Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Under the guidance of Mr. Krishna Kishore By B. Sandeep(08T81A0479) S. Suresh Kumar(08T81A0496) S. Vijay(08T81A04B4) B. Havisha(08251A0403)
Mobile Subsystem(MS) Base Station Subsystem(BSS) Network Switching Subsystem(NSS) Network Management Subsystem(NMS)
Telecommunication network
Transport
Transmission media
Two types:
Wired media Wireless media
Commonly used Transmission Media : Copper Cables Microwave Radio Optical Fiber Infra Red Radio
Rapid Deployment
Flexibility Lower Startup and Operational Cost No ROW Issues Low MTTR
Low MTBF
Roll out period is low
Microwave advantages
Focused with lenses made of wax Refracted with prisms of wax or paraffin Reflected from large, plane sheets of metal Diffracted by slits in metal surfaces Can pass through dry wood They exhibit TIR
Microwave Properties
L band: 1-2Ghz S band: 2-4Ghz C band: 4-8Ghz X band: 8-12Ghz Ku band: 12-18Ghz K band: 18-26.5Ghz There are other various bands which are not used in practical scenarios
Microwave bands
Microwave System
Hop Model
Outdoor Unit
Outdoor Unit
Indoor Unit
Indoor Unit
Traffic
Traffic
Station A
Station B
Connector Carries information 32 time slots Each slot carries 64kb of data Carries information of 120 GSM users
E1 Link
Planning Process
RF Nominal Planning (NP)/ Application for Frequency License
Define BSC Borders Microwave Link Planning and LOS Checking for BTSs
Change BTS Prime Candidate ? N Update LOS Reports, Frequency Plan, Planning Database, Equipment Summary
Preliminary Transmission Planning and LOS Checking for possible BSCs Finalize BSC Locations
Change BTS Prime Candidate ? N Customer to apply SACFA based on Nokia Technical Inputs
Hybrid
Daisy chain
Topology Planning
Line of sight(LOS) is required for microwave propagation Practical survey is done using
GPS Receiver Camera Magnetic Compass Altimeter Binocular / Telescope Flashing Mirror Flags Inclinometer Balloon Set Measuring Tapes - Map Study Data
LOS Survey
Global Mapper
Path loss is a tool used for the calculation of Link budget Antenna gain Free space loss RF basic occurrence loss Fading factor
Path Loss
Conclusion
Thank you