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Formation of the Federation of Malaya (1948-1963)

By, Kerk Yan Juin AJ13b

After dissolution of Malayan Union, British appointed a working committee to draw up a new constitution to replace them.

6 British Officer, 4 representative of Malay Ruler and 2 UMNO representatives works in the new constituition.

Reasons:
1) Protection for the sovereignty and powers of Malay rulers 2) more stringent conditions for citizenship for non-malay 3) special rights for malay British reinstated the rights of Malays because of pressure from malay and former British administration.

1 Feb 1948---> Establishment Federation of Malaya British high commissioner as head, comprised 9 malay states together with malacca and penang. Singapore was excluded but still remained a British colony.

legislative council and the federal executive council assisted the high commissioner, malay rulers were returned their rights over their own states condition of citizenship more strict

State government has the rights and responsibility

Recognised: Conditions for citizenship became more strict Special rights for the Malays

Opposition it faced

1. Opposition from AMCJA Tan Cheng Lock led AMCJA opposed new constitution fought three principles: 1.unification of the whole malaya, include singapore 2.self rule through a central legislation body with members chosen by the people 3. same citizenship right for all who consider malaya their homeland

Opposition from PUTERA


ambition to make Malaya a republic Criticize UMNOs leadership fought on 4 principles: 1- Malay language as country official language 2- external affairs and defense be made the joint responsibility of the Malayan gov and british 3- the word"malay" used as the name for malayan citizenship 4- national flag have malay national color

3-- AMCJA-PUTERA front


March 1947, AMCJA analgamated with PUTERAunder leadership of Dr Burhanuddin Al-Helmi. teamed up to oppose fed of malaya, forming '"people's Constitution" in April 1947. British rejected it as it is being radical. 20 Oct 1947, AMCJAPUTERA coalition launched hartal- a 'close shop' strike throughout malaya but checked by British.

~The End~

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