Presented by: Noreen Pineda Mei Lei Bianca Evangelista Dustin Tan Lorenzo Aban

On His Blindness John Milton When I consider how my light is spent 'Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide, And that one Talent which is death to hide, Lodged with me useless though my soul more bent To serve there with my Maker, and present My true account, lest He returning chide, "Doth God exact day-labour light denied?" I fondly asked; But patience to prevent That murmur, soon replies, "God doth not need Either man's work or his own gifts: who best Bear their mild yoke, they serve Him best. His state Is kingly, Thousands at his bidding speed And post o'er and ocean without rest: They also serve who only stand and wait.

Activity 70 (page 312)

So now, well need volunteers!

Directions: Illustrate or draw any ideas you have about the poem weve just read.

Activity #71 (page 313)

Directions: Tick off the cell representing the line of the poem that expresses the given quality or characteristic of the poem listed in the first column.

THE WHOLE WRITING PROCESS

Writing is your act of putting on a piece of writing material any symbols, marks of signs to typify or represent your ideas or meanings about your chosen subject matter. Just like a spoken language, your writing act constitutes a written language that is in conformity with societal rules or conventions.
As stated in the previous lesson, you have different rhetorical or discourse modes and patterns to express yourself. In any of these writing modes or patterns, you dont only think of your topic but of your method or technique, too, in completing the whole writing act. You need to pay attention also to your manner of arranging sentences.

To write a composition is to go through a writing process that is made up of several stages. These writing stages, however, are not sequential like other stages. Subjected to your scientific and artistic inclinations, writing gives you the freedom to shuttle from one writing stage to another until you arrive at what you think is the best form of your composition. Recursive is the appropriate adjective to describe your act of going back and forth from the following three writing stages:

1. PRE-WRITING STAGE
Identified as Ideation or Invention Stages, this initial phase of the writing process gives you the opportunity to think carefully of your subject matter and of varied ideas to develop on your topic. In addition, you consider whether these ideas are major, minor or broad or narrow. Central to your thinking in this stage is your manner of maintaining an idea-topic relationship all through the composition. Comparing a big topic to a small one, the latter is more capable of giving a better text because the ideas it extracts from you are specific, exact or accurate. A broad topic is open to all kinds of knowledge that may result in a cluttered or confusing understanding of the whole written work.

Three elements of the writing act are the main concern of the pre-writing stages; namely Audience, Purpose and Main idea. Hence, in this stage, you tend to ask yourself questions like:

Who will read my essay? What shall I write in this essay? What is the main point or central message of the essay?

The sentence that expresses the central message or main point of the text is called Topic Sentence; of an essay, Thesis Statement. You start to think of your topic sentence or thesis statement in this initial writing stage because these two elements of your writing act indicate the extent or boundary of your ideation. In other words, these two essential parts of your written work tell you the kind of ideas, faces, opinions, examples and other details needed to develop your written work into a complete paragraph or essay. Moreover, thinking of these two powerful sentences in this stage means determining the connection with your audience and purpose.

In this stage, your thoughts on these three basic writing elements Subject Matter, Audience and Purpose are crucial to the succeeding writing stages. This is why people consider the first writing stage, Pre-writing Stages as the most important and the longest among the three writing stages. This is true for in this stage, you spend time to collect all forms of knowledge for your topic through varies data-gathering strategies such as the following:

1.

Brainstorming Session - listing down language structures to express whatever ideas or concepts your mind has about your topic without worrying about grammar Looping or Free Writing - writing you thoughts and feelings freely in a paragraph without worrying about language rules Group Discussions - exchanging ideas with one another about the topic Graphic Organizer - using charts, figures, diagrams or tables to discover related ideas about your topic Interview - getting ideas from the answers of people asked about the topic Informal Debate - giving or listening to arguments, reasons or counter-claims of speakers representing the two sides of an issue; first the affirmatives YES side; the second, the negative or the No side of the issue. Journal Writing - recording in a notebook your worldviews and emotional reactions about any topic under the sun without worrying about grammar rules Listing - writing in a columnar order any ideas related to your topic, and right away dropping from the list any word foreign to your subject matter

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Outlining - classifying ideas into major or minor ones, with the minor (small idea) listed under the major ideas
Reading - getting ideas from reading materials in the library, at home, in government offices or in the Internet Semantic Mapping - discovering ideas by drawing or illustrating something in relation to your subject matter

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Clustering or Semantic Webbing - finding out ideas that are closely related to the topic found in the middle of the graph by surrounding this topic with words related to the topic
Speculating - seeking answers to all kinds of questions that you want to ask about your subject matter

13.

2. WRITING OR DRAFTING STAGE

Creating the body of the text is the main concern of this second stage of writing. However, it is not just putting together ideas that resulted from your pre-writing strategy but also organizing or arranging these ideas through any of the rhetorical modes or patterns discussed in the previous lesson. Here, you spend time determining which organizational pattern suits the rhetoric or discourse mode youve chosen for your topic. Careful selection of transitional devices as well as other language structures to ensure coherence of ideas is likewise the focus of this second stage in the writing process.

3. POST-WRITING STAGE
The entire writing process is completed by this last stage that comes in two sub-stages: revision and proofreading or editing. Revision takes place when you change some aspects of your composition based on its fitness to your audience and purpose, or on its correct application of the qualities of these three qualities of a paragraph: unity, coherence and emphasis. The proofreading or editing stage is for evaluation the diction, grammar spelling, punctuation and other things included in the mechanics of composition writing. Considering the fact that nobody is perfect, and that people learn from one another, you are then free to exchange works with your classmates, so both of you can improve each others essay before the final submission to your teacher.

The writing process usually happens when you express yourself in longer forms of discourse such as paragraphs and other types of compositions that consist of multiple paragraphs like short stories, novels, biographies, essays and so on and so forth.

How do you define a paragraph? A paragraph is a set of related sentences put together to express an idea or to elaborate a concept. The sentences are geared towards only one mental image, concept or opinion which you call as the main Idea of the paragraph. It singles out one of its Sentences as the topic sentence to express the main idea of the whole text. Main idea is to a paragraph; thesis statement is to an essay.

The rest of the sentences are called supporting details whose main function is to develop or elaborate on the main idea express by the topic sentence by defining, describing, making analogies and giving examples about the text.

A topic sentence is of two kinds: explicit topic sentence which is directly stated in the paragraph and an implicit topic sentence that is implied or indirectly stated in the text. The forming of the second type greatly depends on your understanding of each part of the reading material. Based on your holistic view of the text, you take the initiative of using your own words in forming the topic sentence to express the main idea of the text. For the explicit topic sentence, you can position this in two noticeable and emphatic places in the text; namely, the beginning and the ending of the paragraph.

One important thing to consider in paragraph writing is your manner of selecting the right cohesive or transitional devices to establish coherence or relationship among the sentences in the paragraph.

To become an excellent writer is to have a strategic competence in joining sentences and to have rich background knowledge about your topic. Remember, all ideas, concepts or opinions you want to display on your writing paper come from you, the writer. Hence, your wealth of experience or the extent of your knowledge about your topic serves as the gauge of your writing abilities and of the effectiveness of your written output. The more knowledge you have about the focus of your paragraph, the more you are able to produce an interesting, informative and vigorous paragraph.

Central to writing therefore is how wide your perception is about the worldyour insights, opinions, emotion and awareness of people, places, and things around d you. Certainly, you have many ways to widen or deepen your understanding of your surroundings, such as travelling, reacting and socializing with various kinds of people. Further, writing a good paragraph means knowing and applying these three leading qualities of a paragraph: unity, coherence and emphasis. These are your guide in producing excellent paragraphs.

UNITY
Unity means oneness of idea in a paragraph, so much so, that all sentences in the text must be geared towards the main idea of the paragraph. This is the first and the most important quality of a paragraph, but ironically, the quality that several often neglect to apply seriously. This is so, because confronted with a lot of varied idea opinions, feelings examples, details, and so on and so forth, in relation to the main idea, your mind tends to stray from the focus or main point of your paragraph. As a result, one or two sentences become misfit in the paragraph; thereby, creating disunity among the sentences.

Indeed, disunity of thoughts occurs when, in your haste, or excitement to lay on the paper all what you know about your topic, you neglect to plan, outline, or organize ideas in your mind prior to writing them on a piece of paper. A strong reason behind stray thoughts is your inability to think within the bounds of the main point of your paragraph the controlling idea that serves as the fence to include only things which are relevant to the main idea of the text.

COHERENCE
The second quality of a paragraph is Coherence. This refers to the logical connection, organization or relationship of all sentences in the paragraph. A smooth flow of thoughts from the beginning to the end of the text takes place when the transfer of ideas result from valid reasons like those caused by time, space, similarities, differences, importance or logical thinking. The relatedness or systematic connection of ideas is possible through the use of expressions called transitions, which are of different kinds. Your choice of which transition to use depends on the kind of rhetorical pattern used by your paragraph. Here is the list of commonly used transitions:

COMMON TRANSITIONS

For Chronological order - after, afterward, at last, before, during, earlier, eventually, finally, first, formerly, last, later, meanwhile, next, now previously, soon, then, until For Spatial Order - above, ahead, around, away, behind, below, beneath, beyond, in front of, inside, in the center, from a distance, near, next to, outside, to the right For Order of Importance - also, another, even greater, finally, first, for one reason, furthermore, least, more, moreover, most, most important, next, the greatest reason, second, third For Comparison and Contrast Order - also, although, besides, both, but, however, instead, just as, like, likewise, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, similarly, similar to, so also, whereas, yet in contrast For Logical Order - accordingly, additionally, along with, and, as a result, consequently, for example, for instance, furthermore, hence, in addition, in conclusion, indeed, in fact, namely, therefore, thus

Coherence can also be established in the paragraph by means of the following methods:
1.

Repeating keywords - Linked sentences by repetition of words.

Example: The sentences are linked by the repetition of the word beauty.
In a span of one year, beauty-conscious people here and abroad, get the chance to witness all sorts of beauty contests, such as: Miss Universe beauty contest, Miss World beauty pageant, Miss Earth beauty competition, Miss AsiaPacific beauty contest, and so on and so forth. Coming in short intervals, these types of beauty contests stir up the viewers senses, especially, those considered by others as connoisseurs of beauty.

1.

L.k Using Pronouns - Pronouns replaces or eliminates the repetitive words in the paragraph. Example: The pronouns connect ideas in the paragraph and eliminate repetitive words from the text. Miss Amparo Munoz was Miss Universe 1974. As the holder of this prestigious crown, she had to tour the world the whole year round. Displaying her beautiful assets to the world, she would hop from one country to another to convince people of the need to maintain love, peace, and harmony among all kinds of people in the universe. Indeed she had to prove the essence of her crown this way.

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1. 2.

Lk;kl;lk; Kl;k

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Using a certain rhetorical or organizational pattern like chronological order, logical order, comparison - contrast order and the other patterns mentioned earlier.

EMPHASIS
The third quality of a paragraph is Emphasis. Here, you can see to it that the most important idea among all the details in the paragraph stands out or appears as the most noticeable part in the entire text. This is possible though the following writing techniques:
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2. 3. 4.

Good Position - Put the topic sentence in the most emphatic or noticeable part of the paragraph which is the beginning or the ending of the text. Proper Proportion - Allot a bigger space and longer discussion to the most important idea. Effective repetition - Write the most important idea in the text many times. Variety - Mix up different types of sentences - simple, compound, complex sentences in the paragraph.

Activity #78
Directions: Read each group of sentences, then together, decide whether it is a paragraph or not, and discuss what reasons to give in justifying your answer.

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Art is an act of using your imaginative powers to make things aesthetically significant. Depending greatly on your imagination, this is a subjective kind of activity. Excellence in art is proven by your creativity in producing artifacts that are not only intellectually elevating but emotionally satisfying as well.

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Asd Things that fall within the domain of the Humanities are those that concern themselves with studies on art, history, literature and classics for the improvement of values, beliefs and practices of mankind. Human beings in the Philippines have rich cultural and historical background. Getting involved in the field of Humanities means discovering ways and means by which a man can work out his own solution to lifes problems. Being the only Christian country in Asia, the Philippines takes pride in saying that a number of Filipinos have strong humanistic tendencies.

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3
3

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Creative thinking is a higher-order thinking skill. Students of the UST College of Architecture and Fine Arts are highly creative people. As such that they think they could easily convince the CHED to grant their college the COE status; meaning a center-of-excellence type of school. There are several ways to harness ones creativity. The world-renowned inventors are examples of people inclined to think creatively.

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A poem proves a persons artistry. Its language structures and literary devices like metrical measurement and rhyming scheme indicate the poets natural abilities to appeal to readers aesthetic sense. Applying these elements of poetry, a poem encourages its creator, the poet, to stir up readers senses and their imagination for a wider perception about the world.

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2 3 4 5

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Nobody on earth is exempted from lifes problems. Various problemslove, financial, family and school problems confront everyone in this world. People have many problem-solving techniques. Praying to God is one effective technique to overcome ones worries in life. Both positive and negative elements constitute life; hence, problems are normal happenings in every persons life. As this clich states, Life is not always a bed of roses.