True or False: The Earths surface has stayed the same for thousands of years

True or False: The Earths surface has stayed the same for thousands of years

The Earths surface is always changing!

Weathering
The breakdown do the materials of Earths crust into smaller pieces.

Water causes weathering

What evidence of weathering do you see in this picture?

Wind causes weathering

Why wasnt this mass of land weathered away?

What evidence of weathering do you see in this picture?

Ice causes weathering

Describe how ice causes weathering?

Erosion
The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil.

What evidence of erosion do you see in this picture?

Erosion is Movement of Sediment!

This process, known as Erosion, is gradually wearing down the surface of the earth. Erosion is the process by which weathered rock and soil (sediment) are moved from one place to another. Erosion carves the Earth's surface creating canyons, gorges, and even beaches.

What do you think has caused this rock to look this way?

Wind Erosion
As the wind blows it picks up small particles of sand/sediment and blasts large rocks with the abrasive particles, cutting and shaping the rock. The intensity of wind erosion is determined by: Sum (amount) Speed Slope Surface

Wind Erosion

Water Causes Erosion

runoff, rivers and, streams

Water causes Erosion

When rain falls to the Earth it can evaporate, sink into the ground, or flow over the land as Runoff. When it flows over land, erosion occurs.

Runoff picks up pieces of

rock and "runs" downhill cutting tiny grooves (called rills) into the land.

Water causes Erosion

How much erosion takes place is determined by the: Sum (amount) Slope Speed Surface
Can you act increasing and decreasing the four Ss?

Ice Causes Erosion

Glaciers wear down the landscape; by picking up and carrying debris that moves across the land along with the ice.

Ice Causes Erosion

Glaciers can pick up and carry sediment that ranges in size from sand grains to boulders bigger than houses.

Moving like a conveyor belt and a bulldozer, a single glacier can move millions of tons of material!

Ice Causes Erosion

How much erosion takes place is determined by the: **Sum (Glaciers are
massive!)

Slope Speed Surface

Gravity causes erosion

Creep, Slump, Landslides, Mudslides, and Avalanches.

Slower

Faster

These are examples of mass movement landslide clip.mpeg

(or called mass wasting)

Gravity causes Erosion

How much erosion takes place is determined by the:

Sum **Slope Speed **Surface

Plants CAN CAUSE weathering

Plants CAN PREVENT erosion

Deposition
Rock particles that are picked up and transported during erosion will ultimately be deposited somewhere else Deposition is the process by which sediments (small particles of rock) are laid down in new locations. Together, Erosion and Deposition build new landforms. Deltas Canyons Meanders Floodplains

Delta
Where rivers meet the ocean is called the mouth of the river. Soil and dirt carried by these rivers is deposited at the mouth, and new land is formed. The new, soil-rich land is known as a Delta

Canyons
This simple animation provides you with a visualization of how the Colorado River has "downcut" into the rock layers of the Grand Canyon. How long it took to carve the Grand Canyon is debated by geologists. Some estimates are between 6 and 8 million years, which is very recent by comparison.

Canyons are large valleys created by a river or stream.

Meanders

Meandering streams wander side to side as they constantly seek out the lowest elevation. This constant motion creates a series of S-shaped loops.

Meanders

Stream Velocity varies from one side to the other side of the S, resulting in erosion in some places and deposition of sediments in others.

Floodplains
Floodplains form along the banks of mid-order streams and larger rivers. These are low-lying areas along the sides of a river channel that have regular times of heavy waterflow to cause the river to spill over and flood the land.