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Group dynamics generally means interaction of forces in a group members in a social situation. How a group must be:
Participative Democratic Cooperative
Roles to perform:
Role playing Brainstorming Leaderless group
Identity- we try to understand ourselves through the behaviour of others towards us. Groups provide several others who will laugh, praise or admire us. huddling-executives make use of informal get togethers called huddles.These are intimate taskoriented encounters of executive trying to get something done.
Security
Status
SelfEsteem
Affiliation
Power
Goal Achievement
Group
Shared goals
Group
NATURE OF GROUPS
Groups are recognized as important units Helps in directing and channelizing the constructive efforts Common goals of the company is fulfilled Group Dynamics was first introduced by corporate giants like Toyota, Motorola, GE, etc.
TYPES OF GROUP
FORMAL GROUPS- deliberately created to perform a specific task, a hierarchy of authority exists .rules and regulations guide the behaviour of small groups.
Command group- specified by org chart And includes supervisor and his Subordinates
Temporary Task Group- employees work together to complete a particular Task or Project.
Informal group- natural formations in the work environment which appear in Response to the need for social contact They often develop within formal group out of concerns which they share
Individual Functions
1. Satisfy the individuals need for affiliation. 2. Develop, enhance, and confirm the individuals self-esteem and sense of identity. 3. Give individuals an opportunity to test and share their perceptions of social reality. 4. Reduce the individuals anxieties and feelings of insecurity and powerlessness. 5. Provide a problem-solving mechanism for personal and interpersonal problems.
Informal Groups
It forms the Grapevine of the company. These are not formed under company rules and policies. They form a consequential part of the company by easing out any kind of stress or tensions It helps in:
Groups survival and provision of benefits Simplify the behavioral characteristics of the group and make actions more predictable. Effective communication is ensured from the top to the bottom without the line of authority.
Group development
Dr Bruce Tuckman published his Forming Storming Norming Performing model in 1965. He added a fifth stage, Adjourning, in the 1970's.
Adjourning
Forming
Dependence/ interdependence
Independence
Individual Issues
What do the How can I best others expect perform my me to do? role?
Group Issues
Why are we fighting over whos in charge and who does what?
Can we agree on roles and Can we do the work as a job properly? team?
Meenakshi Ahuja
Forming - stage 1
High dependence on leader for guidance and direction. Great deal of uncertainty about grps purpose. This stage is complete when interpersonal relationships are established and when members have begun to think of themselves as part
of a group.
Storming - stage 2
Decisions don't come easily within group. Team members attempt to establish themselves in relation to other team members and the leader, who might receive challenges from team members. Clarity of purpose increases but plenty of uncertainties persist, there may be power struggles. The team needs to be focused on its goals to avoid becoming distracted by relationships and emotional issues. Compromises may be required to enable progress.
Norming - stage 3
Agreement and consensus is largely forms among team, who respond well to facilitation by leader. Roles and responsibilities are clear and accepted. Big decisions are made by group agreement. The team discusses and develops its processes and working style. There is general respect for the leader and some of leadership is more shared by the team. Leader facilitates and enables
Performing - stage 4
The team knows clearly why it is doing what it is doing There is a focus on over-achieving goals, and the team makes most of the decisions against criteria agreed with the leader. The team has a high degree of autonomy . The team does not need to be instructed or assisted. team members look after each other.
Adjourning - stage 5
Attention is towards the wrapping up of activities., hopefully when the task is completed successfully, its purpose fulfilled; everyone can move on to new things, feeling good about what's been achieved.
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Types of groups
Primary and secondary Membership and reference groups Command and task groups In groups and out groups Formal and informal groups
Secondary
Formal , general, remote Might not be interested in individuals Absence of intimacy
PRIMARY GROUPS
Traits Small Personal orientation Enduring (long lasting) Frequent interaction Face-to-face Intimate sense of belonging emotional orientation: bond based on emotions loyalty Primary relationships First group experienced in life Irreplaceable Security Assistance of all kinds Emotional to financial Examples: the family.
SECONDARY GROUPS
Traits
Large membership: larger than primary groups Goal or activity orientation impersonal and formal Infrequent interaction
Secondary relationships
Weak emotional ties between persons Short term
Importance
Networking Career goals Examples: co-workers, political organizations
Reference Groups
In-groups can be secondary or primary groups, but in either case, they are always reference groups, real or imaginary .
Informal groups
Social groups: people who enjoy each others company (chat groups) Interest groups: groups that develop informally around a common interest (news groups, listserv members)
Propinquity Needs, Functions and Goals Interaction Balance Theory Exchange Theory