Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WHAT IS FLYASH? CLASSIFICATION OF FLY ASH WHY IS FLYASH A PROBLEM?
The chemical properties of the fly ash are largely influenced by the chemical content of the coal burned (i.e., anthracite, bituminous, and lignite). The two types are: Class F fly ash Class C fly ash
Worldwide, the production is more than 300 million tons per year.
Worldwide, more than 65% of fly ash is disposed of in landfills and ash ponds. INDIAN SCENARIO Nearly 73% of Indias total installed power generation capacity is thermal, of which 90% is coal-based generation 150 million tonnes of fly ash was produced in India in the year 2000 80-odd utility thermal power stations in India use bituminous coal and produce large quantities of fly ash
Cadmium (Cd)
Antimony (Sb)
3.4
4.5
Arsenic (As)
Chromium (Cr)
43.4
136
Lead (Pb)
56
Anaemia
Waste stabilization and solidification Fly ash is alkaline due to presence of lime High water absorvity Transforms sewage sludge to organic fertiliser Rhenipal process
Stabilization of soft soils Increases shear strength Increases load bearing capacity of soil
Mineral filler in asphaltic concrete Fills voids Provides greater contact points for large particles.
As Aggregate substitute material (e.g. for brick production) Two ways to manufacture bricks: Flyash+clay+firing in kiln at 1000oC Flyash+POP+soil+water+drying India- Pulverised fuel ash for lime-pozzolan mixture Recent development by Henry Liu in USA Manufacture of geopolymers Landfilling Concrete production
To produce RCC Ex- Ghatghar dam Project in Maharashtra Metal Matrix Composites Mixed with molten metals to make composite Hollow fly ash can be infiltrated by molten metal to get alumina encased spheres Reduces density and weight of product New research to incorporate fly ash in lead acid batteries
CONCLUSION
Fly ash must be reused as it has very severe health and environmental impacts. The largest usage of fly ash is in manufacture of Concrete.
REFERENCES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_ash http://www.ifandp.com/article/00306.html http://edugreen.teri.res.in/explore/air/flyash.htm http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/pure-genius/fly-ash-fromtoxic-by-product-to-nearly-free-metal-replacement/5902 http://conservationreport.com/2009/06/14/clean-coal-is-amyth/ http://flyashbricksinfo.com/construction/disadvantages-of-flyashdiseases-caused-by-fly-ash.html
THANK YOU!!!