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8051Programming

Yogesh Misra Mody Institute of Technology & Science (Deemed University) Faculty of Engineering & Technology Sikar [Raj.]

Embedded System Structure

Sensor ADC Processor DAC Actuator

Essential Components Processor (P, C , DSP or ASIC) Sensor (it convert a physical quantity into electrical signal) Converters (ADC and DAC) Actuator (it transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy) Memory (On-chip / Off chip) Communication path with the interacting environment

DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPROCESSOR First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes

First generation computers relied on machine language

Back section of ENIAC showing vaccum tubes The 1946 ENIAC computer used 17,468 vacuum tubes and consumed 150kW of power

DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPROCESSOR

Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors

The transistor was invented in 1947 Vaccum tubes of first generation computer are now replaced by semiconductor devices. Second-generation computers moved from machine language to assembly languages.

DEVELOPMENT OF MICROPROCESSOR

Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits

The first integrated circuit (IC) was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971

INSIDE MICROPROCESSOR

ALU
Accumulator Flags

Address Lines

Timing & Control Unit

Data Lines

Program Counter

Stack Pointer

Timing & Control Signals

MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM

EXPANDED MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM

MEMORY

LANGUAGE

Machine Language: Instructions in binary form. Assembly language: Instructions in mnemonic form. High-Level language: Program is written using statements.

PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE
Program Explanation Hex Code Binary Code

MVI A , 04H
ADD B OUT 20 H HLT

A = 04H
A=A+ B Send the content of register A to output device whose address is 20H Stop

45H , 04H
59H , 05H 24H 29H , 20H 76H

01000101 00000100
01011001 00000101 00100100 00101001 00100000 01110110

MVI B , 05H B = 05H

PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE

Memory Address 0000H 0001H 0002H 0003H 0004H

Binary Information MVI A 04H MVI B 05H ADD B [01000101] [00000100] [01011001] [00000101] [00100100]

0005H
0006H 0007H 0008H

OUT
20 H HLT

[00101001]
[00100000] [01110110]

FFFFH

MICROCONTROLLER

First microcontroller

By Intel

In 1976

4 bit

8048

First 8 bit microcontroller by Intel was 8051 (reffered as MCS-51) in 1981

Pin Description

Vcc(+5volt) Pin - 40

Ground(0 volt) Pin-20

Pin Description
Port 0 from Pin-39 to pin-32

Dual functional Used to excess both data & address

Microcontroller 8051
Pin Description Port 1 from Pin-1 to pin-8

Used as I/O port

Pin Description

Port 2 from Pin-21 to pin-28

Used to excess address & as I/O port

Microcontroller 8051
Pin Description
Port 3 from Pin-10 to Pin-17

P3.0 RXD P3.1 TXD P3.2 IN T0 P3.3 IN T1 P3.4 T0 P3.5 T1 P3.6 WR P3.7 RD

Pin Description

External memory reset

crystal

Add. Latch enable

Program Store Enable

Tools for developing Assembly Language Programs

Integrated Development Environment
Development Processor Target Processor

Editor Program
Assembler Program Debugger

Loader / Linker Program

Editor
Program Source file (.a51)

Assembler
Object file (.obj), List file (.LST), check syntax errors

Linker
Hex file (.hex)

Loader

M I C R O C O N T R O L L E R

Demo of downloading of a program in microcontroller

AIM: Write a program for traffic light control. The microcontroller
AT89C51-20P is operated by a XTAL of frequency 11.0592 Mhz.

STEPS

GREEN

YELLOW

RED

ON

OFF

OFF

ON

ON

OFF

OFF

OFF

ON

OFF

ON

ON

P2.0 P2.1 P2.2 Reset XTAL2 XTAL2 GND

Pin no. 20 Pin no. 21 Pin no. 22 Pin no. 9 Pin no. 18 Pin no. 19 Pin no. 20

PINS OF INTEREST

Pin no. 40 Vcc

Pin no. 31 EA

Reset

A T 8 9 C 5 1

P2.2 RED

P2.1 YELLOW

P2.0 GREEN

HEX FILE :10000000B29012000780F97B207AFF79FFC055D0AB :0C00100055C055D055D9F6DAF2DBEE22CF :00000001FF

Red color hexadecimal number tells the loader how many bytes are in the line. (number of bytes in a line range from 00H to 10H) Blue color hexadecimal number is 16 bit ROM address where loader will load the first byte. Green color digits are either 00 or 10. 00 means is more line to come after this line. 01 means this is last line and the loading should stop after this line. Black Color this is hex code of the program Brown Color last byte in the line is checksum byte used for error checking

Thank You