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Planning and designing a microwave radio link

Under the guidance of Mr. Krishna Kishore By B. Sandeep(08T81A0479) S. Suresh Kumar(08T81A0496) S. Vijay(08T81A04B4) B. Havisha(08251A0403)

Mobile Subsystem(MS) Base Station Subsystem(BSS) Network Switching Subsystem(NSS) Network Management Subsystem(NMS)

Telecommunication network

Transport

Transport is an entity that carries information between Network Nodes


Information is sent over a carrier between Network Nodes. Carrier is sent over a Transmission Media

Transmission media

Two types:
Wired media Wireless media

Commonly used Transmission Media : Copper Cables Microwave Radio Optical Fiber Infra Red Radio

Rapid Deployment
Flexibility Lower Startup and Operational Cost No ROW Issues Low MTTR

Low MTBF
Roll out period is low

Microwave advantages

Focused with lenses made of wax Refracted with prisms of wax or paraffin Reflected from large, plane sheets of metal Diffracted by slits in metal surfaces Can pass through dry wood They exhibit TIR

Microwave Properties

L band: 1-2Ghz S band: 2-4Ghz C band: 4-8Ghz X band: 8-12Ghz Ku band: 12-18Ghz K band: 18-26.5Ghz There are other various bands which are not used in practical scenarios

Microwave bands

IDU- Indoor Unit ODU- Outdoor Unit MWA- Microwave Antenna

Two Microwave Terminals Forms a Hop Microwave Communication requires LOS

Microwave System

Hop Model

Outdoor Unit

Outdoor Unit

Indoor Unit

Indoor Unit

Traffic

Traffic

Station A

Station B

Connector Carries information 32 time slots Each slot carries 64kb of data Carries information of 120 GSM users

E1 Link

Planning Process
RF Nominal Planning (NP)/ Application for Frequency License
Define BSC Borders Microwave Link Planning and LOS Checking for BTSs

Estimate BSC Locations

Change BTS Prime Candidate ? N Update LOS Reports, Frequency Plan, Planning Database, Equipment Summary

Preliminary Transmission Planning and LOS Checking for possible BSCs Finalize BSC Locations

Change BTS Prime Candidate ? N Customer to apply SACFA based on Nokia Technical Inputs

Figure 1. Microwave Link Planning Process

Different topologies are available


Point-to-point Bus Star Ring or circular Mesh Tree

Hybrid
Daisy chain

Topology Planning

Line of sight(LOS) is required for microwave propagation Practical survey is done using
GPS Receiver Camera Magnetic Compass Altimeter Binocular / Telescope Flashing Mirror Flags Inclinometer Balloon Set Measuring Tapes - Map Study Data

LOS Survey

Geographic information system(GIS) Tool used for LOS survey

Global Mapper

Path loss is a tool used for the calculation of Link budget Antenna gain Free space loss RF basic occurrence loss Fading factor

Path Loss

Conclusion

Thank you

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