Subject Seminar

Cerates
By

Dr. Ajay Chavan

Objective

Brief introduction and discussion regarding Cerates.

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Cerates

Introduction
This is one of unctuous preparation for cosmetic

and medicinal use.

Semisolid preparation (usually containing a

medicine) applied externally as a remedy or for

soothing an irritation
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Definition
An unctuous often medicated preparation for

external application, consisting of wax or resin or

spermaceti mixed with oil, lard.

Especially one that has firm consistency than a

typical ointment and does not melt when in

contact with the skin

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Contd
Cerate in the United States Pharmacopoeia is a mixture of three parts of paraffin and seven parts of lard.

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Cerates

History

First Known Use: 15th century in Middle English

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Cerates

Uses
Generally used as base in cosmetics and externally applied medicine Preparation of Balm, Ointment, Salve, Unction, Unguent. Camphor ice - Cerate made of camphor and wax and spermaceti and castor oil
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Spermaceti
Spermaceti (from Greek sperma, seed, and Latin cetus, whale) It is a wax present in the head cavities of the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus).
Originally mistaken for the whales sperm (hence the name). Spermaceti is created in the spermaceti organ inside the whale's head and connected to its nasal passage
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Contd
Spermaceti is extracted from sperm oil by crystallization at 6 C, when treated by pressure and a chemical solution of caustic alkali.
It is white crystals that are hard but oily to the touch,
and are devoid of taste or smell, making it very useful as an ingredient in cosmetics, leatherworking, and lubricants
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Contd
It is also used in making of candles of standard photometric value, in the dressing of fabrics, and as pharmaceutical excipient especially in cerates and ointments.

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Properties
Spermaceti is insoluble in water, very slightly soluble in cold alcohol. Easily dissolved in ether, chloroform, carbon

disulfide, and boiling alcohol.

Spermaceti consists principally of cetyl palmitate

(ester of cetyl alchohol and palmitic acid) C15H31COO-C16H33.

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Wax
Sticky plastic yellowish substance secreted by bees as the martial of honeycomb Waxes are organic compounds that

characteristically consist of long alkyl chains. Natural waxes are typically esters of fatty acids and long chain alcohols
Biosynthesized by many plants and animals.
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Properties
It refers to a class of chemical compounds that are plastic (malleable) near ambient temperatures. Characteristically, they melt above 45 C (113 F) to give a low viscosity liquid. Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in organic, nonpolar solvents.
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Uses
Waxes are mainly consumed industrially as components of complex formulations, often for coatings. The main use of polyethylene and polypropylene waxes is in the formulation of colorants for plastics. Lipstick and mascara are blends of various fats and waxes colored with pigments, and both beeswax and lanolin are used in other cosmetics.
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Resin
Resin in the most specific use of the term is a hydrocarbon secretion of particularly coniferous trees. many plants,

Resins are valued for their chemical properties and associated uses, such as the production of varnishes, adhesives.

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Properties
The resin produced by most plants is a viscous liquid, composed mainly of volatile fluid terpenes. The most common terpenes in resin are the bicyclic terpenes alpha-pinene, beta-

pinene, delta-3 careneand sabinene.

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Uses
The hard transparent resins, such as the copals, dammars, mastic and sandarac, are principally used for varnishes and cement. while the softer odoriferous oleo-resins and gum resins containing essential oils are more largely used for therapeutic purposes and incense
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Lard
Lard is pig fat in both its rendered and unrendered forms. Lard was commonly used in many cuisines as a cooking fat or shortening, or

as a spread similar to butter.

The culinary qualities of lard vary somewhat depending on the part of the pig from which the fat was taken and how the lard was processed
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Properties
Lard is mainly triglyceride. Lard is one of the few edible oils with a relatively high smoke point, attributable to its

high saturated fatty acids content.

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Uses
Rendered lard can be used to produce bio fuel and soap.

lard is also used as a cutting fluid in machining.

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Paraffin
Parafffin is term used synonymously with Alkane indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. The simplest paraffin molecule is that

of methane, CH4, a gas at room temperature.

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Contd
The solid forms of paraffin called paraffin wax, are heaviest molecules from C20H42 to C40H82. Paraffin derived from Latin parum (barely) + affins, meaning lacking affinity or lacking reactivity indicating paraffins unreactive nature

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Uses
Use as effective comedigenic, moisturizer in toiletries and cosmetics such as vaseline.

Wax baths for beauty and therapy purposes

Agent for preparation of specimens for histology

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Ayurvedic Perspective
In Ayurveda, Cerates can be compared with Siktha Taila.

As it is also prepared by Wax and Oils

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Siktha Taila
paM uqs xYj isli UxpaM| ASr usmir

xjsMr lkmri||
mculqlS ulW rui

xYj Supui|
xjsMqj rll kUhrquiUri||
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Contd
It is a mixture of beeswax and oil, soft, smooth ointment like substance. There are two method describe in R.T. Method 1 part of pure beeswax and 6 part of Tila Taila are mixed and melted over fire. Wax melt becomes homogenous liquid mix well & stop heating After cooling it becomes soft paste
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Contd
MethodInstead of 6 part of oil 5 part of oil said to added to 1 part of beeswax Rest of procedure is similar to that of first method The first method is said to be followed during winter season and second one during summer season
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Properties
Rasa Guna Karma Madhura Snigdha, Picchala Sandhanakar, Vrana ropana

Indication Vrana, Visarpa, KAndu., Kustha Shelf Life 1 year

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Summary

Discussed about Cerates and its Components & its properties & uses Brief introduction of Siktha Taila.

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Conclusion

Cerates one of the base used in cosmetic preparation as the base

In Ayurveda it can be consider as Siktha Taila

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