INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION

M I T H I L PA N D E Y NEERAJ KUMAR N I K E T VA S AVA D A PA RT H N A I K P R A S H A N T L A LWA N I 627 629 630 631 632

Industrial Pollution
Industrial pollution is the major source of global air, water and soil

pollution and refers to all pollution which can, directly or indirectly, be linked with industry. Industrial pollution is the biggest source of pollution in most of the developed world. In United States for instance industrial pollution accounts for more than half of the nation's total pollution (data from the U.S. Environmental Agency). Industrial pollution is becoming a major problem in fast developing economies such as China and India where it has already created huge problems in form of excessive water and air pollution. Fossil fuels, on which our economies are built, are usually the main culprits behind the excessive industrial pollution, particularly coal, which is the dirtiest energy source of them all.

Industrial Pollution
The main problem about the industrial pollution is the fact that

industry generates incredible amount of waste which are dumped into water bodies or land or are released in air in form of toxic gases. Climate change is also directly linked to industrial pollution. Our industry, based on the fossil fuel burning, is the main reason for the massive increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the last few decades. In the last couple of decades, due to the rapid global industrialization of the world the industrial pollution has even spread to Earth's poles. The scientists have already found traces of industrial pollutants in samples of ice cores from Antarctica and the Arctic. The negative impact of industrial pollution is not only limited to our environment but also to human health, especially health of workers who work in high polluting factories and the people who live in areas close to these factories.

Causes of Industrial Pollution

Unregistered small scale units: discharges from most of small and tiny scale industries are let into municipal drainages or other receiving bodies with minimal or no treatment leading to surface and ground water pollution. Lack of pollution control systems: proper operation and maintenance of ETPs is necessary for ensuring that effluents are treated at required levels to which attention is not paid due to significant expenditure. Lack of economically viable treatment technologies: treatment facilities are too costly for small scale industries added to this is the fact that most industries have constrained space whereas these facilities need substantial area.

Causes of Industrial Pollution

Prevalence of outdated- inefficient technologies that generate a large

amount of waste. The existence of large number of small scale industries that escape land use and some time even environmental regulations. Poor enforcement of Pollution control laws. Lack of resources for implementing Pollution Control programmes.

Industrial Air Pollution

Pollution involves the suspension of chemicals and particles in the air. Factory industries pump gases through smokestacks that emit exhaust

and particles into the air. Various industrial processes generate significant amounts of aerosols. Sulfur oxides (SOx) - especially sulfur dioxide, a chemical compound with the formula SO2. SO2 is produced in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) - especially nitrogen dioxide are emitted from high temperature combustion. The above mentioned gases are responsible for acid rains which in turn leads to land pollution.

Industrial Water Pollution

Asbestos Asbestos cause illnesses such as asbestosis, mesothelioma, lung

cancer, intestinal cancer and liver cancer.

Lead It is a non-biodegradable substance so it is hard to clean up once the

environment is contaminated. Lead is harmful to the health of many animals, including humans, as it can inhibit the action of bodily enzymes.
Nitrates& Phosphates The increased use of fertilizers means that nitrates are

more often being washed from the soil and into rivers and lakes. This can cause eutrophication, which can be very problematic to marine environments.
Sulphur This is a non-metallic substance that is harmful for marine life. Oils Oil does not dissolve in water, instead it forms a thick layer on the

water surface. This can stop marine plants receiving enough light for photosynthesis.
Petrochemicals This is formed from gas or petrol and can be toxic to marine

life.

Industrial Land Pollution

Construction and demolition debris has to be sorted and removed.

Currently, much of it ends up in landfill sites where it may pose problems. When factories are decommissioned from use there is often a lengthy and expensive clean-up needed before the land can be re-used. In many industrial nations new land for building homes and schools is hard to find. Heavy metals such as cadmium and lead may be deposited locally. Other metals such as copper may be deposited in unsafe amounts. Some of these toxic metals accumulate over time. Industrial wastes: they include scraps, effluents, sludge, fly ash and radioactive wastes. Industrial solid wastes and sludge add a lot of toxic chemical into soil. Fly ash fall-out from testing laboratories and other sources also pollute the soil.

Most Polluting Industries

Cement Distilleries Pulp & Paper Pesticides Dyes and Dye Intermediates Petro Chemicals Tanneries Sugar Basic Drugs

Thermal power plants

Iron & Steel Fertilizer Zinc Smelters Copper Smelters

Aluminium Smelters
Oil Refineries

Effects of Industrial Pollution

Industries
Chemicals, Pesticides,

Effects
Water and Air

Medicines Manufacture of Gases Mine based Industries Textile Vehicle Manufacturing Petrol based Industries Forest dependent Industries Electrical Appliances manufacturing Industry

Air
Water and Air, Solid Waste Water, Air and Noise Noise and Air, Solid Waste

Water and Air

Air and Noise, Solid Waste Air, Solid Waste

Most Polluted
Cities
Vapi - Chemical Chembur Nuetro Power Vishakhapatnam - Steel Talcher - Mining

River Stretches
Sabarmati Subarnarekha Godavari Krishna Indus(Sutlej) Ganga Yamuna

Manali Polymer, Petroproducts

Udyog Mandal - IT Pali - Textile Dhanbad - Coal Gobindgarh - Steel Korba Petroleum, Thermal Singrauli - Energy Mangalore Cemicals, Fertilizers Durgapur Iron and Steel

Hindon
Chanibal Damodar Gomti Kali

Solutions of Industrial Pollution

Establishment of industries in only industrial estates. Environmental auditing. Appropriate dumping facilities of garbage and waste material. Industries should be encouraged to take up proactive role in the

protection actions. Monitoring of water quality of all important water bodies should be carried out. Government should provide incentives to industries for adopting clean technologies. Environmental cell of the environment and forest department should be strengthened.

Industrial Pollution Prevention

To manage the waste in a suitable way while minimizing the overall

burden associated with the waste management system. In order to reduce waste production, the potential waste production in an industry should be properly assessed. Economic benefits include the amount of reduction of waste produced and treated or disposed, and also in reduction of raw material. The modification of the production process, which includes the replacement of the raw material containing hazardous causalities, the optimization of the process, and the type of raw material used. The management of waste including its recycling and reuse. The modification of the plant should take into consideration, the minimum or no-production of waste by installing new equipment to control the pollution.