Chuyn : Chuyn mch quang v mng ton quang Nhm sinh vin thc hin: Trn Ngc H Nguyn c ng L Th ng

Ni dung
1. Cc cng ngh x l tn hiu.
2. Vi mch t hp quang. 3. Mng quang li v xu hng pht trin.

Cc cng ngh x l tn hiu

Cng ngh ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng (WDM-

wavelength division multiplexing). K thut chuyn i bc sng. Cc cng ngh chuyn mch quang.

Cng ngh ghp knh theo bc sng.

Nhiu knh quang ng vi cc bc sng khc nhau c th c truyn i trn cng mt si quang

u im ca cng ngh WDM.

C kh nng to dung lng ln ch trn mt si quang.
H thng WDM thun tin khi cho php truyn dn ng

thi tn hiu khng ng nht. C kh nng truyn dn song cng ch vi mt si quang (mt bc sng cho chiu i v mt bc sng cho chiu nhn).

u im ca cng ngh WDM.

H thng TDM

H thng WDM
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Nhc im ca cng ngh WDM

Qu trnh khai thc, bo dng phc tp.
Vi h thng song cng th cng ngh WDM gp phi vn

nh: - can nhiu nhiu knh - phn x quang - cch li gia cc knh 2 chiu.

K thut chuyn i bc sng.

L kh nng chuyn i tn hiu t bc sng ny trn

mt ng vo sang bc sng khc trn mt ng ra. C 2 phng php bin i bc sng l: -bin i bc sng quang in. -bin i bc sng ton quang. C tc dng gim tc nghn. .

Chuyn mch quang

Chuyn mch knh quang.
Chuyn mch gi quang. Chuyn mch nhm quang.

Cng ngh chuyn mch quang.

Cng ngh chuyn mch quang ng dng m hc

(acousto-opto switching). Cng ngh chuyn mch quang tinh th lng (liquidcrystal based optic switching). Cng ngh chuyn mch quang vi c in (MEMS based optic switching). Cng ngh chuyn mch quang nhit(thermo-optic switching). .
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Cng ngh chuyn mch quang vi c in

L cng ngh c nhiu u th.
3 kin trc chuyn mch quang da trn MEMS l:

- chuyn mch MEMS 1 chiu. - chuyn mch MEMS 2 chiu. - chuyn mch MEMS 3 chiu.

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Chuyn mch MEMS 1 chiu.

=> Chc nng ghp/tch knh bc sng quang c thc hin nh phn t tn sc

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Chuyn mch MEMS 2 chiu

D iu khin vi gng v vi gng c iu khin s hc theo hai trng thi. Cn phi thc hin tch/ghp knh c lp vi trng chuyn mch.
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Chuyn mch MEMS 3 chiu.

Vic thit k, ch to v trin khai cc chuyn mch quang MEMS ba chiu hin nay vn cn gp nhiu kh khn thch thc.
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Chuyn mch nhm quang

Cc gi tin c tp hp li thnh cc burst truyn ti

trong mng OBS. Tham s quyt nh vic t hp burst: ch ca gi tin. Cc burst c di khng c nh v bao gm: control packet (gi tin iu khin) v data burst. Thng tin trong cc gi iu khin bao gm: chiu di burst, thi im burst n v thng tin nh tuyn.

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Chuyn mch nhm quang. Mng OBS.

Cc nt bin:thc hin giao dch vi cc mng khc nh IP. Cc nt li: chuyn tip burst t cng u vo ti cng u ra tng ng.
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Chuyn mch nhm quang

Trc khi truyn cc data burst th cc control header

c truyn yu cu ti nguyn mng. Data burst gn nh l c truyn ngay sau control data m khng cn i phn hi dnh ti nguyn thnh cng. C mt khong thi gian nh gia control packet v data burst cc nt c th x l c control packet.

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Chuyn mch nhm quang

Bng thi gian biu ca knh:
L mt thi gian biu theo trc ngang, xc nh thi gian

sm nht m knh truyn ri. Da vo thi gian biu ny th data burst s c truyn vo knh c im kt thc bn sm hn thi im n ca data burst. Nu khng c knh no nh th th data burst s c xp vo knh c thi gian bn ngn nht v c lu vo ch n khi knh ri.
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Chuyn mch nhm quang

Sau khi knh c la chn th thi gian biu ca n c

tnh li.

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VI MCH T HP QUANG

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a)Khi nim -Vi mch t hp quang(IOC) l mt loi mch mng mng quang hc c thit k x l tn hiu di dng quang bng cch tch hp mt ngun diodelaser,cc b phn chc nng khc nh thit b chuyn mch,b iu ch,cc ng dn sng,my d photodiode...

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-c lm t rt nhiu vt liu khc nhau.Bao gm c tinh th in quang (lithium niobate LiNbO3),oxit silic trn nn silic,silic trn nn bn dn,cc loi polyme,v vt liu bn dn. -Cng ngh ch to c nhiu nt ging vi mch tch hp in t (in khun,lng ng vt liu) -Cn nhiu phn t c bn to thnh mt vi mch t hp quang (ng dn sng,b chia cng sut,khuych i quang,iu ch quang,lc quang,diot laser v my d photodiot )

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b)u im ca mch t hp quang -gim khi lng,kch c ca h thng. -tng bng thng,dung lng ghp knh. -chng nhiu sng in t,suy hao t. -tc hot ng nhanh,cng sut tiu hao t. -c th chu c rung v nhit thay i

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c)Phn loi mch t hp quang -c hai loi chnh: +mch lai t hp quang +mch t hp quang nguyn khi

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H thng vi c in t MEMS

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a)Khi nim -H thng vi c in t (microelectromechanical system) l h thng in t c tch hp thm cc b phn c chuyn ng c kch c rt nh (c hng micromet) -MEMS c ch to t cc thnh phn c kch c t 1-100 micromet. -bao gm mt n v x l d liu trung tm v cc thit b cm bin tng tc vi bn ngoi -c ch to bng cc cng ngh nh c,m,khc axit,khc kh
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b)Cc loi vt liu dng cho MEMS +Silic +Polymer +Kim loi +Gm. c)Cc qui trnh x l to MEMS +lng ng:lng ng vt l,ha hc +to mu: lithography,diamond patterning +x l khc t:khc ng hng,khc nh hng,khc axit HF,khc in ha +x l khc kh:khc bay hi,phn x,khc ion.

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d)Phn loi MEMS -theo mc ch s dng +Sensor +Actuator +Structure -theo lnh vc ng dng +My in phun +My gia tc +MEMS gyroscopes + Silicon pressure sensors +mn hnh +chuyn mch quang
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e)ng dng trong thng tin quang -ng vai tr nh mt chuyn mch quang -cc khi gng nh c th lm lch tia sng a n u ra theo yu cu -mt chuyn mch quang c bn dng MEMS c th cu hnh c vi kch c 1x36. t c nhng cu hnh ln hn ta c th ghp cc chuyn mch c bn vi nhau

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MNG QUANG LI (Optical mesh networks)

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V d v mng quang li: NSFNET 14nodes

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Mng quang li
Mng quang li c xy dng da trn mng truyn ti, c

kin trc li, c trin khai theo quy m th, quc gia hoc quc t bng cch trin khai cc thit b truyn quang c kh nng chuyn i lu lng truy nhp t si u vo n si u ra. S dng thit b chuyn mch bc sng, c th nng cao tc a truy nhp. S dng cc cc phn t mng thng minh nh hu ht cc mng truyn ti khc.

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Thit b chuyn mch quang

Di y l thit b chuyn mch s dng trong mng quang

li

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Switching-multiplexing-grooming

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 Thit b chuyn mch quang hc xy dng bi cc cng ty

nh Sycamore v Ciena (STS-1 chi tit ca cc chuyn mch) v Tellium (STS-48 chi tit ca cc chuyn i) c trin khai trong cc mng li hot ng. Calient xy dng cc thit b chuyn mch quang da trn cng ngh MEMS 3D.

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 Mng quang li ngy nay khng ch cung cp cho mng nhiu lp hn, chng hn nh kt ni gia cc b nh tuyn hoc lin-chuyn i mt IP, MPLS, hoc c s h tng gi Ethernet trung tm, m cn h tr nh tuyn hiu qu v phc hi mt mt thng tin nhanh chng ca mng Ethernet bng thng cao imim v dch v SONET / SDH.

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Phc Hi Thng Tin Trong Mng Quang Li

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Phc Hi Thng Tin Trong Mng Quang li

(Recovery in optical mesh networks)

Mng li quang hc h tr vic thnh lp ch kt ni mch

theo nh hng dch v. Nhiu c ch phc hi cung cp mc bo v khc c sn trong cc mng li. Knh, lin kt, phn khc v con ng bo v l nhng cng c ph bin nht. P-chu k [7] l mt dng khc ca bo v thc y v m rng vic bo v vng. Phc hi l mt phng php phc hi c th lm vic ring ca mnh hoc b sung cho cc n bo v nhanh hn trong trng hp mt mt thng tin nhiu.

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 Trong cc con ng bo v, mt s kt ni c th c bo v, s khc c th c bo v chng li mt mt thng tin mt hoc nhiu trong nhiu cch khc nhau.
Mt kt ni c th c bo v chng li mt mt mt duy nht bng cch xc nh mt ng dn sao lu, a dng t con ng chnh c thc hin bi cc kt ni qua mng li.

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 ng dn sao lu v cc ngun lc lin quan c th c

dnh ring cho cc kt ni (hay cn gi l sao lu chuyn dng con ng bo v), hoc chia s gia nhiu kt ni (hay cn gi l sao lu chung con ng bo v), thng nhng ng m khng c kh nng mt mt thng tincng mt lc, do trnh ganh ua ti nguyn chia s trong trng hp mt lin kt hoc nt mt mt thng tin.

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nh Tuyn Trong Mng Quang Li (Routing in optical mesh networks )

nh tuyn l mt vn quan trng trong hot ng ca mng

quang li. Trong cc mng quang li hay trong tt c cc mng quang, nh tuyn cc kt ni lin quan cht ch n vic la chn bc sng v qu trnh phn cng (ci gi l nh tuyn v chuyn nhng Bc sng, hay "RWA"). nh tuyn l vic tm kim mt con ng chnh kt ni c v nu bo v l cn thit, mt ng dn sao lu a dng t con ng chnh. Cc bc sng c s dng trn mi lin kt c lp ca nhau.

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 Mt s thut ton c s dng xc nh mt con ng chnh v sao lu 1 con ng khc nhau (c hoc khng chia s ti nguyn dc theo ng dn sao lu) cho 1 kt ni hoc dch v, nh: ng i ngn nht, thut ton Dijkstra

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ng dng ca mng quang li

Vic trin khai mng li quang hc c to iu kin cho cc dch v v ng dng mi cho cc nh cung cp dch v cung cp cho khch hng ca h, chng hn nh:

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 Cht lng dch v (QoS) : Dch v bo v, cho php nhiu

mc bo v khc nhau . Thun tin trong lp k hoch v qun l bng thng. H tr cc m hnh mng mi nh IP-over-optical network

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Xu hng pht trin ca mng quang

Mc d vic x l tn hiu quang cng nh cng ngh ch to quang vn cn nhiu hn ch v cn ang c tip tc nghin cu v pht trin, i vi cng ngh chuyn mch trong min quang, c th d dng nhn ra rng nhng g din ra trong s tin ha ca mng trong min x l in c thc hin hoc ang c ch i i vi s pht trin ca cc mng quang.

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Xu hng pht trin ca mng quang

Min in ------------------ Min quang CM knh ~~~~~~~~~~~~ CM tuyn quang (cn gi l chuyn mch bc sng) CM bn tin/tin bo ~~~~~~~ CM Burst quang (CM chm/ b quang- ti th thch gi nguyn ch ting Anh) CM gi ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CM gi quang

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Xu hng pht trin ca mng quang

Tuy nhin, hi khc vi trong min in, chuyn mch bn

tin/tin bo (message switching) sm b lng qun v hu nh khng c ng dng thng mi, CM burst quang vn c quan tm v ang c k vng l bc chuyn tip t cm knh quang (tuyn quang) ln cm gi quang.

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Xu hng pht trin ca mng quang

V cng ngh truyn dn, c h tr bi s pht trin cng

ngh thit b quang, h cng ngh xWDM ang ngy cng th hin c vai tr ch o khng ch trong cc mng ng trc m cn trong mng truy nhp (Metro Networks v LANs).

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Xu hng pht trin ca mng quang

Hin nay trn th gii, vi s xut hin ngy cng nhiu ca

cc sn phm chuyn mch tuyn quang (Optical Path Switching) (ROADM, OXC) trong thng mi, cc mng ng trc quang ang dn dn chuyn mnh t cc mng Point-to-Point hoc Ring sang mng kiu li (Mesh) v y cc cu hnh n gin Ring v Point-to-point v pha mng truy cp. Hai trong s cc cng ngh h tr cc mng chuyn mch quang s dng cc chuyn mch tuyn quang ang c ITU-T quan tm v chun ha l OTN (Optical Transport NetworksG.709, G.872,...) v NG-SONET/SDH (Next Generation SONET/SDH).
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