Bahasan kelainan refraksi

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Will introduce some terminology before we continue the next slide Emmetropia: The ratio of the axial length of the eye to the refractive power of the cornea and lens is balanced. Parallel light rays that enter the eye therefore meet at a focal point on the retina and not anterior or posterior to it, as is the case in ametropia

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Ametropia: The most common disorders are nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.

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Cornea, COA, Pupil, Lens, length of the eye, Humor Vitreus, Retina The maximum total refractive power of an emmetropic eye is 63 diopters with an axial length of the globe measuring 23.5mm. The cornea accounts for 43 diopters and the lens for 1020 diopters, depending on accommodation, accommodate for a near or far sight

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Parallel light rays that enter the eye therefore meet at a focal point on the retina. Cahaya memasuki mata melalui kornea dan melalui serangkaian cairan-cairan transparan dan struktur, yang secara kolektif disebut media dioptrik. Cairan-cairan dan struktur itu merupakan kornea, humor akueous, lensa, dan humor vitreous. Secara normal, cahaya dari sebuah objek difokuskan secara tajam ke retina oleh kornea dan lensa dengan cara membiaskan cahaya tersebut.

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There is a mismatch between the axial length of the eye and the refractive power of the lens and cornea. The ametropia is either axial, which is common, or refractive, which is less frequently encountered. The most common disorders are nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. . It is called Ametrophia that can be myopia, hypermetropia, presbiopia atau astigmatism.

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The visual acuity always less from 6/6 Axial miopya: so the distance of cornea to retina is longer than average. Curvature myopia: refractive element (humor aquous, lens)

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Correction: so the patient has a maximal visus without accommodate. Fungsi lensa disini hanya mengubah arah perjalanan cahaya agar berkas yang tanpa kacamata akan jatuh didepan retina dapat dibiaskan dan jatuh tepat diretina

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In farsighted patients, the virtual far point of the eye lies posterior to the retina. Axial hyperopia is usually congenital and is characterized by a shallow anterior chamber with a thick sclera and well developed ciliary muscle->predisposed to acute angle closure glaucoma

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Symptoms: accomodative astenopia If the patient use syclopegic, use the strongest plus lens (S + Bb) to have a maximal visual acuity. degre of total hypermetropia

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Berdasarkan faktor penyebabnya, astigmatisme juga dibedakan menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu: Astigmatisme kornea Astigmatisme ini disebabkan oleh kelengkungan permukaan kornea yang tidak spherical (seperti lengkung bola), jadi bisa dikatakan peyang. The curvature of cornea not spheric correction with hard soft lens Astigmatisme internal Astigmatisme ini disebabkan oleh adanya ketidaksamaan daya bias pada semua meredian di internal bolamata, baik pada lensa mata maupun pada badan kaca (vitreus humor).