HUMAN EXCRETORY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Presented By:

Navneet Puneet Swaty

Shilpa

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

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THE URINARY SYSTEM

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FUNCTIONS
1. Remove nitrogenous wastes 2. Maintain electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balance of blood. 3. Homeostatic organ.

4. Acts as blood filter.

5. Release hormones: calcitriol & erythropoietin.
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kidneys
Organs of the Urinary System

ureters urinary bladder

urethra
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Kidney Anatomy

renal pyramids

renal pelvis ureter

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renal cortex renal capsule renal medulla

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blood filtration tubular reabsorption and secretion

GENERAL FUNCTIONING OF THE KIDNEY

urine refreshed blood

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Urinary Bladder

ureters external sphincters

internal sphincters urethra

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Diseases
Glomerulo nephritis

Pyelitis
Polyurea

Anurea
Renal calculi

cystitis
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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External genital organs :- penis containing urethra . Internal genital organs :testes vas deferens seminal vesicles prostate gland
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PENIS
It is the corpulatory organ. Parts of penis are: Corpora caverosa Corpora spongiosum Glans penis

Propuse

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TESTES
Male reproductive organ. Oval in shape Scrotum forms a bag or pouch for testes Testes are actually suspended in scrotum by means of spermatic cords. Structure: Contains seminiferous tubules epidydimis
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DUCTUS DEFERENS [VAS DEFERENS]

They are also known as ductus deferens The vas deferens commences from epidydimis at the upper end of testes. It leaves the scrotum in the spermatic cord. From the abdominal cavity, the vas deferens entrs the pelvis and joins with seminal vesical.

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SEMINAL VESICLES

glands posterior to the urinary bladder. Seminal vesical joins with the terminal portion of vas deferens and forms the ejaculatory duct. Function thick secretions which is added to spermatozoa.

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PROSTATE
Lies below bladder and surrounds the first part of urethra. Consists of glands , ducts, and involuntary muscles.

Secretes fluid which is conveyed to the urethra through ducts.

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SEMINAL FLUID OR SEMEN

Semen is the compound secretion of testes , prostate and seminal vesicles. Acts as a vehicle for spermatozoa and provides nutrition to the spermatozoa. SPERMATOZOA: produced by seminiferous tubules of testis. They are highly motile and their function is to fertilise the ovum in the female genital tract.

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Female Reproductive System

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Function of Female Reproductive System

Produce sex hormones. Produce functioning gamates [ova] Support & protect developing of embryo.

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MAJOR ORGANS
Ovaries [ gonads]

Uterine tubes [ fallopian tubes]

Uterus Vagina

Accessory glands
External genital organs Breasts

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OVARIES
Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond. they produce eggs (also called ova) every female is born with a lifetime supply of eggs

they also produce hormones:

Estrogen & Progesterone

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FALLOPIAN TUBES [UTERINE TUBES]

stretch from the uterus to the ovaries and measure about 8 to 13 cm in length. Parts: uterine ampulla fumbrial end fallopian tube acts as a passage for ova from the ovary to uterus.The fertilisation of ovam by spermatozoa occurs in fallopian tube.

Function:

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uterus

pear-shaped muscular organ in the upper female reproductive tract. The fundus is the upper portion of the uterus where pregnancy occurs.

The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus that connects with the vagina and serves as a sphincter to keep the uterus closed during pregnancy until it is time to deliver a baby. the uterus expands considerably during the reproductive process. the organ grows to from 10 to 20 times its normal size during pregnancy.
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uterus

The main body consists of a firm outer coat of muscle (myometrium) and an inner lining of vascular, glandular material (endometrium). The endometrium thickens during the menstrual cycle to allow implantation of a fertilized egg. Pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants successfully into the endometrial lining. If fertilization does not occur, the endometrium sloughs off and is expelled as menstrual flow.

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The Vagina

vagin = sheath

a muscular, ridged sheath connecting the external genitals to the uterus.

functions as a two-way street, accepting the penis and sperm during intercourse and roughly nine months later, serving as the avenue of birth through which the new baby enters the world

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Mammary Glands [ breasts]

Present in both sexes - normally only functional in females

Developmentally they are derived from sweat glands

Contained within a rounded skin-covered breast anterior to the pectoral muscles of the thorax Slightly below center of each breast is a ring of pigmented skin, the areola - this surrounds a central protruding nipple Internally - they consist of 15 to 25 lobes that radiate around and open at the nipple Each lobe is composed of smaller lobules- these contain alveoli that produce milk when a women is lactating non-pregnant women - glandular structure is undeveloped - hence breast size is largely due to the amount of fat deposits

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menstruation
Destructive phase (menstrual phase) Follicular phase (proliferative phase) Luteal phase (secretory phase)

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Menstrual cycle

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Reproductive System Disorders

Male Infertility Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy Prostate Cancer Female Infertility Endometriosis Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Ovarian Cysts Cancer Breast Cervical Uterine
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