teacra caca .ez meacs cs|c|||caces ea e|
marcc ce aaa eccacm|a |cca||zaca, ccace |a rcc|e-
mat|ca amc|eata| esta crec|eacc ea |mcrtaac|a.
||ear a esa s|taac|ca ct|ma aece |m||car, s|a emcarc,
ma,cres es|aerzcs. /s|, e| e|e ce| |areaa |a|crmaca aate |a
Ccm|s|ca ce /mazca|a, /saatcs |ac|eaas , /|rceraaacs
ce| Ccaresc, e| 4 ce a||c ce 2005, ce ae aaa caaacc sa
|ast|tac|ca caeata cca 83 aestcs ce ccatrc| ea e| a|s ara
|mec|r |a ta|a ||ea| ce ccsaes ce |a /mazca|a sccre
tccc ea |cs ceartameatcs ce |cretc, Uca,a|| , |acre ce
0|cs, esta act|.|cac se |a cca.ert|cc ea e| r|ac|a|
rcc|ema ce |as ccaces|caes |cresta|es ctcracas. |cs
c|ar|cs |a|crmacaa tamc|ea ce ae, seaa e| res|ceate ce
|a |ecerac|ca ce |acerercs ce Uca,a||, |a e\tracc|ca ||ea|
ce cacca ccast|ta,e e| 90 ce |a ta|a ||ea| , recrta
U>$50 m|||caes aaaa|es a |a.cr ce |cs ||ea|es
32
. >e trata,
eatcaces, ce aa rcc|ema a ea|reatar ce maaera crast|ca
s| se a|erea arc.ec|ar |as cteac|a||caces aactacas
||aeas mas arr|ca.
|ese a estcs ccstaca|cs, e| sectcr |cresta| .|eae mcstraacc
aa actac|e reaate ea |as .eatas cest|aacas a| mercacc
e\ter|cr. 0e acaercc cca |a|crmac|caes er|cc|st|cas, taa sc|c
ea e| a|t|mc aac |as e\crtac|caes ce macera a|caazarca
aa crec|m|eatc ce 25 cca resectc a 2003, tcta||zaacc
U>$140 m|||caes
33
. |as c|r||cas a |staccs Ua|ccs 41
ce| tcta| se e|e.arca ea 10 ea 2004, m|eatras ae
|as cest|aacas a C||aa |c ||c|erca ea 219. >|a emcarc,
ce acaercc cca |cs ccmrcm|scs |ateraac|caa|es sascr|tcs
cr e| |era, s| se cesea maateaer e |ac|asc |acremeatar |as
e\crtac|caes ce macera es aecesar|c cr|eatarse |ac|a e|
maaec ce |cs ccsaes aatara|es, ara |a rccacc|ca ce ma-
ceras trc|ca|es cert|||cacas. |s mas, |a rc|a |e, |cresta| |a
estac|ec|cc ccmc |ec|a ||m|te e| reseate aac, 2005, a art|r
ce| caa| sc|c rccecera |a ccmerc|a||zac|ca |ateraa , e\teraa
ce rccactcs |cresta|es rc.ea|eates ce ccsaes maaeaccs
(caarta c|scs|c|ca ccm|emeatar|a , traas|tcr|a). |as aaa, sa
tercera c|scs|c|ca ccm|emeatar|a , ||aa| c|scae.
/ art|r ce| aac 2005 sc|c rccecera |a ccmerc|a||zac|ca
|ateraa , e\teraa ce rccactcs |cresta|es rc.ea|eates
ce |cs ccsaes maaeaccs cec|cameate acrec|taccs
cr e| ||a|ster|c ce /r|ca|tara. >c|c se ccraa e\crtar
rccactcs |cresta|es cca .a|cr areacc.
|a cert|||cac|ca a|ac|ca ccas|ste ea |a acrec|tac|ca ce |a
rccacc|ca ce macera a art|r ce| maaec ce aa area ce
ccsae, , ea cre.e se cca.ert|ra ea aaa e\|eac|a ara
ccer e\crtar|a. || Re|ameatc ce |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa
s||.estre ce||ae |a cert|||cac|ca |cresta| ccmc e| rccesc ce
|asecc|ca , e.a|aac|ca ce |a cerac|ca ce| maaec ce aa
area ceterm|aaca ce| ccsae, rea||zacc cr aaa eat|cac ce
cert|||cac|ca |aceeac|eate re|straca ea e| 0s|a|cr.
|a |cs caacrcs s|a|eates mcstramcs |as .ar|ac|caes ea e|
.c|amea ce |cs r|ac|a|es rccactcs ce macera traas|cr-
maca, aa |||ca ae, acecaacameate arc.ec|acc, aece
eaerar |mcrtaates |arescs a| a|s , aaa caeaa caat|cac
ce aestcs ce tracac.
30 \er |tt.//www.|areaa.cc.e/|||s/|||s_maaec_ccac_re|crest.|tm~.
31 bR/CK |00, /atca|c, |era. c|cc|.ers|cac, ccreza , eccaecc|cs, c. c|t.,
. 108.
32 0|ar|c 0est|ca, ||ma 5 ce a||c ce 2005.
33 |c|c.
/ b / | / N C | \ | | R > | | C ! | \ / > 0 | | / / C ! | \ | 0 / 0 | 0 R | > ! / | 43
/ac |rccactc
/serraca |araet |am|aaca Ccatrac|aaca
1990 489 251 851 1 100 23 129
1991 415 241 8 92 48 25 891
1992 495 120 89 53 29 51
1993 585 194 10 154 1 20 35 91
1994 55 118 8 133 - 4 484
1995 30 215 14 428 - 3 944
199 24 921 15 455 9 418 9 439
1991 482 29 9 440 3 9 52 581
1998 590 214 029 1 2 5 902
1999 834 11 3 0 3 4 34 318
2000 4 14 158 045 35 830
2001 50 054 4 881 9 814 100 20
2002 2 8 1 281 1 485 99 130
2003 249 112 2 930 3 884 25 21
/ac |rccactc
0eccrat|.a 0arm|eates |cstes Carcca (t) |eaa (m||es ce m
3
r)
1990 1 5 2 431 98 4 51 491
1991 54 1 3 2 235 5 24 103
1992 - 1 851 32 4 08 553
1993 - 3 939 1 182 1 34 828
1994 14 4 000 1 110 191 284
1995 2 30 - 3 294 3 20 29
199 1 118 3 511 491 558 3 80 513
1991 191 2 311 10 509 1 98 513
1998 - 2 142 5 313 14 093 -
1999 - 2 23 1 011 13 30 -
2000 - 198 3 13 8 493 -
2001 - 111 910 9 318 -
2002 - 1 118 439 15 91 1 243
2003 * 1 040 2 32 * *
|ota:
|a ooocc|oo oo |ao|oaoa oo +998 y +999 |oc|oyo |a ooocc|oo oo c|aas oocoat|vas.
o
3
) |oo|ca ootos cob|cos o|||zos.
|oooto:
lost|toto |ac|ooa| oo |ocosos |atoa|os |ooovab|os l||||/), |oo |oosta| oo
|oooos, +99O-2OO3, bo|ot|o sooosta|.
|o so t|oooo oatos cooso||oaoos |asta |a ob||cac|oo oo| oocooooto.
|rccacc|ca ce |cs r|ac|a|es rccactcs |cresta|es ce macera traas|crmaca, 1990-2003 (m
3
)
44 | | 0 | > | / C | 0 N | 0 R | > ! / | | | R U / N /

|erc, ccmc se |a .|stc, e| ce |a macera ac es e| aa|cc

rc.ec|c ae aece ccteaerse ce |cs ccsaes. basacc
ea |as c||ras mcstracas ea |cs aater|cres arra|cs, /atca|c
brac| ccas|cera ae e| |era c|rece aa |ateresaate cteac|a|
ea |cs s|a|eates seat|ccs.
a) |csee aaa |mcrtaate saer||c|e ce ccsaes cac e|
s|stema ce areas aatara|es rcte|cas (1,3 m|||caes
ce |a) , ccmc t|erras |ac|eaas (1,4 m|||caes ce |a).
c) |csee aaas 2 m|||caes ce |a ce ccsaes amazca|ccs
atcs ara maaec |cresta| ermaaeate , ae se aecea
scmeter a maaec cac e| s|stema ce ccaces|caes.
c) |csee aaas 10 m|||caes ce |a ce t|erras atas ara
re|crestac|ca, esec|a|meate ea |a s|erra , ea |a se|.a
a|ta, ce |as ae a| meacs 3 m|||caes ce |a sca atas
ara re|crestac|ca rccact|.a.
c) !|eae |a cs|c|||cac ce |cmeatar s|stemas arc|cresta|es
ea am||as saer||c|es ce |a /mazca|a. >c|c ea ca|e cca
arc|crester|a se ccr|aa teaer aaas 250 000 |a.
6.2 Ios otros provechos deI bosque
/cemas ce| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |a macera ccmc ta| c
cac sas traas|crmac|caes, , ce |as ctras |crmas ae se
acacaa ce c|tar, cace tamc|ea meac|caar ae ea e| a|s
e\|stea cs|c|||caces ce arc.ec|am|eatc ce ctrcs recarscs
|cresta|es.
>|a|eacc a /atca|c brac| se aece a||rmar ae e| aacrama
ce |as cs|c|||caces ce |a arc|acastr|a es ma, .astc ea |a
ccsta, |a s|erra , |a se|.a. || reccacc|cc ecc|cc est|ma
ae e\|stea 3 m|||caes ce |a ce a|mera ce aaae ea |a
/mazca|a, ce ccace se aece ccteaer |ar|aa ce aaae.
!amc|ea esta |a cs|c|||cac ce rccac|r |ar|aa ce |acama
ea |a ccsta, s|erra , se|.a ara |a e\crtac|ca, ara sa asc
ea |e|accs, |a ce e|accrar ||ccres amazca|ccs a art|r ce
rccactcs aatara|es ce |a re|ca, |a ce rccac|r artesaa|a
cca maceras amazca|cas, , |a ce e|accrar aectares ccacea-
traccs ce 50 esec|es ce |ratas aat|.as, r|ac|a|meate
ce |a /mazca|a.
|| tar|smc es ctra act|.|cac eccacm|ca ae aece erm|t|r
arc.ec|ar ce maaera |mcrtaate |cs ccsaes, esec|a|-
meate |cs ccsaes amazca|ccs, , ce esa |crma |acremeatar
s|a|||cat|.ameate |a c|er ta tar|st|ca ce| a|s. !eaemcs
c|.ers|cac ce a|saes, restcs araec|c|ccs , ca|taras, as|
ccmc .ar|ecac ca||aar|a, c|cc|.ers|cac , ctrcs atract|.cs.
>eaa /atca|c brac|
34
.
|a |a /mazca|a ser|a cs|c|e ccaser.ar a| meacs
aa m|||ca ce |ectareas ce ccsaes cca ccaces|caes
tar|st|cas (ea case a |s|c] |a |e, |cresta| , ce |aaaa
s||.estre) cca |s|c] |as emresas r|.acas, |acre-
meatar e| tar|smc a |cs ccsaes trc|ca|es ce |cs
0 000 tar|stas actaa|es a 500 000 a| aac, eaerar
|arescs |mcrtaates cr cerca ce U>$500 m|||caes
aaaa|es, , crear aacs 100 000 aestcs ce tracac
ermaaeates.
|aa|meate, aarte ce| c|aam|smc eccacm|cc e |arescs |m-
crtaates eaeraccs cr e| arc.ec|am|eatc ce |a macera c
|as act|.|caces ce traas|crmac|ca |acastr|a| , e| tar|smc, |as
act|.|caces ce |crestac|ca , re|crestac|ca, ea ccsta, s|erra
, se|.a, aecea cca.ert|rse ea aa |mcrtaat|s|mc racrc ce
|arescs cec|cc a |a eaerac|ca ce aestcs ce tracac ae
e| estac|ec|m|eatc ce |as |aatac|caes c |a recaerac|ca ce
|cs ccsaes s|a|||ca.
6.3 Ios bosques y Ia captura de
carbono
|| e|ectc |a.eraacerc tamc|ea ||amacc ca|eatam|eatc
|cca| es rccac|cc cr |a acama|ac|ca ce ases ea
|a atmcs|era, cr||aaca cr e| asc ce ccmcast|c|es |cs||es
(etrc|ec, carcca , as aatara|) , |a aema ce ccsaes ,
.eetac|ca, |cs ae em|tea raaces caat|caces ce C0
2
.
/atca|c brac| ccas|cera ae aaa ce |as mec|cas ara
ccatrarrestar e| e|ectc |a.eraacerc es |a re|crestac|ca, ,
e| |era t|eae aa raa cteac|a| ea este seat|cc , ccr|a
ccatr|ca|r a recatarar aaas 1 500 m|||caes ce tcae|acas
ce C0
2
ce |a atmcs|era, cca |a re|crestac|ca ce 10 m|||c-
aes ce |ectareas
35
. /s| aes, ea .|rtac ce |cs acaerccs
ce| |rctccc|c ce K|ctc ara |a recacc|ca ce |as em|s|caes
ce C0
2
ea |a atmcs|era, e| a|s aece ccteaer ac|c|caa|es
.eataas ce sa cteac|a| |cresta|. |a e|ectc, |cs mecaa|smcs
ara recac|r esas em|s|caes se cr|eataa a c|sm|aa|r e| asc
ce ccmcast|c|es |cs||es, a asar eaer|as ||m|as, a recac|r
|as em|s|caes cr||aacas cr |a aema ce ccsaes , a |a
recatara ce C0
2
cr mec|c ce |a re|crestac|ca. Cca case
ea esta |a|crmac|ca, brac| est|ma ae |a ma,cr arte ce
|as em|s|caes ce| |era cerca ce| 80 ce| tcta|, seaa
e| rc.|eaea ce |a aema ce ccsaes, , a art|r ce a|||
|ace a|aacs ca|ca|cs ma, |ateresaates.
|cs ccsaes |ameccs amazca|ccs maat|eaea secaes-
tracas ea rcmec|c aaas 150 t ce C/|a. >ccre aa tcta|
ce 2 m|||caes ce |a, |estc] ca aa tcta| ce aaas 9 300
m|||caes ce t ce C. >| se aemaa |cs ccsaes, ccmc
34 bR/CK |00, /atca|c, |era. c|cc|.ers|cac, ccreza , eccaecc|cs, c. c|t.,
. 10. 35 |c|c., . 31.
/ b / | / N C | \ | | R > | | C ! | \ / > 0 | | / / C ! | \ | 0 / 0 | 0 R | > ! / | 45
esta sacec|eacc, a aaa esca|a ce aaas 250 000 |a/aac,
este C es em|t|cc a |a atmcs|era ea |crma .|c|eata... |a
ccasecaeac|a, e| .a|cr tcta| ce C secaestracc ea |cs
ccsaes amazca|ccs estar|a ea e| crcea ce U>$4 500
m|||caes. |stc aaace aa .a|cr aae.c a |cs ccsaes,
acemas ce sa .a|cr cr macera, c|cc|.ers|cac , ctrcs
ser.|c|cs. |cr |c taatc, , ea case a |s|c] este ca|ca|c, e|
act|.c ce| |era, cr |cs ccsaes ae csee, aameata
ccas|cerac|emeate
3
.
Uac ce |cs mecaa|smcs c|seaaccs ceatrc ce| |rctccc|c
ce K|ctc (ce 1991) ara a|ses ea .|as ce cesarrc||c, es
e| ceacm|aacc mecaa|smc ce cesarrc||c ||m|c (|0|),
e| caa|, cca|crme a aa resamea rearacc cr |a 0NU,
reseata |as s|a|eates caracter|st|cas.
|cs rc,ectcs |0| aameataa |a reatac|||cac ce |cs
rc,ectcs ae m|t|aa c cataraa 0|| (0ases ce
||ectc |a.eraacerc). |a tcae|aca ce em|s|caes ce C0
2

recac|cas t|eae aa rec|c ce mercacc, a mas tcae|a-
cas, ma,cres |arescs. |cs a|ses cesarrc||accs cca
cc||ac|caes ce recac|r sas em|s|caes ce 0||, sca |cs
ccmraccres.
/s|, |cs rc,ectcs |0| se |acea mas atract|.cs ara |cs
|a.ers|ca|stas. /,acaa a saerar |as carreras ||aaac|e-
ras, tecac|c|cas ,/c ce ccacc|m|eatc.
|| |0| erm|te ae |cs a|ses ea cesarrc||c aecaa
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cacea estcs rc,ectcs, , esc es |c ae se aecc|a , .eace
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