AUTOMATIC REVERSE BRAKING SYSTEM USING IR SENSOR

Team Members 1. D.Sathya Prakash (09ME36) 2. R.Shanmugam (09ME37) 3. M.Siva Kumar (09ME38)

Guided by, Mr.M.Deepakumaran., M.E.

ABSTRACT
The aim is to design a automatic reverse braking system For a purpose of prevent collision between the vehicle and any objects while moving in the reverse path. The main advantage of this is there is no need of manual power if any objects in the reverse path the sensor senses the object and the brake is applied automatically. The high quality IR sensor is used to sense the objects on reverse path. The design is based on intelligent electronically controlled automotive braking system is called INTELLIGENT REVERSE BRAKING SYSTEM. Sensor Operated Pneumatic Brake is consists of IR transmitter and Receiver circuit, Control Unit, Pneumatic breaking system. The IR sensor is used to detect the obstacle. There is any obstacle in the path, the IR sensor senses the obstacle and giving the control signal to the breaking system.

INTRODUCTION
We have pleasure in introducing our new project INTELLIGENT BRAKING SYSTEM, which is fully equipped by IR sensors circuit and pneumatic breaking circuit. It is a genuine project which is fully equipped and designed for automobile vehicles. This forms an integral part of best quality. This product underwent strenuous test in our automobile vehicles and it is good. The PNEUMATIC BRAKING CIRCUIT can stop the vehicle within 2 to 3 seconds running at a speed of 50KM.The intelligent breaking system is a fully automation project. This is an ear of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort by mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains an essential part of the system although with changing demands on physical input as the degree of mechanization is increased.

NEED FOR AUTOMATION

1. To achieve mass production 2. To reduce man power 3. To increase the efficiency of the plant 4. To reduce the work load 5. To reduce the production cost 6. To reduce the production time 7. To reduce the material handling 8. To reduce the fatigue of workers 9. To achieve good product quality 10. Less maintenance

BASIC LAYOUT

TYPES OF BRAKING
The brakes for automotive use may be classified according the following considerations. 1. PURPOSE 2. LOCATION

3. CONSTRUCTION
4. METHOD OF ACTUATION

5.

EXTRA BRAKING EFFORT

MECHANICAL BRAKE

HYDRAULIC BRAKE

AIR BRAKE

REGENERATIVE BRAKE

BRAKING SYSTEM USED IN OUR PROJECT

Air Brake System An air brake system uses compressed air to apply the brakes. Air under pressure can be conveniently stored and carried through lines or tubes. Reason for Selection of Air Brake
Free resources so no refilling or changing required. Air pressure is quick to act and hence air brakes are immediate.

The pressure of brake applied is directly proportional to the air pressure.

A little feather touch would apply the same pressure. Air brakes can effectively stop loads of over 14 tons.

COMPONENTS USED IN AIR BRAKE

1. PNEUMATIC SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER
PISTON PISTON ROD

CYLINDER COVER PLATES

2. SOLENOID VALVE

3. FLOW CONTROL VALVE

IR SENSOR
IR Transmitter The IR transmitting circuit is used in many projects. The IR transmitter sends 40 kHz (frequency can be adjusted) carrier under 555 timer control. IR carriers at around 40 kHz carrier frequencies are widely used in TV remote controlling and ICs for receiving these signals are quite easily available. IR Receiver The transmitted signal reflected by the obstacle and the IR receiver circuit receives the signal and giving control signal to the control unit. The control unit activates the pneumatic breaking system, so that break was applied.

WORKING OPERATION
3/2 SINGLE ACTING SOLENOID (OR) CUT OFF VALVE This valve is used to speed up the piston movement and also it acts as a one way restriction valve which means that the air can pass through only one way and it cant return back. By using this valve the time consumption is reduced because of the faster movement of the piston. IR SENSOR UNIT The IR transmitter and IR receiver circuit is used to sense the obstacle. It is fixed to the back side of the frame stand with a suitable arrangement. The pneumatic cylinder is controlled by the flow control valve, single acting solenoid valve and control unit.

AT NORMAL CONDITION The IR transmitter sensor is transmitting the infrared rays with the help of IC 555 timer circuit. These infrared rays are received by the IR receiver sensor. The transistor T1, T2 and T3 are used as an amplifier section. At normal condition transistor T5 is OFF conditions. At that time relay is OFF, so that the vehicle running continuously. AT OBSTACLE CONDITION At obstacle conditions the IR transmitter and IR receiver, the resistance across the transmitter and receiver is high due to the non conductivity of the IR waves. So the output of transistor T5 goes from OFF condition ON stage. In that time the relay is ON position. In that time, the solenoid valve is on so that the vehicle stops.

The important components of our project are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. IR Transmitter IR Receiver Control Unit with Power Supply Solenoid Valves Flow Control Valve
The IR Transmitter circuit is to transmit the infra red rays. If any obstacle is there in a path, the infra red rays reflected. This reflected infra red rays are received by the receiver circuit is called IR Receiver. The IR Receiver circuit receives the reflected IR rays and giving the control signal to the control circuit. The control circuit is used to activate the solenoid valve. The operating principle of solenoid valve is on so that the vehicle stops.

ADVANTAGES
1. Brake cost will be less.

2. Free from wear adjustment.

3. Less power consumption. 4. Less skill technicians is sufficient to operate.

5. It gives simplified very operation.

6. Installation is simplified very much. 7. To avoid other burnable interactions viz. (Diaphragm) is not used.

8. Less time and more profit.

DISADVANTAGES
1. Excessive use of brake results in overheating and leads to brake fade.

Brake fade results from excessive heat causing chemical changes in the
brake lining that reduces friction and causes expansion of the brake drums. 2. Failure of IR sensor or control unit is not indicated 3. It is not effective in round turn or turning more than 30 degree. 4. Excessive Oil and Water Present in the Air Brake System causes the Reservoirs to corrode if not drained often enough.

APPLICATION
1. For automobile application Air brakes are used on heavy trucks. Agricultural tractor and trailer. Forestry vehicles. City Works vehicles.

2. Industrial application.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion remarks of our project work, let us add a few more lines about our impression project work. Thus the project has been developed on INTELLIGENT BRAKING SYSTEM which helps to know how to achieve low cost automation. The application of pneumatics produces smooth operation. By using more techniques, they can be modified and developed according to the applications.